Upgrade2 Resources

Upgrade
Teacher’s Resource Book
2
Tests at two levels
Listening tests
Speaking tests
18 CLIL worksheets
Grammar practice at two levels
Vocabulary practice at two levels
Extra reading practice
Extra writing practice
Extra listening practice
Extra speaking practice
Answer keys for each section
All this material is also available in editable,
electronic Word files (Teacher’s Resource Multi-ROM).
Mike Sayer
Upgrade
2
Mike Sayer
Contents
Grammar and Vocabulary practice (Standard) 3
Grammar and Vocabulary practice (Plus) 29
Reading practice 55
Writing practice 61
Listening practice 69
Speaking practice 75
Language in context (CLIL) 85
Tests (Standard) 107
Tests (Plus) 139
Listening tests 183
Speaking tests 189
Start of year review (standard)
1 Circle the correct alternatives. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets.
1 Louise wear/wears jeans at the weekend.
2 Thomas doesn’t enjoy/enjoys cycling to school on 1 Jenny (lose) her purse yesterday.
cold days. 2 Amy (break) her leg badly in the
3 Where you do/do you live? bicycle accident.
4 I don’t/doesn’t have any money for new clothes. 3 Tim (give) my mum some flowers.
5 My brother watch/watches horror films on DVD 4 We (not know) what time it was.
every evening. 5 Sally (leave) at half past three.
6 Sam doesn’t wear/doesn’t wears school uniform 6 Dan (worry) about handing in his
at his school. homework late.
7 What time do/does it start? 7 I (not win) the match.
8 The children live/lives near the city centre. 8 We (see) a really interesting
programme on TV yesterday.
2 Write sentences in the present continuous using
the prompts. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
1 They / play tennis / at the moment.
1 Simone (walk) home from school
2 George / not live / with his parents. when it suddenly started to rain.
2 What (Susie / wear) when you saw
3 I / have lunch / in the city centre. her last Monday?
3 Josie was eating lunch when someone
4 Wendy and Jack / not wear / any shoes. (steal) her handbag.
4 (you / meet) Dan when he got off the
5 She / sit / over there. plane?
5 The sun was shining and the birds
6 We / not work / at the moment. (sing) in the trees as I cycled down the lane.
6 Penny (not kiss) Tom on their first
7 you / do your homework? date.
7 We (win) a hundred euros on last
8 Which game / she / play? week’s lottery.
6 Circle the correct alternatives.
9 I / not come / with you.
1 Danny used to play/had played the piano when he

was young, but he doesn’t play it anymore.
10 We / put up / shelves in the kitchen.
2 Wendy didn’t know/wasn’t knowing what time it

was when I asked her.
3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 3 I was cooking/had cooked lunch when you
sometimes always now often
never phoned.
4 When we were small children, we would get/had
1 Jennifer sets her alarm for seven got up really early at weekends.
o’clock on weekdays. She likes getting up early. 5 We saw/had seen a good film last night.
2 Pamela is walking over to your house . 6 Jo lost/was losing her tennis match when I left. I
She’ll be there in a minute. don’t know whether she won or lost in the end.
3 Dan visits us on his way home. He 7 How much did you understand/were you
comes once or twice a week. understanding of the play?
4 I eat meat. I’m a vegetarian. 8 Once, I broke/used to break my arm while playing
5 We go to the cinema on Fridays. In basketball for my school.
fact, I think we go on three Fridays every month.
Photocopiable Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class. 3
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 10 Circle the correct alternatives.
1 Sue likes listening to a/the radio.
1 Tim (just / ride) his bicycle across the 2 What do you usually do at a/the weekend?
Pyrenees. 3 Jo enjoys working as a/(–) doctor in a large hospital.
2 Louise (buy) some new shoes last 4 Could you bring me a/the glass of water, please?
weekend. 5 Amanda would like to study the/(–) chemistry at
3 Wendy (not eat) her breakfast yet. university.
That’s why she’s so hungry. 6 Do you think there used to be life on the/(–) moon?
4 Penny (already / visit) the most 7 It’s important to try to help animals survive in
interesting monuments. the/(–) wild.
5 I (get) home about five minutes ago. 8 I’ll be there in a/the minute.
6 How long (you / live) in this lovely old 9 We got up early in a/the morning.
house? 10 Would you like another cup of a/(–) coffee or tea?
7 He (own) a yacht for over 20 years.
8 Henrietta (not speak) to Carrie at last
11 Match the sentence halves.
night’s dance. A
9 (you / hear) the news? Sophie and Ian 1 Amanda doesn’t own a any new shoes.
are getting married. 2 Rebecca has bought b some trousers.
10 Paul and I (meet) for the first time B
many years ago.
3 Tim hasn’t got many c time.
8 Complete the table with comparatives and 4 Bob doesn’t have much d friends.
superlatives. C
adjective comparative superlative 5 I’ve learnt a few e German.

high higher 6 Sue speaks a little f words.
big the biggest 12 Complete the sentences with in, at or on.
busy the busiest
exciting more exciting 1 Jack lives France.
good the best 2 The film starts six o’clock.
bad worse 3 I spent the weekend home.
4 The bus is time.
9 Complete the sentences with words from 8.
5 It’s five o’clock the morning.
1 The Empire State Building in New York is one of 6 I put it the cupboard.
buildings in the USA. 7 My birthday is October.
2 The shopping centre is today than it 8 What was TV last night?
usually is on a Monday. 9 Claire was waiting the bus stop.
3 John’s grade in the test was than his 10
Sue lives the countryside.
sister’s. He got 40%. She got 63%.
13 Complete the table with subject, object and
4 Elephants are than rhinos. possessive pronouns.
5 Sally Jenkins won an award as young
actress in a comedy play in 2010. subject object possessive
pronoun pronoun pronoun
6 We went paragliding on holiday. It was fantastic! It’s
I me
sport I’ve ever tried.
yours
7 It was freezing and the wind was blowing and the he him
rain was falling! It was weather I’ve hers
ever experienced! it its
8 Monday is day of the week for me! I us
have so much to do then. them
4 Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class. Photocopiable
14 Complete the sentences with words from 13. 17 Put the words in the correct order.
1 Robert enjoys horror movies but I don’t like 1 published / Magazines / by / are / our company / .
very much. They’re too scary.
2 My two brothers are tall but aren’t well-built. 2 tomorrow / The / shown / be / will / documentary / .
3 Both these bags belong to us. And the backpack
over there is , too. 3 has / A / arrested / burglar / been / just / .
4 I’m sorry, but these shoes aren’t . I have a
black pair, not a brown pair. Do you think someone 4 in the 1970s / houses / Were / the / built / ?
has taken them by mistake?
5 Give the ticket. He loves opera so he’ll really 5 been / can’t / The / announced / winner / have /
appreciate a free ticket. yet / .
6 I’m sorry. I didn’t know it was . I wouldn’t
have used it if you’d said something earlier. 6 later / be / isn’t / allowed / James / going / into / to
/ the club / .
15 Correct the errors in the sentences.

1 Are they going see a movie?

2 What will she to say if Emma phones? 1 If you want to win, you have to/would have to
enter the competition first.
3 Who you are meeting tonight? 2 If she went/had gone to the party she would have
probably had a good time.
4 What will you buying Robert? 3 I don’t/won’t lend you any more money if you keep
spending it in the way you do.
5 He’s going to visit his aunt at the weekend? 4 We might go to the beach if it stays/stayed sunny.
5 If you had/you’d have more free time, would you
6 At this time tomorrow, I’ll sitting on a beach. take up a new hobby?
6 If Paul ate less food, he won’t/wouldn’t put on so
7 Barry is no going to wait. much weight.
7 If you were calling/had called, I would have come
8 Jenny won’t have eating before her friends arrive. and picked you up.
8 Where did you/would you work if you could
change your job?
16 Complete the sentences in reported speech.
19 Choose the best option to complete the sentences.
1 ‘We’re going to play tennis later,’ they told us.
They told us that they play tennis 1 We’ll watch TV you have a better idea.
later. a if b unless c than
2 ‘I rang Jill two days ago,’ he said. 2 I’ve been to Scotland. I went there last year.
He said that he Jill two days before. a ever b just c already
3 ‘How much money do you have?’ he asked. 3 We’ll leave Jack has put his coat on. So just
He asked me how much money I . wait a minute.
4 ‘She has broken her leg,’ he said. a before b as soon as c while
He said that she her leg. 4 Amy hasn’t tried windsurfing .
5 ‘Do you enjoy eating out?’ she asked. a yet b just c never
She asked if I eating out. 5 Tom was cooking lunch, I set the table.
6 ‘Tom isn’t doing anything at the moment,’ she said. a Yet b While c On
She said that Tom anything at that 6 I’ve worked here four months.
moment. a for b since c during
Grammar practice (standard) 1
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. the verbs in brackets.
1 We (see) the film yesterday. 1 Thomas (stay) at our house for three
2 When I got there, Peter (already / weeks now.
arrive). 2 When we arrived, Bill (already /
3 What time you (get up) leave). It was disappointing not to see him.
this morning? 3 Tim (work) at home that morning and
4 He (not read) that book yet, but he’s didn’t know anything about the fire that took place
going to read it soon. later in the day at his office.
5 We (not be) there long when Jill 4 How long the children
walked in. (watch) TV? It’s time they did something else.
6 I (not hear) of Peter Clark. Who is he? 5 I (visit) Paris twice in my life.
7 She (live) here since July. 6 We (sunbathe) on this beach all
8 Jack (arrive) at half past three. morning. It’s wonderful.
9 A hundred years ago, people (live) in
5 Write sentences using the prompts to make a
houses without heating or running water. dialogue.
10
I (just / make) some biscuits. Would
1 When / you first meet / Samantha?
you like to try one?

2 Match the sentence halves. 2 I / meet / her / in 2008.
A
1 I’ve played tennis a last weekend. 3 How long / she / work / as a journalist / before
2 I went swimming b twice this weekend. then?

B
4 She / already / work / as a journalist / for two years
3 He’s been watching TV c all afternoon.
/ when I / meet / her.
4 He’s phoned Cathy d twice today.

C
5 you / be / in touch / lately?
5 Joe left the office e before you called.

6 Susie had left f as soon as the
6 We / meet / last month / for a coffee.
meeting ended.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.
1 I’ve known/been knowing Paula for ages.
1 Rebecca hadn’t been to a zoo before.
2 Jack’s ears were cold because he had forgotten/

been forgetting his hat.
2 We’ve been working here all afternoon.
3 We have waited/been waiting for you for ages.

4 Tim has told/been telling that joke at least three
3 I haven’t had my lunch yet.
times.

5 I hadn’t had/been having my lunch so I felt very
4 Jim had been waiting for ages when we finally got
hungry.
there.
6 How long have you lived/been living in that old

house?
5 How long have you been studying English?

Vocabulary practice (standard) 1
1 Add a word from the box to each list. 5 Complete the sentences with the collocations in 4.
transition
debate gossip current affairs 1 The president held a to tell journalists
unprejudiced tabloid skim
journalist about the fight against crime.
2 The of Swedish history took place in
1 newspaper broadsheet
the 17th century, when the country had a powerful
2 change turning point
army.
3 impartial objective
3 There are many which may cause an
4 shock sensation
individual to become a criminal.
5 news documentary
4 I saw an interview with Brad Pitt on a .
6 editor reporter
5 A on the radio reported the terrible
7 analyse discuss
train crash that happened a few hours ago.
8 browse surf
6 I love . I can receive information and
2 Complete the sentences with words from 1. news updates wherever I am.
1 I like the analysis of my newspaper. It 6 Complete the definitions with the words in the box.
gives both sides of a story.
newsreader presenter editor journalist
2 Every morning, I the newspaper
chat show host producer
headlines to see if there is anything interesting to
read in more depth.
1 The person who decides what stories go in a
3 The discovery of the new world was a major
newspaper is called an .
in history.
2 The person who is in front of the camera on a TV
4 My brother spends a lot of time the
news programme and tells you the day’s news is
internet, looking for interesting websites.
the .
5 When the foreign minister had an affair with
3 Someone who writes articles in a newspaper is a
the defence minister’s wife, it caused a big
.
.
4 Someone who interviews celebrities on a TV
6 Serious newspapers are often called .
programme is a .
3 Circle the correct alternatives. 5 The person who is in charge of commissioning and
planning a TV programme is the .
1 Dan spends a lot of time skimming/surfing the
6 Someone who introduces documentaries, reality
internet.
TV programmes and other TV programmes is a
2 Some celebrities don’t like giving/making
.
interviews.
3 Robert never watches one programme for long. He 7 Read the sentences and choose the correct
prefers channel hopping/running. meaning.
4 Samantha turned/tuned in to her favourite radio 1 He stopped working and looked at the time.
programme. a He looked at the time after he had stopped
5 I hate the way tabloids dumb/dull down the news. working.
We’re not all stupid! b He looked at the time and then stopped working.
4 Match the words to make collocations. 2 We didn’t stop to have lunch until we had finished.
a We had lunch before we finished.
1 news a age
b We had lunch after we finished.
2 social b flash
3 She remembered to buy the milk.
3 press c alerts
a She remembered and then she bought the milk.
4 chat d factors
b She remembered after she had bought the milk.
5 golden e conference
4 He remembered seeing her there.
6 mobile phone f show
a He remembered and then saw her there.
b He remembered that he had seen her there.
1 Read the sentences and choose the correct 4 Circle the correct alternatives.
meaning.
1 Look outside! Everybody’s wearing T-shirts and
1 You can’t leave until the interval. It’s prohibited. sunglasses. It must/might be very warm.
a You mustn’t leave until the interval. 2 Emma looks pale today. She could/can be ill.
b You don’t have to leave until the interval. 3 We should enter the competition. You never know –
2 My sister has to work late on Fridays. It’s the rule. we might/must win.
a My sister must work late on Fridays. 4 It can’t/might not be Sue’s birthday today. I went
b My sister can work late on Fridays. to her birthday party last month!
3 You must wear a helmet on a motorbike. 5 Sally may/must win the race if she gives it a try.
a You have to wear a helmet on a motorbike. She has as much chance as everybody else.
b You should wear a helmet on a motorbike.
5 Complete the sentences with the modal verbs in
4 You don’t have to pay for the CD. It’s free.
the box.
a You mustn’t pay for the CD.
b You needn’t pay for the CD. must have to needn’t shouldn’t mustn’t
5 You ought to see the new James Bond film. It’s
great. 1 You drive on the left in Britain.
a You should see the new James Bond film. 2 They have taken the car without
b You need to see the new James Bond film. asking me. I was really angry about it.
6 We don’t have to go to school in the evenings. 3 Dan have bought me a stamp. I have
a We shouldn’t go to school in the evenings. at least ten of them in my bag.
b We needn’t go to school in the evenings. 4 You wear ordinary shoes in the sports
hall. It’s prohibited.
2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in the box. 5 Amy have eaten all the chocolates
has to should can’t
mustn’t needn’t because there aren’t any left in the box.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

1 I advise you to go home and rest. the words in brackets.
You .
1 She (must / know) we were coming.
2 We aren’t allowed to leave early.
2 They (may / leave) hours ago. I
We .
haven’t seen them for ages.
3 It isn’t necessary to bring your own tennis balls.
3 Susie (can’t / hear) last night’s storm.
You .
She slept all the way through it.
4 The children aren’t permitted to ride their bicycles
4 Tim didn’t get back until late last night. He
in the street.
(might / get) lost.
They .
5 We had a good chance. We (could /
5 Sue is obliged to wear a helmet when she’s on the
win) the race.
building site.
Sue . 7 Translate the sentences into your own language.
3 Match the sentence halves. 1 Andy may have been there before.

1 It’s still light outside so …
2 Tina doesn’t have to work there anymore.
2 It’s dark and the church clock has just

struck 12 so …
3 You ought to help your dad in the garden.
3 I’m really tired and I want to go to bed so …

a it might be midnight. 4 Rebecca needn’t have spent all that money on
b it can’t be midnight. flowers.
c it must be midnight.
5 You can’t walk on the grass.

1 Match the definitions to the crimes. 4 Complete the text with the words in the box.
1 burgle a take someone and ask for jury fine statement court judge sentence

2 murder money victim misdemeanour defendant witnesses
3 mug b take something from

4 kidnap someone in the street In a criminal case, there is a (1)
5 steal c take things from a house who hears the case and a (2) of
6 rob d take things that don’t belong 12 people who have to decide on whether
to you the (3) – the person on trial in
e kill someone (4) – is guilty or not. The judge
f take something from a bank calls various (5) to speak. These
are people who saw the crime take place.
2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Sometimes, the (6) – the person
culprit suspect witness juror verdict bailiff
who was mugged or attacked – is questioned
offender or makes a (7) . At the end, if
guilty, the person in the dock is given a
(8) . This could be time in prison
1 Sophie was a in a criminal case. She
if the crime is serious or just a (9)
had seen the crime take place.
of a few hundred euros if it is a minor
2 It took the jury nearly two days to reach a
(10) .
.
3 The is a court official who organizes
the proceedings. 5 Match the words to make compound adjectives.
4 The police caught the in a small side 1 hard- a minded
street. He was still holding the bag he had stolen. 2 single- b spoken
5 The police have a in custody. They 3 cold- c hearted
aren’t sure she committed the crime but they think 4 cool- d hitting
she did and they are going to charge her. 5 plain- e spirited
6 The was on trial in court. He stood in 6 public- f headed
the dock and answered questions about the crime.
6 Complete the sentences with the compound
7 Last week, Fiona was a in court. She
adjectives in 5.
sat with 11 other people and had to decide whether
someone was guilty or not. 1 Jenny is extremely . She never gives
up on trying to achieve her goal.
2 It was a shocking and documentary
1 We are certain about/over the whereabouts of the about child labourers in India.
criminal gang. 3 Donald is a guy. He says exactly what
2 Jenny was very polite to/at the new clients. he thinks, even if people don’t like to hear it.
3 I’m jealous about/of Susie because she got better 4 Zoe did a very act. She gave the
marks than me in the exam. money she had raised to the appeal to build a new
4 Andy was late of/for school this morning. village hall.
5 Sandy was guilty of/for vandalising one of the 5 I think Sam is . He has no feelings or
classroom walls. sympathy for anyone.
6 I’m excited about/over going away next weekend. 6 Paul is under pressure. He’s always
7 In my opinion, this book isn’t suitable from/for very calm.
young children.
7 Circle the odd one out.
8 I didn’t know that Emily was capable of/at running
so fast. 1 burgle robber mug
2 crime offender misdemeanour
3 culprit suspect victim
4 sentence arrest fine
Grammar practice (standard) 1–2
1 Correct the errors in the sentences. 4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
1 We’ve been waited here since half past two. have had been did

2 I haven’t played hockey before last Tuesday. 1 You didn’t to wash up but thanks for
doing it anyway.
3 You mustn’t make a donation but you can if you’d 2 Amy shouldn’t thrown away all the
like to. old newspapers. It was the wrong thing to do.
3 How many photos you take on your
4 They should helped Tina with the washing up last holidays?
night. 4 I’ve this hat for years.
5 Have they windsurfing yet?
5 How many times have you been breaking your arm? 6 Andy must have at the wedding. He
was the bride’s brother.
7 Tom found his key so he could get
into his house.
1 I knew/have known/have been knowing Ben for 8 Where you been swimming?
years. He’s my best friend.
2 He was really full because he ate/had eaten/had
been eating three huge sandwiches. 1 How long French?
3 Ivan lives/is living/has lived in this apartment for a they have studied b have they studied
two years. He likes it here. 2 How many times a famous person?
4 Jenny left/has left/has been leaving work three a has she met b has she been meeting
hours ago. 3 Jennifer do sport until her knee is OK.
5 My advice is that you have to/must/ought to write Doing sport will damage it.
Joan a letter. But you decide what to do. a mustn’t b doesn’t have to
6 The evidence is clear. Amy Simms must/may/ 4 You be more careful with that.
could be the murderer because she is the only a should b ought
person who had the key to the victim’s room. 5 Penny wear red – it doesn’t suit her.
7 You needn’t/mustn’t/couldn’t have driven all this a needn’t b shouldn’t
way to see me. Why didn’t you just phone? 6 I Sue for years.
8 You should have invited/be invited/have inviting a have known b have been knowing
Amanda to the party. She’ll be upset.
3 Look at the answers and complete the questions 1 How long have they been playing computer
with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
games?
1 How long she (stay) at
that hotel? 2 I had never seen the film before yesterday.
About two weeks. She leaves on Friday.
2 What Tamsin (just / eat) 3 We should speak to Graham.
before you met her?
Oh, a hamburger, I think. 4 Joe doesn’t have to wash the dishes.
3 How many people you
(invite) to your birthday party? 5 John could have won the competition.
Oh, 50 so far. It’ll be great.
4 they (wait) long?
About an hour. They look tired and miserable.
5 What time you (get) to
school this morning?
Half past seven.
Vocabulary practice (standard) 1–2
1 Add a word from the box to each list. 5 Write words from the box for the descriptions.
witness defendant newsreader
juror plain-spoken hard-hitting public-spirited
journalist mugger cold-hearted single-minded cool-headed
1 editor reporter
1 Henry says exactly what he thinks.
2 culprit suspect
2 This report is very critical of the government.
3 presenter chat show host
4 bailiff judge
3 Amy has no feelings.
5 victim passer-by
4 Amanda likes to help people in the community.
6 kidnapper burglar
2 Write words from 1 for the descriptions. 5 Jo is ambitious and knows what she wants.
1 In court, this person is on trial and will be found

6 Simon is calm even when things are difficult.
guilty or not guilty of a crime.
2 A person who interviews celebrities on TV.
6 Choose the correct synonyms for the words in
3 The police think this person has committed a crime. bold.
1 I enjoy browsing the newspapers on a Sunday

4 Someone who attacks and robs people in the morning.
streets. a looking through slowly b reading in detail
5 Someone who has seen a crime. 2 My newspaper has a very objective point of view.
6 A person who has been harmed by a criminal. a biased b impartial
3 We heard about it in a news flash.
3 Circle the correct alternatives. a a regular daily news programme

b a news bulletin for important breaking news
1 This morning, two thieves stole/robbed a jeweller’s
4 I get a tabloid every day.
shop in the High Street.
a a broadsheet newspaper
2 Some celebrities refuse to give/make interviews
b a sensationalist paper
unless they have something to promote.
5 It was a golden age of British politics.
3 I hate the way that the broadcast media is fooling/
a a successful period b a dangerous era
dumbing down the news these days.
4 Tune/Turn in to the sports news every Saturday 7 Complete the sentences with the infinitive or
gerund form of the verbs in brackets.
afternoon on FAB FM!
5 Paula is always channel jumping/hopping. She 1 Will you remember (buy) the
never watches one programme for more than five newspaper, please?
minutes. 2 I forgot (tell) you that I watched your
programme yesterday. I really liked it.
4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
3 People stopped (use) typewriters
of about for to when computers were invented.
4 I clearly remember (meet) you for the
1 Are you aware the warning signs the first time. It was such a funny coincidence.
council has put up near the river? 5 I didn’t stop (call) because we were in
2 We’re angry losing the match. We a hurry.
should have played better. 6 I don’t remember (lock) the door. So,
3 Are you ready the weekend? it might be open. I’ll have to check.
4 Andy is sensitive sunlight. His skin
goes very red if he isn’t careful.
5 Is this DVD suitable people under 16?
1 Circle the correct alternatives. 4 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways
beginning as shown.
1 A new form of treatment is tested/is being tested
by scientists. 1 A medical magazine says that the number of cases
2 No major company has cloned/has been cloned a of flu is rising.
human being yet. It .
3 The plane invented/was invented by two The number of cases of flu
American brothers. .
4 She must have given/must have been given the 2 Many people think that genetics is a fascinating
wrong medicine. That’s why she looks so ill. subject.
5 Nobody had carried/had been carried out such a It .
complicated operation before. Genetics .
6 The students were telling/were being told to 3 Some say that an age of great scientific discoveries
evacuate the building when we got there. has just started.
7 The hotel will have been served/have served It .
dinner by now. We’ve missed it. An age of great scientific discoveries
.
2 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form. Omit
4 Some people say that a cure for the common cold
the agent where possible.
isn’t necessary.
1 Researchers have discovered a new cure for It .
cancer. A cure for the common cold
.
2 Someone must clean all the equipment after every
5 Put the words in the correct order.
experiment.
1 out / a / tooth / yesterday / I / had / taken / .
3 Someone is showing the researchers around the
lab. 2 trimmed / get / you / beard / your / did / Where / ?

4 The athlete recently broke the world record for the 3 We / had / renovated / in March / the kitchen / .
800 metres.
4 having / pierced / I’m / my nose / tomorrow / .
5 Doctor Smith is treating one of his elderly patients
for arthritis. 5 going to / Rebecca / her / tested / eyes / is / get / .

6 they / fixed / get / Will / bikes / today / their / ?
3 Correct the errors in the sentences.

1 The war against disease is fighting right now by the
medical profession.
1 Research into the genome is being carried out.
2 Tickets can purchased on the door every evening.
2 Cancer hasn’t been cured yet.
3 The children were be told off when we arrived.
3 The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham
4 Josephine should have promoted by now. Bell.

5 The match has being cancelled because of the bad 4 She must have gone to hospital.
weather.
5 Joe had his hair cut yesterday.

1 Match the verbs to their definitions. 4 Write the adjective form of the words. Use the
suffixes -able or -ful.
1 suffer a say what the illness is
2 recover b say which medicine to take 1 cure 4 predict
3 diagnose c feel a lot of pain 2 pain 5 harm
4 reject d use medicine to cure 3 hope 6 avoid
5 prescribe e move an organ from one body 5 Write the antonym of the words in 4. Use prefixes
6 transplant to another or suffixes.
7 treat f cure an illness or wound
1 4
g the body says no to a transplant
2 5
2 Circle the correct alternatives. 3 6
1 These beefburgers sound/taste good. They’re 6 Complete the sentences with adjectives from
delicious. 4 and 5.
2 Thomas felt/had food poisoning, so they called the 1 It’s important to clean things carefully to get rid of
doctor. bacteria.
3 I’m worried about the side lines/effects of the 2 Andy is that he might win at tennis.
drugs I’m taking. He is better than his opponent and playing well.
4 Getting old is inavoidable/unavoidable. 3 Nowadays, having a filling at the dentist’s is
5 Our respiratory system/control is what allows us . It doesn’t hurt at all.
to breathe. 4 Amy’s win was . Everybody thought
6 Our noses allow us to smell/taste things. she was going to lose.
7 Our bodies are able to remake/regenerate tissue. 5 A lot of accidents are . People just
That’s why cuts and scars heal. need to be more careful.
8 I feel/have a bit dizzy. I think I’ll sit down for a 6 Despite advances in modern medicine, some
moment. diseases are still these days.
9 Only doctors can prescribe/diagnose some drugs.
You can’t just buy them at the chemist’s. 7 Circle the correct alternatives.
1 Wendy passed out/off during the maths lesson.

