Industrial production and utilization of phytoconstituents

By Dr. Pankaj nainwal Associate professor Dev Bhoomi institute of pharmacy and research Dehradun ( uttarakhand )

Industrial Isolation Of Following

 Phytoconstituents Sennosides
 Solasodine
 Diosgenin
 Podophyllotoxin
1. PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF CALCIUM SENNOSIDES

SENNOSIDES are obtained from the dried leaflets and pods of plant . Cassia angustifolia
Family: Leguminosae .

Isolation of calcium sennoside:

Dried Powder + Methanol (80-90%) ………… In Extractor ………………. Maitain pH 2.9 by Org. acid ……………….Solvent is
circulated for 6-8 hrs, 40-45 0 C ………………….. filter and add methanol and filter …………………filtrate in tank with
stirrer…………………… ph adjust with ammonia 3.7-3.9……………. stirred solution for 30 – 45 min at 20-30 rpm …………….. allow
to stand for 1 hr…………….. filter the solution ………………………filtrate taken in a tank with stirrer of 90 rpm………………. tank
was previously filled with methanol………… stirring for 1 hr…………………………ph adjusted by liquor ammonia 30%
…………………………. ph adjust 6.5-6.7…………………….. stirred solution ………………….allow to stand for 1 hr …….. PPT
occurs……………..filter by drum / leaf …………………… Wash ppt with methanol till neutralized …………….adjust pH with
ascorbic acid on final washing with methanol ppt dried under vacuum at 50 0 C temp. ……………
FLAKES PULVERIZED AND PACKED.

UTILIZATION OF SENNOSIDES

 Used in the treatment of constipation

 In high dose used as Purgative
 In low dose used as Laxative

2. PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF SOLASODINE

Solasidine is obtained from the whole plant . Solanum xanthocarpum And dried full growth berries of Solanum khasianum
Family:Solanaceae .

ISOLATION OF SOLSODINE BY TWO METHODS METHOD 1 B. METHOD 2

METHOD. 1
Dried berries is powdered-------- Oil is removed------------- Defatted is extracted with ethanol--------------------- Resultant is
filtered , Concentrated & Treat with HCl & Reflux ---------------- Extract is made alkaline by ammonia…………. Reflux for 1
hr……………. Filter it…………………Dry and wash Residue ……………. Mix in chloroform …………. Evaporate solvent………..
Solasodine , solid residue is obtained.

METHOD. 2
Powdered drug + ethanol-------- Soxhlation 6 hrs.------------- Solvent distilled off…………… Concentrated to syrupy mass -------
--Add 5 ml HCl , Boil …….. Reflux for 2 hr……………. Cool it & Filter………… Residue + Boil water………. Adjust pH-9 by NH 3
(10%) …………. Boil under reflux for 2 hrs ……… Cool & Filter…..Dry Ppt ……….. Solasodine , solid residue is obtained.
UTILIZATION OF SOLASODINE:
 Used as a precursor for steroidal synthesis. It is first converted to 16-dehydropregnalone acetate which acts as a
precursor for steroidal synthesis like Corticosteroids,
 Pregnane Used in synthesis of Sex hormones and Oral contraceptives.
 Shows Antispermatogenic Activity
 Used as Hypocholestremic
 Agent Used as Antiatherosclerotic Agent .

3. PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF DIOSGENIN

 Diosgenin is obtained from the dried tubers of various species of Dioscorea . Dioscorea deltoid, Dioscorea prazeri,
Dioscorea floribunda
 It belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae

STRUCTURE OF DIOSGENIN

ISOLATION OF DIOSGENIN
TUBERS COLLECTED---------- WASHED ------- DRIED----------- EXTRACTED WITH HOT WATER OR 90% ETHANOL FOR 6
HRS……………………… ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT CONCENTRATED UNDER VACUUM………….. FILTER IT ……….. FILTERATE + SOLVENT
ETHER OR LEAD ACETATE SOLUTION…………HYDROLYSIS BY ACID …………………….. EXTRACTED WITH PET.
ETHER……….EVAPORATE SOLVENT …………………… DIOSGENIN COLLECTED, DRIED AND PACKED .

UTILIZATION OF DIOSGENIN
 Used as a precursor for steroidal synthesis. It is first converted to 16-dehydropregnalone acetate which acts as a
precursor for steroidal synthesis like Corticosteroids,
 Pregnane Used in synthesis of Sex hormones and Oral contraceptives.
 In treatment of Rheumatism

4. PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF PODOPHYLLOTOXIN

It is obtained from the dried rhizomes and root of Podophyllum hexandrum

Family: Berberidaceae

ISOLATION OF PODOPHYLLOTOXIN:
ISOLATION OF PODOPHYLLOTOXIN DRIED RHIZOME POWDER------------- EXTRACT WITH ETHANOL----------SOXHLATION-------
---------- DISTILLATION------------------ CONCENTRATE TO SYRUPY MASS ---------------------- ADD (HCL + H 2 O)--------------- COOL
AT 5 0 C--------------- ALLOWED TO STAND FOR 2 HRS--------------- FILTER UNDER VACUUM--------------------WASH RESIDUE
WITH ACIDIFIED WATER------------ COOL BELOW 5 0 C------------- RESIDUE + HOT ALCOHOL (90%)-------------- FILTER &
EVAPORATE------------------ DRY RESIDUE TO CONSTANT WEIGHT AT 80 0 C.

UTILIZATION OF PODOPHYLLOTOXIN:
 Potent Anti tumor agent
 Used in treatment of Cancer
 Purgative
 Cholagogue