LESSON 9: PERSONAL INTELLIGENCE

Rembulat, Rentillo, Cipriano & Flores | Grade 11 – STEM 1

Adolescence
 Is a critical period in the development of
personal identity
 The time when young people establish a
sense of individuality and
connectedness.
The need to belong to a group of friends,
family and a partner is considered a basic
need among all people. Abraham Maslow
emphasized that if satisfied; this need helps
people grow into psychologically healthy
individuals. Researchers show that those
who are in relationships (friendship or
romantic) tend to be happier.
A study by Diener and Siegman (2002)
found out that the most relevant
characteristic common to students who
were happy and showed fewest signs of
depression, were strong relationships and
commitment to their family and friends.
Attraction
 Refers to anything that draws two or
more people together, making them
want to be together and possibly to form
a lasting relationship (Baumeister &
Bushman, 2011)
 Relationships start with the feeling of
being attracted to someone or a group
of people
Factors that lead to liking and loving
and forming relationships
1. Proximity
 Best predictor of liking and loving
 When people are geographically near
each other, they anticipate interaction
and this leads to the likelihood of
repeated exposure.
2. Mere Exposure
 the repeated exposure to an object or
person will more likely lead to positive
feeling.
3. Similarity
 The more similar in terms of beliefs and
attitudes a person is with another
person, the more he or she will like the
latter.
 Knowing that someone is like oneself
will lead to the tendency of also liking
that person. This tendency is called the
reciprocity-of-liking-effect.
4. Physical Attractiveness
 It can't be denied how important
physical attractiveness is in
relationships. Humans love staring at
beautiful people, objects, also referred
to as what is beautiful is good
stereotype.
 Good looks are a great asset (Myers,
2010).

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development

Virtue
Psychosocial Age range, other
(when crises Life Stage
Crisis descriptions
are resolved)
Trust vs. Mistrust Hope Infancy 0-1.5, baby, birth to walking
Autonomy vs.
Will Early Childhood 1-3, toddler, toilet training
Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose Play Age 3-6, pre-school, nursery
Industry vs.
Competence School Age 5-12, early school
Inferiority
 Identity vs. Role
Fidelity Adolescence 9-18, puberty, teens
Confusion
This is the stage where Senior High School students are.
For many, this is the time of identity confusion. They try out new things with or without
conscious thoughts. Adolescents go out more often with peer groups and are now interested in
the opposite sex. Delinquency and Rebellion sometimes occur at this stage, but this is only a
transition stage for most.
Resolving the crisis at this stage enables one to become a more mature individual, have a
reasonable sense of self, and gain more perspective. When trained differently, however, the
adolescent may become more self-conscious, and have more self-doubt and confusion.
Intimacy vs. 18-40, courting, early
Care Young Adult
Isolation parenthood
Generativity vs.
Love Adulthood 30-65, middle age, parenting
Stagnation
Integrity vs.
Wisdom Old Age 50+, old age, grandparents
Despair

Friendship, Attraction, Love,  in establishing personal individuality,

and Commitment
Friendship
 C. S. Lewis (2004) shares these
poignant thoughts on friendship in one
of his personal letters:
“Friendship is the greatest of worldly goods.
Certainly to me it is the chief happiness of
life. If I had to give a place to live, I think I
should say, ‘sacrifice almost everything to
live where you can be near your friends’.”
 The saying a friend in need is a friend
indeed summarizes the qualities of a
true friend.
Adolescence
 A crucial developmental period for
forming personal identity and the failure
to do so leads to role confusion (Feist &
Feist, 2008)
 During this period, the social world
of adolescents is not limited to school
and family but also to peer groups
they slowly separate from their parents
and create their own individuality
 maintain their “good girl- good boy”
image
 learn about the dynamics of social
relationships
 social relationships are of primary
importance for adolescents (Corey &
Corey, 2010)
 have a need to find meaning in life,
establish themselves in society, and
cope up with feelings of worthlessness
 a need to engage in critical thinking
 more likely influenced by peers
 experience confusion
 if they have very high levels of group
identification, they might abandon their
own beliefs and will develop a
dependent relationship with the group
The Italian writer, Luigi Pirandello, penned
down these thoughtful words,
“I present myself to you in a form suitable to
the relationship I wish to have with you.”

Adolescents

 become self-oriented and can

acknowledge more the thoughts and
feelings of others
 Are conflicted between choosing what
course to take in college, choosing their
peer groups, being in a relationship or
not, etc.
 easier for them to praise others than
criticize.