3 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the
verbs in the box. 2 It takes a long time to get under/over such a
serious illness.
get feel pick have fight prescribe
look
3 I think I might have picked on/up a bit of a cold.
Doctor What are your symptoms? 4 Sandra didn’t come round/past until almost an
Susan Well, I (1) a fever and hour after the operation.
I (2) dizzy. I also 5 Antibodies fight off/at disease.
(3) a terrible headache and 6 The nurses looked after/through me very well
I (4) nauseous. when I was in hospital.
Doctor
Oh dear. You’ve (5) up a nasty 8 Choose the best option to complete the sentences.
bug. You should (6) better
1 Ruth had a bad so she drank a lemon
soon if you take this medicine that I’m going
and honey drink.
to (7) for you.
a cough b dizzy c sick
Susan Can
I go to school?
2 Cells that are diseased are .
Doctor No. Your body needs to (8) off
a prescriptive b regenerative c malignant
the illness, so you must take it easy and (9)
3 A noun that means the same as ‘cures’ is .
after yourself. That way you’ll
a heals b remedies c prescriptions
(10) over the illness in a couple
4 The part of the body that joins your leg to your
of days.
body is your .
Susan OK. Thanks, doctor.
a hip b organ c nauseous
1 Circle the correct alternatives. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
1 If somebody finds/will find a wallet in here, will you
tell them that it’s probably mine? 1 Claire (pass) her driving test if she
2 We didn’t shop/wouldn’t shop online if there were hadn’t driven into a wall.
any good high-street shops in our city. 2 We would have come if you (invite)
3 Where did you go/would you go if you could go us.
anywhere in the world? 3 If he (lose), he would have felt
4 If you spent/would spend more time studying disappointed.
you’d do better at school. 4 If the weather hadn’t been so horrible, we
5 What does he buy/will he buy if he goes to the (not stay) inside all day.
electronics shop today? 5 We would have won if Tom (not play)
6 If you see/will see Karen, will you ask her to come so badly.
round for coffee? 5 Circle the correct alternatives.
7 I didn’t go/wouldn’t go out in this weather if you
1 I don’t like you very much, and I wouldn’t help you
gave me a thousand euros.
even if/provided that you paid me!
2 Read the situations and choose the best response. 2 I’m broke. I can’t go shopping if/unless you lend
1 You’re in Jenny’s class. Can you tell her about the me some money.
party? 3 As long as/Unless you keep your part-time job,
a Sure. If I saw her, I’d tell her. you’ll save enough money for the holiday.
b Sure. If I see her, I’ll tell her. 4 As long as/Even if Joe finds a second-hand guitar
2 Look! There’s the bus. online, he still won’t be able to afford it.
a I know. Come on! We’ll catch it if you hurry up. 5 The customer would have had access to his bank
b I know. Come on! We’d catch it if you hurried up. account, unless/provided that he had filled in both
3 Paul’s lost his job and has no money. forms correctly.
a Oh dear. If he has some money, he can go 6 If/Unless you have the right pin code, your card
shopping. won’t work.
b Oh dear. If he had some money, he could go 6 Write sentences for each situation.
shopping.
1 I have to wash the dishes.
4 I’ve broken my leg and can’t take part in the
I wish .
athletics tournament.
2 I missed the football match on TV last night.
a What a shame. You’ll win if you take part.
If only .
b What a shame. You’d win if you took part.
3 Sue didn’t buy the tickets for the concert.
3 Put the words in the correct order to make third If only .
conditional sentences.
4 I left my new coat outside in the rain.
1 read / book / loved / Josie / would / had / it / she / I wish .
have / the / If
If Josie .
2 had / Jerry / if / left / wouldn’t / he / have / train / on 1 What will you say if June asks about the mess in
time / missed / the the kitchen?
Jerry .
3 Tom / won / the / competition / prize / might / he / 2 Harry wouldn’t have left early if he had known
had / have / the / entered / If about the food.
If Tom .
4 If / map / have / he / Jack / hostel / would / hadn’t / 3 I would buy a new phone if I were you.
his / found / lost / the
If Jack . 4 I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise.

1 Match the words to the definitions. 4 Complete the sentences with the prepositions in
the box.
1 afford a good value to buy
2 purchase b have enough money to buy off
on
back
up
out away
3 bargain c argue about the price
d the value of products sold by 1 I recently cleared the cupboards
4 discount
a business upstairs. They are all empty now.
5 haggle
e look at all the things on sale 2 The shopkeeper charged me far too much for this. I
6 browse
f buy and use products think he ripped me .
7 consume
g buy 3 We have signed two new members of
8 cash
9 demand h a reduction in price the dance club.
i the amount of a product that 4 I took the shirt to the shop because it
10 turnover
customers want was the wrong size.
j money in notes and coins 5 I told Lucy that the job had very long hours. I think I
put her applying for it.
2 Complete the sentences with words from 1. 6 We mustn’t use all our natural
1 There isn’t any for warm gloves in resources.
summer. I don’t think we should try to sell them. 7 Could you pass this letter to Sue?
2 We spent thousands but sold a lot of products, so Matt asked me to make sure Sue got it.
the of the company this year was 8 Amanda gave all her old unwanted
high. dolls to the charity shop.
3 I often go window-shopping and
5 Make nouns from the words in the box. Then write
among the clothes for sale without buying anything. them in the correct column.
4 Amy likes to with salesmen in the
depend professional
consumer popular attract
market to try to buy things more cheaply.
rigid
press depart appear environmental
5 This laptop is slightly damaged but I’ll buy it if you
give me a 10% – that’s €90 not €100. -ism 1 2
6 I have a credit card but no , and this 3
shop will only accept notes and coins. -ance/-ence 4 5
7 I can’t to buy this pullover. It’s too -ure 6 7
expensive. -ity 8 9
3 Circle the correct alternatives. -ion 10
1 Can I borrow/lend €50 from you? I’ll pay you back 6 Complete the sentences with words from 5.
tomorrow. 1 There is a lot of in today’s society. We
2 How much money did you spend/buy on rides at all shop and buy things all the time.
the fair last weekend? 2 My sister put me under a lot of to
3 The shop went bankrupt because the running come to the party. It wasn’t easy to refuse.
costs/spends were too high. 3 Sandy is interested in . She’d like to
4 I don’t have much money so I’m a window work in a job that involves looking after nature.
shopper/seller at the moment. 4 I was surprised by the of Ian’s
5 Felicity’s new job pays her a very good cash/wage. position. He completely refused to compromise.
6 We didn’t buy any new furniture. We got it all at a 5 The of the last train meant that we
second-hand/bargain shop. couldn’t get home that night.
7 We got a bargain in the January sales/sells – 6 Millions of people love reality TV programmes.
everything in the shops was so much cheaper! Their is much greater than that of
8 There are two customers/clients waiting in the documentaries.
shop. Can you go and serve them, please? 7 In the past, athletes were amateurs, but today there
is a lot more in sport.
1 Correct the errors in the sentences. 3 Circle the correct alternatives.
1 Sally is been examined right now. 1 What time did they wake/have they woken up?
2 This was Wendy’s first day skiing and she had
2 Giant pandas are said to being on the edge of fallen/had been falling over twice.
extinction. 3 Swimmers needn’t/mustn’t wear goggles but it’s a
good idea.
3 Jack had repaired his car by a professional 4 You should/ought learn how to play the piano.
mechanic. 5 The telephone was invented/had invented over a
hundred years ago.
4 What you would have done if Sam had been late? 6 Lou has had repaired his phone/his phone
repaired.
5 If she’ll help, we’ll get it done much quicker. 7 If everybody helps/helped, we’ll finish clearing up
much quicker.
6 If I were you, I’ll join a gym. 8 Joe would come/would have come if you’d asked
him.
7 I wish I have more money these days.

8 Sue’s been knowing Joe all her life. 1 It is said that all the oil up before 1989.
a had used b had been used
9 I’m not able to finish the job unless you help me. 2 Most of the food was away when I
got there.
10 Tom must got home by now. a giving b being given
3 Do you think Sheila told by her boss
why she didn’t get promoted?
a has b was
4 This century an age of great
1 How long she (do) her technological progress.
homework? a is said to be b is said for being
Oh, for about two hours and she hasn’t finished. 5 Jack by the police.
2 What Ben (just / make) a was following b was being followed
before you called him? 6 Simon has just .
Oh, a cake, I think. a had cleaned his car b had his car cleaned
3 How much money you 7 Louise the job because she did so
(earn) in your part-time job so far? well at her interview.
Oh, about four hundred euros. a gave b was given
4 You should (invite) to last Saturday’s
special concert. I’ll make sure you get a ticket next
time. 1 How long have you been playing that computer
5 Who the book (write) game?
by?
Arthur Conan Doyle, I think. I enjoyed reading it. 2 Tina may have lost her handbag.
6 How many films (release) in
Bollywood every year? 3 She is being told about the trip.
Hundreds, I think.
7 If she (buy) a bike, she would have 4 It is said to be the best film ever made.
been able to cycle to school today.
8 What you (do) if you 5 John could have won the competition.
can’t find your key?
1 Add a word from the box to each list. 4 Circle the correct alternatives.
verdict purchase prescribe bargain bulletin 1 Jack bought the TV second-hand/sight.

juror nauseous borrow broadsheet smell 2 I can’t afford/discount to buy the dress. It’s too
turnover cure
expensive.
3 It’s an incureless/incurable disease. She will
1 newspaper tabloid
probably die from it.
2 alert flash
4 Tim is suffering from a really bad headhurt/
3 statement sentence
headache.
4 diagnose operate
5 His body regenerated/rejected the organ. It would
5 judge bailiff
not accept it.
6 taste sound
6 I’m excited about/from going back to school.
7 sales discount
7 I don’t think Jim is capable for/of swimming.
8 dizzy sick
9 consume haggle 5 Complete the phrasal verbs with words from the
10
get over
heal
box.
11
profit
running costs
back off up
on
out away down
round
12
lend
save

1 Tabloids dumb the news so that it is
2 Complete the words with the correct suffixes.
simplistic and uninformative.
1 I’m shocked by the sensational that you find 2 We shouldn’t use all our oil.
in some tabloid articles. 3 The shopkeeper ripped me . She
2 The defend in a criminal case is on trial and charged me far too much for this phone.
often has to appear in the dock. 4 Our bodies can fight most diseases.
3 Take this prescrip to the chemist’s. They will 5 Larry gave his CD player because he
give you the medicine you need. didn’t need it anymore.
4 Now that he’s had his operation, I hope Paul’s 6 We have signed ten new members.
recover doesn’t take too long. 7 Can you help me clear the cellar? I
5 There is a lot of press on young people to do want to get rid of all the old things down there.
well in their exams. 8 He has just come after his operation.
6 Graham has food poison . He must have 9 I think I’ve picked a cold.
eaten badly cooked meat. 10
Susie passed because it was too hot.
7 I don’t mind which one you buy. I have no particular
6 Choose the correct word to complete the
prefer .
sentences.
8 I admire Lucy’s professional . She is very
thorough in her work. 1 Gary wasn’t aware the new law.
9 Thanks to the generos of the parents’ a of b about c over
committee, this year’s play will take place. 2 Are you ready your holidays?
10 The roller-coaster ride is a great attract at the a of b for c to
theme park. 3 I a bit dizzy.
a make b have c feel
3 Match the words to make compound adjectives.
4 What are the effects of this drug?
1 hard- a spoken a over b side c extra
2 plain- b spirited 5 Can I some money from you until the
3 cold- c hitting weekend?
4 single- d minded a borrow b save c lend
5 public- e hearted
1 Rewrite the statements in reported speech. 4 Rewrite the reported commands, requests and
suggestions in reported speech. Use the prompts
1 ‘I don’t like watching horror films.’ in brackets.
She said .
1 ‘Can you close the door?’ (Dan / ask / Denise)
2 ‘I’m going to make a phone call.’

He told me .
2 ‘Let’s have a party!’ (Rachel / suggest)
3 ‘Louise hasn’t eaten her lunch yet.’

They told me .
3 ‘Don’t be late!’ (Samantha / tell / the students)
4 ‘We weren’t playing cards.’

They said .
4 ‘Help with the washing up.’ (Joe / ask / me)
5 ‘Tom is doing a test.’

He told us .
5 ‘Why don’t we rent a DVD?’ (Harry / suggest)
6 ‘We’ll finish it later.’

They said they .
6 ‘Wake up!’ (My mum / tell / the twins)
7 ‘We must go and see the James Bond film.’

She said they .
8 ‘I can’t decide what to wear.’ 5 Rewrite the sentences using the verbs in brackets.
She said she .
1 ‘Don’t go near the edge of the lake,’ Ian said to the
2 Complete the reported statements with the correct children. (warn)
words.
1 ‘I don’t like this food at all.’ 2 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to bring anything to drink,’ said
Penny said didn’t like Diane. (apologize)
food at all.
2 ‘We played tennis here last week.’ 3 ‘You should join a gym,’ Jerry told me. (advise)
Adam and Joe said had played tennis
the week . 4 ‘I never get to school on time,’ said Fiona. (admit)
3 ‘I lost my wallet yesterday.’
Alicia said had lost 5 ‘I’ll meet you there at nine,’ said Tim. (agree)
wallet the day .
4 ‘I’m visiting my grandparents next week.’ 6 ‘I won’t lend you my pen,’ said Jo. (refuse)
Rosa said was visiting
grandparents the week. 6 Translate the sentences into your own language.
5 ‘We are having dinner here tonight.’
1 Richard told them he had been there the day
The twins said were having dinner
before.
night.

3 Rewrite the questions in reported speech. 2 Joe said he would ring me the following morning.
1 ‘What were you doing last night?’
He asked me . 3 Andy asked where we had left the umbrella.
2 ‘When did you last have lunch with us here?’
She asked me . 4 Dave suggested writing a letter.
3 ‘Can you swim?’
She asked him . 5 Harry warned me to be more careful.
4 ‘How long have you lived here?’
She asked me .
5 ‘Did Joe win the match?’
He asked me .
1 Match the words to make compound nouns. 4 Add the prefixes in the box to each pair of words.
1 back a seer inter- extra- over- under- re- multi-

2 sight b maker
3 guide c bag 1 action -continental
4 travel d book 2 sleep spend
5 air e packer 3 -curricular -terrestrial
6 holiday f fare 4 claim -visit
7 exchange g side 5 -task lingual
8 sea h agent 6 estimate statement
9 sun i rate
5 Write a word from 4 for each sentence.
10 sleeping j cream
1 William speaks at least seven languages.
2 Complete the sentences with the words from 1.
1 I like going to the every summer – the 2 You can have violin lessons but not as part of the
sea, the sand, ice cream and cafés – I love it! normal school timetable.
2 We booked our holiday through a very good 3 Sally saw aliens from another planet in the garden.
who organized everything.
3 Jim is a – he’s travelling round South 4 This company has flights that go from Asia to
America, staying in hostels and living on very little. Europe.
4 I want to change my euros into dollars. What’s the 5 Jack said that Einstein was quite clever.
current ?
5 Last night, I slept in my in a tent. It 6 Wendy only had £100 in her bank account but
was warm and cosy but the ground was a bit hard. she used her card to buy £200 worth of clothes.
6 This morning, I was a in Oxford. I
visited the castle and saw some of the old colleges. 7 We went to Corfu again for our holidays because
7 If you open the on page eight, you’ll we like it so much.
see a list of places to stay and things to do.
6 Choose the correct answers.
8 I’d like to fly to New York. How much is the return
? 1 What do you call a piece of writing that imitates
9 You should always put on when you and laughs at something?
sit in the sun for a long time. a a parody b a travelogue c a chronicle
10
I’m a . I’m on a package tour, staying 2 What’s another way of saying you have reserved a
in a guesthouse near the beach. room in a hotel?
a served b booked c written
3 Circle the correct alternatives. 3 What do you call it when two young people
1 I find it difficult to choose between/over a beach change places and spend holidays in each other’s
holiday or a walking holiday. countries?
2 I hate queuing after/for tickets. a a cross-country trip b a change trip
3 Are you worried about/of missing the plane? c an exchange trip
4 Dan and Emma set off/for on holiday at eight 4 What’s another word for rent?
o’clock this morning. They’ll be in Greece by now. a spend b hire c loan
5 My grandmother has a bad leg and finds it difficult 5 What do you call a company that has planes and
to get off/out the bus. flies holidaymakers to different countries?
6 I have plenty of money. I’ll pay for/from my own a airline b airfare c airway
ticket. 6 What do call it when you feel horrible on a flight?
7 Fiona is always complaining over/about my a travel illness b travel badness
cooking. c travel sickness
8 We learned about/off the Romans at school today.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct relative 4 Read the relative clauses and write ‘defining’ or
pronouns. ‘non-defining’. Add commas where necessary.
1 A careers advisor is someone helps 1 The man who has just moved in next door is a
people find a job. famous poet.
2 I live in a city there is a lot of 2 The Pyrenees which divide Spain from France
unemployment. are a popular tourist destination in the summer.
3 My new job is in a company is very
friendly. 3 My sister who you met once came over for the
4 Have you spoken to the employees weekend.
boss won the lottery? 4 The nature reserve where I worked last summer has
5 I can imagine a time everybody will just closed down.
need to speak English to get a job.
5 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. Use
6 Medicine is a career interests me. commas if necessary.
7 Mandy is a hard-working young sales rep
1 I once visited Cambodia for my holidays. It is an
deserves her promotion.
amazing country.
8 Is this the place I left my shoes?

2 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. 2 The park is a very calm and tranquil place. We
1 Penny lives in a small house. It doesn’t have a sometimes go for a picnic.
garden.
3 Paris is the capital of France. It is situated in the
2 I remember a sunny day. We all went for a picnic in north of the country.
the park then.
4 An old friend has just moved into our apartment
3 John works in a factory. They make cars there. block. His brother runs the local newsagent’s.

4 I have an uncle. His company is one of the world’s 6 Rewrite the informal sentences as formal
leading computer manufacturers. sentences.

1 I remember the charitable trust I once worked for.
5 Caroline is a hard-working law student. She hopes

to get a job in a major New York law firm.
2 There’s the businessman I was telling you about.

3 Circle the relative pronouns that can be omitted 3 Could you tell who I’m speaking to?
from the sentences.
1 Jake is a friendly guy who I worked with during the 4 There are many things I’m interested in.
summer holidays.
2 I used to work for a company which paid far more 7 Translate the sentences into your own language.
than the company I’m working for now.
1 Everybody who came really enjoyed the show.
3 It was one of the most interesting talks that I had

ever been to.
2 Have you met the girl I’m going to get married to
4 Penny was the girl whose parents had been
next summer?
involved in that plane crash.

5 Tim makes model boats which can be bought in
3 Is this the music he was listening to?
some of the shops down by the harbour.

6 Amanda is a lovely person that all my friends really
4 My mother, who is a leading neurosurgeon, works
get on with.
in one of the country’s largest hospitals.
7 I spoke to one of the people who worked in the

shop and he said that it was a great place to work.
1 Match the words with their opposites. 4 Circle the adjective that describes a negative
quality in each list.
1 weakness a initiative
2 dishonesty b willing 1 efficient practical dishonest
3 reluctant c disorganized 2 outgoing apathetic willing
4 apathy d strength 3 indecisive intuitive orderly
5 methodical e integrity 4 adaptable weak methodical
6 spontaneous f indecisive 5 disorganized spontaneous honest
2 Complete the sentences with words from 1. 5 Write adjectives from the box for the job
descriptions.
1 Jed is a very person. He does things
adaptable efficient analytical emotional
quickly without wasting any time.
outgoing practical intuitive
2 Lying and cheating and any other form of
are things I really can’t stand.
1 We are seeking someone who arrives on time, does
3 Amanda has shown a lot of in her job.
the job well without mistakes, and can work without
She has started new schemes and contacted new
needing lots of help.
clients.
2 A friendly, extrovert person required who is good at
4 At first, a lot of people were to help,
meeting and getting on with people.
due to bad weather. Hardly anyone volunteered.
3 We are looking for someone who is good with their
5 Antony is very in his planning. He
hands, and good at repairing and making things.
makes sure everything is organized in advance.
6 Amy showed a lot of when she
4 Our company seeks someone who enjoys change,
admitted she was wrong and promised to do better
and likes working in different and challenging
in future.
situations.
7 Simon was a volunteer. He really
5 We seek a person who is good at working with
wanted to help.
numbers, statistics and data, and good at drawing
3 Circle the correct alternatives. conclusions.
6 This job would suit someone who isn’t afraid to
1 Mary always goes with the flow/stream. She does
show their feelings, to cry, to sympathize, to share
what everyone else wants to do.
with others.
2 We went on a day travel/trip to Brighton. It is a
7 We seek someone who is good at working
really interesting town.
out solutions and understanding problems.
3 Amy can be a very sensitive/sensible girl. She
gets hurt easily if people talk about her.
4 I don’t understand Adam. I don’t know what does/ 6 Circle the correct alternatives.
makes him tick.
1 I’ll deal with/of the rest of the customers. You can
5 Olive has completed her course at university and
go for lunch.
has got a degree/career in chemistry.
2 You should work hard at school in order to get on/
6 I don’t expect/hope Jim to win the race because
for in life.
there are better athletes than him competing.
3 If you don’t study and pass your exams, you’ll end
7 Some companies do psychopathic/psychometric
on/up in a boring job.
tests to see if a candidate is suitable for one of their
4 Sometimes it’s difficult to put over/up with
jobs.
flatmates who don’t do any tidying up.
8 How much does Rachel win/earn every year in her
5 The company has taken on/at six new employees
job?
this January.
9 We missed/lost the bus and had to walk to school
6 We’re saving over/up to pay for a really exciting
this morning.
holiday.
Could you remember/remind me to bring the key
10
7 Julie moved out/from last Friday. She doesn’t live
with me when we leave?
with her parents anymore.
1 Circle the correct alternatives. 4 Join the sentences with relative clauses. Add
commas where necessary.
1 Amy has done/has been doing her homework but
it still isn’t finished. 1 The coal mine has now closed down. Hundreds of
2 Fortunately, Fiona had taken/has taken the miners once worked there.
chicken out of the oven before we went for a walk.
3 You mustn’t/don’t have to drive us to the bus 2 My home town has grown in size over the last ten
stop. It really isn’t necessary. years. It is situated in the north of the country.
4 I’m not sure, but I think Colin must/may have been
wearing a blue pullover when he left. 3 Shelley is one of the nicest people you’ll ever meet.
5 The students had taken/were taken to the police Her sister is sitting over there.
station for questioning.
6 If you call Claire now, she will/would be able to 4 Buddy Cole was one of the most talented singers
help you. of his generation. He died yesterday.
7 If Patricia didn’t feel tired, she will/would go out
with her friends. 5 Choose the best option to complete the sentences.
8 If you listened/had listened to the instructions,
1 They abroad since 2001.
you would have known what to do.
a have lived b lived
9 I’ll give you your pocket money as long as you do/
2 The students by the college.
did your homework.
a haven’t paid b haven’t been paid
10 Amy wouldn’t sell you her mobile phone, even if
3 What time Sue?
you gave/would give her a thousand euros.
a did you meet b you met
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Rebecca has just .
a had fixed her bike b had her bike fixed
1 Susan apologized for (leave) early. 5 Jo work on Sundays, but she can if
2 Tom said that he (not work) in the she wants to.
supermarket on Mondays. a mustn’t b doesn’t have to
3 Julie told me that she (meet) Olivia 6 You have eaten Paul’s crisps. He’ll be
two months before. very upset when he finds out.
4 Jack asked me (help) him. a shouldn’t b needn’t
5 Wendy suggested (call) the police. 7 Pam arrives soon, we’ll have to leave.
6 Jen asked if Adam (phone) her earlier. a If b Unless
7 Sue asked what time the following day’s match 8 Adrian asked been.
(start). a where we had b where had we
9 He was a guy I could work with.
3 Complete the sentences with who, which, when,
where or whose. a that b which
1 My brother is the sort of person 6 Translate the sentences into your own language.
always has a smile on his face. 1 How long have you been working there?
2 I remember a time most boys had
long hair. 2 The houses are being redecorated.
3 The film was shown on TV last night
was really interesting. 3 If I were you, I would write an angry letter.
4 Stockholm is a city the winters are
really cold. 4 Ruth told us that he hadn’t seen the film.
5 The guy picture was in the paper this
morning is standing right over there. 5 The football match, which I went to with my brother,
was really exciting.

