CLOUD COMPUTING

ASSISTED BY: PAPER SUBMITTED BY:

Dr.V.Vaidhyanathan, Saranya,K
Associate Dean (Research), II yr B.tech-ICT,
SOC/IT,
SASTRA UNIVERSITY, Monolisa,GS
THANJAVUR. II yr B.TECH-ICT,
SASTRA UNIVERSITY,
THANJAVUR.

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ABSTRACT:

Cloud computing has the ability

to rent servers for powerful
systems, available anywhere.
The fundamental elements of
cloud computing are
sustainability,connectivity,open
access,reliability,interoperability,
user choice security,privacy.
Cloud computing service models
include Software as a
service(SaaS),Infrastructure as a
service(IaaS),Platform as a
service(PaaS).The deployment
models of cloud computing are
Private cloud,Community
Cloud,Public cloud,Hybrid
cloud.The cloud migration is
preferred due to cost
savings,power savings,increased
agility in software deployment.

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 the resources of all kinds
Cloud Computing (CPU, storage, server
capacity, load balancing, and
Cloud Computing is a general databases).
term used to describe a new  The “pay as much as used
class of network based and needed” type of utility
computing that takes place over computing and the “always
the Internet.In other words, this is on!, anywhere and any place”
a collection/group of integrated type of network-based
and networked hardware, computing.
software and Internet
infrastructure (called a platform).  Cloud are transparent to
Using the Internet for users and applications, they
communication and transport can be built in multiple ways -
provides hardware, software and branded products, proprietary
networking services to clients. open source, hardware or
These platforms hide the software, or just off-the-shelf
complexity and details of the PCs.
underlying infrastructure from  In general, they are built on
users and applications by clusters of PC servers and off-
providing very simple graphical the-shelf components plus
interface or API (Applications Open Source software
Programming Interface).In combined with in-house
addition, the platform provides on applications and/or system
demand services, that are always software.
on, anywhere, anytime and any
place. Pay for use and as Cloud Deployment Models
needed, elastic (scale up and
down in capacity and  Private cloud: This cloud
functionalities).The hardware and infrastructure is operated
software services are available to solely for an organization. It
the general public, enterprises, may be managed by the
corporations and businesses organization or a third party
markets. and may exist on premise or
off premise.
Basic Cloud  Community cloud: This
Characteristics cloud infrastructure is shared
by several organizations and
 Remotely hosted: Services or supports a specific community
data are hosted on remote that has shared concerns
infrastructure. (e.g., mission, security
 Ubiquitous: Services or data requirements, policy, and
are available from anywhere. compliance considerations). It
 The “flexibility and elasticity” may be managed by the
allows these systems to scale organizations or a third party
up and down at will – utilising

