1. Hamburg Port, Germanyhttp://www.maritimemarket.ru/images/hamburg.

jpg
2. 14. EVOLUTION OF PORTSPorts have evolved over timeTheir development phases can be
classified as follows: First Generation Port: Existed before and until 1960s Comprised of a basic
cargo interface between land and sea transport Isolated from transport and trade activities
Resembled an independent kingdom Isolation between different port activities Usually a bulk
cargo port
3. 15. Second Generation Port: During 1960s – 1980s They were developed transport, industrial
and commercial service centres Offered various types of industrial and commercial activities
They reflected sophisticated port policies and development strategies Provided industrial facilities
within the port area Well developed network of transport infrastructure They integrated different
activities and zonal relationships
4. 16. Third Generation Port: From 1980 onwards Arose from global containerization, inter-
modalism, and booming trade requirements They are hubs of international production and
distribution Combine traditional, specialized and integrated activities Well-planned infrastructure
and information processing facilities Offer value-added services User friendly Offer simplified
customs procedures More environmentally conscious
5. 17. Nagoya Port, Japanhttp://www.iaphworldports.org/gallery/img/Nagoya2_jpg.jpg
6. 18. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PORTSHub, center or mega port – a major port dealing
withinternational trade. Example: Rotterdam in TheNetherlands.Feeder port – to feed and distribute
cargo from majorports. Example: Port Riga in Latvia provides feederservice to Hamburg in
Germany.Entrepot or transit port – serves as a transit port.Example: Batumi seaport in Georgia is a
transit port forKazakh and Azerbaijan.Domestic port – provides a natural outlet forsurrounding
hinterland. Example: Jafarabad port inIndia.
7. 19. An aerial view of Rotterdam Port in The
Netherlandshttp://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=164137&page=4Rotterdam
8. 20. PORT MANAGEMENT – A BRIEFPorts last longer than ships and this requires the
portmanagement to avoid any costly blunders.Ports are classified according to their ownership
oradministration. Basic types are: State owned ports Autonomous ports Municipal owned ports
Private owned portsThere is an impetus to increase private ownership ofports.
9. 21. Ports are governed by various types of boards such as Representative Board – consisting of
persons representing interests concerned with port operation Board of Experts – consisting of
members with proven expertise Two Tier Boards – consisting of one tier to run the port on day-to-
day basis and other tier to plan and implement major policies
10. 22. Port management aims to: Operate with overall cost-leadership Minimize user payment by
ensuring quick ship turnover in port Minimize through-transport costs Minimize port costs
Maximize benefits To port owners To the town, region or nation Generate employment
11. 23. Hamburg Port, Germanyhttp://www.iaphworldports.org/gallery/img/mainporthamburg.jpg
12. 24. CONCLUSIONPorts have historical, commercial andinfrastructural significance.They form
the backbone of national andregional economies.Supporting efficient port operations
andmanagement is vital for national prosperity.
13. 25. ReferencesAlderton P.M. (1999). Port Management & Operations.London: LLPGrammenos
Costas Th. (2002). The Handbook ofMaritime Economics and Business. London:
InformaProfessional.