1 Write words from the box for the descriptions. 4 Complete the compound words.
indecisive emotional spontaneous plain-spoken 1 Bob put on his back and headed off

sensitive outgoing intuitive analytical dishonest on a journey.
cool-headed
2 We booked the holiday with a travel .
3 Jill went into the tent, got out her sleeping
1 She gets hurt easily by what people say.
, climbed in and went to sleep.
4 Put on some sun . Otherwise, you’ll
2 He can never make his mind up about things.
burn in this sun.
5 Some of the festival- had been there
3 They do things suddenly and without thinking.
all weekend. They’d seen some great live bands.
6 I enjoy walking in the country .
4 He tells lies.
7 The French Revolution was a major turning
5 He says exactly what he thinks.
in history.
6 She is good at looking at things in careful detail.
8 Amy suffers from travel . She’s
always ill when we go somewhere by coach.
7 We are very calm under pressure.
9 The running of the company are high.
8 She often laughs and cries, and feels things
strongly. 5 Add the correct prefix or suffix to each list.
9 They are good at seeing through things and 1 Add a suffix meaning ‘lacking’ to make adjectives.
knowing what people are thinking. hope pain
10 He is friendly and sociable. 2 Add a negative prefix.
2 Circle the correct alternatives. curable sensitive
3 Add a suffix to make nouns.
1 I don’t know Ray. What takes/makes him tick?
depend prefer
2 Please remind/remember me to phone Katy.
4 Add a prefix that means ‘many’.
3 Wendy went on an exchange trip/travel to
lingual task
Australia. She had a great time.
5 Add a prefix that means ‘again’.
4 We lost/missed the bus and were late for school.
claim visit
5 How much do you charge/purchase for a ticket?
6 Add a prefix that means ‘between’.
6 Harry had/felt a bad cough.
national continental
7 The expedition set/got off to the South Pole.
7 Add a negative prefix and a suffix to make
8 I enjoy surfing/skimming the newspaper headlines
adjectives.
before deciding which articles to read.
avoid predict
3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 8 Add a suffix to make nouns.
attract possess
up
between about with away out for
9 Add a prefix that means ‘too much’.
1 It’s hard to choose these two things. spend sleep
2 Penny has given her trainers because 6 Read the questions and choose the best answer.
she doesn’t want them any more.
1 What do you call a piece of writing about a
3 Joe is always complaining something.
journey?
4 Sylvia has picked a cold.
a chronicle b travelogue c parody
5 Jenny has moved . She no longer
2 What do you call an individual characteristic?
lives with her parents.
a psyche b type c trait
6 I’ll pay lunch. It’s my turn.
3 Which word means ‘bored and disinterested’?
7 How did you end here? You’re miles
a apathy b initiative c integrity
from home.
4 Which word is a part of the body?
8 Tina has to deal lots of customers in
a hip b heal c harm
her job.
answer key grammar and vocabulary (standard)
Grammar and 11
A 1 a 2 b Grammar
vocabulary B
3 d 4 c
C 5 f 6 e Unit 1
Start of year 12
1 in 2 at 3 at 4 on 5 in 1 1 saw 2 had already arrived
1 1 wears 2 enjoy 3 do you 6 in 7 in
8 on 9 at 10 in 3 did you get up 4 hasn’t read
don’t
4 5 watches 5 hadn’t been 6 haven’t heard
13
subject object possessive 7 ’s lived 8 arrived 9 lived
6 doesn’t wear
7 does 8 live pronoun pronoun pronoun 10 ’ve just made
2 1 They are playing tennis at the I me mine
moment. you you yours 2 A 1 b 2 a
2 George isn’t living with his he him his B
3 c 4 d
parents. she her hers C 5 f 6 e
3 I am having lunch in the city it it its 3 1 known 2 forgotten
centre. we us ours 3 been waiting
4 told
5 had
4 Wendy and Jack aren’t wearing they them theirs
6 been living
any shoes. 14 1 them 2 they
3 ours 4 1 has been staying
5 She is sitting over there. 4 mine 5 him
6 yours 2 had already left
6 We aren’t working at the moment.
15 1 Are they going to see a movie? 3 had been working
7 Are you doing your homework?
2 What will she say if Emma 4 have the children been watching
8 Which game is she playing?
phones? 5 have visited
9 I am not coming with you.
3 Who are you meeting tonight? 6 have been sunbathing
10 We are putting up shelves in the
kitchen. 4 What will you buy Robert? 5 1 When did you first meet
5 Is he going to visit his aunt at the Samantha?
3 1 always 2 now weekend? 2 I met her in 2008.
3 Sometimes 4 never 5 often 6 At this time tomorrow, I’ll be 3 How long had she been working
4 1 lost 2 broke 3 gave sitting on a beach. as a journalist before then?
4 didn’t know 5 left
6 worried 7 Barry is not going to wait. 4 She had already been working as
7 didn’t win
8 saw 8 Jenny won’t have eaten before a journalist for two years when I
her friends arrive. met her.
5 1 was walking
3 stole 16
2 was Susie wearing 1 were going to 5 Have you been in touch lately?
4 Did you meet 5 were singing 2 had rung 3 had 6 We met last month for a coffee.
6 didn’t kiss
7 won 4 had broken 5 enjoyed 6 Students’ own answers
6 wasn’t doing
6 1 used to play 2 didn’t know
3 was cooking 4 would get 17
1 Magazines are published by our Unit 2
5 saw 6 was losing company. 1 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 b
7 did you understand 8 broke 2 The documentary will be shown 5 a
6 b
tomorrow.
7 1 has just ridden 2 bought 2 1 You should go home and rest.
3 A burglar has just been arrested.
3 hasn’t eaten 2 We mustn’t leave early.
4 Were the houses built in the
4 has already visited
5 got 1970s? 3 You needn’t bring your own
6 have you lived 7 has owned tennis balls.
5 The winner can’t have been
8 didn’t speak announced yet. 4 They can’t ride their bicycles in
9
Have you heard 10 met the street.
6 James isn’t going to be allowed
into the club later. 5 Sue has to wear a helmet when
8 she’s on the building site.
adjective comparative superlative 18
1 have to 2 had gone
3 1 b 2 c 3 a
high higher the highest 3 won’t
4 stays 5 had
big bigger the biggest 6 wouldn’t 7 had called 4 1 must 2 could 3 might
busy busier the busiest 8 would you 4 can’t
5 may
exciting more exciting the most 5 1 have to 2 shouldn’t
exciting
19
1 b 2 c 3 b 4 a
5 b
6 a 3 needn’t 4 mustn’t
good better the best
5 must
bad worse the worst
6 1 must have known
9 1 the highest 2 busier 2 may have left
3 worse 4 bigger 5 the best 3 can’t have heard
6 the most exciting 7 the worst 4 might have got
8 the busiest 5 could have won
10
1 the 2 the 3 a 4 a 5 - 7 Students’ own answers
6 the
7 the 8 a
9 the
10
-
Units 1–2 4 1 It is said that the number of cases 6 1 I wish I didn’t have to wash the
of flu is rising. dishes.
1 1 We’ve been waiting here since
half past two. The number of cases of flu is said 2 If only I hadn’t missed the football
to be rising. match on TV last night.
2 I hadn’t played hockey before last
Tuesday. 2 It is said / thought that genetics is 3 If only Sue had bought the tickets
a fascinating subject. for the concert.
3 You don’t have to make a donation
but you can if you’d like to. Genetics is said / thought to be a 4 I wish I hadn’t left my new coat
fascinating subject. outside in the rain.
4 They should have helped Tina
with the washing up last night. 3 It is said that an age of great 7 Students’ own answers
scientific discoveries has just
5 How many times have you
started.
broken your arm? Units 1–4
An age of great scientific
2 1 have known 2 had eaten discoveries is said to have just 1 1 Sally is being examined right
3 has lived 4 left 5 ought to started. now.
6 must 7 needn’t 4 It is said that a cure for the 2 Giant pandas are said to be on
8 have invited common cold isn’t necessary. the edge of extinction.
A cure for the common cold is 3 Jack had his car repaired by a
3 1 has she been staying professional mechanic.
said not to be necessary.
2 had Tamsin just eaten 4 What would you have done if
3 have you invited 5 1 I had a tooth taken out yesterday. Sam had been late?
4 Have they been waiting 2 Where did you get your beard
5 If she helps, we’ll get it done
5 did you get trimmed?
much quicker.
3 We had the kitchen renovated in
4 1 have 2 have 3 did 6 If I were you, I’d join a gym.
March.
4 had 5 been 6 been 7 I wish I had more money these
4 I’m having my nose pierced
7 had 8 have days.
tomorrow.
8 Sue’s known Joe all her life.
5 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 Rebecca is going to get her eyes
9 I won’t be able to finish the job
5
b 6 a tested.
unless you help me.
6 Will they get their bikes fixed
6 Students’ own answers 10 Tom must have got home by now.
today?
6 Students’ own answers 2 1 has she been doing
Unit 3 2 had Ben just made
1 1 is being tested Unit 4 3 have you earned
2 has cloned 4 have been invited
3 was invented 1 1 finds 2 wouldn’t shop
5 was the book written
4 must have been given 3 would you go 4 spent
6 are released
5 had carried 5 will he buy 6 see
7 had bought
6 were being told 7 wouldn’t go
8 will you do
7 have served 2 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 b 3 1 did they wake 2 had fallen
2 1 A new cure for cancer has been 3 1 If Josie had read the book she 3 needn’t 4 should
discovered. would have loved it. 5 was invented
2 All the equipment must be 2 Jerry wouldn’t have missed the 6 his phone repaired 7 helps
cleaned after every experiment. train if he had left on time. 8 would have come
3 The researchers are being shown 3 If Tom had entered the
around the lab. competition he might have won 4 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b
4 The world record for the 800 the prize. 6 b 7 b
metres was recently broken. 4 If Jack hadn’t lost his map he 5 Students’ own answers
5 One of Dr Smith’s elderly patients would have found the hostel.
is being treated for arthritis.
4 1 would have passed
3 1 The war against disease is being 2 had invited
fought right now by the medical 3 had lost
profession. 4 wouldn’t have stayed
2 Tickets can be purchased on the 5 hadn’t played
door every evening.
3 The children were being told off 5 1 even if 2 unless
when we arrived. 3 As long as 4 Even if
4 Josephine should have been 5 provided that 6 Unless
promoted by now.
5 The match has been cancelled
because of the bad weather.
Unit 5 2 1 Penny lives in a small house 6 1 I remember the charitable trust

which doesn’t have a garden. for which I once worked.
1 1 She said she didn’t like watching
2 I remember a sunny day when 2 There’s the businessman about
horror films.
we all went for a picnic in the whom I was telling you.
2 He told me he was going to make park. 3 Could you tell to whom I’m
a phone call.
3 John works in a factory where speaking?
3 They told me Louise hadn’t eaten they make cars. 4 There are many things in which
her lunch yet.
4 I have an uncle whose company I’m interested.
4 They said they hadn’t been is one of the world’s leading
playing cards. 7 Students’ own answers
computer manufacturers.
5 He told us Tom was doing a test. 5 Caroline is a hard-working law
6 They said they would finish it Units 1–6
student who hopes to get a job in
later. a major New York law firm. 1 1 has been doing 2 had taken
7 She said they had to go and see 3 don’t have to 4 may
the James Bond film. 3 1 Jake is a friendly guy who I
worked with during the summer 5 were taken 6 will 7 would
8 She said she couldn’t decide 8 had listened 9 do 10 gave
holidays.
what to wear.
2 I used to work for a company 2 1 leaving 2 didn’t work
2 1 she / that which paid far more than the 3 had met
4 to help
5 calling
2 they / there / before company I’m working for now.
6 had phoned 7 would start
3 she / her / before 3 It was one of the most interesting
4 she / her / following talks that I had ever been to. 3 1 who 2 when 3 which
5 they / there / that 4 Penny was the girl whose parents 4 where 5 whose
had been involved in that plane 4 1 The coal mine where hundreds
3 1 He asked me what I was doing
crash. of miners once worked has now
the night before.
5 Tim makes model boats which closed down.
2 She asked me when I had last
can be bought in some of the 2 My home town, which has grown
had lunch with them there.
shops down by the harbour. in size over the last ten years,
3 She asked him if he could swim.
5 Amanda is a lovely person that all is situated in the north of the
4 She asked me how long I had
my friends really get on with. country. / My home town, which
lived there.
6 I spoke to one of the people who is situated in the north of the
5 He asked me if Joe had won the
worked in the shop and he said country, has grown in size over
match.
that it was a great place to work. the last ten years.
4 1 Dan asked Denise to close the 3 Shelley, whose sister is sitting
4 1 The man who has just moved
door. over there, is one of the nicest
in next door is a famous poet.
2 Rachel suggested having a party. people you’ll ever meet.
Defining.
3 Samantha told the students not 4 Buddy Cole, who was one of
2 The Pyrenees, which divide Spain
to be late. the most talented singers of his
from France, are a popular tourist
4 Joe asked me to help with the destination in the summer. Non- generation, died yesterday. /
washing up. defining. Buddy Cole, who died yesterday,
5 Harry suggested renting a DVD. was one of the most talented
3 My sister, who you met once,
6 My mum told the twins to wake singers of his generation.
came over for the weekend. Non-
up. defining. 5 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 b
5 1 Ian warned the children not to go 4 The nature reserve where I 6 a
7 b 8 a 9 a
near the edge of the lake. worked last summer has just 6 Students’ own answers
2 Diane apologized for forgetting to closed down. Defining.
bring anything to drink. 5 1 I once visited Cambodia, which
3 Jerry advised me to join a gym. is an amazing country, for my Vocabulary
4 Fiona admitted she never got to holidays.
school on time. 2 The park where we sometimes Unit 1
5 Tim agreed to meet me there at go for a picnic is a very calm and 1 1 tabloid 2 transition
nine. tranquil place. 3 unprejudiced 4 gossip
6 Jo refused to lend me her pen. 3 Paris, which is situated in the 5 current affairs
6 journalist
north of the country, is the capital 7 debate 8 skim
6 Students’ own answers
of France. / Paris, which is the
capital of France, is situated in 2 1 impartial / objective 2 skim
Unit 6 the north of the country. 3 turning point 4 surfing
1 1 who 2 where 3 that 4 An old friend, whose brother runs 5 sensation 6 broadsheets
4 whose
5 when
6 which the local newsagent’s, has just
3 1 surfing 2 giving 3 hopping
7 who
8 where moved into our apartment block.
4 tuned
5 dumb
4 1 b 2 d 3 e 4 f
5 a
6 c
5 1 press conference Unit 3 Units 1–4

2 golden age 3 social factors 1 1 broadsheet 2 bulletin
1 1 c 2 f 3 a 4 g 5 b
4 chat show 5 news flash 3 verdict 4 prescribe
6 e 7 d
6 mobile phone alerts 5 juror 6 smell 7 bargain
2 1 taste 2 had 3 effects
6 1 editor 2 newsreader 8 nauseous 9 purchase
4 unavoidable 5 system
3 journalist 4 chat show host 10 cure 11 turnover
6 smell 7 regenerate 8 feel
5 producer 6 presenter 12
borrow
9 prescribe
7 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b 2 1 sensationalism
3 1 have 2 feel 3 have
2 defendant 3 prescription
4 feel 5 picked 6 feel / get
Unit 2 4 recovery 5 pressure
7 prescribe 8 fight 9 look
1 1 c 2 e 3 b 4 a 6 poisoning 7 preference
get
10
5 d 6 f 8 professionalism 9 generosity
4 -able -ful 10
attraction
2 1 witness 2 verdict 3 bailiff 1 curable 2 painful
4 culprit 5 suspect 3 1 c hard-hitting
3 hopeful 4 predictable
6 offender 7 juror 2 a plain-spoken
5 harmful 6 avoidable
3 e cold-hearted
3 1 about 2 to 3 of 4 for 5 1 incurable 2 painless
4 d single-minded
5 of 6 about 7 for 8 of 3 hopeless 4 unpredictable 5 b public-spirited
4 1 judge 2 jury 3 defendant 5 harmless 6 unavoidable
4 1 hand 2 afford 3 incurable
4 court 5 witnesses 6 victim 6 1 harmful 2 hopeful 4 headache 5 rejected
7 statement 8 sentence 3 painless 4 unpredictable
6 about 7 of
9 fine
10 misdemeanour 5 avoidable 6 incurable
5 1 down 2 up 3 off 4 off
5 1 d hard-hitting 7 1 out 2 over 3 up 4 round 5 away 6 up
7 out
2 a single-minded 5 off 6 after
8 round 9 up 10 out
3 c cold-hearted 8 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 a 6 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 b 5 a
4 f cool-headed
5 b plain-spoken Unit 4 Unit 5
6 e public-spirited
1 1 b 2 g 3 a 4 h 5 c 1 1 e 2 a 3 d 4 h 5 f
6 1 single-minded 2 hard-hitting 6 e 7 f 8 j 9 i 10 d 6 b 7 i 8 g 9 j 10 c
3 plain-spoken 4 public-spirited
2 1 demand 2 turnover 2 1 seaside 2 travel agent
5 cold-hearted 6 cool-headed
3 browse 4 haggle 3 backpacker 4 exchange rate
7 1 robber 2 offender 3 victim 5 discount 6 cash 7 afford 5 sleeping bag 6 sightseer
4 arrest
3 1 borrow 2 spend 3 costs 7 guide book 8 airfare
4 shopper 5 wage 9 sun cream 10 holidaymaker
Units 1–2
6 second-hand 7 sales 3 1 between 2 for 3 about
1 1 journalist 2 defendant 8 customers
3 newsreader 4 juror 4 off 5 off 6 for 7 about
5 witness 6 mugger 4 1 out 2 off 3 up 4 back 8 about
5 off 6 up 7 on 8 away 4 1 interaction inter-continental
2 1 defendant
2 chat show host 3 suspect 5 -ism 2 oversleep overspend
4 mugger 5 witness 6 victim 1 professionalism 3 extra-curricular extra-terrestrial
2 consumerism 4 reclaim re-visit
3 1 robbed 2 give 3 dumbing
3 environmentalism 5 multi-task multilingual
4 Tune 5 hopping
-ance/-ence 6 underestimate understatement
4 1 of 2 about 3 for 4 dependence 5 appearance (also overestimate /
4 to 5 for -ure overstatement)
5 1 plain-spoken 2 hard-hitting 6 pressure 7 departure 5 1 multilingual 2 extra-curricular
3 cold-hearted 4 public-spirited -ity 3 extra-terrestrial
5 single-minded 6 cool-headed 8 popularity 9 rigidity 4 inter-continental
6 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 a -ion 5 understatement 6 overspend
10 attraction 7 re-visit
7 1 to buy 2 to tell 3 using
4 meeting 5 to call 6 locking 6 1 consumerism 2 pressure 6 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 b 5 a
3 environmentalism 4 rigidity 6 c
5 departure 6 popularity
7 professionalism
Unit 6
1 1 d 2 e 3 b 4 a
5 c
6 f
2 1 spontaneous 2 dishonesty
3 initiative 4 reluctant
5 methodical 6 integrity
7 willing
3 1 flow 2 trip 3 sensitive
5 degree
4 makes 6 expect
8 earn
7 psychometric
9 missed
10 remind
4 1 dishonest 2 apathetic
3 indecisive 4 weak
5 disorganized
5 1 efficient 2 outgoing
3 practical
4 adaptable
5 analytical
6 emotional
7 intuitive
6 1 with 2 on 3 up 4 up
5 on 6 up
7 out
Units 1–6
1 1 sensitive 2 indecisive
3 spontaneous 4 dishonest
5 plain-spoken 6 analytical
7 cool-headed 8 emotional
9 intuitive 10 outgoing
2 1 makes 2 remind 3 trip
4 missed 5 charge 6 had
7 set
8 skimming
3 1 between 2 away 3 about
4 up 5 out
6 for 7 up
8 with
4 1 backpack 2 travel agent
3 sleeping bag 4 sun cream
5 festival-goers 6 countryside
7 turning point
8 travel sickness
9 running costs
5 1 hopeless, painless
2 incurable, insensitive
3 dependence, preference
4 multilingual, multi-task
5 reclaim, revisit
6 international, intercontinental
7 unavoidable, unpredictable
8 attraction, possession
9 overspend, oversleep
6 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 a
Start of year review (plus)
1 Sally (not wear) her school uniform at 1 Yesterday, Joe (bring) a spider into
the weekend. school and (show) it to everybody.
2 What time (you / get) up on Sundays? 2 Where Andrew and Steven
3 I (walk) into the city centre with Josh (go) on their holidays last summer?
right now. Come with us. Oh, and (be) the weather nice?
4 I (not have) much money to spend. 3 Raymond (walk) back home from
5 Tim (like) his new school now. choir practice yesterday afternoon when it suddenly
6 I (get) older and there’s nothing I can (start) to rain.
do about it! 4 Paul (stand) up then
7 When (the train / get) here usually? (hit) Adam in the face. We were shocked.
8 Robert (sit) outside. He doesn’t want 5 What (Ivan / wear) when you
to come in because his shoes are muddy. (see) him last Friday?
9 How much (they / earn) each month? 6 (you / meet) Ruth when she
(arrive) at the bus station yesterday?
2 Write sentences using the prompts.
7 The sun (shine) and the birds
1 We / not play football / at the moment. (sing) as I walked into the village.
8 Jim (drink) coffee with friends when
2 Nathan / always / go to bed / very early. someone (steal) his school bag.

5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate
3 I / often / meet my friends / in the city centre.
form of the verbs in brackets. Do not use the past
simple or past continuous.
4 Sue / sit / over there / right now.
1 Claire (play) the violin when she was

young, but she doesn’t play it anymore.
5 She / never / be / on time for appointments.
2 Jeff had to go back home because he

(forget) his school books.
6 They / not talk / at the moment.
3 When we were small children, we (try)

to stay awake at night but it was impossible!
7 you / do the washing up / right now?
4 We didn’t want any of Jo’s sandwiches because we

(already / eat).
8 What time / school / usually / start?
5 The post (not arrive) when I left home

this morning.
3 Complete the text with the correct form of the 6 In the 19th century, very young children
verbs in brackets.
(work) in coal mines.
My sister is a clothes designer. She 6 Write sentences using the prompts and the words
(1) (design) really exciting in brackets.
clothes. In fact, I (2) (wear) one 1 Olivia / buy / a new coat. (just)
of her skirts right now. She (3)

(stay) with us this month but most of the time
she (4) (not live) in Spain. She 2 Ray / have a job / before? (ever)
(5) (have) an apartment in Milan.
Every May, she (6) (go) to a 3 Louise / find / a Roman coin. (a week ago)
fashion show in New York. She (7)
(meet) lots of interesting people there but 4 Gary / not see / the horror film. (yet)
she (8) (not spend) much time

socializing. That’s because she’s so busy!
5 Patrick / write / ten emails? (last night)

7 Complete the table with comparatives and 10 Complete the sentences with in, at or on.
superlatives.
1 I enjoy being my own.
adjective comparative superlative 2 The book is top of the TV.
narrow 3 I don’t like walking home alone night.
bad 4 I’ll be there a moment.
tidy 5 We met up Easter.
comfortable 6 Wait for me the corner of the street.
far 7 Roger was sitting a café when I saw him.
wet 8 Amy is rude times.
9 She spent two weeks sea.
8 Complete the sentences with comparatives or
superlatives from 7. 10 What are you doing the weekend?
1 It rained all day, every day. We were soaked to the 11 Complete the table with the correct words.
skin. It was holiday we’ve ever had.
subject object possessive possessive
2 Amy is much than her brother. She pronoun pronoun pronoun adjective
always puts her clothes carefully in cupboards. I
3 The second tunnel was than the first you
one. We had to breathe in to squeeze through it. he
4 My grade this year was than last her
year’s grade. I got 70%. Last year I got 80%. its
5 Scotland is away from Spain than we
England is. their
6 This is bed I’ve ever slept in. It’s so
12 Complete the sentences with words from 11.
soft and it makes you feel relaxed.
7 Generally speaking, it rains more in the north of 1 Joe has two sisters, Anne and Rebecca. He’s
England. Manchester is than London. always arguing with older sister,
8 My new coat is than my old coat. It Anne.
has a fur lining and feels really nice to wear. 2 We’re the best team in the league. No other team
can beat .
9 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
3 The blue purse belongs to my sister, but the red
1 I haven’t got money! I’m broke! one doesn’t. It isn’t .
2 We only invited friends for dinner. Just a 4 Mr Graham is friendly, but isn’t very
handful. We didn’t want lots of people there. generous.
3 I really enjoy listening to radio. 5 Somebody gave me this, but it isn’t ,
4 I don’t have free time at all this weekend so so can I leave it here?
I can’t help. 6 Could you ask the children to put
5 Simon often plays rugby at weekend. coats on the hangers? They keep throwing them on
6 How people were there at the meeting? the floor.
7 Paula works as personal assistant for a 7 Fiona and I have bought a car together. We can’t
multinational company. believe it’s !
8 I speak German, but not much! 8 Daniel gave aunt a bracelet for her
9 Could you get me cola? I’m thirsty. birthday. She was very pleased with it.
10 It only took moment to fill in the form. 9 Our dog has own basket where it sits
11 Jim has never had luck with the lottery. He’s all day chewing bones.
only won a few euros from time to time. 10
Is this ? Nobody else wants it, so if it
12 I always go to the gym on Thursday. isn’t, you can take it anyway.
13
There are really nice people in my class at
school.
14 I’m doing my homework at moment.
13 Read the sentences and choose the best 16 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
response. the verbs in brackets.
1 Look how windy it is. 1 What she (see) if she

a I know. The roof will blow off. went and had a look?
b I know. The roof is going to blow off. 2 If the newsagent’s (not be) closed, I’d
2 Have you already arranged to meet Stephanie? buy a newspaper.
a Yes. We’ll have a coffee together at two. 3 If Darren (get) up earlier, he would
b Yes. We’re having a coffee together at two. have had enough time to get to the station.
3 Who do you think has the best chance of winning 4 We’ll go for a picnic unless it (start) to
the song contest? rain.
a In my opinion, I think Swing will win. 5 Provided that you return the form by Monday, we
b In my opinion, I think Swing is going to win. (offer) you a place on the course.
4 Jenny hasn’t arrived yet. 6 If Sandra played the piano, she
a Really? I didn’t know. OK. I’ll ring her. (perform) in tonight’s concert.
b Really? I didn’t know. OK. I’m going to ring her. 7 If you (boil) water it turns into steam.
5 What do you intend to do with that wood? 8 We (not win) the match unless we
a I bought it specially. I’ll make a table out of it. start playing a bit better.
b I bought it specially. I’m going to make a table 9 If Louise (leave) at nine, she would
out of it. have got here in plenty of time.
6 Do you think this will be finished before lunch? Where
10 you (put) the
a Yes. By lunchtime, I’ll have finished it. sofa if you decide to buy it?
b Yes. By lunchtime, I’ll be finishing it. 11
I (not eat) George’s sandwich if I’d
known he wanted it.
14 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
12
If she (say) anything horrible about
1 ‘Do you often spend your holidays here?’ she asked. my coat, I’ll be really upset.
She asked . 13
you (do) it all again if
2 ‘Jo isn’t doing anything at the moment,’ she said. you had the chance?
She said . 14 Wendy won’t do well in her exams if she
3 ‘We’re going to call Ralph tomorrow,’ they told us. (not work) any harder.
They told us . Colin
15 (go) to the barbecue this
4 ‘I spoke to David two days ago,’ she said. evening if he ate meat.
He said .
17 Choose the correct word to complete each
5 ‘How much money does she have at this moment?’
sentence.
he asked.
He asked me . 1 Tom has broken his arm. It happened
6 ‘She hasn’t signed the document yet,’ he said. five minutes ago.
He said . a just b ever c already
2 We’ll head off Sophie is ready. So,
please wait.
1 The novel / write / by James Smith / last year. a before b as soon as c while
3 Amanda hasn’t bought that coat .
2 The new road / not open / yet. a never b just c yet
4 Tom was working in the garden, I
3 The thieves / arrest / by the police / at this moment. made lunch.
a Yet b While c On
4 The students / not tell / their results / until tomorrow. 5 We’ve been staying here four months.
a during b since c for
5 Sally / should / promote / last month. 6 Jack moved in two years .
a before b last c ago
Grammar practice (plus) 1
1 I (just / make) some biscuits. They’re 1 I’ve (know) Simon all my life.
nicer than the ones I (make) last week. 2 Susie got absolutely soaked because she
2 In the past, children (work) in factories (forget) to bring her umbrella.
and (live) in unsanitary houses. 3 We (wait) for you for ages. Why are
3 Rick (just / change) the channel. you so late?
Why? Well, because he (already/ 4 Tim has (tell) that awful joke at least
watch) the film on Channel 1 two nights earlier. four times already.
4 We (get) there late because the train 5 I (not eat) very much for breakfast so
(be delayed) back in Manchester. I felt very hungry by twelve o’clock.
5 Sally (write) those 6 How long you
letters yet? She (start) them hours (renovate) that old house? Will you finish the work
ago, so they should be finished. soon?
2 Write questions for the answers using the prompts. 5 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
1 When / Jenny / join / the book club?
Sally (1) (work) as a journalist
Oh, on the fifth of September. in London for six months when I first
2 How long / Simon / have / a bad cold? (2) (meet) her in the summer of
2008. The week before, she (3)
Oh, for a couple of days. He feels awful. (just / write) a couple of important articles
about British politics for her newspaper. Since
3 When / he / write / the play?
then, Sally and I (4) (be) friends.