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 and may exist on premise or
off premise.
 Public cloud: This cloud
infrastructure is made
available to the general public
or a large industry group and
is owned by an organization
selling cloud services.
 Hybrid cloud: This cloud
infrastructure is a composition
of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that
remain unique entities but are
bound together by
standardized or proprietary
technology that enables data
and application portability
(e.g., cloud bursting)
Software As A Service
(SaaS)
SaaS is a model of software
deployment where an application
is hosted as a server provided to
customers across the Internet.
SaaS is generally used to refer to
business software rather than
consumer software, falls under
Web 2.0! By removing the need
to install and run an application
on a user’s own computer it is
seen as a way for businesses to
get the same benefits as
commercial software with smaller
cost outlay. Saas alleviates the
burden of software
maintenance/support, but users
relinquish control over software
versions and requirements.
Why SaaS Is Needed?
 Only a web browser is
needed to access the
application. No need of other
hardware purchase or
software installation.
 SaaS is already deployed or
quickly deployed and it is
always ready to use.
 Unlike the traditional
apps, Cloud architecture
makes SaaS highly scalable.
 Multi-tenant architecture
makes SaaS highly efficient
as the source code is
same for every customer.
 Unlike traditional apps
where customization is the
key; a true SaaS can meet
any requirement by
simple configuration.
 Upgrades are pushed directly
at the SaaS provider’s end.
 Since all the customers are
using same code base, any
new tech-innovation is easily
integrated by the provider,
and is available for all the
subscribers.
Who Can use SaaS?
Apart for big enterprises who
have multiple options, It’s a
perfect solution for small & mid
size businesses. Most of
them have a little or no legacy
software to carry forward. They
can subscribe to a SaaS, it would
be just like subscribing to
electricity or phone and paying
the provider on a monthly basis
as per usage.
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Which industry segment is
better served by SaaS?
It can serve almost any software
need. SaaS players are used in
the following:
 CRM
 Collaboration Applications
 Security
 A few other segments like HR
are also available. But there
are a number of other
sections which need
affordable apps, for example,
Schools.
Best SaaS Example
 SalesForce CRM
 Google Apps
 DeskAway
 Impel CRM
 Wipro w-SaaS
Infrastructure As A
Service(IaaS)
This is the base layer of the cloud
stack. It serves as a foundation
for the other two layers, for their
execution. The keyword behind
this stack is Virtualization. This
concept is explained using
Amazon.In Amazon EC2 (Elastic
Compute Cloud) the application
will be executed on a virtual
computer (instance). User have
the choice of virtual computer,
where he/she can select a
configuration of CPU, memory
and storage that is optimal for
his/her application. The whole
cloud infrastructure viz. servers,
routers, hardware based load-
balancing, firewalls, storage and
other network equipments are
provided by the IaaS provider.
The customer buy these
resources as a service on a need
basis.
Why companies should
opt for IaaS ?
The billing is on hourly or monthly
basis. User pays only for the
actual resource consumption.
Unlike the traditional services
where we have to pay a fixed
amount even if we don’t use the
resources or have no enough
clients to consume the
preconfigured resources.In cloud
computing i.e. IaaS, payment is
less for a lower customer base
and vice-versa.
Using IaaS, configuration of
resources for unexpected spike in
traffic is possible. Based on the
computing requirement and
configuration the IaaS provider
can respond quickly to scale up
or down. Amazon EC2 calls
it Auto Scaling.This is suitable for
applications that undergo quite
unpredictable spike in traffic on
an hourly, daily or weekly
basis. i.e. On-Demand.
One more feature provided by
IaaS providers is Elastic Load
Balancing. It auto-
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 distributes application incoming a smart analytical ability &
traffic across multiple instances domain knowledge can get
(virtual computers). started with her/his 1st SaaS on
these platforms.
Platform As A
Examples: Best PaaS
Service(PaaS)
Providers
The PaaS provider will deliver  Microsoft Windows Azure
the platform on the web, and in  Google App Engine
most of the cases you can  Force.com (SalesForce)
consume the platform using your  OrangeScape
browser, i.e. no need to  Wolf PaaS
download any software. It has
definitely empowered small & Microsoft Windows Azure &
mid-size companies or even an Google App Engine are for
individual developer to launch developers. Existing .Net
their own SaaS leveraging the developers can easily move up to
power of these platform the Azure platform & create their
providers, without any initial own scalable SaaS. Java &
investment.There are two PaaS Python developers can use
layers Cloud OS(Operating Google Apps Engine to deliver
System) and Cloud Middleware. cloud apps.
Google App Engine and Windows
Azure are examples of Cloud OS. What is the purpose and
OrangesScape and Wolf PaaS benefits?
are cloud middleware.
 Cloud computing enables
PaaS are on-Demand browser companies and applications,
based platforms for rapidly which are system
designing & delivering multi- infrastructure dependent, to
tenant Cloud SaaS apps. They be infrastructure-less.
can be considered as 5 GL  By using the Cloud
platform which automates many infrastructure on “pay as used
standard software development and on demand”, all of us can
tasks to simplify application save in capital and
development. The USP of these operational investment.
platforms are they can be used  Clients can put their data on
by business analysts (non the platform instead of on
developers) as well as they have their own desktop PCs and/or
a rich design environment, i.e. no on their own servers.
need to write any piece of code.  They can put their
With a little patience anyone with applications on the cloud and

