A Research Paper

Presented to

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements of

ED 241

Submitted by:

NERIZA JEAN A. GENOSAS, LPT

Submitted to:

MONA LISA O. CHAGAS, Ed.D

 PLANNING FOR AND MANAGING CHANGE

Planning is the first managerial function to be performed. It is concerned with

deciding in advance what is to be done in future, when, where and by whom it
is to be done. It is a process of thinking before doing.

“Without the activities determined by planning, there would be nothing to

organize, no one to activate and no need to control”.
George R. Terry

MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS
1. PLANNING – choose appropriate organizational goals and courses of
action to best achieve those goals

2. ORGANIZING – establish task and authority relationships that allow

people to work together to achieve organization goals

3. LEADING – motivate, coordinate and energize individuals and groups

to work together to achieve organizational goals

4. CONTROLLING - establish accurate measuring and monitoring

systems to evaluate how well the organization has achieved its goals

WHY PLAN?
• Want to plan change, not become a victim of change
• Planning is an effort to anticipate future change
• Gives the organization a sense of direction
• Involve staff in decision making
• Helps coordinate the different functions and departments
• Facilitate control and demonstrate accountability

MANAGE CHANGE
• Do this by:
• Delegating decision-making; empowering the staff
 • Increasing staff flexibility -- decline of specialist and rise of
generalist
• Structuring to respond to quickly changing user needs
• Creating and then focusing on a user-centered culture

FACTORS IN PLANNING
• Time frame
• Collecting and analyzing data
• Levels of planning in the organizational structure
• Flexibility
• Accountability

TYPES OF PLANS
• Overall strategic plan - Strategic plans define the framework of the
organization’s vision and how the organization intends to make its vision
a reality.
• Annual budget/operations plan
• Collection development plan
• Information technology plan
• Development (fund raising) plan
• Staff development (training) plan
• Marketing plan
• Building / facilities plan
• Instructional plan
• Evaluation or outcomes assessment plan

PLANNING PROCESS
Systematic process, primarily five steps:
1. Situational and environmental analysis
2. Development of organizational direction
3. Formulate strategy
4. Implement strategy
5. Control, feedback and evaluation
 • Identify a planning team that will be responsible for carrying out the major
planning phase and will involve other work teams and task forces at
appropriate times
• CONDUCT ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
1. SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and
Threats) it identify strengths, weaknesses within the organization;
opportunities and threats from outside the organization
• Self-analysis
2. External PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological)
a. Political issues, including the parent’s attitude towards the
library.
b. Economic force, looking at general economic conditions
and trends
c. Social forces, including the norms and values of the local
culture
d. Technological forces, change in IT
• Identify the needs of the various end users and other stakeholders
• Identify the organizational culture and values or assumptions that are the
organization’s guiding principles.
• Formulate the vision and mission statements that identify the library
• Develop goals and objectives
• Develop strategic and action plans
• Implement the strategic plan
• Monitor, evaluate, and adjust the plan as objectives and activities are
accomplished and priorities shift

PLANNING TECHNIQUES
1. MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO)
• merges organizational goals and objectives with individual goal
setting
• establishes objectives and approaches them as a team over a
stated period of time
• objectives must be measurable, with time limits, and they must
require specific and realistic action
 • is a form of participatory management because it involves
everyone, to an extent, in the management process
2. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)
• used by libraries to emphasize quality, especially customer
services
• focus on the customer in the development of products and the
delivery of services
• be constantly aware of process both in development and delivery,
and vigilant for opportunities for improvement
• libraries became more interested in quality, customer service,
teamwork and getting things done right the first time
3. FORECASTING
• A process of projections or predictions
• Predictions are opinions about facts
• Projections are based upon systematic review
• Forecasting are predictions based upon assumptions about the
future
• Scenario planning is the generation of multiple forecasts of future
condition followed by an analysis of how to respond to each
scenario