She (5) (help) me many times
Two years ago. in my career as a reporter and we
4 he / lose / his umbrella? (6) (have) a lot of fun together
from time to time. She (7) (travel)
Yes. He can’t find it anywhere. in South America for the last month or so.
5 What time / she /get up? She (8) (send) me a postcard

last week, saying that she (9)
(interview) a leading politician there earlier
Seven o’clock this morning.
in the day, and that she (10)
3 Choose the correct option to complete the (have) a great story for one of the tabloids.
sentences.
1 I’ve been to the gym …
a last weekend. c twice this weekend. 1 Amy had been playing tennis for an hour when we
b since Tuesday. d a couple of days ago. arrived.
2 He’s been playing computer games …
a twice today. c from two to three o’clock. 2 I’ve just bought a new coat.
b all afternoon. d last night.
3 He had been phoning Donald … 3 How many times have you fallen off your bike?
a since he got in. c twice today.
b these days. d but he has been busy. 4 Jo has been listening to music since she got home.
4 Josephine has left the school …
a since two o’clock. c before you rang. 5 Sue felt tired because she had been working hard
b five minutes ago. d and is on her way home. all day.
5 Sean had gone home …
a since five o’clock. c as soon as the bell
had rung.
b before the lesson ended. d from two hours.
Vocabulary practice (plus) 1
1 Write a word for each definition. 4 Make compound nouns with the words in the box.
Then complete the sentences.
1 a sensationalist newspaper
2 a period of change broad reader
pod web cast
spot
sheets
lines pages head news
light
3 not impartial or objective
4 someone who writes newspaper articles
1 I downloaded a of my favourite
comedy programme onto my laptop.
5 a type of TV programme that is informative
2 I like the way the on my local news
about things like history, geography or wildlife
always smiles at the end of each story.
3 This website has hundreds of , and all
6 a person who decides what goes in a newspaper
of them are full of information.
4 Tabloid tend to be huge and shocking
7 a serious newspaper
sometimes.
8 a type of TV programme on which someone
5 Some celebrities love being in the .
interviews celebrities
They enjoy the fame and attention.
9 a shock or gossip
6 I prefer reading serious to
10 a discussion about something serious by people
sensationalist tabloids.
with opposing views
1 The discovery of America was a major turning
1 Emma spends most afternoons the
in history.
internet.
2 There is some breaking just in. A
2 Brad Pitt has just an interview to a
plane has crashed in India.
leading Spanish magazine.
3 Tabloid newspapers are often referred to as gutter
3 Emily likes channel because she can’t
.
concentrate on one programme for long.
4 I watched an interesting current
4 Greg in to his favourite radio
programme about the state of the economy.
programme every day.
5 The president spoke to journalists at a press
5 I hate the way tabloids down the
.
news. We’re not all stupid!
6 A lot of different social influenced the
6 Most mornings, I the newspaper
change in moral attitudes in the 1970s.
headlines to see if there is anything interesting to
7 The chat show asked the pop star a
read in more depth.
lot of questions about her private life.
3 Write a word for each definition. 8 The 19th century was a golden in
1 someone on a news programme who looks at a British history.
story in careful detail 9 I get most of my news and information from mobile
2 the person in charge of commissioning and phone .
planning a TV programme 10 The next short news will be at ten
3 the person who is in front of the camera on a TV o’clock.
news programme and tells you what the day’s news

is
4 a long historical period
5 someone who interviews celebrities on a TV
programme
6 a news programme that suddenly appears on TV or
radio to inform you of a major news story that has
just happened
1 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal 4 Complete the sentences with an appropriate
verbs. modal verb.
1 I advise you to do more exercise. 1 The baby slept all the way through the storm. She
have heard a thing.
2 It isn’t necessary to buy a ticket in advance. 2 You drive on the left in Japan.
3 I don’t know where Joe and Sylvia are. They
3 Pedestrians aren’t permitted to cross the road have gone home already.
except at the zebra crossing. 4 Tommy have borrowed my bike
without asking me. I was really angry about it.
4 The students aren’t allowed to run in the corridor. 5 Dan have lent me his tennis racket. I
have two of my own.
5 Tony is obliged to wear a helmet when he’s 6 We phoned Tina and told her what time we’d arrive.
climbing. She have known we were coming.

5 Read the situations and complete the sentences
2 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal with the correct form of the words in brackets.
verbs.
1 We didn’t win the race because we were unlucky.
1 David made some sandwiches but it wasn’t With a bit of luck, we (could / win) the
necessary. race.
David any sandwiches. 2 I advised you to go to the doctor but you didn’t go
2 William was advised to clean his room yesterday. and now you’re feeling worse.
William his room. You (should / go) to the doctor.
3 It was wrong of Louise to get angry with her 3 We can tidy up the school without Tim. Tell him to
parents. go home.
Louise angry. Tim (need / stay) behind after school.
4 It was a mistake for the teacher not to give her 4 You are not allowed to wear ordinary shoes in the
students any homework. sports hall. It’s prohibited.
The teacher some You (must / wear) ordinary shoes in
homework. the sports hall.
5 It is very likely that Thomas lost his wallet when he 5 It’s against regulations to go on a building site
was at the fairground. without a helmet.
Thomas at the You (must / put) a helmet on.
fairground. 6 Sam’s coat is still hanging in the cloakroom.
6 It’s possible that Rachel has missed the bus. He (can / leave) yet.
Rachel the bus.
3 Complete the sentences with the modal verbs in
1 Carl doesn’t have to go to work today.
the box.

could must
may
can’t might 2 Max needn’t have stayed late at school yesterday.

1 Maria win the race if she tries hard. 3 You ought to try and keep your room tidy.
She has as much chance as everybody else.
2 It be Sue’s birthday today. She had a 4 You can’t ride your bicycle on the pavement.
birthday party last month!
3 Look outside! Everybody’s wearing shorts and 5 Jo may have played tennis before.
T-shirts. It be very warm.
4 I’d like to enter the competition. You never know – I
win.
5 Jo looks very pale today. She be ill.
1 Write the correct crime verbs. 4 Complete the text with appropriate words.
1 To is to take someone and ask for

By and large, criminal cases take place in a
money. (1) under the jurisdiction of a
2 To is to take something from (2) who hears the case. A
someone in the street. (3) of 12 people has to
3 To is to take something from a bank. decide on whether the (4) – the
4 To is to take things from a house. person on trial – is guilty or not. Various
(5) who may have seen
5 To is to take things that don’t belong
something are called to speak. Sometimes,
to you. the (6) – the person who was
6 To is to kill someone. mugged or attacked – is questioned or makes
a (7) . If guilty, the person in the
dock is given a (8) . This could be
1 Thomas worked as a , organizing a time in prison if the crime is serious or just a
the proceedings and calling on different people to (9) of a few hundred euros if it is
appear.
a minor (10) .
2 Louise had an awful crime take place,
5 Write participles to make compound adjectives.
and now had to describe what she had seen in
court. 1 hard-
3 The sat there wearing a white 2 single-
wig, occasionally asking questions, and passing 3 cold-
sentence at the end of the trial. 4 cool-
4 The police caught the in a small side 5 plain-
street. He was still holding the bag he had stolen. 6 public-
5 The police have a in custody. They 6 Match the compound adjectives from 5 to the
aren’t sure she committed the crime. synonymous adjectives below.
6 Rick was the on trial in court. He
1 ambitious, certain and driven
knew he was innocent but was worried that no one
2 calm, unstressed and reliable
would believe him.
3 clear and unsubtle in what they say
7 Gary is a in court today. He is sitting
4 helpful, generous and caring
with 11 other people and has to decide whether
5 emotionless and uncaring
someone is guilty or not.
6 harsh and critical
8 Mary was the of a mugging yesterday
– someone stole her handbag. 7 Complete the sentences with suitable words.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct 1 Tim has been accused stealing in the
prepositions. local shop.
2 A suspect has been charged the
1 No-one is certain what was stolen
crime.
from the shop.
3 She has been found guilty and has to
2 You should be very polite the
time in prison.
customers.
4 The police said the culprit wouldn’t get away
3 I’m jealous Grant because he has a
the crime.
new leather jacket.
5 It was a minor misdemeanor, so she just
4 Andrea was late work this morning.
a warning.
5 Wayne was guilty stealing chocolate
from the supermarket.
6 We’re excited going skiing tomorrow.
7 This DVD isn’t suitable young children.
8 I didn’t know he was capable getting
so angry!
Grammar practice (plus) 1–2
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in
the verbs in brackets. brackets.
1 I (not see) Jennifer since last week. 1 It was a bad idea to get so bad-tempered.
2 Emily was really tired because she (shouldn’t)
(not sleep) very well the night before.
3 Jerry may (get) lost on the way here. 2 It isn’t necessary to wash the vegetables before
I’d expect him to be here by now. you cook them. (needn’t)
4 We (do) our homework since we got
home. Almost finished! 3 It certainly wasn’t Robert. (can’t)
5 You shouldn’t (criticize) Karen so
much. She was really upset by what you said. 4 I advise you to work harder. (ought)
6 I don’t think Joseph could (forget)
that it was Sally’s birthday yesterday. There must 5 It’s possible that you won’t enjoy the film. (might)
be another reason why he didn’t come.
6 It wasn’t necessary to buy a ticket. (needn’t)
2 Write questions for the answers using the
prompts.
7 You are obliged to shower before going into the
1 How long / Danny / dance?
pool. (have)

For about ten minutes. Look at him dance!
2 What / Tom / just / drink / when you got there? 5 Choose the best option to complete the sentences.
1 Rory swim until he feels better. It’s
A lemonade, I think. The bottle was empty. against the rules to go in the pool when ill.
3 How many photos / you / take / last weekend? a mustn’t b doesn’t have to c needn’t
2 Ted his job because he didn’t work
Oh, hundreds. hard enough.
4 you / wait / long? a lost b was lost c had lost
3 How long abroad?
No, not long. It’s good to see you. a they have lived b have you lived
5 Sally / see / the new movie? c has he been living
4 By the time we our breakfast it was
No, not yet. half past ten.
6 How many books / you / read? a ate b have eaten c had eaten
5 How many times a famous person?
Fifty or sixty. a has she playing b has she played
3 Complete the sentences by adding two words in c has she been playing
each space.
1 You didn’t buy me a present but
1 Andy should get a job.
thanks anyway.

2 Amy been rude to her grandmother. It
2 How long has she been doing her homework?
was the wrong thing to do.

3 Simon sitting there patiently for ages.
3 Zoe may have left an hour or so ago.
4 Sam couldn’t get into his house because

left his key back at school.
4 I had never thought about working in a hospital
5 Jeremy to wear a uniform at his
until I met Caroline.
school. It’s optional.

6 Emma must living in Madrid at
5 The children mustn’t play near the fire.
exactly the same time that you were there.

Vocabulary practice (plus) 1–2
1 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
1 Ben is a . He steals from houses. 1 Why do you always complain what

2 The police think Emily has committed a crime. She we do but never think of anything to do yourself?
is a . 2 I don’t think this film is suitable
3 John is a . He wears a wig and people under eighteen. It’s very violent.
decides on the sentence after a person has been 3 Simon was found guilty shoplifting.
found guilty. 4 I think you should be polite people
4 Peter is a . He is on trial in court and regardless of their position.
will be found guilty or not guilty of a crime. 5 Jill is sensitive criticism, so be careful
5 Colin is a . He has seen a crime. what you say.
6 Janet is the of a crime. She was
5 Write compound adjectives for the descriptions.
attacked in the street.
7 Graham is a . He takes people and 1 Louise says exactly what she thinks.
asks for a ransom for their release. 2 Sue likes to help out other people in the
8 Bob is a . He is one of 12 people who community.
must listen to the evidence in court. 3 Tony is very ambitious and knows what exactly
9 Jack attacks and robs people in the streets. He is a what he wants to achieve in life.
. 4 Amanda is calm under pressure.
10 Pam steals things from banks. She is a 5 The programme was very critical of the social
. services.
6 Jake has no sympathy for others.
2 Write the job in the media these people have.
6 Replace the phrases in bold with suitable words.
1 Jenny introduces programmes on TV.
2 Jonathan interviews celebrities on TV. 1 I enjoy slowly reading through the newspapers at
3 Patrick plans and manages which TV programmes the weekend.
are made. 2 The news on TV is not biased, in my opinion.
4 Amy is in front of the cameras on the news every
night at ten o’clock. 3 They reported the disaster in a short news bulletin
5 Tim decides what goes in a newspaper. for important breaking news.
6 Lisa writes articles for a newspaper. 4 It was a successful and rich period of American
history.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct verbs.
5 It was a time when everything changed
1 The prime minister refused to an completely.
interview after the sensational news broke. 6 He read out the decision of the jury. The criminal
2 Gary is always channel because he was guilty.
can never find anything good to watch. 7 He had to pay a financial penalty because he had
3 I usually the headlines first to see been speeding.
what’s in the papers before I start reading them.
4 Joe the net every evening looking for the verbs in brackets.
interesting websites.
1 He stopped (work) and looked at the
5 Some news stations down the news.
time.
They only feature human-interest stories.
2 I remembered (buy) the newspaper
6 Some judges two or three criminal
while I was out, so you don’t need to go to the
cases at the same time.
shops now to get it.
7 Andrea was upset because someone
3 He remembered (see) her at the
her house yesterday and stole all her CDs.
cinema. He could still picture it in his mind.
8 You should in to the comedy
4 We didn’t stop (have) lunch until we
programme on Radio FAB. It’s really funny.
had finished the project.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Rewrite the sentences in two ways. Use the direct
the verbs in brackets. object as the subject, then the indirect object as
the subject.
1 Currently, our understanding of the body
(revolutionize) by developments in 1 People are giving charities lots of money to fight
genetic science. epidemics in Africa.
2 The patient (just / give) an injection.
He’ll be asleep in a moment or two.
3 The importance of using antiseptic 2 The teacher should have told the students the truth.
(understand) for the first time two hundred years
ago.
4 Sandra (must / give) the wrong 5 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways,
medicine. That’s why she looks so ill. beginning as shown.
5 Such a difficult operation (not carry)
1 A scientific journal has reported that the number of
out before. It really was a first.
cases of meningitis is rising.
6 Everybody (tell) to evacuate the
It .
building when we got there.
The number of cases .
2 Complete the text with the correct form of the 2 Many people think science is more important than
verbs in brackets. arts and literature.
It .
A new cookbook (1) (just /
Science .
publish) which is full of recipes that
(2) (design) to make you fit. It 3 Some said that mapping the human genome was
(3) (write) during last summer’s impossible.
major athletics championships. At that time, a It .
number of top athletes (4) (ask) Mapping .
to describe what they ate on a typical day. It is
their recipes that (5) (include) in 6 Rewrite the sentences using have / get something
the book. So, now you can eat what athletes eat. done.
However, you (6) (should / warn) 1 Where did you restyle your hair?
that if you want to win an Olympic medal, the
Where .
recipes (7) (have to / follow)
2 The optician has just tested my eyesight.
exactly! Buy one now. By next Christmas the
books (8) (will / sell) out.
3 Will someone fix the tiles on the roof of your garage?
3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form. Omit
the agent where possible. 4 Amy wants someone to paint her kitchen.
1 Someone is showing the researchers around the
new facility. 5 Gardeners are replanting our neighbours’ lawn.

2 Doctor Smith is treating one of his elderly patients 7 Translate the sentences into your own language.
for arthritis.
1 A lot of money was taken from the safe.

3 Someone must clean all the equipment after every
2 Jack hasn’t been told if the disease is curable.
experiment.

3 Anaesthetic was first used in the 19th century.
4 The athlete recently broke the world record for the

800 metres.
4 It is said that a cure for old age will be found soon.

5 Medical researchers have discovered a new cure
for cancer.

1 Complete the definitions with the correct verbs. 4 Make adjectives from the verbs in the box. Then
complete the sentences with adjectives.
1 To an illness is to say what the
illness is. cure pain hope predict harm avoid
2 To medicine is to say which medicine
to take. 1 Washing in disinfectant gets rid of
3 To is to feel a lot of pain. bacteria.
4 To an illness is to use medicine to 2 Fortunately, the injection was .
cure it. I didn’t feel a thing.
5 To is to move an organ from one 3 We are that this rain will blow over
body to another. soon. The weather forecast said it would brighten
6 To is to become healthy after an quickly after a wet start.
illness. 4 I twisted my ankle playing football. It was very
7 To an organ is what the body does . It really hurt!!
when it says no to a transplant. 5 We have to work late today. It’s .
We just have too much to do.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 6 Sarah has an form of cancer. She
1 Our bodies are able to tissue. That’s isn’t going to get better, I’m afraid.
why cuts and scars heal. 7 Rebecca’s victory was . Everybody
2 I nauseous. I’m going to be sick. expected her to win.
3 Fiona took a day off school because she 8 A lot of accidents are . People just
a high fever. They called the doctor. need to be more careful.
4 This pizza delicious. Where did you 9 Tina is at tennis. She can’t even hit
buy it? the ball straight!
5 Did the doctor give you a for tablets? 10 Advances in modern medicine mean that a lot more
6 Your respiratory allows you to diseases are these days.
breathe.
7 Some cheeses have a really strong .
They get right up your nose! 1 You must have picked a cold when
you went cycling in the rain last weekend.
3 Complete the dialogue with appropriate words. 2 Could you look the baby while I go
Doctor Could you tell me what your symptoms are? shopping?
Simon Yes, of course. I (1) a terrible 3 Bill hasn’t come from the operation
cough and I (2) sick. yet. He’s still unconscious.
Doctor OK. Well, we can (3) the 4 Steve passed during PE. He was
cough with this medicine. unconscious for ten minutes.
Simon I also (4) a terrible stomach 5 It often takes a while to get a bad
ache and I (5) just a little bit dose of the flu.
dizzy at times. 6 Antibodies are great at fighting
Doctor It sounds like you’ve (6) a disease and prevent us from getting ill.
stomach bug. I’m going to (7)
some pills. Take this to the chemist’s and 6 Write a word for each definition.
you should (8) better soon. 1 The sound you make in your throat when you’re ill.
The antibodies in your blood stream need
to (9) the illness so you must 2 This word means you feel like you’re going to be
take it easy and (10) yourself. sick.
That way you’ll (11) the illness 3 Bad cells that are diseased are described using this
in a couple of days. word.
Simon OK. Thanks, doctor. 4 The part of the body that joins your leg to your
body. You shake it when you salsa.
1 I (not speak) to Ian again if he doesn’t 1 Mike (fix) the TV later today if he
come to my party. (have) his tools, but unfortunately he’s
2 Terence wouldn’t watch TV if he left them at home.
(have) something better to do. 2 They (come) if you
3 If you (own) a car, would you give me (invite) them. So, why didn’t you ask them?
a lift home? 3 If I (have) the qualifications, I
4 Gary (not wear) a hat if it hadn’t been (apply) for the job this minute!
so cold out there. 4 If he (be beaten) he
5 Dan wouldn’t have any money if he (feel) disappointed. Fortunately, though, he won.
(lose) his job. 5 We (not lose) if Susie
6 Unless you (get) up very early, you’ll (not play) so badly. She was hopeless!
miss the sunrise.
2 Read the situations. Then write responses using
as long as even if unless provided that
the prompts.
1 Tony’s lost his job and has no money. 1 I don’t like you very much, and I wouldn’t help you
Oh dear. If / he / have / some money / he / be able you paid me!
to / go shopping. 2 I’m broke. I can’t go shopping you
lend me some money.
2 I’ve hurt my arm and can’t take part in the 3 you keep your part-time job, you’ll
competition. save enough money for the holiday.
What a shame. You / win / if / you / take part. 4 The customer would have had access to his
account he had filled in both forms
3 You know Joe. Can you tell him about the party? correctly.
Sure. If I / see / him / I / tell / him.

4 Look! There’s the bus. 1 If only / I / not miss / film / TV / last night.
I know. Come on! We / catch it / if / you / hurry up.
2 If only / Rob / buy / tickets / yesterday.
5 The library’s closed.
What a shame. If it / be / open / I / borrow / a book. 3 I wish / you / not leave / washing / outside /
yesterday.

3 Rewrite the sentences using the third conditional.
4 I / wish / you / be quiet / now!
1 Mandy didn’t see the movie, but she would have
loved it.
If .
2 Simon missed the bus because he didn’t leave on 1 Amy wouldn’t go even if you invited her.
time.
Simon . 2 I would learn to swim if I were you.
3 Paul could have won the prize, but he didn’t enter
the competition. 3 I wish you didn’t have to go.
If .
4 Jack lost his map so he couldn’t find the hostel. 4 We won’t have any food unless you go shopping.
If .
5 Sally didn’t help Peter make dinner because she
didn’t have time.
Sally .
1 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 4 Make phrasal verbs from the words in the box.
Then complete the sentences with the correct
1 If something is a , then it is good form of the phrasal verbs.
value to buy.
clear take pass
rip give sign
put
2 If you can something, then you have
use off on back up out
away
enough money to buy it.
3 To is to argue about the price with a
1 Barry charged me too much money to buy his CD
market seller in order to get a better deal.
player from him. He me !
4 The of a company is the value of the
2 We mustn’t all sources
products it sells over a particular time.
of fossil fuels. We must save some for the future.
5 If you in a shop or online, then you
3 We our old toys to
look at all the things on sale without buying.
charity
6 To is to buy and use products.
4 We have just managed to
7 To is a synonym for ‘to buy’.
two new members for the team.
8 A is a reduction in price that shops
5 I’m going to this pullover
give you to encourage you to buy.
to the shop. It’s too big for me.
9 The for a product is the amount of a
6 I usually my old clothes
product that customers want to buy.
to my younger sister when I grow out of them.
10
is money in notes and coins.
7 Have you your desks
2 Write words from 1 for the situations. yet? They need to be empty.
8 Jeff me going to see
1 ‘Ten per cent off all items! We offer ten per cent off!
the film because he said it was too long.
Buy now!’
2 ‘OK. Here’s a £10 note, two £1 coins and a fifty 5 Make nouns from the words in the box. Then
pence piece.’ complete the sentences.
3 ‘I can’t believe how cheap it is. It’s much less than I depend professional
consumer popular attract
thought. I think I’ll buy two!’ rigid
press depart appear
environmental
4 ‘I’ll give you £50.’ ‘It’s worth a hundred.’ ‘OK. Sixty.’
‘It’s yours for seventy-five.’ 1 Teenagers have less on their parents
5 ‘We produce a thousand new mobiles every day. than young children.
That’s because our product is popular and people 2 There is so much in the world today.
want to buy them all.’ We all shop and buy things all the time.
6 ‘I have £20 and the scarf costs £19.50. Thank 3 Beautiful buildings and great shops are just two of
goodness. I have enough to buy it!’ the s of visiting Paris.
4 Teenagers are under from parents
and teachers to do well at school.
1 Can I £100 from you? I promise to 5 I’m interested in . I think it’s important
pay you back soon. to protect the natural world.
2 We £100 on rides at the fair last 6 The of the film star at the awards
weekend. ceremony surprised everyone. Nobody expected
3 The running of a leisure centre are her to be there.
very high. They are expensive to run. 7 Paul won’t compromise or change his view at all.
4 I don’t have much money so I’m a window You can’t change the of his position.
at the moment. 8 We waited for the plane in the lounge.
5 Felicity’s new job pays her a very good 9 The of the tennis star is so great that
. hundreds of people turned up to watch him arrive.
6 We got a bargain in the January . 10 These days, there is a lot of in sport.
Everything in the shops was so much cheaper than Athletes get well paid but must train hard.
it usually is.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 3 Complete the sentences by adding two words in
the verbs in brackets. each space.
1 Philip was really disappointed because he 1 Sue waiting for the bus for an hour.
(not do) very well in yesterday’s exam. 2 Yvonne gone home. It’s the only
2 We (hike) for hours but we haven’t reason why she isn’t still at school.
got back to the hostel yet. 3 Amy been rude to her grandmother. It
3 Politicians (say) to be selfish, vain was the wrong thing to do.
and dishonest. 4 It that the population will double in
4 Last week, two children (rescue) by a the next few years.
local fisherman. 5 An announcement made in the
5 A tax rise (just / announce) by the station when I arrived. I stopped to listen.
government. It’s bad news for everybody, I’m 6 Do you think Harry told why he didn’t
afraid. get the prize?
6 If I (play) well, I’ll probably win. 7 Joe been upset if he had lost.
7 What Jim (drink) if there 8 Where go if you get the weekend off?
hadn’t been any lemonade? 9 You won’t get lost as you stick to the
8 I’d help with the washing up if I (have) clearly-marked footpaths.
a bit more time. 10
I wish worked harder at school.
9 I wish we (not have) to get up so early
tomorrow morning.
10 Provided that you sign all the documents, the sale 1 Thomas get up early on a Sunday
(go) through. because there is no school to go to.
a shouldn’t b mustn’t c needn’t
2 Write questions for the answers using the
2 If I Peter, I would have spoken to him
prompts.
about the housework.
1 How long / he / sit there? a had seen b have seen c saw
3 Where been made?
An hour. a it has b had it c it was
2 you / have to / work late / this evening? 4 I wish she cry.
a won’t b doesn’t c wouldn’t
Yes, I do, I’m afraid. 5 The children were round the school
3 Who / the film / direct / by? by one of the teachers.
a being shown b showing c have shown
Spielberg, I think. I enjoyed watching it. 6 If she turned up late again, what do?
4 What / it / make of? a will you b won’t you c would you

Wood.
5 you / have / hair / cut? 1 The students have been told to bring their own
books.
Yeah. Do you like it?
6 What / you / say / if / you / see Karen? 2 The book is thought to be very well written.

I would have apologized. 3 I would have bought you a present if I’d known it
7 Where / you / go / if / it / stop raining? was your birthday.

We’ll go to the park. 4 If I were you, I’d sell the bike.
8 What / you / wish / you / do / last weekend?
5 I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise.
I wish I’d stayed at home!
1 Write a word for each definition. 4 Complete the compound nouns and adjectives
with the correct words.
1 the jury’s final decision
2 a newspaper with sensationalist headlines 1 Harriet bought the CD player second- .
2 Jill is suffering from a head .
3 the money it costs to run a company from day to 3 Damien is a single- person who is
day ambitious and knows exactly what he wants.
4 a court official who calls witnesses 4 Sarah bought socks and under in the
5 a sense which involves using your tongue and is sales.
useful when eating 5 It was a hard- report which criticized
6 feeling sick everybody involved in the fiasco.
7 a big, serious newspaper 6 Amy must have eaten something bad because she
8 a short news programme that is shown regularly now has food .
7 Sally is public- . She helps out in
9 to argue with a shopkeeper in order to get a lower community schemes.
price 8 If you take this drug, there will be bad side
10 something that is sold for a good-value price .
9 Dan is plain- . He isn’t afraid to say
11 a sense that involves using your nose exactly what he thinks.
2 Complete the sentences with words made from 5 Complete the sentences with the correct
the words in brackets. prepositions.
1 The (defend) was found guilty of 1 We’re excited going to the concert.
burglary and assault. 2 Tabloids often dumb news stories.
2 It’s important to follow the correct 3 I was late school this morning.
(proceed) when installing electrical wiring. 4 When did Ben come following his
3 I admire Stan’s (profession). There is operation? Was he unconscious for a long time?
nothing amateurish about what he does. 5 I’m curious who Penny is going to
4 We’ve raised a thousand euros thanks to your invite to her party.
(generous). 6 We shouldn’t use all the paper.
5 Take this (prescribe) to the chemist’s 7 Tony picked a cold on holiday.
and get these pills. 8 I think I’ve been ripped by the CD
6 Andy’s (recover) is taking longer than store. I’ve paid twice as much as I should have.
expected. 9 William passed in the corridor. He
7 Gary is a young (offend) who has was unconscious for a long time.
committed a lot of anti-social crimes. 10 I’m not aware any reason why we
shouldn’t go.
6 Complete the sentences with the infinitive or
1 Bill has a tumour. He needs surgery. gerund form of the verbs in brackets.
2 Stephanie has an disease. She isn’t
1 Sheila remembered (call) me on my
going to get better.
birthday. It was nice talking to her.
3 Paul is to coffee. He can’t stop
2 We couldn’t stop (have) a coffee until
drinking it.
we had finished the project.
4 The injection was . It didn’t hurt at all.
3 I clearly remember (take) the keys
5 The weather in England is . You never
with me this morning.
know what it will be like.
4 Have you finished (use) the
6 Drinking too much alcohol can be very
dictionary? I need to look up one word.
to your health.
5 I forgot (bring) my laptop. Do you
7 Jill has bought a pair of very trainers.
mind if I use your computer?
They’re the latest design.
1 Rewrite the statements in reported speech. 4 Read the dialogue and rewrite it in reported
speech.
1 ‘I don’t mind being here.’
She said . Paul
Where were you going when I saw you last
2 ‘We weren’t doing anything at eight o’clock night?
yesterday evening.’ Ben
I was heading for the library on the corner
They said . of my street.
3 ‘You must get a ticket for next month’s concert.’ Paul Why didn’t you stop to chat with me?
She said . Ben I was in a hurry to return some books.
4 ‘You may know Louise from the evening class.’ Paul I wonder why I don’t believe you!
She said .
5 ‘Lisa is doing a test at the moment.’ 1 Paul asked Ben .
He told us . 2 Ben said .
6 ‘Some of the power cables were damaged in last 3 .
night’s storm.’ 4 .
He told me . 5 Paul wondered .
7 ‘I’m going to help you with the cooking tonight.’
5 Rewrite the sentences using the verbs in the box.
He told .
8 ‘We haven’t finished our picnic yet.’ apologize refuse admit advise agree warn
They told me .
1 ‘I never help with the washing up,’ said Simon.
2 Rewrite the questions in reported speech.
1 ‘What time was it when you finally got home?’ 2 ‘Don’t throw stones,’ said Thomas to the children.
Joe asked us .
2 ‘How many bottles have you found since you 3 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to buy some flowers,’ said
started looking?’ Louisa.
Pat asked Sue .
3 ‘What were you doing when the fire started last 4 ‘I won’t give you any money,’ said Matt.
night?’
The police asked me . 5 ‘You ought to apply for that job,’ Jennifer told me.
4 ‘What time will you get back tonight?’
Jill asked me . 6 ‘I’ll let you borrow my car,’ said Roberta.
5 Did you do the washing up earlier today?
Peter asked me . 6 Translate the sentences into your own language.
6 When will you do your homework?
1 Wendy told them she hadn’t found anything
Mum asked us .
interesting.
3 Write reported commands, requests and
suggestions. Use the prompts in brackets.
2 Ruth suggested holding a party in the nightclub.
1 ‘Switch off your laptop.’ (Ian / Amanda)
3 We warned you not to go there.
2 ‘Let’s go out for lunch!’ (Peter)
4 Rob said he would help me with the gardening.
3 ‘Don’t forget to be home by seven!’ (Steve / Mark)
5 Andrea asked everybody where they had last seen
4 ‘Why don’t we call Stephanie?’ (Harriet) the children.