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 use the servers within the
cloud to do processing and
data manipulations etc.
 Cloud is used to reflect the
class of Internet centric
computing infrastructure being
transparent , highly scalable
(scale up and down as
needed), on-demand, pay as
needed and as used.
 Today,Cloud Computing is the
network based computing
over Internet.
Oppurtunities And
Challenges
The use of the cloud provides a
number of opportunities:
 Cloud computing works using
economies of scale.It
potentially lowers the outlay
expense for start up
companies, as they would no
longer need to buy their own
software or servers.
 Cost would be by on-demand
pricing.
 Vendors and Service
providers claim costs by
establishing an ongoing
revenue stream.
 Data and services are stored
remotely but accessible from
“anywhere”.
 Use of cloud computing
means dependence on others
and that could possibly limit
flexibility and innovation. The
others are likely become the
bigger Internet companies like
Google and IBM, who may
monopolise the market.
 It is still unclear how safe out-
sourced data is, and when
using these services
ownership of data is not
always clear.There are also
issues relating to policy and
access.
 There have been cases of
users being locked out of
accounts and losing access to
data.
Advantages of Cloud
Computing
 Lower computer costs.
 No need of a high-powered
and high-priced computer to
run cloud computing's web-
based applications.
 Since applications run in the
cloud, not on the desktop PC,
the desktop PC does not need
the processing power or hard
disk space demanded by
traditional desktop software.
 When you are using web-
based applications, the PC
can be less expensive, with a
smaller hard disk, less
memory, more efficient
processor.
 In fact, the PC does not even
need a CD or DVD drive, as
no software programs have to
be loaded and no document
files need to be saved.
 Improved performance.
 With few large programs
hogging the computer's
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 memory, the performance of
PC will be raised.
 Computers in a cloud
computing system boot and
run faster because they have
fewer programs and
processes loaded into
memory.
 Reduced software costs.
 Another advantage to cloud
computing is that no longer
faced with choosing between
obsolete software and high
upgrade costs.
 When the application is web-
based, updates happen
automatically - available the
next time when logged into
the cloud.
 When you access a web-
based application, you get the
latest version - without
needing to pay for or
download an upgrade.
 Improved document format
compatibility.
 Where Word 2007 documents
cannot be opened on a
computer running Word 2003,
all documents can be read.
 There are potentially no
format incompatibilities when
everyone is sharing
documents and applications in
the cloud.
 Unlimited storage capacity.
 Cloud computing offers
virtually limitless storage.
 Computer's current 200 Gbyte
hard drive is small compared
to the hundreds of Pbytes
available in the cloud.
 Storage is possible.
 Increased data reliability.
 Unlike desktop computing, in
which if a hard disk crashes
and destroy all your valuable
data, a computer crashing in
the cloud should not affect the
storage of your data.
 If the personal computer
crashes, all the data is still out
there in the cloud, still
accessible.
 In a world where few
individual desktop PC users
back up their data on a
regular basis, cloud
computing is a data-safe
computing platform!
 Universal document access.
 All your documents are
instantly available from
wherever you are.
 Latest version availability.
 Another document-related
advantage of cloud computing
is that when we edit a
document at home, that
edited version is what we see
when we access the
document at work.
 The cloud always hosts the
latest version of the
documents; as long as we are
connected, we are not in
danger of having an outdated
version.
 Easier group collaboration.
 Sharing documents leads
directly to better collaboration.
 Multiple users can collaborate
easily on documents and
projects.
 Device independence.
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 Changes to computers,  Stored data might not be
applications and documents secure.With cloud computing,
follow through the cloud. all your data is stored on the
cloud.
 Cloud computing companies
say that data is secure, but it
Disadvantages of Cloud is too early to be completely
Computing sure of that. Only time will tell
if your data is secure in the
 Requires a constant Internet cloud.Stored data can be lost:
connection.  Theoretically, data stored in
 Cloud computing is the cloud is safe, replicated
impossible without internet across multiple machines.
connection.  But on the off chance that
 Does not work well with low- your data goes missing, have
speed connections: no physical or local backup.
 Similarly, a low-speed Internet  Each cloud systems uses
connection, such as that different protocols and
found with dial-up services, different APIs. So it may not
makes cloud computing be possible to run applications
painful at best and often between cloud based
impossible. systems.
 Web-based applications
require a lot of bandwidth to Applications of Cloud
download, as do large Computing
documents.
 Can be slow,even with a fast • Researchers at Arizona State
connection, web-based University are using Nirvanix's
applications can sometimes cloud storage service to store
be slower than accessing a images of the Moon
similar software program on transmitted by NASA's
your desktop PC. recently launched Lunar
 Everything about the program, Reconnaissance Orbiter
Camera. The satellite will
from the interface to the
capture images of the lunar
current document, has to be surface and transmit them to
sent back and forth from the ASU for processing, which will
computer to the computers in include replicating the images
the cloud. on Nirvanix's Storage Delivery
 Features might be limited. Network.
 The basics are similar, but the
cloud application lacks many • Radiology departments are
of PowerPoint's advanced amongst the early adopters
features. exploiting the enormous

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 capability of the clouds. The services, including SQL Data
hospitals are being charged Services, to develop cloud-
per image for their storage based software capabilities
requirements. The stored that would let automobile
radiology images are not dealers share information on
restricted within the inventories and other
boundaries of a continent. resources. Infosys
They can be accessible to the demonstrated a prototype of
right clinicians at the right time the app at Microsoft's
to make the right use of the Professional Developers
available information. For the Conference last fall.
hospital, this can be a model
worth exploring in order to • Best Buy's Giftag applet uses
meet the regulatory Google App Engine to let
compliance for the meaningful users create and share wish
use of certified EHR lists from Web pages they
technology and keep the entry visit. The browser add-on was
cost as low as possible. built using the hProduct
Similarly the payer microformatting standard and
organizations and the App Engine's datastore API.
pharmaceutical companies
can spend more money on • Virgin America and Google
the R&D instead of spending recently hosted an online
on multiplying their IT puzzle challenge that allowed
infrastructures. However the travelers to participate in the
challenges of the data game using in-flight WiFi. The
governance and the promo was meant to
regulatory compliance issues demonstrate the ability to use
need to be answered before Google Apps documents and
they slow down the speed of e-mail not just on the ground,
clouds adoption. but in the air.

• Pathwork Diagnostics uses • Marketing firm Digitaria used

Univa UD's UniCloud and
Amazon EC2 for on-demand
high-performance computing.
Pathwork Diagnostics
develops molecular diagnostic
tests used by oncologists to
diagnose tumors, work that
requires analyzing libraries of
gene expression profiles.
Amazon's EC2 to launch a
global marketing campaign to
promote Hasbro's Monopoly
Here & Now, World Edition. A
Web site, created in 40
languages, let users vote on
cities to be included in the
game.

•
• Infosys is using Microsoft's
Windows Azure cloud

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