In a collectivist culture like the

Philippines, adolescents’ identity
formation is embedded within the context
of their groups. They have an
interdependent self that is intertwined with
others. Thus, concepts like relationships,
love and sexuality are considered to be of
primary importance not just to Filipino
adolescents but to the whole populations as
well.

One study found out that Filipino teens

learn about love and sexuality from their
Bem’s Self-Perception Theory
peers rather than from their parents (Irala et
 Daryl Bem, a social psychologist, al., 2009). Another survey, the Adult Fertility
experimented on how people develop and Sexuality Study of YAFS-II which
attitudes and opinions by observing includes data on dating, marriage, and start
their own behaviour and drawing of sexual activity showed that Filipino teens
conclusions from them. “tend to pass a continuum of increasing
 It states that one interprets his/her own commitment, usually leading to some form
actions in the same way that one of traditional or formally sanctioned
interprets other’s actions, and that marriage (Xenos, 1997).
one’s actions are more often influenced
Attraction
by others rather than by one’s own free
will.  Can be anything that a person finds
captivating from the opposite sex, or
People are usually aware of their own
same sex in these modern times
thoughts and emotions in their inner worlds.
 Modern science has proven that love
They usually engage in self-perception to
usually starts with physical attraction,
understand and infer about their own
though it is still difficult to prove that
emotions, attitudes and behaviours. It is
there are loves that happens at first
also observed, as Kurt Vonnegut puts it,
sight.
“We are what we pretend to be, so we must
be careful what we pretend to be” (as Romantic Love
quoted in Wilson, 2011).
 An intense state of longing for union
According to Charles H. Cooley,
with another person encompassing a
people’s perception of themselves is
distinct amalgamation of behaviours,
influenced by how they are perceived by
cognitions and emotions (Diamond &
others, a phenomenon he called looking-
Dickenson, 2012)
glass self.
At the turn of the century, Bartels & Zeki
However, studies show that people do
(2000) began an earnest study of romantic
not see themselves as they think others see
love. Recruiting participants who are in love,
them as espoused by George Herbert
they have used the various tools that can
Mead. So, people do not actually take the
look within the human brains without cutting
role of the other in constructing a sense of
them open: examples of these scientific
self. People are mostly unaware of what
tools include Positron Emission
other people really think of them. People’s
Tomography (PET),
concept of themselves is linked to how they
electroencephalogram (EEG) and
go about enhancing their self-image. It is
functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI).
 If one hasn’t experienced romantic love
before, expect it to be a state where one will
find a sense of euphoria, an extra source of
energy, hyperactivity for some, and for
others, sleeplessness and mood swings.
Strong empathy towards the loved one--
and a desire for emotional and physical
union-- are felt when one is in love. On the
other hand, physical separation induces
separation anxiety.
Commitment
 is when one promises a loved one that
he/she will not look at another person
the same way he/she does for him/her;
it means keeping that promise despite
temptations along the way.
 A word taken seriously by those who are
either in the state of love, or are very
responsible, or both.
 According to Scott Peck (The Road
Less Travelled) love is a commitment.
 Critical component in relationships
which is considered to be a foundation
of a loving relationship (Corey & Corey,
2010).
 The starting point for two people to
know where they are in the relationship.
 It also brings a sense of exclusivity that
allows both persons to devote
themselves to the relationship.
Types of Love
1. Passionate love
 An “intense longing for union with
another”
 This type of love is intense, emotional
and exciting
 David Myers described it as the type of
love one feels when his or her love is
reciprocated
 This intense form of love simmers down
through time
2. Companionate love
 Refers “to the love we feel for those
whom our lives are intertwined”
 The type of love one feels for friends,
family and a special someone
throughout the years
 This love is steady and involves
affectionate attachment
Robert Sternberg proposed the
Triangular Theory of Love where he
identified different kinds of love depending
on the components present namely,
intimacy, passion, and commitment.
For relationships to flourish there is a
need for consistency among cognitions
(one’s beliefs and ideas), emotions
(feelings), and behaviours (actions).
Inauthentic love
 Manifestation of unhealthy selfishness
 Views love as a way of satisfying only
their needs without being sensitive to
the needs of others
 Also can be relationships where a
partner fails to commit himself because
they are scared of taking risks.
Authentic love
 Allows both partners to grow and
enhance themselves.
 Accepts partners for who they are.
 Here, love gives room for imperfections.
Ways of Expressing Love to
People Significant in One’s Life
1. Be thankful
2. Accept differences between yourself
and others
3. Learn to communicate with other
persons involved in the relationship.
4. Through communication, you can
check out assumptions about your loved
ones rather than decide for them as to
how they should feel and think.
5. Be true to yourself and give up living
up to others’ expectation.