1 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 4 Complete the sentences with words from 3.
1 Amanda put on her back and set off 1 I’ve set my alarm for seven in the morning because
on holiday. I don’t want to and miss the flight.
2 I love being a sight when I visit an 2 One of the activities you can do after
interesting old city full of monuments to look at. school hours is volleyball practice on Wednesday
3 There is a lot of information about places to stay evenings.
and things to see in the guide . 3 Do you think there is life on other
4 Sandy lives by the sea . She can see planets?
the beach and the sea from her house. 4 Amy is . She can speak Arabic as
5 Air France is the national air of France. well as Spanish and English.
6 A lot of holiday couldn’t get home 5 Be careful not to because you don’t
when their package tour company went bankrupt want to go into debt.
while they were only halfway through their holiday. 6 Maria enjoys the with other people
7 We went for a walk in the country , she gets in her work.
across fields and hills. 7 You shouldn’t how much work there
8 How much is the air from Madrid to is to do. It’ll take much longer than you think.
Sydney in Australia? 8 Sandra can do lots of jobs at the same time, which
9 If you follow the guide in the is good because she has to at work.
instruction book, you won’t go wrong.
2 Write the missing words to complete the
1 I can’t choose the fish dish and the
compound nouns.
vegetarian option.
1 They booked their holiday through a very good 2 You’ll have to queue a ticket to go
agent who organized everything. into the museum.
2 We’d like to change our pounds into euros. What’s 3 Amy kindly paid both of us to go to
the current rate? the theatre.
3 I take my bag with me every time I go 4 Peter is worried his job interview.
away. It’s more comfortable than a bed! 5 What time shall we set for the
4 I always put on cream when it’s mountains? I’d like to get there before dark.
summer because I have sensitive skin. 6 Sam got the bus at the bus stop and
5 Put on your good boots because took it into town.
we’re going on a 15-kilometre hike across the hills.
6 Write a word for each definition.
6 Jackie suffers from sickness a lot.
She feels nauseous when she goes on a coach. 1 to mock or laugh at something in life or politics
7 Bob went on an trip. He stayed with
an Irish family, then an Irish boy stayed with his 2 to reserve (a hotel room or a restaurant table)
family.
8 I love holidays. You can relax while 3 giving you a real sense of a place being described
someone else deals with all the problems.
4 rent
3 Write the prefix that goes with each pair of words.
5 something you use for drying yourself after going in
1 -curricular -terrestrial the sea
2 action -continental 6 a long trip
3 sleep spend 7 a place by the sea, which is built especially for
4 claim visit holidaymakers
5 estimate statement 8 a film or book that describes someone’s travel
6 -task lingual experience
1 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 4 Join the sentences with relative pronouns.
Omit the pronoun where possible.
1 One of my oldest friends has just written me an
1 I haven’t met the old lady cat has email. He has recently moved to Canada.
gone missing.
2 I travelled round a country the 2 Exciting summer jobs in exotic countries can be
standard of living was clearly very low. found by looking on the internet. They are obviously
3 We fixed up one of the walls, was very much in demand.
falling down.
4 I remember a time you could leave 3 I thought it was a lovely moment. Harry kissed June
your door open and nobody would steal anything. after the wedding ceremony.
5 Using a computer is something my
grandfather will never get the hang of. 4 I didn’t really want the present. Ian gave it to me.
6 Rob is a friendly guy lives downstairs.
2 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. 5 We visited a small village. It was in ruins following
the bombing.
1 Tom has a brother. He is a professional footballer.

6 Do you know the name of the shop? Tim bought
2 Do you remember the park? We played rugby there.
the TV there.

3 Jessica left the house at a really early hour of the
morning. There were no people in the streets then. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct
prepositions. Then rewrite them as formal

sentences.
4 I met an accountant. His company works on the
accounts of many famous celebrities. 1 He isn’t someone I could work .

5 In her job, Louise gets lots of tips. She shares them 2 Who is Fiona getting married ?
with the other waiters.
3 It isn’t something I could possibly agree
.
3 Join the sentences. Use commas where necessary.

1 A leading company has gone into liquidation. It 4 The place we had to work was awful.
employs hundreds of people.
5 Amy is the girl I was telling you .
2 We visited a wonderful nature reserve. You can see
flamingos feeding there. 6 Who are you arguing ?

3 The Alps are a popular place to go skiing. They are
located north of Italy.
1 Do you know the girl Jo has just arrived with?
4 My brother rang me last night. You met him once.
2 We went to an old castle, where a king used to live.
5 Walter Cavendish has just moved in next door. He
is a well-known poet. 3 Who did you give it to?

4 My uncle, who left home when he was 12, spent
most of his life at sea.

5 Aspirin is one of those medicines everyone uses.

1 Write a noun for each definition. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
1 a lack of strength 1 Could you me to buy potatoes on the

2 not telling the truth way home?
3 disinterest and boredom 2 I don’t what happened last weekend.
4 honesty and trustworthiness I think I’ve forgotten everything.
5 inability to make your mind up 3 The kids from school went on a day
6 wanting to do something to the zoo. They had a good time.
4 Stephanie can be a very girl. She
2 Write an adjective for each definition.
gets hurt easily if people talk about her.
1 very organized and thorough 5 Wendy always goes with the . She
2 uncertain and unwilling doesn’t like being the leader.
3 good at seeing what’s true 6 I don’t understand Dave at all! I don’t know what
4 friendly and sociable him tick.
5 very reliable and good at working 7 Rebecca has got a in economics, so
6 good at looking at complex things in detail she’s very well qualified for the job.
8 We don’t the weather to get any
3 Circle two words in each list with similar better. It’ll probably rain all day.
meanings. 9 Sue has her purse. She can’t find it
anywhere.
1 methodical sensitive organized
10 How much do you each week in your
flexible intuitive adaptable
2
part-time job?
3 extrovert introvert outgoing
11
We the last bus and had to walk all
4 initiative integrity honesty
the way home.
5 unsure unemotional indecisive
12 Good luck! I you do well in today’s
4 Complete the sentences with appropriate exam.
adjectives. 13 Andy’s sense of humour is characteristic of him. It
1 Penny often shows good . She makes is an odd personality .
good decisions and chooses carefully. I think
14 broadens the mind.
2 Roger is a very person who does Everybody should go to foreign countries and have
things on the spur of the moment without wasting adventures.
any time. 15
A in law must be very rewarding. It’s
3 Damien has shown in his new role. a job for life and very interesting.
He has held meetings and contacted new clients.
4 Simon is . He likes working with his
hands and is good at sorting out problems. 1 I’ll deal all this work. You can relax.
5 Julie isn’t afraid to show her feelings and to 2 Doing well at university is a good way of getting
sympathize with others. She’s an in life.
person. 3 I don’t want to end in a boring job.
6 Will is – he enjoys change, and is 4 I don’t how you put up Robert’s rude
good at working in challenging situations. behaviour.
7 Matt is a friendly, person who is good 5 The company has taken some more
at meeting and getting on with people. staff for the summer.
8 Kerry is good with numbers, statistics and data. In 6 I’m saving to buy a bike.
fact, she’s in everything she does. 7 Greg moved last Friday. He doesn’t
9 Kim arrives on time, does the job well, and is very live here anymore.
in all areas of her work.

10
Jack is – he never knows what to do
or which option to take.
1 Choose the best option to complete the sentences. 4 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Use the
prompts in brackets.
1 They have each other since 2001.
a known b been knowing 1 ‘I’m sorry I missed the meeting.’ (apologize)
2 The employees since last month. Susanna .
a haven’t paid b haven’t been paid 2 ‘Don’t wait outside in the rain, Karen.’ (tell)
3 You walk home alone. It’s dangerous. Andy .
a needn’t b mustn’t 3 ‘I didn’t come here by train.’ (say)
4 I wish I the test yesterday. Tom .
a didn’t fail b hadn’t failed 4 ‘Where are you going this evening?’ (ask)
5 Joe suggested out. Maria .
a go b going 5 ‘Please help me, Jo.’ (ask)
6 Alan asked done. Jack .
a what we had b what had we 6 ‘Why don’t we leave?’ (suggest)
Jennifer .
7 ‘Do you want to come round tomorrow?’ (ask)
Georgia .
1 Jill (lay) the table for lunch. Doesn’t it
5 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. Add
look fantastic?
2 Paul cried because he (lose) his mum.
3 You shouldn’t (buy) us tickets but I’m 1 Kelly is a friendly girl. She lives in our village.
glad you did.
4 When we got there, Matt (give) first 2 Our house is large and comfortable. It is built on a
aid. We could only watch the paramedics. hill.
5 The child must (tell) to be quiet by his
parents because he was silent during the play. 3 Susanna has just got a place at Harvard University.
6 If you come round now, you (be) able She is one of my best friends.
to see Tom before he goes.
7 If Graham didn’t eat so much chocolate, he 4 I remember a time. A lot of women used to wear
(not put) on weight. headscarves.
8 If you (read) the book, you’ll find out
what happens in the end. 5 We walked all the way to the north coast. There is a
9 What he (find) if he had lighthouse there.
looked a bit more carefully?
10 If the swimming pool (not be) closed, 6 Translate the sentences into your own language.
I’d go for a swim.
1 Jake hadn’t been there before.
3 Rewrite the sentences using the words in
brackets.
2 The TV is being repaired.
1 Pay the fee. Then you can start on Friday. (Provided
that) 3 What would you have thought if Tim had refused to
come to the party?
2 We didn’t bring a towel. (If only)
4 Patrick asked if we knew where the post office was.
3 Adam may apologize but I refuse to speak to him
again! (Even if) 5 The people I met were really nice.

4 Susie won’t shut up. (I wish)

1 Write an adjective for each description. 4 Write a compound noun for each definition.
1 Alan is hopeless at making his mind up about 1 travellers fill this with clothes and other things and
things. carry it on their journeys
2 Sheila is good at looking at data and statistics in 2 this person helps you book your holiday
careful detail.
3 Donna gets upset easily. 3 people on a two-week package tour, staying in a
4 Fiona is calm under pressure. hotel and going to the beach
5 David is friendly and sociable. 4 people who watch live music in the countryside on
6 Sarah is flexible and happy to accept change or do a long summer weekend
things differently. 5 a historical period when a country is successful and
7 Simon is reliable, punctual, works hard and does rich
everything well and carefully at work. 6 a TV programme on which someone interviews
8 Tom tends to do things suddenly and without celebrities
thinking. 7 when two people from different countries take
9 Henry is always telling lies. it in turns to stay with each other’s families
10 Patrick is ambitious and knows exactly what he
wants. 8 this controls the way we breathe – it includes your
lungs and trachea
9 products such as irons, microwaves and toasters
1 What Julia tick? What is she like?
2 Could you me to write to Vera? I
5 Complete the sentences with suitable words.
don’t want to forget.
3 Jenny has her bag. She can’t find it. 1 The operation was very . It hurt a lot.
4 Rachel arrived at the station late and 2 The accident was . If the two cyclists
the train to Edinburgh. She had to wait an hour. had been careful, it wouldn’t have happened.
5 How much did they you to buy a 3 Jo is . She speaks four languages.
ticket? 4 It is an company with offices in
6 Stephanie a bad cold. 20 countries.
7 The expedition off on a journey. 5 Jill’s is remarkable. She gives
8 Ian always the newspaper headlines thousands of euros to charity every year.
before he chooses which articles to read. 6 I’d like to Monaco. It’s a lovely place
9 After the flight, Sue nauseous. and worth going again.
10 Sally has just got a pay rise and now 7 I this morning and missed the bus.
50,000 euros a year in her job. 8 My favourite is an ornament from
South Africa that my uncle gave me.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct
prepositions. 6 Write a word for each definition.
1 I‘m saving to buy a bike. 1 a satirical, mocking piece of writing
2 Louise is worrying waking up in time. 2 bored and disinterested
3 Claire is always complaining me. 3 from a different planet (compound adjective)
4 I’ll pay breakfast. What do you want?
5 We ended at the seaside after driving 4 a part of the body that joins the leg to the body
for hours.
6 William put me going to London 5 spend too much
when he told me how expensive it was.
7 Jack came after being unconscious
for 20 minutes.
8 Sally is jealous her older sister.
Answer key grammar & vocabulary (Plus)
Grammar and 9 1 any 2 a few 3 the 4 any Grammar

vocabulary 5 the
6 many 7 a
8 some / a little 9 a 10 a Unit 1
Start of Year 11 much 12 a 13 some 1 1 have just made / made
1 1 doesn’t wear 2 do you get the
14 2 worked / lived
3 am walking 4 don’t have 10
1 on 2 on 3 at 4 in 3 has just changed / had already
5 likes 6 am getting 5 at
6 at 7 in 8 at
9 at watched
7 does the train get 8 is sitting 10
at 4 got / had been delayed
9 do they earn
11
5 Has Sally written / started
2 1 We aren’t playing football at the
subject object possessive possessive 2 1 When did Jenny join the book
moment.
pronoun pronoun pronoun adjective club?
2 Nathan always goes to bed very
I me mine my 2 How long has Simon had a bad
early.
you you yours your cold?
3 I often meet my friends in the city
he him his his 3 When did he write the play?
centre.
she her hers her 4 Has he lost his umbrella?
4 Sue is sitting over there right now.
it it its its 5 What time did she get up?
5 She is never on time for
we us ours our
appointments.
they them theirs their
3 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 d 5 c
6 They aren’t talking at the
4 1 known 2 had forgotten
moment. 12 1 his 2 us 3 hers 4 he
3 have been waiting 4 told
7 Are you doing the washing up 5 mine 6 their 7 ours
5 hadn’t eaten
right now? 8 his 9 its
10 yours
6 have you been renovating
8 What time does school usually
13 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a
start? 5 1 had been working 2 met
5 b 6 a
3 1 designs 2 am wearing 3 had just written 4 have been
3 is staying 4 doesn’t live 14 1 She asked if I often spent my 5 has helped 6 have had
5 has 6 goes 7 meets holidays here. 7 has been travelling 8 sent
8 doesn’t spend 2 She said Jo wasn’t doing 9 had interviewed 10 had
anything at that moment.
4 1 brought / showed 6 Students’ own answers
3 They told us they were going to
2 did, go / was
call Ralph the following day.
3 was walking / started
4 He said he had spoken to David Unit 2
4 stood / hit
two days before. 1 1 You should do more exercise.
5 was Ivan wearing / saw
5 He asked me how much money 2 You needn’t buy a ticket in
6 Did you meet / arrived she had at that moment. advance.
7 was shining / were singing 6 He said she hadn’t signed the 3 Pedestrians mustn’t cross
8 was drinking / stole document yet. the road except at the zebra
5 1 used to play 2 had forgotten 15 1 The novel was written by James crossing.
3 used to try 4 had already eaten Smith last year. 4 The students mustn’t run in the
5 hadn’t arrived 6 used to work 2 The new road hasn’t been corridor.
opened yet. 5 Tony has to / must wear a helmet
6 1 Olivia has just bought a new coat.
3 The thieves are being arrested by when he’s climbing.
2 Has Ray ever had a job before?
3 Louise found a Roman coin a the police at this moment. 2 1 David needn’t have made any
week ago. 4 The students won’t be told their sandwiches.
4 Gary hasn’t seen the horror film results until tomorrow. 2 William should have cleaned his
yet. 5 Sally should have been promoted room.
5 Did Patrick write ten emails last last month. 3 Louise shouldn’t have got angry.
night? 16 1 would she see 2 wasn’t 4 The teacher should have given
her students some homework.
7 3 had got 4 starts 5 will offer
5 Thomas must have lost his wallet
adjective comparative superlative 6 would perform 7 boil
at the fairground.
narrow narrower the narrowest 8 won’t win 9 had left
6 Rachel may have missed the bus.
bad worse the worst 10 will you put
tidy tidier the tidiest 11 wouldn’t have eaten 12 says 3 1 may 2 can’t 3 must
comfortable more the most 13 Would you do 4 might 5 could
comfortable comfortable 14 doesn’t work 15 would go 4 1 can’t 2 must
far further the furthest
17 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 b 3 may / might / could
wet wetter the wettest
5 c 6 c 4 shouldn’t 5 needn’t
8 1 the wettest 2 tidier 6 must
3 narrower 4 worse
5 further
6 the most comfortable 7 wetter
8 more comfortable
5 1 could have won 3 All the equipment must be 3 1 If Mandy had seen the movie, she
2 should have gone cleaned after every experiment. would have loved it.
3 needn’t stay 4 mustn’t wear 4 The world record for the 800 2 Simon wouldn’t have missed the
5 must put 6 can’t have left metres was recently broken. bus if he had left on time.
5 A new cure for cancer has 3 If Paul had entered the
6 Students’ own answers been discovered by medical competition, he could have won
researchers. the prize.
Units 1–2 4 If Jack hadn’t lost his map, he
4 1 Lots of money is being given to
1 1 haven’t seen 2 hadn’t slept charities to fight epidemics in could have found a / the hostel.
3 have got 4 have been doing Africa. 5 Sally would have helped Peter
5 have criticized Charities are being given lots make dinner if she had had time.
6 have forgotten of money to fight epidemics in 4 1 would fix / had
Africa.
2 1 How long has Danny been 2 would have come / had invited
2 The truth should have been told
dancing? 3 had / would apply
to the students.
2 What had Tom just drunk when 4 had been beaten / would have
The students should have been
you got there? felt
told the truth.
3 How many photos did you take 5 wouldn’t have lost / hadn’t played
last weekend? 5 1 It has been reported that the
number of cases of meningitis is 5 1 even if 2 unless
4 Have you been waiting long?
rising. 3 As long as 4 provided that
5 Has Sally seen the new movie?
The number of cases of 6 1 If only I hadn’t missed the film on
6 How many books have you read? meningitis has been reported to TV last night.
3 1 have to 2 shouldn’t have be rising.
2 If only Rob had bought tickets
3 has been 4 he had 2 It is thought that science is more yesterday.
5 doesn’t have 6 have been important than arts and literature.
3 I wish you hadn’t left the washing
Science is thought to be more
4 1 You shouldn’t have got so bad- outside yesterday.
important than arts and literature.
tempered. 4 I wish you would be quiet now!
3 It was said that mapping the
2 You needn’t wash the vegetables 7 Students’ own answers
human genome was impossible.
before you cook them.
Mapping the human genome was
3 It can’t have been Robert. said to be impossible. Units 1–4
4 You ought to work harder.
6 1 Where did you have / get your 1 1 hadn’t done
5 You might not enjoy the film.
hair restyled? 2 have been hiking 3 are said
6 You needn’t have bought a ticket.
2 I have just had / got my eyesight 4 were rescued
7 You have to shower before going tested.
into the pool. 5 has just been announced
3 Will you have / get the tiles on the 6 play 7 would Jim have drunk
5 1 a 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 b roof of your garage fixed? 8 had 9 didn’t have
10 will go
6 Students’ own answers 4 Amy wants to have / get her
kitchen painted. 2 1 How long has he been sitting
there?
Unit 3 5 Our neighbours are having /
2 Do you have to work late this
getting their lawn replanted.
1 1 is being revolutionized evening?
7 Students’ own answers
2 has just been given 3 Who was the film directed by?
3 was understood 4 What is it made of?
Unit 4
4 must have been given 5 Have you had your hair cut?
5 hasn’t been carried 1 1 won’t speak 2 had 6 What would you have said if you
6 had been told 3 owned 4 wouldn’t have worn had seen Karen?
5 lost 6 get 7 Where will you go if it stops
2 1 has just been published
2 1 Oh dear. If he had some money, raining?
2 have been designed
he would be able to go shopping. 8 What do you wish you had done
3 was written last weekend?
4 were asked 2 What a shame. You would / could
have won if you had taken part. 3 1 has been 2 must have
5 are included
3 Sure. If I see him, I’ll tell him. 3 shouldn’t have 4 is said
6 should be warned
4 I know. Come on! We’ll / can 5 was being 6 has been
7 have to be followed
catch it if you hurry up. 7 would have 8 will you
8 will be sold
5 What a shame. If it had been 9 long as 10 I had
3 1 The researchers are being shown open, I would have borrowed a
around the new facility. 4 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 c
book.
2 One of Dr Smith’s elderly patients 5 a 6 c
is being treated for arthritis. 5 Students’ own answers
Unit 5 4 Matt refused to give her / him any 2 Who is Fiona getting married to?
money. To whom is Fiona getting married?
1 1 She said she didn’t mind being
5 Jennifer advised me to apply for 3 It isn’t something I could possibly
there.
the job. agree with.
2 They said they hadn’t been doing
6 Roberta agreed to let me borrow It isn’t something with which I
anything at eight o’clock the
her car. could possibly agree.
evening before.
6 Students’ own answers 4 The place we had to work in was
3 She said I / we had to get a ticket
awful.
for the concert the following
month. Unit 6 That place in which we had to
work was awful.
4 She said I / we might (have 1 1 whose 2 where 3 which
known) Louise from the evening 5 Amy is the girl I was telling you
4 when 5 – (which)
6 who about.
class.
5 He told us Lisa was doing a test 2 1 Tom has a brother who is a Amy is the girl about whom I was
at that moment. professional footballer. telling you.
6 He told me some of the power 2 Do you remember the park 6 Who are you arguing with?
cables had been damaged in the where we played rugby? With whom are you arguing?
storm the night before. 3 Jessica left the house at a really 6 Students’ own answers
7 He told me he was going to help early hour of the morning when
there were no people in the
me with the cooking that night.
streets.
Units 1–6
8 They told me they hadn’t finished
their picnic yet. 4 I met an accountant whose 1 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b
company works on the accounts 6 a
5 b
2 1 Joe asked us what time it was of many famous celebrities.
when we finally got home. 2 1 has laid 2 had lost
5 In her job, Louise gets lots of tips,
2 Pat asked Sue how many bottles 3 have bought
which she shares with the other
she had found since she had 4 was being given
waiters.
started looking. 5 have been told
6 will be
3 The police asked me what I had 3 1 A leading company, which 7 wouldn’t put
8 read
been doing when the fire had employs hundreds of people, has
9 would, have found 10 wasn’t
started the night before. gone into liquidation.
2 We visited a wonderful nature 3 1 Provided that you pay the fee,
4 Jill asked me what time I would
reserve, where you can see you can start on Friday.
get back that night.
flamingos feeding. 2 If only we had brought a towel.
5 Peter asked me if I had done the
washing up earlier that day. 3 The Alps, which are located north 3 Even if Adam apologizes, I (will)
of Italy, are a popular place to go refuse to speak to him again!
6 Mum asked us when we would
skiing. 4 I wish Susie would shut up.
do our homework.
4 My brother, who you met once,
3 1 Ian told Amanda to switch off her 4 1 Susanna apologized for missing
rang me last night.
laptop. the meeting.
5 Walter Cavendish, who is a well-
2 Peter suggested going out for 2 Andy told Karen not to wait
known poet, has just moved in
lunch. outside in the rain.
next door.
3 Steve reminded Mark to be home 3 Tom said he hadn’t gone there by
by seven.
4 1 One of my oldest friends, who train.
has recently moved to Canada, 4 Maria asked where I was / we
4 Harriet suggested calling
has just written me an email. were going that evening.
Stephanie.
2 Exciting summer jobs in exotic 5 Jack asked Jo to help him.
4 1 Paul asked Ben where he had countries, which are obviously
6 Jennifer suggested leaving.
been going when he had seen very much in demand, can be
him the night before. 7 Georgia asked if I / we wanted to
found by looking on the internet.
go round the next day.
2 Ben said he had been heading 3 I thought it was a lovely moment,
for the library on the corner of his when Harry kissed June after the 5 1 Kelly is a friendly girl who lives in
street. wedding ceremony. our village.
3 Paul asked Ben why he hadn’t 4 Ian gave me the present, which I 2 Our house, which is built on a hill,
stopped to chat with him. didn’t really want. is large and comfortable.
4 Ben said he had been in a hurry 5 We visited a small village, 3 Susanna, who is one of my best
to return some books. which was in ruins following the friends, has just got a place at
5 Paul wondered why he didn’t bombing. Harvard University.
believe him. 6 Do you know the name of the 4 I remember a time when a
shop where Tim bought the TV? lot of women used to wear
5 1 Simon admitted he never helped
headscarves.
with the washing up. 5 1 He isn’t someone I could work
for / with. 5 We walked all the way to the
2 Thomas warned the children not
north coast, where there is a
to throw stones. He isn’t someone for / with whom
lighthouse.
3 Louisa apologized for forgetting I could work.
to buy some flowers. 6 Students’ own answers
Vocabulary 3 1 give 2 hopping 3 skim 5 1 dependence 2 consumerism

4 surfs 5 dumb 6 hear 3 attraction 4 pressure
Unit 1 7 burgled 8 tune 5 environmentalism
1 1 tabloid 2 transition 4 1 about 2 for 3 of 4 to 6 appearance 7 rigidity
3 biased 4 journalist 5 to 8 departure 9 popularity
5 documentary 6 editor 10
professionalism
5 1 plain-spoken 2 public-spirited
7 broadsheet 8 chat show 3 single-minded 4 cool-headed
9 sensation 10 debate Units 1–4
5 hard-hitting 6 cold-hearted
2 1 surfing 2 given 3 hopping 6 1 browsing 2 objective 1 1 verdict 2 tabloid
3 running costs 4 bailiff
4 tunes 5 dumb 6 skim 3 news flash 4 golden age
5 taste 6 nauseous
3 1 analyst 2 producer 5 turning point 6 verdict
7 broadsheet 8 bulletin
3 newsreader 4 era 7 fine
10 bargain 11 smell
9 haggle
5 chat show host 6 news flash 7 1 working 2 to buy 3 seeing
2 1 defendant 2 procedure
4 1 podcast 2 newsreader 4 to have
3 professionalism 4 generosity
3 web pages 4 headlines 5 prescription 6 recovery
5 spotlight 6 broadsheets Unit 3
7 offender
5 1 point 2 news 3 press 1 1 diagnose 2 prescribe
3 1 malignant 2 incurable
4 affairs 5 conference 3 suffer 4 treat
4 painless
3 addicted
6 factors 7 host 8 age 5 transplant 6 heal 7 reject
5 unpredictable 6 harmful
9 alerts 10 bulletin 2 1 regenerate 2 feel 3 had 7 fashionable
4 tastes 5 prescription
4 1 hand 2 ache 3 minded
Unit 2 6 system 7 smell
4 wear 5 hitting 6 poisoning
1 1 kidnap 2 mug 3 rob 3 1 have 2 feel 3 cure 8 effects 9 spoken
7 spirited
4 burgle 5 steal 6 murder 4 have 5 feel 6 picked up
5 1 about 2 down 3 for
2 1 bailiff 2 witnessed 3 judge 7 prescribe 8 feel / get
4 round 5 about 6 up
4 culprit 5 suspect 9 fight off 10 look after
7 up 8 off 9 out 10 of
6 defendant 7 juror 8 victim get over
11
6 1 to call 2 to have 3 taking
3 1 about 2 to 3 of 4 for 4 1 harmful 2 painless 4 using 5 to bring
5 of 6 about 7 for 8 of 3 hopeful 4 painful
5 unavoidable 6 incurable Unit 5
4 1 court 2 judge 3 jury
7 predictable 8 avoidable
4 defendant 5 witnesses 1 1 backpack 2 sightseer
9 hopeless 10 curable
6 victim 7 statement 3 guidebook 4 seaside
8 sentence 9 fine 5 1 up 2 after 3 round 4 out 5 airline 6 holidaymakers
misdemeanour
10 5 over 6 off 7 countryside 8 airfare
6 1 cough 2 nauseous 9 guidelines
5 1 hard-hitting 2 single-minded
3 malignant 4 hip
3 cold-hearted 4 cool-headed 2 1 travel 2 exchange
5 plain-spoken 6 public-spirited 3 sleeping 4 sun 5 walking
Unit 4 6 travel 7 exchange
6 1 single-minded 2 cool-headed
1 8 package
3 plain-spoken 4 public-spirited
1 bargain 2 afford 3 haggle
5 cold-hearted 6 hard-hitting 3 1 extra 2 inter 3 over 4 re
4 turnover 5 browse
7 1 of 2 with 3 spend 5 under 6 multi
6 consume 7 purchase
4 with 5 got 4 1 oversleep 2 extra-curricular
8 discount 9 demand
10
Cash 3 extra-terrestrial 4 multilingual
Unit 1–2 5 overspend 6 interaction
2 1 discount 2 cash 3 bargain
1 1 burglar 2 suspect 3 judge 7 underestimate 8 multi-task
4 haggle 5 demand 6 afford
4 defendant 5 witness 5 1 between 2 for 3 for
6 victim 7 kidnapper 8 juror 3 1 borrow 2 spent 3 costs
4 about 5 off 6 on
9 mugger 10 robber 4 shopper 5 wage 6 sales
6 1 satirize 2 book 3 evocative
2 1 presenter 2 chat show host 4 1 ripped, off 2 use up
4 hire 5 towel 6 journey
3 producer 4 newsreader 3 gave away 4 sign up
7 resort 8 travelogue
5 editor 6 journalist 5 take, back 6 pass on
7 cleared out 8 put, off
Unit 6
1 1 weakness 2 dishonesty
3 apathy 4 integrity
5 indecision
6 willingness
2 1 methodical 2 reluctant
3 intuitive 4 outgoing
5 efficient 6 analytical
3 1 methodical organized
2 flexible adaptable
3 extrovert outgoing
4 integrity honesty
5 unsure indecisive
4 1 judgment 2 spontaneous
3 initiative 4 practical
5 emotional 6 adaptable
7 outgoing 8 analytical
9 efficient 10 indecisive
5 1 remind 2 remember 3 trip
4 sensitive 5 flow 6 makes
7 degree 8 expect 9 lost
10 earn 11 missed 12 hope
13 trait 14 travel
15 career
6 1 with 2 on 3 up 4 with
5 on 6 up
7 out
Unit 1–6
1 1 indecisive 2 analytical
3 sensitive 4 cool-headed
5 outgoing 6 adaptable
7 efficient 8 spontaneous
9 dishonest 10 single-minded
2 1 makes 2 remind 3 lost
4 missed 5 charge 6 has
7 set
8 skims 9 felt
10
earns
3 1 up 2 about 3 to / about
for 5 up 6 off
4
7 round 8 of
4 1 backpack 2 travel agent
3 holidaymakers 4 festival-goers
5 golden age 6 chat show
7 exchange trip
8
respiratory system
9 electrical goods
5 1 painful 2 avoidable
3 multilingual
4 international
5 generosity 6 revisit
7 overslept 8 possession
6 1 parody 2 apathy
3 extra-terrestrial
4 hip
5 overspend
Reading practice 1
Young people don’t read newspapers

A Recently released figures have just revealed another they’re older, and that, as people are living longer,
slight rise in the numbers of broadsheets sold appealing to an older readership is no bad thing.
annually in the UK. At first glance, this is enough However, this misses the point. What other industry
to bring a smile to the face of any newspaper would fail to address the fact that young people
proprietor. However, these figures only serve to dislike its product?
hide a much deeper and more worrying trend
C The truth is that newspapers are run by a generation
which, sooner or later, will have a huge impact on
of people who started work in an age when there
the newspaper industry. The average age of readers
were no computers, and they have largely failed
has been climbing steadily, from fifty-one years
to embrace the new technologies that are a daily
old a few years ago to fifty-four now, and there is
part of the lives of teenagers. Young people are
little doubt that this trend will continue. Put simply,
used to researching and finding what they want to
young people don’t read papers, and if the press
know online, so the idea of flicking through the
fails to address the problem, one day there may be
dense print of a newspaper is alien. Not only that,
no one left who buys their product.
but newspapers don’t reflect the interests of young
B Some cynical editors have argued that the problem people. Until these issues are addressed, teenagers
isn’t as much of a concern as it first appears, that are likely to stay away from broadsheets and find
young people will start reading papers when out about what’s happening in the world from other
sources.
3 Find words and phrases in the text that mean …

Remember!
Identify key words in true or false sentences and find 1 small.
them in the text. Then look for words that confirm or 2 very big.
contradict the sentences. 3 deal with.
4 a worry.
1 Look at the underlined key words in the sentences. 5 haven’t understood or accepted.
Then find synonyms in the text.
4 Answer the questions in your own words.
1 There has been an increase in sales of serious
British newspapers in recent years. 1 What is the worrying trend that the writer talks
2 The writer of the article is fairly certain that the about?
average age of newspaper readers will continue
to go up gradually.
3 Some people in the newspaper industry claim that 2 What two arguments do cynical editors make to
their product is attractive to young people. say that it isn’t a big problem?
4 Reading a newspaper seems strange to young
people who are used to using modern technology.
3 In what way are editors and journalists not in touch
2 Read the text. Are the statements in 1 true or with young people today?
false? Quote words from the text to support your
answers.

1
4 What are the two issues that need to be addressed
2
before young people start buying newspapers?
3

4

Reading practice 2
The jury system

Criminal trials in Britain and the United States differ their views and prejudices, and might demand that
considerably from those in Spain and other parts some jurors are removed from the trial as a result of
of Europe. One major difference is the regular and this questioning. We asked a few recent jurors what
well-established use of juries to decide on guilt or people on jury service should know in advance.
innocence. Both English-speaking nations call on Their views are interesting and illuminating. Most
twelve unexceptional individuals to attend court as said it was boring. Being a juror involves arriving
jurors, and everybody on the electoral register, apart at court early and having to wait around for hours
from those with a criminal record, may be called before a trial starts. You should bring a book and
upon. However, just because an individual is asked be patient. Others were frustrated that they had to
to attend doesn’t mean he or she will inevitably attend because the expenses they received failed to
end up in the courtroom. The judge or lawyers for cover the earnings they lost by not going to work or
the defence or prosecution may ask people to stand having to close their business for the day. However,
down from the jury if, for example, they have a many considered it a fascinating insight into how
connection with people involved in the trial. Unlike the legal system worked. They felt as though they
those in Britain, American attorneys have the right were doing something important, and playing a key
to cross-examine jurors to find out about role in how society functions.
3 Find words in the text that mean …

Remember!
When looking for synonyms and antonyms, decide 1 a list of people who have the right to vote.
if the words you need to find are nouns, adjectives
or verbs. Prefixes and suffixes are often used to give 2 leave (an official position).
opposite meanings. 3 ask questions of people at a trial.
4 before doing something.
1 Skim the text and find synonyms or antonyms for 5 a chance to understand and learn about something.
the words below.
Find synonyms for …

4 Choose the best answer according to the text.
1 frequent.
2 unavoidably. 1 A difference between trials in Britain and the USA is
3 very important. that …
4 ordinary. a British trials are comparable to those in Europe.
b not everybody called can appear on a British jury.
Find antonyms for …
c lawyers in the USA question jurors.
5 similar to.
d American jurors may have a connection to the
6 uninteresting.
case.
2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words 2 A number of jurors said that being part of a jury
from the text to support your answers.
was …
1 Unlike Britain, the USA doesn’t use the jury system a an informative experience.
in trials. b an exciting day out.
c a way to meet people.
2 Even people with a criminal record may be called d a time that passed quickly.
upon to serve on a British jury.
3 One concern expressed by jurors was that …

a you needed a lot of patience to listen to the
3 British lawyers will interview jury members to
evidence.
see whether their views may be prejudicial to the
b it was boring having to listen to the judge and
defendant.
lawyers.

c you weren’t properly recompensed for money
4 A lot of jurors found it interesting to see how the
lost by not being at work.
legal system worked in their country.
d it was frustrating having to play such a key role.

Reading practice 3
Painless injections
A If you had a choice, would you choose an injection to design and make tiny, microscopic needles,
or choose a pain-free means of receiving a vaccine? which, when coated with the flu vaccine, can be
Well, for most that’s a no-brainer. There aren’t used to inject patients. The point is that if you can’t
many fans of needles. However, as it’s a key part see the needle, you won’t be able to feel it either. It’s
of many medical procedures, there’s currently no an ingenious, new way to administer medicines.
way around getting shots the painful way until new
C If trials are successful, there will be other benefits
ways of dispensing specific medicines or vaccines
to using this exciting new method. Firstly, whereas
can be found. But things may be about to change. If
a trained nurse is required to give a traditional
recent research articles are to be believed, medical
injection, patients will be able to use microneedles
researchers at two major American universities
on their own. They will simply have to apply them
have teamed up to develop a flu vaccine that may
to the skin as if they were putting a plaster on. And
eventually prove to be both painless and easy to
secondly, because vaccines and medicines will
administer.
be administered without puncturing the skin, the
B This new technology is something the researchers risk of infection will be very small. This is of great
like to call ‘microneedles’. Thanks to the sort importance in the developing world where the
of nanotechnology currently used to make the shortage of trained medical personnel means that
integrated circuits found in computers, it is possible injections often result in blood poisoning or worse.

Remember!
To answer open questions, read them carefully, identify 1 a very simple choice.
key words, and write an answer using your own words. 2 injections.
3 got together.
1 Read the question and the extract from the text. 4 covered.
Rewrite the extract using synonyms and your own
5 clever and creative.
words.
4 Are the statements true or false? Quote words
1 Why, currently, do we have no choice except to
receive some vaccines by injection only?
1 Currently, most people would prefer to use
… as it’s a key part of many medical procedures,
traditional injections even if they had a choice.
there’s currently no way around getting shots the

painful way until new ways of dispensing specific
2 The research involved in developing microneedles
medicines or vaccines can be found …
has been carried out in more than one university.

3 The invention of microneedles has been influenced

by developments in computer technology.

2 Answer the questions in your own words. 4 We will need to train more nurses to use the new
microneedles.
1 What are microneedles?

2 What are the two benefits of using microneedles?

3 Why will microneedles reduce the risk of infection in
the developing world?

Reading practice 4
Car boot sales

A Car boot sales are incredibly popular in Britain. stalls, where you are more likely to maximize your
During the summer months, when the weather is sales and your profits. Being unprepared may mean
fine enough to spend a day haggling in the open a frustrating day out for a car boot salesperson,
air, British families load up the car with unwanted which could cost him or her more in petrol and
books, toys and ornaments, and drive out to a entrance fee than he or she can make in profit. So,
farmer’s field somewhere deep in the countryside. what follows are our tips to having a successful day
There, they park next to all the other families with at the car boot sale.
the same idea, unload the car, and spend the rest
C Any car boot salesperson should start by doing a
of the day trying to sell what they’ve brought. It’s a
bit of research. This might involve checking out the
sort of do-it-yourself second-hand market, and it’s
best locations for car boot sales on the internet, or
a great way for people to declutter their houses of
visiting sales as a customer to see what prices are
things they really don’t want anymore.
being offered and how goods are laid out to their
B There is, however, quite an art to being a successful best advantage. It’s a good idea to pack the car the
car boot salesperson. Naturally, there is an entrance night before so that you can head off early and get
fee to be allowed to park your car and set up your to the car boot sale first, and once all your goods
stall, and there is fierce competition to get good have been clearly laid out at the sale, they should
spots, usually near the entrance or near the food be organized carefully with things that are likely to
interest most customers placed at the front.
1 Are the statements true or false? Quote words 3 Read the text and choose the best answer.
1 A car boot sale is …
1 Car boot sales generally take place in cities. a a market where second-hand goods are sold.
b a do-it-yourself shop in the country.
2 Most of the things for sale at car boot sales are new. c a market where people sell their own things.
d a market which sells things for the family.
3 You have to pay to set up a stall at a car boot sale.
2 To maximize sales at a car boot sale, …

a set up a food stall.
4 You should try to get to a car boot sale early if you
b park near to the exit.
want to maximize your sales.
c park your car for free.

d get a spot near the entrance.
Remember! 3 Before trying to sell things at a car boot sale, you
In multiple-choice questions, reject clearly wrong should …
options and find words to confirm or contradict a drive round checking out good locations.
possible options. b apply to join on the internet.
c check out prices and good spots.
2 Which option is clearly wrong? Which options are d get to the sale the night before.
confirmed or contradicted by the word ‘unwanted’?
4 Find phrasal verbs in the text that mean …
1 What sort of things are sold at a car boot sale?
a old cars and other vehicles 1 fill (a car).
b things people don’t need anymore 2 put in place.
c brand new books and toys 3 investigating.
4 leave (on a journey).
5 placed carefully on a surface.
Reading practice 5
Cuba’s green revolution

A Deforestation is often said to be both destructive area of outstanding beauty that has benefitted the
and irreversible, so I was surprised when a friend economy as well as the environment by bringing in
advised me to hire a car and drive into the interior tourism and jobs.
of Cuba to see first hand a huge area of almost
C Indeed, it’s true to say that if the land had remained
30,000 hectares of tropical rainforest which simply
agricultural, it would have been much less profitable
didn’t exist fifty years ago. Although I’d been to the
than it is now. There are still farmers who survive
island once before, many years previously, I’d never
here on smallholdings but they make very little.
managed to get beyond the capital Havana and
The meaningful jobs come from tourism. Tastefully
the beach resorts, so it was a revelation to me to
designed bungalows have been built in the
find that there were such lush valleys a mere forty
rainforest, allowing tourists to stay and experience
minutes drive from the heat and noise of Cuba’s
the beauties of the rainforest for themselves. At the
largest city.
same time, this has created better conditions for
B I was told that before the Cuban Revolution of the ordinary people who live in this area. They had
1959, my destination, the Sierra del Rosario Nature no water or electricity or medicine before, but the
and Biosphere Reserve, had been dusty yellow money from tourism has allowed them to introduce
and brown scrub. Herds of beef cattle had grazed these things into their community. The people have
these hills. However, the revolutionary leader Fidel also been given the work of replanting the forest.
Castro had said that he would initiate a reforestation In the 1980s and 1990s, they planted over eight
programme and the biosphere is one of the results. million trees, a programme that has resulted in a
While much of the world was pulling up its wonderful, sustainable rainforest where once there
rainforests for raw materials, Cuba was replanting was nothing.
areas that had been lost to farming. The result is an
1 Read the text and choose the best answer.

Remember!
1 On driving inland, the writer was surprised to find In sentence completion exercises, pay attention to the
that … connectors in the sentence halves and use your own
a the rainforest didn’t exist anymore. words to complete them.
b the rainforest was so far from the capital.
c such luxuriant forest existed. 3 Rewrite the italicized part of the extract from the
text to complete the sentence half.
d deforestation had spread so far.
Deforestation is often said to be both destructive and
2 The writer discovers that the biosphere reserve
irreversible, so I was surprised … to see first hand
used to be …
a huge area of almost 30,000 hectares of tropical
a a much larger area of rainforest.
rainforest which simply didn’t exist fifty years ago.
b unforested cattle country.
c a source of various raw materials. The lush forest astonished me because
d more attractive than it is now.

3 Tourism has brought benefits including…
a a rise in the local population. 4 Complete the sentences in your own words using
b an improvement in farming standards. ideas from the text.
c a better quality of housing.
1 The writer visited Cuba a long time ago but she
d more jobs for people in the area.

2 Find words in the text that mean … 2 Cuba had a programme for replanting the rainforest
at a time when
1 you can’t go back to how it once was.

2 a moment when you suddenly realize something.
3 Farmers continue to work the land even though

3 improved.
4 The lives of ordinary people in the area have
4 small farms.
improved as a result
5 it can look after itself.
Reading practice 6
A working holiday
A A couple of summers ago, I decided that I fancied C We soon got used to the routine, and, fortunately,
going somewhere warm and exotic for my holidays, Brad only made us work four days in the week, so
but that I also wanted to do something a bit more we had plenty of time to explore the island and
useful than lounging around on a beach. That’s how to bathe and snorkel in the crystal clear water. In
I ended up at a coffee plantation in Hawaii! My fact, the rhythm of life there was what made it so
friend Karen and I had volunteered to work on an wonderful. There were five other volunteers, apart
organic farm on the island in return for food and from me and Karen, and we all did everything
shelter. It turned out to be loads of hard work, but together, which included putting up our tents among
lots of fun too. the coffee trees, sharing a kitchen and a shower, and
arranging trips as a gang. It really was an idyllic way
B From the window of the plane, Hawaii’s volcanic
to spend a summer.
Big Island looked like an enormous brown biscuit.
Much of it is covered in dry lava plains. However, D There was one thing we hated though. Working on
once we’d landed, Karen and I found ourselves a plantation is a continuous war between farmers
being driven along bumpy roads to the hillier, and insects, and there is a particular type of tree
grassier coastal area which is famous for growing borer on the island which is such a pest that it can
coffee. We’d been looking forward to spending our completely destroy a crop. That’s why, once every
first day eating mangoes and guavas and soaking in week, we had to prune new shoots to find and kill
the sun, but that’s not what Brad, the guy running the tree borers. We’d spend seven hours on those
the plantation, had in mind. He handed us a days bending and reaching out to prune each tree
machete each and we spent that first afternoon while Brad checked to see if we had missed a tree
clearing branches and pulling up weeds. borer. It was back-breaking work and not helped
by the fact we were under constant attack from
mosquitoes which covered our legs in bites.
1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?

Remember!
Quote words from the text to support your
answers. In rewriting exercises, read the given sentence carefully,
then read the start of the transformed sentence and
1 The writer decided to work in Hawaii even though
think about how to finish it.
she wasn’t interested in going somewhere with nice
weather. 3 Rewrite the sentence. Think about how to change
the parts underlined.
2 The writer and Karen ended up working on the dry
The writer decided to go somewhere warm for her
plains of Hawaii.
holidays two summers ago.

The writer said
3 The writer and Karen spent most of their free time
by themselves.
4 Rewrite the sentences using reported speech,
4 Somebody made sure the writer and Karen killed a conditionals, passives or relative clauses.
lot of tree borers. 1 The writer doesn’t like sitting on a beach all day.
The writer is the sort of person who

2 Brad made them work four days a week.
1 sitting lazily and relaxing. They
2 rough and difficult to drive on.
3 group. 3 They have to kill tree borers because they will
4 perfect. destroy the crop.
5 insect that is bad for crops we grow. If they didn’t kill tree borers, .
Writing practice – A narrative 1
Practising connectors 3 The photographer took photos, and the journalist

interviewed Cathy about her victory. (while)
after before then when while as soon as 4 The journalist left, and Mum and Dad took Cathy
first finally and me out. (after)
1 Sam had never had a job she started I’m Craig and here’s my latest blog. 1 My family and I
work at the shop. have had a really exciting weekend.
2 he was playing tennis, Joe broke his If you’ve been following my blog, you’ll know that
racket. my sister Cathy has been competing in junior
3 We’ll start the lesson Amy gets here, athletics meetings all summer. She’s won loads of
and not a moment sooner or later. trophies, and, as I told you in my last blog, she was
4 The restaurant lost a lot of business
selected to compete in the 400 metres at the national
championships. Well, the championships took place
the journalist criticized it.
on Saturday and 2Cathy won!! 3We were excited! Cathy
5 We were sunbathing on the beach it
crossed the line in the lead, and my mum and dad
suddenly started to rain. started jumping up and down, and I was cheering like
6 There were three stages to the investigation. mad!
, the police took photos.
Anyway, the rest of the weekend was crazy. A journalist
, they checked for fingerprints. And
who had been following Cathy’s performances for
, they interviewed the witnesses. the local paper came round to our house with a
photographer. The photographer took photos, and the
journalist interviewed Cathy about her victory. The
Improving your writing
journalist left, and Mum and Dad took Cathy and me
2 Read the blog opposite and note the teacher’s out for a really nice meal in an expensive restaurant.
comment. And on Sunday evening, we had a really cool party at
our house.
3 Improve the blog. Rewrite the underlined
sentences or phrases using the expressions below. 4
So, that was my weekend! It’s good to be back at school
Use each expression once. today – for a rest! 5More in my next blog …
1 Let me tell you about … Use different linking and sequencing words
2 I couldn’t believe it when … – don’t just use ‘and’ to link ideas.
3 Just imagine how …

4 Now you know all about … 5 Write a blog about your weekend (about 100
words). Use appropriate linking and sequencing
words.
5 Log on to hear …
• Introduce yourself to your ‘audience’.
4 Rewrite the sentences from the text using the • Write about what happened.
words in brackets. • Say what you will write about in your next blog.
1 Cathy crossed the line in the lead, and my mum 6 Check your written work carefully and correct any
and dad started jumping up and down. (as soon as) errors.
2 A journalist came round to our house with a

photographer. Mum and Dad took Cathy and me
out for a really nice meal. And on Sunday evening,
we had a really cool party at our house. (first of all /
after that / finally)

Writing practice – An opinion essay 2
Practising connectors 4 Piracy is also bad. It could cut into the profits made
by legitimate companies.
1 Add the connectors in the box to the correct list.
as a result since therefore as that is why 5 Companies spend a lot of money to fund and
due to because of this produce albums. If they don’t make as much
money as they used to, they will stop signing new
1 connectors showing effect: consequently bands.

2 connectors showing cause: because ‘It is our responsibility as consumers to fight crime by
not buying pirate copies of films, music or computer
products.’ Discuss.
2 Complete the sentences with connectors from 1. Nowadays, it is easy and inexpensive to access and
download the latest movies or pop songs on pirate
1 Muggings are on the rise. , we should
websites on the net. However, I 1strong feel that
all be more careful. consumers should avoid doing this because it is both
2 the school is worried about thieves, illegal and a serious threat to the film industry and the
the computer room is kept locked at all times. music industry.
3 He was imprisoned of a miscarriage Illegally downloading movies or music affects how much
of justice. artists get paid. This is because filmmakers and musicians
only make money when people purchase their products
4 a lot of hard work, the police caught
legally. Consequently, I 2very believe that piracy may
all the criminals. eventually result in fewer movies being made or songs
5 Tina has been arrested, and she isn’t being recorded because artists won’t be able to make
in school today. enough money from their hard work. Piracy is also bad
because it could cut into the profits made by legitimate
companies in the film and music industries. These
Improving your writing companies spend a lot of money to fund and produce
films and albums. Consequently, if they don’t make as
3 Read the opinion essay opposite and note the much money as they used to, they will stop signing new
teacher’s comments. bands to their record labels or financing young directors
and it is 3probable true that this will result in a loss of
4 Correct the underlined adverbs in the essay new talent.
opposite.
In conclusion, I 4real think we should support people
1 3 who work in the film industry and the music industry by
2 4 making sure that we always pay for the films and music
that we watch and listen to.
5 Join the sentences with different connectors to Check the spelling, use and position in the
those used in the essay. sentence of the underlined intensifying adverbs.
1 Consumers should avoid downloading pirate Use a wider variety of connectors.
movies. It is both illegal and a serious threat to the
film industry. 6 Write an opinion essay (about 100 words). Use
appropriate connectors.
2 Illegally downloading movies affects how much ‘Young people should avoid carrying and using
artists get paid. Piracy may eventually result in expensive gadgets like mobile phones and MP3
fewer movies being made. players in order to reduce the risk of being a victim of
a theft or mugging.’ Discuss.
3 Piracy may eventually result in fewer songs being • Introduce the topic and express your opinion.
recorded. Artists won’t be able to make enough • Give two or three examples or arguments to
money from their hard work. support your opinion.
• Write a conclusion.
7 Check your written work carefully and correct any

errors.
Writing practice - A for and against essay 3
Practising connectors ‘Human beings don’t need to eat meat to be healthy

1 Underline the connector that is in the wrong list. because we can get all the nutrients we need from
other sources.’ Discuss
a Connectors of addition:
A growing number of people argue that eating meat is
furthermore what’s more although in addition
unnecessary because we can stay just as healthy, if not
b Connectors of contrast:
healthier, by eating fruit, vegetables and dairy products.
nevertheless on the one hand moreover Although I can see their point, I also think that there are
however on the other hand despite a lot of good reasons why people should continue to be
meat-eaters if they want to.
2 Complete the sentences with an appropriate
connector. On the one hand, red meat is a very rich source of
vitamins A, B and D as well as iron and many minerals. 1
1 It is very important to eat a balanced diet.
There is as much as six milligrams of iron in a regular
, we should also watch how much we
steak.2 Meat contains more iron and zinc than any other
eat. food group, and these are key to being healthy. Moreover, 3
2 milk contains a lot of fat, it is also a food experts say that it is a ‘super-food’ because even a
great source of protein. small amount of meat has a large number of nutrients.
3 , people these days eat more junk Despite the high fat content, eating meat is also a really
food. , we are all living longer. good way of staying slim because meat protein contains
4 giving up chocolate, Amanda hasn’t all the essential amino acids in the correct proportions
lost any weight. required by the body for the optimum growth of lean,
calorie-burning tissue.4 Meat makes us healthy!
5 Teenagers lead busy lives and are always on the
5
go. , most of them still eat a healthy Meat is such a vital source of healthy nutrients that I
diet. think human beings should eat meat to be healthy so long
as they don’t have personal or moral objections to eating
it.
Improving your writing Good analysis of cons
the statement!!
No arguments in favour of
3 Read the essay opposite and note the teacher’s ples and to conclude.
comments. Add phrases to give exam
4 Improve the essay by inserting the phrases below
where there is an insert symbol. Change the words 6 Write a for and against essay about the subject
that follow where necessary. below (about 100 words). Use appropriate
connectors.
a In fact … d To sum up …
‘Experiments on animals are essential if we are to find
b According to … e For example …
out about and cure diseases.’ Discuss.
c Thanks to …
• Introduce both sides of the argument.
5 Write the missing ‘pro’ paragraph using the notes • Give reasons to support the statement.
below. Use connectors to join the ideas. • Give reasons against the statement.
… other food groups such as fish, fruit and vegetables • Conclude with your opinion.
are equally healthy … meat is an excellent source of
protein … dairy products and some vegetables are errors.
a great source of protein, too … fruit and vegetables
are healthier and cheaper and more sustainable to
produce …
Writing practice – A summary 4
Practising summary phrases Netbookclub, one of the world’s leading players when it
comes to purchasing books online, has just announced
1 Make summary phrases by matching the sentence
a major new departure. From Wednesday, it will be
halves.
allowing its members to buy products by means of
1 The text is … a text-messaging shopping service, thus adding yet
2 According to the text …
another mainstream player to a steadily growing
market. The idea is to let mobile phone users browse
3 The text lists … their books, compare prices and purchase products
4 The text points out … while on the go.
a three different ways of shopping online. The company is calling the new service Textandbuy, and
b that the future of the High Street is at stake.
it works quite simply. All potential customers have to
do is text the name of the product and the product’s
c about how a new supermarket was built. code to Netbookclub, and they’ll be sent a text in return
d we are spending more money on luxury goods than which tells them the price of the product they want. The
ever before. text may also include other information such as special
offers on similar products. Then the customer has to
2 When reading a text you have to summarize, which reply to the text message by punching in a single-digit
of the following questions do you need to answer? number next to the desired item. Netbookclub will then
call the person to confirm the order.
1 How long is the original text?
Of course, Netbookclub is not alone in offering a mobile
2 What is the overall message of the text?
shopping service. In some ways, it is merely following
3 Who wrote the text and how old are they? a trend that began a few years ago. However, what’s
4 Who is the text for? interesting is that this is the first time that a company
5 What are the main points made in the text? with a huge market share and an immense number of
customers has broken into this market. It suggests that
6 How much did the writer get paid for writing it?
shopping by text is set to grow and set to stay.
7 What kind of text is it? An ad? An article?
5 Write a summary of the text in 3, including the

Improving your writing overall message and main points you selected in 4
(about 60 to 80 words). Include summary phrases.
3 Read the text opposite and answer the relevant
questions from 2. • Write the overall message.
• Join ideas to express the main points as simply and
4 Read the list of points made in the text. Tick the
main points made in the original text. Write the briefly as possible.
overall message.
1 Netbookclub is a major online bookseller. errors.
2 Netbookclub is about to start a new service.
3 The new service starts on Wednesday.
4 The new service allows consumers to buy its books
by text message.
5 It allows you to compare prices as well as buy
books.
6 The new service is called Textandbuy.
7 You send a text to Netbookclub saying which book
you want.
8 Netbookclub will call you to confirm the order.
9 Shopping by text isn’t new.
10 Netbookclub is the first major company to do this.
11 Netbookclub has a lot of customers.
12 Shopping by text will become more important in the
future.
Overall message:

Writing practice – An opinion essay 5
Practising connectors ‘Does travel help to promote understanding and

communication between countries?’ What do you
think?
in to so as not 1
The only way to really understand people and their
culture is to visit them and talk to them, and I think there
1 They phoned the travel agent book is a lot of truth in this widely held point of view.
the trip. 2
We should all travel to foreign countries. And we will
2 He packed carefully so as to carry experience different ways of life. It is impossible to know
too many heavy things. what it is like to grow up in a developing country unless
3 We got out of the car overlooking the valley you go there and see what life is like there.3 We ought to
that we could admire the view. encourage young people in our country to experience life
abroad first-hand. Then they will be able to discuss the
4 We got to the airport early order to problems and conflicts in the world in an informed way.
have plenty of time to check-in.
4
5 Harriet got a seat on the upper deck so
I believe that travel has enabled people from different
parts of the world to share their culture and appreciate
to have a good view. each other more. Nowadays, we listen to world music
and regularly eat food from countries like India and
Thailand, and this is because travellers have visited places
Improving your writing and brought back ideas, art and recipes. It is said that
as everybody in the world seems to be learning English
2 Read the opinion essay opposite and note the
now, the world will get smaller and smaller and we will
teacher’s comments.
all understand each other even more. It is difficult to go
3 Improve the essay by inserting the phrases below to war with someone who speaks the same language and
where there is an insert symbol. Change the words shares the same interests, and, personally, I think that’s a
that follow where necessary. good thing.
5
a Moreover, … We should all travel. Then we will learn about other
cultures, share ideas and tastes, and meet and talk to
b Many people argue that …
people who have more in common with us than we think.
c To sum up, …
d To my mind …
Try to use connectors of purpose to
connect ideas – not just ‘and’ or ‘then’.
e In my opinion, …
Insert more expressions to add information,
4 Join the sentences using the connectors in show opinion or conclude.
brackets.
5 Write an opinion essay (about 100 words). Use
1 We should all travel to foreign countries. And we
appropriate connectors.
will experience different ways of life. (in order to)
‘Does the experience of travel make young people
2 We ought to encourage young people in our broader-minded and more aware citizens?’ Discuss.
country to experience life abroad first-hand. Then • Introduce the topic and express your opinion.
they will be able to discuss the problems and • Express ideas and examples to support your
conflicts in the world in an informed way. (so that) opinion.
• Write a conclusion.
3 We should all travel. Then we will learn about other 6 Check your written work carefully and correct any
cultures. (so as to) errors.

Writing practice - A formal letter 6
Practising formal 7 Glebe Avenue,

expressions Broadwood
Gloucestershire
1 Cross out the phrase in each list that is wrong. GL6 5RF
1 Dear Sir or Madam Dear Jim Dear Peter Hughes 5 March 2011
2 I would like to apply for I would like for applying Swimming Department
I am writing in response to Broadwood Swimming Centre
3 Your sincerely Best wishes Dear Madam Broadwood
GL7 9UJ
Yours faithfully
4 Please find my CV attached I am enclosing my CV Dear Sir or Madam,
5 I look forward to hear from you I am writing to enquire about vacancies for swimming
I’m looking forward to hearing from you instructors at Broadwood Swimming Centre.
I look forward to hearing from you 1
I am well qualified for the position. I have got a national
swimming instructor certificate and I have completed
2 Complete with formal expressions from 1. nationally recognized courses in life saving and swimming
pool management. I have also gained experience in
Dear Sir
training young people to swim on summer courses at the
1 your advertisement in the Daily News. Westfield holiday centre and by helping out at swimming
2 the position of camp organizer.
training at my local primary school.2 I am an experienced
and highly competent swimmer, having won awards for
3 which provides details of my long distance swimming at under 14 and under 16 level.
qualifications.
3
I have got the right personal qualities for the job.4 I am
4
outgoing and sociable and I really enjoy being around
5 Yours young people.5 I am organized, punctual and reliable. And 6
David James I’m happy to take on responsibility.
A CV giving details of my qualifications and experience is
attached. I would be happy to attend an interview at any
Improving your writing time convenient for you.
3 Read the letter opposite and note the teacher’s I look forward to hearing from you,
comments.
Yours faithfully,
4 Improve the letter by inserting the phrases below Josephine White
where there is an insert symbol.
a I also believe that d finally Add sequencers and opinion expressions

b Firstly, e I feel to the letter.
c In addition to this, f Secondly,
6 Write a formal letter to apply for the job
5 Read the job advertisement and underline the key
advertised in 5 (about 100 words). Use appropriate
words.
connectors.
SUPER SKI HOLIDAYS • Write the address correctly.
We’re looking for someone with a sociable • Use formal expressions to introduce and end the
personality to help run our chalet holiday letter.
programme in the Alps. You need to be able to • Say why you have the right personality for the job.
work hard and for long hours and good cooking • Include information about your qualifications and
skills will be an advantage. Your job will be to experiences.
prepare meals for guests. We offer a reasonable
salary as well as free accommodation and meals
errors.
and plenty of free time to go skiing. Apply with
your CV to: Super Ski Holidays, 80 High Street,
Rotherham, RO7 8HGa
Reading AND WRITING practice answer key
Reading practice 2 Students’ own answers 4 True. ‘Brad checked to see if we

had missed a tree borer’
3 1 a no-brainer 2 shots
Unit 1 3 teamed up 4 coated 2 1 lounging 2 bumpy 3 gang
1 1 rise / broadsheets 5 ingenious 4 idyllic 5 pest
2 little doubt / climb steadily 4 1 False. ‘If you had a choice, 3 Possible answer
3 argued / appealing would you choose an injection The writer said she had decided
4 alien / new technologies or choose a pain-free means of to go somewhere warm for her
receiving a vaccine? Well, for holidays two summers before.
2 1 True. ‘another slight rise in the
numbers of broadsheets sold most that’s a no-brainer’ 4 Possible answers
annually in the UK’ 2 True. ‘medical researchers at two 1 The writer is the sort of person
2 True. ‘average age of readers has major American universities have who doesn’t like sitting on a
been climbing steadily ... little teamed up’ beach all day.
doubt that this trend will continue’ 3 True. ‘Thanks to the sort of 2 They were made to work four
3 False. ‘Some cynical editors have nanotechnology currently used days a week by Brad.
argued ... that young people will to make the integrated circuits 3 If they didn’t kill tree borers, the
start reading papers when they’re found in computers’ borers would destroy the crop.
older’. 4 False. ‘patients will be able to use
4 True. ‘Young people are used microneedles on their own’
to researching and finding what Writing practice
they want to know online, so the Unit 4
idea of flicking through the dense 1 1 False. ‘a farmer’s field Unit 1
print of a newspaper is alien’ somewhere deep in the 1 1 before 2 While
3 1 slight 2 huge countryside’ 3 as soon as 4 after 5 when
3 address 4 a concern 2 False. ‘do-it-yourself second- 6 First/Then/finally
5 have … failed to embrace hand market’
2 and 3
3 True. ‘Naturally, there is an
4 Students’ own answers entrance fee’
1 Let me tell you about a really
exciting weekend my family and I
4 True. ‘head off early’
Unit 2 have had.
2 a is clearly wrong 2 I couldn’t believe it when Cathy
1 1 regular 2 inevitably 3 key
b confirmed by unwanted won!!
4 unexceptional 5 unlike
c contradicted by unwanted 3 Just imagine how excited we
6 fascinating
3 1 c 2 d 3 c were! Cathy crossed the line in
2 1 False. ‘Both English-speaking the lead, and my mum and dad
nations call on twelve 4 1 load up 2 set up (your stall) started jumping up and down,
unexceptional individuals to 3 checking out 4 head off and I was cheering like mad!
attend court as jurors’ 5 laid out 4 Now you know all about my
2 False. ‘everybody on the electoral weekend!
register, apart from those with a Unit 5 5 Log on to hear more in my next
criminal record, may be called blog ...
1 1 c 2 b 3 d
upon’
2 1 irreversible 2 revelation 4 1
As soon as Cathy crossed the
3 False. ‘Unlike those in Britain,
3 benefitted 4 smallholdings line in the lead, my mum and dad
American attorneys have the
started jumping up and down.
right to cross-examine jurors to 5 sustainable
2 First of all, a journalist came
find out about their views’ 3 The lush forest astonished me round to our house with a
4 True. ‘many considered it a because it hadn’t existed fifty years photographer.
fascinating insight into how the earlier and deforested areas are not After that, Mum and Dad took
legal system worked’ generally replanted. Cathy and me out for a really
3 1 electoral register 4 Students’ own answers nice meal. And finally on Sunday
2 stand down 3 cross-examine evening, we had a really cool
4 in advance 5 insight Unit 6 party at our house.
3 While the photographer took
4 1 c 2 a 3 c 1 1 False. ‘I fancied going photos, the journalist interviewed
somewhere warm and exotic for Cathy about her victory.
Unit 3 my holidays’
4 After the journalist (had) left,
1 1 Because they are an important 2 False. ‘Karen and I found Mum and Dad took Cathy and
aspect of medical procedures, ourselves being driven along me out.
we have to continue to use bumpy roads to the hillier,
grassier coastal area’ 5 and 6
painful injections until medical
science is able to find an 3 False. ‘There were five other Students’ own answers
alternative way of giving patients volunteers, apart from me and
vaccines. Karen, and we all did everything
together’
READING AND writing practice answer key
Unit 2 3 b Moreover, according to food 2 We ought to encourage young

experts, it is ... people in our country to
1 1 consequently as a result experience life abroad first-
4 c Thanks to meat, we are
therefore that is why
healthy! hand so that they will be able
because of this
5 d To sum up, meat is such ... to discuss the problems and
2 because since as due to conflicts in the world in an
2 1 consequently / as a result / 5 Students’ own answer informed way.
therefore 6 and 7 3 We should all travel so as to learn
2 because / since / as Students’ own answers about other cultures.
3 as a result / because 5 and 6
4 due to Unit 4 Students’ own answers
5 consequently / as a result / 1 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 b
therefore / that is why / because
2 Possible answers Unit 6
of this
2, 4, 5, 7 1 1 Dear Peter Hughes
3 and 4 2 I would like for applying
3 2 A major online bookseller called
1 strongly 2 really / strongly 3 Dear Madam
Netbookclub is planning to start
3 probably 4 really a service that allows consumers 4 I am enclosing my CV
5 1 Consumers should avoid to buy its books by text message. 5 I look forward to hear from you
downloading pirate movies as / 4 The text is for general readers. 2 1 I am writing in response to
since it is both illegal and a 5 Possible answers
serious threat to the film industry. 2 I would like to apply for
Netbookclub is about to start a 3 I have enclosed my CV
2 Illegally downloading movies new service. The new service
affects how much artists get 4 I look forward to hearing from
allows consumers to buy its
paid. As a result / Therefore / you.
books by text message. It allows
That is why / Because of this, you to compare prices as well 5 faithfully
piracy may eventually result in as buy books. You send a text to 3 and 4
fewer movies being made. Netbookclub saying which book 1 e 2 c 3 a 4 b
3 Piracy may eventually result in you want. 5 f 6 d
fewer songs being recorded 7 The text is an article.
as / since artists won’t be able to 5 Possible answers
make enough money from their 4 Possible answers sociable personality
hard work. The main points are: 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 Alps
4 Piracy is also bad as / since it and 12. work hard / long hours
could cut into the profits made by Overall message: A major online good cooking skills
legitimate companies. bookseller called Netbookclub
prepare meals
5 Companies spend a lot of money is planning to start a service that
allows consumers to buy its books reasonable salary
to fund and produce albums. free accommodation / meals
Therefore / As a result / Because by text message.
free time / skiing
of this, if they don’t make as 5 and 6
much money as they used to, Apply with your CV
Students’ own answers
they will stop signing new bands. 6 and 7
6 and 7 Unit 5 Students’ own answers
Students’ own answers 1 1 to 2 not 3 so
4 in 5 as
Unit 3 2 and 3
1 a although b moreover 1 b Many people argue that the
2 1 Moreover / Furthermore / What’s only way to ...
more / In addition 2 d / e To my mind, / In my opinion,
2 Although we should all travel …
3 On the one hand / On the other 3 d / e To my mind, / In my opinion,
hand we ought to encourage ...
4 Despite 4 a Moreover, I believe that
5 Nevertheless / However travel ...
5 c To sum up, we should all
3 and 4
travel.
1 e For example, there is as much
as six milligrams of iron … 4 1 We should all travel to foreign
2 a In fact, meat contains more countries in order to experience
iron and zinc ... different ways of life.
1 02 Read and listen to the phrasal verbs. Match 3 03 Listen to the interview and choose the best
them to their synonyms. answer. Only one answer is correct.
1 break into 1 Radio reporting is different from TV reporting

2 cut out because radio reporters …
3 come across a work long hours.
4 come up with b bring stories to life in a different way.
5 work out c don’t get paid as well.
d tend to cover different stories.
a create, invent or think of
2 According to the speaker, the main secret to
b get a first opportunity to do something
being a good radio reporter is to …
c discover how to do or operate something
a sound friendly and confident on air.
d stop doing something
b make sure you don’t make pauses.
e appear in terms of personality to other people
c make people feel at ease and say interesting
Remember! things on air.
Read the opening paragraph carefully. This helps you d be authoritative.
predict who the speakers are, and what the context 3 In her first job on radio, Stacey had to …
and topic of the listening is. a work very long hours for very low pay.
b use the machines in the studio by herself.
2 Read the opening paragraph of an interview and c cover a particular area of news.
identify the two speakers. What do you think the
d work unsociable hours.
interview will be about?
4 What advice does Stacey give?
a Study radio reporting at university.
b Learn all you can before applying for jobs.
Presenter Hello and welcome to Jobs for Life. On c Work for free and try to do as much as you can.
today’s programme, we’re talking to freelance d Don’t do anything that’s too difficult.
radio reporter, Stacey Wright. She’s going 4 03 Listen again and answer the questions.
to tell us all about her job, and, I hope, she’s
going to give us a few tips on how to break 1 What do radio reporters need to learn in order to
into her line of work. sound good on the radio?

2 What gave Stacey the kind of experience needed to
become a professional?

3 In what ways was Stacey thrown in at the deep end
in her first radio job?

4 According to Stacey, what’s the only way to learn to
be a radio reporter?

1 04 Read and listen to the words. Match them to 4 05 Listen to the interview and choose the best
their synonyms. answer. Only one answer is correct.
1 put out an appeal 1 Which serious crime does Jennifer mention as an

2 come forward example?
3 set up a hotline a an attack in the street
4 post video footage b a theft from a house
5 fit a name to a face c a stolen radio
d a case of abuse
a to offer help or information
2 If a teenager has information for the police, they are
b find out someone’s name
most likely to want to provide that information by …
c ask for information from the public
a phoning a hotline.
d start an emergency telephone line
b calling a radio station.
e put a short piece of video on a website
c sending a text.
Remember! d talking to a community officer.
Key words in the opening paragraph and questions 3 What crime did the police post CCTV footage of on
give you clues to the main idea of an interview. the internet?
a an attack on a hotel security guard
2 Underline key words in the opening paragraphs b damage caused to a hotel foyer
below and the questions in 4 and 5 which you think
c some youths fighting each other
may be important.
d a robbery in a major hotel
3 Read the opening paragraphs of a radio interview. 4 What happened when the CCTV footage was put
What do you think it will be about?
on the social networking site?
a Someone saw it and identified the youths.
b Some people started copying the crimes.
Presenter Everyone seems to be talking about c The youths responsible gave themselves up.
how much of a problem gang violence is these d The response was disappointing.
days – knife fights, bullying and vandalism – but 5 05 Listen again and answer the questions.
why is it that the police don’t seem to be able to
1 Which traditional ways of getting information from
do anything about it? That’s the question we are
the public are mentioned?
looking at tonight.

To start with, we will hear about a new initiative

to encourage witnesses to come forward and
2 What are the two ways that are most likely to get
tell the police about what they’ve seen. These
a response from teenagers if you are appealing for
young people, who may have been present
information?
when something terrible happened, are often

unsure about who to tell and how to go about it.

3 What was the main reason why teenagers watched
the video footage of the crime?

4 In the end, how did the police receive information
about who the vandals were?

1 debilitating 1 What is NOT true about MS?

2 pace a It’s a disease of the nervous system.
3 quest b It may affect the patient’s vision and
4 risk coordination.
5 trail c The brain and the rest of the body communicate
effectively.
a speed
d MS patients suffer complete paralysis.
b route to follow
2 Why is it difficult to locate the genes connected
c danger
with the development of MS?
d search
a There are one or two really bad ones.
e making you weak and ill
b They are passed from one generation to
Remember! the next.
A speaker’s status and tone will give you help to c There are a number of genes to discover.
predict and infer his or her attitude to the topic. d They haven’t found the key MS gene yet.
3 What does the doctor say about the quest for an
2 Look at the opening paragraph below. What can understanding of genes connected with MS?
you say about the status of the guest on the radio
a He is pessimistic about the progress.
programme?
b They are making gradual progress.
c He has no good news to share.
d They are making rapid progress.
3 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. 4 What does the doctor expect to have achieved in
the next few years?
a A cure for most forms of MS.
b An understanding of all the MS genes.
c A cure for many elusive genes.
Presenter Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is one
d A knowledge of most of the MS genes.
of the world’s most debilitating diseases.
However, the pace of genetic research into 5 07 Listen again and answer the questions.
the disease suggests that a cure will be found
1 What do we find out about Samantha’s brother’s
one day soon. In today’s programme, leading
plans?
geneticist, Doctor Roger Oakley, is here to

answer your questions about the progress of

research into the disease.
2 What sort of things do genes connected with the
development of MS control?

3 What does the doctor hope to understand in the
short term?

4 What does the doctor hope to understand in the
mid term?

1 trendy 1 Which city probably had personal shoppers first?

2 to suit a Milan
3 to spread b New York
4 wealthy c London
5 clientele d Madrid
2 Which social group form the majority of Andrea’s
a customers
clientele?
b to go from one place to many others
a women under 40
c to look good on someone
b men and women under 40
d modern and fashionable
c men and women over 40
e very rich
d wealthy older people
2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. 3 By dressing well, modern business people are
trying to impress their …
a managers.
b partners.
c colleagues.
Presenter If you’re hopeless at shopping but like
d clients.
to look trendy, then you’ll find our next item
4 How much does it cost to hire Andrea’s services for
on World Today very enlightening. Reporter
a day?
Amy Jackson is in Milan, in northern Italy,
a 1000 euros
investigating the world of the personal shopper
b 2000 euros
– men and women who make a living by
c 3000 euros
shopping for other people!
d 4000 euros
Remember! 5 09 Listen again and answer the questions.

Make sure you know exactly which type of information
1 How does Amy describe Milan?
you have to listen for when listening for specific

information.

2 What do personal shoppers like Andrea actually do?
3 Read through the options in 4 quickly and match

the questions to what you should be listening for.

Question 1 a a number 3 What sort of people used to employ a personal
Question 2 b a sex and an age shopper when it first started?
Question 3 c a city
Question 4 d a person’s role in business
4 What aspects of how people look need to be
addressed in today’s business world?

1 fit in 1 On his trip, what was the first country that Danny
2 remote visited?
3 huge a Vietnam
4 tricky b Cambodia
5 authentic c Canada
d the USA
a difficult
2 How did Danny spend a lot of his time when he
b real
was in Canada?
c include
a He spent most of his money.
d very big
b He went hiking.
e far from anywhere
c He tried skiing in the mountains.
2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. d He stayed on the beach.
3 What were the remote country areas of Vietnam
like?
a They were still full of rice fields and traditional-
looking people.
Presenter Hello and welcome to Backpacker
b They were on the other side of Vietnam so Danny
World, the travel programme for young people
didn’t go there.
who want to see the world. My guest today
c They were completely different to what Danny
is Danny Clarke, a 19-year-old student from
had expected.
Birmingham who has just returned from
d The people didn’t like being so remote from the
today’s featured country – Vietnam.
city areas.
4 What does Danny say about Ho Chi Minh City?
Remember!
a He didn’t expect it to be so large.
Check for distractors in the introduction and in the
b It was still very traditional.
multiple choice options.
c He ate some fantastic food there.
d It was in the west of the country.
3 Read through the options in 4 and find obviously
incorrect options. Cross them out. 5 11 Listen again and answer the questions.
1 How did Danny spend the first month of his trip?

2 What did Danny think that Vietnam would be like?

3 How does Danny describe Ho Chi Minh City?

4 What different experiences did Danny have when
he visited traditional villages?

1 daunting 1 Interviewers ask job applicants some easy

2 loner questions to …
3 team player a make them feel better in a stressful situation.
4 needy b help them choose the best interviewee.
5 imply c try to catch the interviewees out.
d give them time to think of other questions.
a requiring help and support
2 What does Tom say about our qualities as
b someone who prefers their own company
candidates?
c difficult and demanding
a They depend on how much work experience you
d suggest
have.
e someone who likes working with others
b You should always mention you have initiative.
2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. c Everyone has good qualities, but not all are
suitable for a particular job.
d Being able to work in teams is important.
3 If asked whether your work has ever been
criticized, you should …
Presenter As the school year draws to a close,
a describe why you were criticized.
many students will be applying for part-time
b deny ever being criticized.
or full-time jobs and will soon have to face the
c try to show yourself in a positive light.
daunting task of going to a job interview. In
d change your answer.
today’s programme, we’ll be asking careers
4 How should you answer if asked what work
advisor Tom Steward about how to prepare for
environment you prefer?
an interview.
a Be careful not to give a wrong answer.
b Always say you like being independent.
Remember!
c It depends on what job you’re applying for.
In multiple-choice exercises, read the questions and
d Never ask for your own office.
answers carefully to familiarize yourself with what the
interview is about and to eliminate obviously wrong 5 13 Listen again and answer the questions.
answers.
1 What sort of topics do interviewers ask easy
questions about?
3 Read through the options in 4 and decide what the

interview is about.

2 How should you answer easy questions?

3 Why is it tricky to answer questions about times
you have been criticized at work?

4 Why do interviewers sometimes ask what sort of
work environment you like?

speaking practice 1
Telling an anecdote 5 In pairs, practise telling the anecdote. Try to stress

and emphasize the key information.
1 Work in pairs. Decide who is student A and who is
student B. 6 Think of a time when you saw or met a famous
person. If you have never seen a famous person
2 Read your version of the anecdote and think of the in real life, use your imagination and make it up!
questions you need to ask to find out the missing Follow the steps below and prepare to speak
information. about the experience.
Example questions 1 Write brief notes to answer the questions below:

Where did you go yesterday? • Who was the famous person, and where and
Who did you go with? when did you see or meet him or her?
3 Take turns to ask and answer questions in order to • What did the famous person say or do?
complete your version of the anecdote. • What did you say or do?
• How did you feel at the time and afterwards?
4 Imagine you want to tell your friends the anecdote
you have just read. Make it more interesting by 2 Think about how you can make the anecdote
completing the sentence starters below with interesting by using useful phrases. Don’t write your
information from the anecdote. ideas down.
1 Guess what happened to … 3 Practise telling the anecdote, including all the
information in the story and the useful phrases.
2 Well, she was … when … 7 Tell a partner your anecdote about a time when
you saw or met a famous person.
3 You won’t believe who …

4 Lucy felt so surprised that …

Student A Student B
Yesterday, I went to (1) with my friend Yesterday, I went to London with (1) .
Claire. We got off the train at (2) , and I We got off the train at Euston Station, and I
bumped into a woman on the platform. I dropped bumped into (2) on the platform.
(3) and my mobile phone fell out. I I dropped my bag and my mobile phone
(4) the things on the floor and (3) . I picked up the things on the floor
the woman helped me. When I looked up, I and (4) helped me. When I looked up,
recognized the woman. It was (5) ! The I recognized the woman. It was Leona Lewis! The
pop star! She said sorry and smiled, then walked pop star! She said (5) and smiled, then
away along the platform. I was (6) and I walked away along the platform. I was surprised
didn’t say anything! Pass on my news! and I didn’t say anything! Pass on (6) !
speaking practice 2
Expressing opinions 3 Complete the bloggers’ comments using

information in the article and your own ideas.
1 Look at the photos and answer the questions.
1 I can see why rappers think they look cool in these
1 What can you see in the photos? posters, but ..
2 What do you think might be the connection
between the two photos? 2 Personally, I think the poster is irresponsible
3 Do you think that rap music influences violent because …
crime? Give reasons for your answer.
3 You can’t be serious! There’s no connection
between …

4 For me, rappers shouldn’t …

5 To my mind, we shouldn’t blame rappers for gun
crime because …

4 Practise expressing the opinions you have written

in 3. Try to stress and emphasize the key points.
5 Prepare to express your opinion about this issue.

Think of three or four arguments to support your
view and write them down in note form.
Notes
2 Read the newspaper article about a rapper. What 6 ‘Rap musicians should not glamorize gun crime
is the government’s view? What is the view of and violence in their songs because it encourages
advertisers? young people to join gangs and become criminals.’
Discuss.
Anger over rapper’s poster

A poster showing a rap star holding a baby
in one hand and a gun in the other has been
criticized by the government for glamorizing
gun crime, especially as the poster has
appeared in an area where gun crime amongst
children is a problem. Advertisers said they
were only trying to publicize the rapper’s
new album, and that the poster symbolized
the artist’s fight to escape the ghetto. ‘It’s
harmless,’ said a spokesperson. ‘Rappers are
singers, not criminals.’
speaking practice 3
Agreeing and disagreeing

Tom (1) it’s outrageous. We should
1 Look at the photos and answer the questions. be able to buy whatever we want.
1 What sort of food do the two photos show? Digger (2) Why can’t we choose what
2 Which food is healthy and which is unhealthy? sort of things we eat at break time?
Why?
Sioux (3) I think it’s a good idea to
3 What sort of food can you buy at your school?
ban junk food from the school. That way,
4 Do you think schools should sell or serve chocolate
students will have to eat more healthily.
or fizzy drinks? Why? Why not?
Digger (4) We have a right to eat what
we want! The school shouldn’t force us
to eat healthily. It’s our choice!
3 Add the phrases in the box to the bloggers’

comments in 2.
You can’t be serious! I don’t agree with you at all!

I think …
That’s exactly what I think!
4 Practise expressing the bloggers’ comments. Try

to stress and emphasize the key information.
5 Think of three or four reasons why schools should

ban fizzy drinks and chocolate, and three or four
reasons why schools shouldn’t ban them. Write
notes.
For Against
2 Read the note on the school noticeboard and the

bloggers’ comments. Which student is in favour
of the new vending machine, and which students
oppose it? 6 In pairs, one student argues in favour of the
ban and one student argues against it. Use
expressions to agree or disagree.
Please note that the vending
machine in the entrance hall
will be removed on Friday
and replaced with a machine
that sells healthier products.
Chocolate and fizzy drinks will
no longer be available on the
school premises.
speaking practice 4
Complaining 3 In pairs, practise saying the dialogue in 2. Note the

useful expressions.
1 Look at the photo and answer the questions.
4 Read the problems in the box. Use the scheme
1 Who are the people in the picture? below to write your own dialogues. Remember to
2 What is the problem? include useful expressions.
3 What do you think they might say to each other? • the food was too salty
• the fish was overcooked
• this is not what I ordered
• the bill was too high
• the waiter was rude
• the chairs were uncomfortable
• there was a fly in the soup
• the plates were dirty
• the glasses were cracked
• there was too much noise
• the salad wasn’t fresh
Customer
Manager
Customer
Manager
Customer
2 Put the sentences in the correct order to make a
dialogue. Manager
a Lastly, the bill was wrong.

Customer
b Oh. What seems to be the problem?
1 c Excuse me. Could I speak to the manager,
please? 5 In pairs, practise saying the dialogue in 4.
d Secondly, when the food arrived, it was cold!
e I’d like to make a complaint.
f I’m so sorry. I’m sure we’ll be able to make a
discount for all the trouble you’ve been through
today.
g Well, first of all, we had to wait for half an
hour to get a table.
h I’m sorry to hear that. There must have been
some problem in the kitchen. I’ll let the chef
know about this.
i I am the manager. What can I do for you?
j I’m sorry about that. As you can see we’ve
been very busy today.
speaking practice 5
Talking about choices

1 Look at the photos and answer the questions.
Indietracks Summer Festival
This year’s festival takes place in late July in
1 Where are the people in the pictures? fields near the village of Stanton. The main
2 What are they doing? bands play on a huge outdoor stage, but you
3 In what ways are the bands similar and in what can also see other bands in a train shed, and
you can travel on a miniature steam train
ways are they different?
around the site. The headline bands include
4 Which of these bands would you like to see some of the best of Indie music, including
and why? Teenage Fanclub, Camera Obscura and Au
Revoir Simone. As well as the bands, there is
a stage featuring cutting-edge dance acts.
3 Complete the sentence starters to express how

you feel about the two festivals in 2.
1 I really fancy going to … because …

2 I’m not too sure about … It might be a bit …

3 The good thing about … is that it …

4 The problem with … is that it …

5 This one sounds … because …

4 Practise talking about choices. Try to stress and

emphasize the key information in the choices.
5 Decide which of the festivals in 2 you would most

like to go to. Think of three or four reasons why
you would choose this festival. Talk about your
choice of festival to a partner.
2 Read the adverts for summer music festivals. What

can you do at each festival?
Heavyfest Summer
Open Air Festival
The Heavyfest Summer Open Air Festival is a new
event, set in a beautiful country park with the
chance to camp and loads of market stalls where
you can buy food, clothes and memorabilia. The
festival aims to cover various aspects of extreme
music, with a strong metal slant but also featuring
a number of hardcore and punk acts. There’s also
a circus tent featuring comedy and novelty acts.
It takes place in June and this year’s headliners
include Mötley Crüe, Marilyn Manson, Manowar
and Heaven and Hell!!
speaking practice 6
Talking about advantages 2 Read the magazine article. According to Tim,

what’s good and what’s bad about being 17?
and disadvantages
1 Look at the photos and answer the questions. Things I wish I’d known
1 How old are the people in the pictures and what are when I was 17…
they doing? 55-year-old fashion designer Tim Wilson talks
2 What is life like for young people in comparison to about his teenage years.
old people?
When you’re young, everything is new and
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of exciting, and you feel you can change the
being young today? world and do anything. But teenagers worry
4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of about things too much, especially about
being older? their appearance and what people think of
them. I wish I’d spent more time learning new
things and going to great places and meeting
interesting people rather than wasting my time
worrying about my hairstyle and being too shy
to meet new people …
3 Express the advantages and disadvantages of

being young in Tim’s article by completing the
sentence starters below with information from the
article.
1 The good / great thing about being young is that …

2 The problem / trouble with …

3 One great advantage of being a teenager is that …

4 A drawback of being young is that you spend too
much time …

4 Practise talking about the advantages and

disadvantages of being young. Try to stress and
emphasize the key information.
5 Think about your own experience of being a

teenager. Make a list of three or four positive
things, and three or four negative things.
Positive Negative
6 Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of

being a teenager these days.
Listening practice answer key
Unit 1 Unit 3 Unit 5

1 1 b 2 d 3 e 4 a 5 c 1 1 e 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 b 1 1 c 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 b
2 Presenter, Stacey Wright. Students’ 2 and 3 2 Students’ own answers
own answers Students’ own answers 3 Students’ own answers
3 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 c 4 1 c 2 c 3 b 4 d 4 1 d 2 b 3 a 4 a
4 1 They need to learn how to cut out 5 1 He is currently studying medicine 5 1 He stayed in Vancouver in
pauses, ums and ahs and also at university and wants to do Canada and went hiking in the
whether they sound friendly or genetic research in the future. mountains.
not, and confident. 2 They control how old you are 2 He expected it to be full of rice
2 She volunteered at her university when you develop MS, how fields and traditionally-dressed
radio station for free. severe it could be, and what people.
3 She had to invent her own stories drugs might work against it. 3 He describes it as large,
and learn how to operate the 3 In the short term, he thinks they busy with traffic, modern and
equipment all by herself. will understand most of the genes westernised.
4 The only way to learn to be a that control the progression of 4 He visited a wonderful, authentic
radio reporter is to volunteer for the disease. village but there were also some
everything and learn on the job. 4 In the mid term, he expects to touristy villages where villagers
have an understanding of all weren’t living traditionally.
Unit 2 the genes involved and then he
hopes to see drugs developed to
1 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 e 5 b Unit 6
cure the disease.
2 and 3 1 1 c 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 d
Students’ own answers Unit 4 2 and 3
4 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 a 1 1 d 2 c 3 b 4 e 5 a Students’ own answers
5 1 Asking around the community to 2 Students’ own answers 4 1 a 2 c 3 c 4 c
get information and putting out 5 1 They ask about your hobbies,
an appeal on posters or the radio. 3 Question 1 c a city
Question 2 b a sex and an age your experiences and your
2 Using text messages or social reasons for applying for the job.
networking sites. Question 3 d a person’s role in
business 2 You should just smile, relax and
3 The main reason they watched be honest.
was for fun – they enjoyed Question 4 a a number
3 It is difficult because you can’t
watching it. 4 1 b 2 b 3 d 4 b admit that your work has been
4 Some teenage viewers 5 1 She describes Milan as the city of criticized, but you don’t want
recognized the vandals on the fashion, where your appearance to come across as arrogant by
CCTV footage. is important. saying you are never criticized.
2 They advise their clients on what 4 They want to find out if you are a
clothes look good on them, and loner or a team player.
help them shop for clothes.
3 Mostly rich older people,
concerned about their
appearance.
4 Aspects that need attention
include a person’s haircut, dress
sense and individual style.
AudioscriptS
Unit 1 S Yeah. It was hard work but great fun, J Well, they’re trying to contact the kids
P Presenter S Stacey and it gave me what people call a through the media they use. Logical,
‘good grounding’. You know? The isn’t it? A good example of this is a
P Hello and welcome to Jobs for Life. On
experience that you need to be a good case of vandalism that happened about
today’s programme, we’re talking to
professional. So, that’s my advice. two months ago. Some youths went
freelance radio reporter, Stacey Wright.
Volunteer for everything, throw yourself into a very expensive hotel and started
She’s going to tell us all about her job,
into the deep end, and learn on the job. smashing up the foyer …
and, I hope, she’s going to give us a
It’s the only way. P What? Really? A group of teenagers
few tips on how to break into her line of
P OK. Thanks, Stacey. It sounds like good just walked into a hotel and started
work.
advice to me. After the break, we … destroying the reception area without
Hi Stacey.
anyone doing anything about it?
S Hi.
Unit 2 J More or less, yes. But what they didn’t
P I’ve always wondered how the life of a realize was that they were caught on
P Presenter J Jennifer
radio reporter differed from that of a TV CCTV.
reporter. Is it very different? P Everyone seems to be talking about
how much of a problem gang violence P Security cameras?
S Well, there are a lot of similarities, of
is these days – knife fights, bullying and J Exactly. The police posted the images
course. The long hours and the low pay,
vandalism – but why is it that the police from the CCTV on a popular social
for a start. And the stories we cover are
don’t seem to be able to do anything networking site, and, within hours, the
the same. I suppose radio reporters
about it? That’s the question we are footage had hundreds of hits.
are interested in ‘good sound’ to bring
looking at tonight. P Do you mean that hundreds of young
stories to life, whereas TV reporting is all
To start with, we will hear about a people visited the site to help the
about getting good pictures.
new initiative to encourage witnesses police?
P So, what’s the secret to being a good
to come forward and tell the police J Not quite. Although many of the
radio reporter?
about what they’ve seen. These young teenagers visiting the site just wanted to
S Well, one thing you have to be aware
people, who may have been present watch the film for kicks – because they
of is how you sound and what you
when something terrible happened, are enjoy seeing that kind of thing – there
say, of course. You need to cut out
often unsure about who to tell and how were some teenage viewers who knew
pauses, and all those ‘ums’ and
to go about it. What the authorities in who the vandals were.
‘aahs’ people generally say, and you
New Jersey, USA, have decided to do P And did they help the police catch
need to know when you’re sounding
is to give these teenagers an option for them?
friendly or authoritative. It’s important
getting in touch with the police in a way J Sure. Within a few days the police had
too to come across as confident, not
that they are very familiar with – through names to match to the faces on the
nervous. But, I’d say the main thing is
technology. Here to tell us all about it CCTV film. And it was all because they
learning how to get other people to say
is our crime correspondent, Jennifer used their imagination to find a better
interesting things on air. That’s not easy.
Lowe. way for teenage witnesses to tell them
You and I are used to speaking into a
microphone, but most ordinary people So, Jennifer, what exactly have the what they’ve seen.
feel anxious when they have a camera police started doing? P Well that’s great news. And now we’re
or microphone put in front of them. A J Well, traditionally, there have been going to be … [fade]
good radio journalist knows how to put two ways of appealing for information
them at ease. following a serious crime like a Unit 3
P Yes, what do you do to make people mugging. The first is for detectives to P Presenter Dr Doctor Oakley
feel relaxed, how do you put them at go into the community, ask around, S Samantha J Janice
their ease? and get a feel for who might have
important information. And the second P Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is one of the
S It’s difficult to say exactly but it’s world’s most debilitating diseases.
is to put out a general appeal using
probably only 50% what you do However, the pace of genetic research
the mass media (TV, radio etc) and
and 50% how you are as a person. I into the disease suggests that a cure
posters to encourage people who know
obviously ask lots of questions about will be found one day soon. In today’s
something to come forward.
the person’s life and use their name programme, leading geneticist, Doctor
a lot but as I’m an extrovert I think P And is this working?
Roger Oakley, is here to answer your
communication just comes naturally J Not at all. At least, not among the questions about the progress of
to me. community they need information from: research into the disease.
P And do you have any tips on how to get the teenagers. Of course, lots of older
Hello, doctor.
a job as a radio journalist? people call the police on telephone
hotlines, but people under twenty Dr Hello.
S Well, it isn’t easy. I started out by P First of all, doctor, could you explain to
simply aren’t into that. The problem is
volunteering to work for the radio our listeners what multiple sclerosis is?
that they communicate by texting or on
station at my university for free. I had Dr Sure. Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is
social networking sites, not by reading
to come up with my own news stories a disease of the nervous system.
posters and making phone calls. And
and work out how to operate all the Basically, in MS patients the
now the police have recognized this
technological equipment by myself. connections between the brain and the
and are doing something about it.
P What? Really? You had to do the rest of the body stop working properly
P So, what are they doing exactly?
whole thing? Think of the story, find and this causes a variety of problems.
the people, record them, do all the … P I see. So what are the symptoms?
recording … mixing … editing and all
those technical things too?
Audioscripts
Dr Well, the patient’s vision is normally Unit 4 A Well, that sounds like a great job – you
affected; their sense of balance, the P Presenter A Amy A Andrea don’t need anyone to help you do you?
ability to coordinate bodily functions, Anyway, thanks ever so much Andrea.
P If you’re hopeless at shopping but like
too and it can sometimes result in Now, back to the
to look trendy, then you’ll find our next
complete paralysis. studio …
item on World Today very enlightening.
P Oh dear! It must be really distressing for
Reporter Amy Jackson is in Milan, in
both the patients and the families.
northern Italy, investigating the world Unit 5
Dr It certainly is. That’s why such great of the personal shopper – men and P Presenter D Danny
efforts are being made to come up with women who make a living by shopping P Hello and welcome to Backpacker
a cure for it. for other people! World, the travel programme for young
P Absolutely. Talking of which, we have A That’s right, Graham. Here I am in people who want to see the world. My
lots of calls coming in from our listeners Milan, the city of fashion, where the way guest today is Danny Clarke, a 19-year-
who, I’m sure, will want to ask you all you look is really important. That’s why old student from Birmingham who has
about the latest developments in the a lot of people here who can afford it just returned from today’s featured
search for a cure for MS. Our first caller are starting to employ experts to advise country – Vietnam.
is Samantha on line one. Your question, them on issues of sartorial style – in Hi Danny. Welcome to the show.
Samantha? other words wearing the right clothes. D It’s great to be here.
S Hi Simon. Well, one of my aunts has The personal shopping service is P So, Danny, I believe Vietnam was the
multiple sclerosis, and my brother is something that started in – where last stop on a round-the-world trip.
studying medicine at university and else? – the United States, but has now Which other countries did you go to
is hoping to be involved in genetic spread to Europe, especially the major before you ended up in Hanoi?
research one day. So my question is, style capitals like Milan, London, Paris D Well, it all started nine months ago
why is the study of genes so important and Madrid. with a flight to the United States. After
in the quest for a cure for multiple
And with me I have Andrea Rossi, a visiting New York and Chicago I spent
sclerosis, and what have you learnt
style consultant and personal shopper. most of my first month in Canada,
about the MS gene so far?
What sort of people employ personal hiking in the mountains and staying in
Dr Well, MS is a disease that is passed shoppers like you? Vancouver.
from one generation to the next, so
A Well, the demand for personal P Wow! That’s supposed to be a really
we know that some people carry
shoppers has grown a lot lately. A few cool city.
genes that put them at greater risk of
years ago, most of my customers were D Yes it is, it’s got snow in the winter and
developing MS. The problem is that
wealthy older people, people who beautiful sunny weather at this time of
we’re not talking about one or two bad
just liked to look good. Now, I’d say year.
genes here. Any one person may carry
business people make up most of my P Sounds amazing! And then, after that
different genes that govern at what age
clientele. They tend to be well-off, of … Vietnam! Tell us why you went there.
they might develop MS, how severe
course, under forty, and incredibly busy
it could be, or what drugs might work D Good question. I suppose I wanted to
with high-powered jobs.
against it. So there are a lot of disease see something completely different.
A So, why are they coming to you? While I was in the USA and Canada I felt
genes to find before we can fully
understand how it all works. The good A Well, my clients simply don’t have that I was in a very familiar environment
news is that we have already identified time to shop for clothes themselves. – after all, we speak the same language
some key genes and the genetic trail is There was a time in the past when and have similar customs to the
getting clearer by the day. dressing as a successful business Americans and Canadians …
person was easier. You just had to P … but Vietnam was different?
P Thank you Samantha, now we have
wear a conventional, dark suit. Mainly
Janice on line two. D Completely! Before I went, I suppose I’d
because they were mostly men. But
J Hi. Yes. I’d like to ask how long the expected the country to be full of rice
these days, things are different. Style is
doctor thinks it will be before we have a fields, you know? Mainly farms.
much more important and successful
cure for MS? P But it wasn’t?
business people include both men and
Dr Well, a while yet. In the short term, and women. Fortunately for me, this means D Well, some parts of Vietnam are very
by that I mean the next few years, I that things like hairstyle, dress sense agricultural, they look a bit like the
expect us to understand more or less and looking good are all much more images we’ve all seen on American
all the genes that affect the way the important than they used to be. Feeling films about the war there. You know,
disease progresses – by that I mean good in front of colleagues and, more rice fields with buffalos and farmers
how fast it develops or how severe it is. importantly, impressing clients can even wearing big hats … but other parts of
In the mid term, we’ll know all the genes improve their job prospects. the country really surprised me.
involved, including the elusive ones that P In what way?
A So, how much are they prepared to pay
make some people susceptible to the D Well, when I got to Ho Chi Minh City
for your services?
disease in the first place. And then I fully I couldn’t believe how huge it was,
A Well, it depends on how long they need
expect to see the development of drugs how much traffic there was, and how
me for and how many items I need to
which will be able to stop the disease. industrialized the city was. In fact, it’s
purchase, but, on average, they pay
P Well, thanks so much Dr Oakley for quite westernised in a way – you can
two thousand euros a day.
your time and we wish the best of luck find food there from almost any country
A Two thousand euros a day! And that
to you and your team. Now, in medicine in the world.
doesn’t include the money they spend
today … (fade)
on clothes, I assume.
A Yes, that’s just for me!
AudioscriptS
P And what about the Vietnamese T Not really. Whether you have ample
people? work experience or none, we all have
D They’re fascinating but the people in positive qualities to bring to a new
the north are totally different to the job. For example, you can be a hard-
people in the south. In the north of the working and pro-active person. That
country, you can visit people living very means you have initiative. You might be
traditional lifestyles in small villages. We sociable and easy going, which means
visited a really authentic village where you can work well with other people, or
everyone wore traditional dress – it was you might be an independent person
a wonderful experience. Obviously, who can get on with the job without
they’re not all like that: some villages needing lots of support. These are all
have discovered tourism and have very positive qualities, depending on
completely lost their traditional way the job you are applying for.
of life. They just sell souvenirs. Then P So you think preparing for an interview
there’s the people in the cities. They’re is the key to success?
a bit more like us, but friendlier. T Definitely. However, there will always
P And was that the end of your trip be one question that you can’t really
Danny? plan for. That’s the ‘trick’ question – a
D No, actually, after Vietnam, I managed question that experienced interviewers
to fit in a short trip across Cambodia, often use.
and flew back from there two days ago, P ‘Trick’ questions, eh? Can you give us
so Vietnam wasn’t quite the end of the an example?
trip. T Well, one favourite is to ask you to
P Well, you’ve managed to convince me describe a situation where your work
that I need to go to Vietnam. Danny, it’s or one of your ideas was criticized.
been great talking to you … This is really tricky because, on the one
hand, it doesn’t sound good to admit
Unit 6 that your work has ever been criticized.
P Presenter T Tom However, if you say that you’ve never
done anything wrong, you can come
P As the school year draws to a close,
across as very arrogant.
many students will be applying for part-
P So how do you answer that question?
time or full-time jobs and will soon have
to face the daunting task of going to a T Well, the best answer is to talk about an
job interview. In today’s programme, idea that wasn’t successful at first but
we’ll be asking careers advisor Tom became successful after you changed
Steward about how to prepare for an it or improved it in some way. The key
interview. thing is to always finish your answer
positively by talking about something
Welcome to the studio, Tom. One thing
you did well.
that many young people write in to ask
is what questions interviewers are going P That sounds like good advice.
to ask them. Can you help? T Interviewers sometimes ask what type
T Well, yes. Most good interviewers will of work environment you like. What
ask some easy questions to make you they’re trying to find out is whether you
feel relaxed. They’ll ask about your are a loner or a team player, whether
hobbies, your experiences and your you are independent or needy. There’s
reasons for applying for the job. These no right or wrong answer but if you
questions should be easy to answer are applying for a job in which you
– just smile, relax and be honest. will need to work in a team, don’t say
However, the interviewer will soon that you prefer your own office with
move on to other more open questions. silence and the door shut! If in doubt,
These will probably be about your the best answer is to imply that you like
education, work experience and about working with others but that you can be
your qualities as a candidate. independent too.
P So open questions are more difficult? P OK. Thanks for that, Tom. One further
question. What …
T Well, they can be if you haven’t
prepared but if you’ve carefully read
through your CV before going into the
interview, then you should be ready to
talk about your educational and work
experience.
P What about your qualities as a
candidate? That sounds a bit trickier.
Unit Testscience
(plus) and technology ?
Weird weather
A In the south-east of Spain in the year 2000, giant damage to the ozone layer could be to blame. This
lumps of ice the size of basketballs fell from the sky, layer of gases protects us from solar radiation, but
smashing roofs and cars as they dropped. This is not on the days preceding the event, ozone levels were
the only weird weather to appear in the news; in unusually low in the stratosphere. As a result, less
England in the 1940s it rained frogs. At first glance solar radiation was absorbed by the stratosphere,
it might seem that these phenomena are practical allowing more heat to pass through to the
jokes or simply untrue, but a look at the science 3
troposphere and resulting in a cooler stratosphere.
behind them reveals some interesting results. This may have caused turbulent wind conditions at
the tropopause, the boundary between these two
B Initially meteorologists thought these huge ice balls
layers of the atmosphere. Subsequently, passing
might have fallen from passing planes, but closer
planes could have deposited charged* ions which
analysis revealed they had the ‘onionskin’ layering
acted as nuclei for the formation of hailstones
of ice typical of 1hailstones. Hailstones are caused
which grew as they cycled up and down. The only
by winds known as updrafts that blow upwards in
problem with this theory is that it doesn’t explain
thunderstorms. Droplets of 2supercooled water are
why these hailstones were so big, and the mystery
carried upwards where they come into contact with
remains unsolved.
ice crystals or dust particles and instantly freeze,
causing a hailstone to grow around these particles. D Megacryometeors are not the only bizarre weather
Hailstones cycle between the updraft and the top stories to appear in the news. During a 1939
of the cloud over and again, growing with each 4
downpour in England, hundreds of frogs fell
revolution as they come into contact with moisture. from the sky. This sounds hard to believe, but the
At some point they become too heavy and fall to explanation is that when a 5tornado travels over
the ground. a body of water with frogs and fish, these small
creatures can be sucked up and carried for many
C If the giant ice balls found in Spain, called
kilometres before falling.
megacryometeors, are really just enormous
hailstones, the updrafts would have to be very E Strange weather phenomena are fascinating but
strong and a result of a violent storm. However, are actually quite rare. However, the next time the
these megacryometeors fell from cloudless skies. weather forecast tells you it’s going to rain cats and
The cause of the giant hailstones is unclear but dogs, you might want to take it more seriously!
scientists from the University of Valencia say
*charged: filled with electricity
1 Choose the best answer according to the text. 2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.
1 Hailstones … a small balls of ice that fall from the sky

a often fall from planes. b a large amount of rain that falls quickly
b are caused by horizontal winds. c a violent windstorm, often with winds moving
c start as frozen dust particles. in a circular motion
d fall due to their own weight. d the lowest layer of the atmosphere, 10–20km
2 Megacryometeors … above the Earth
a occur when there is no wind. e made extremely cold
b may be caused by global warming.
3 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
c have nothing to do with planes.
d may be related to pollution levels. 1 people who study the weather.
3 ‘Frog rain’ … 2 violent, wet weather conditions, often accompanied
a only happens in England. by lightning.
b can happen when there’s a tornado. 3 a layer of gases that protects us from the sun’s
c can happen in the absence of water. rays.
d usually happens during heavy rain. 4 a region of the upper atmosphere, around 50km
4 Strange weather phenomena … above the Earth.
a are usually fake. 5 atoms with an electrical charge.
b usually involve animals.
c are not very common.
d usually have no explanation.
science and technology
Now you see it, now you don’t

A Most of us hear the words ‘invisibility cloak’ and by using nanotechnology. The cloak consists of
think of Harry Potter films or computer games, but thin sheets of 3polymer covered in a circuit of
cutting-edge developments in materials science tiny 4conducting metal shapes, designed to direct
have brought us one step closer to achieving incoming electromagnetic radiation so it moves in
invisibility. a specific way. One reason this has worked where
other attempts have failed is that light has such a
B Objects are visible to us because they reflect
short wavelength that, in order to manipulate it, the
light, known as electromagnetic radiation, back to
material used needs to have a very small scale. This
our eyes. In recent investigations, scientists have
is achieved using silicon nanoparticles, which bend
developed a material that 1refracts light in carefully
the electromagentic waves so that we see the light
curved paths around the object we want to hide, so
that is reflected from the surface behind the hidden
that we can see through it, or rather, around it to the
object instead of from the object we want to hide.
other side. In other words, the light that is 2reflected
back to our eyes will come from whatever is behind D These developments are exciting but scientists admit
the object rather than the object itself. The secret that we are far from creating usable invisibility
behind this material is the way it bends light using cloaks. One problem is that the cloak doesn’t reflect
a phenomenon called negative refraction. Materials light or cast a shadow, which might make it obvious
found in nature have a positive refractive index. An that we are trying to hide something. It would also
example of this is when we put a straw in a glass of be made of 5rigid material, so it wouldn’t be suitable
water and the straw appears to be slightly bent. If for flexible objects, such as clothing, and while big
water had negative refraction, the reflection of the cloaks could be made to cover large objects, you
straw would stick up and out of the water’s surface wouldn’t be able to move the cloak as it would
into the air above the glass. make the object visible again.
C In previous attempts at creating invisibility cloaks, E So while it seems that for the moment Harry
scientists have only managed to make them Potter-style invisibility cloaks are still the stuff of
work for light that human eyes can’t see, such as Hollywood movies, it’s undeniable that achieving
microwaves, which have longer wavelengths. This negative refraction of light is an important step
new research has managed to produce negative towards that dream.
refraction of shorter wavelengths, like visible light,
1 Answer the questions in your own words. 4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.
1 How does the invisibility cloak work? a when an image, heat or light is cast back to its
source
2 What are the problems with the invisibility cloak? b deflects light from a straight path in another
direction
c transmitting heat, sound or electricity
from the text to support your answers. d a synthetic material composed of many
repeating units
1 We see objects because they absorb light.
e stiff

2 Negative refraction exists in nature. 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
1 ultra-modern.
3 Light has a longer wavelength than microwaves. 2 a very high-frequency type of electromagnetic
wave.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the 3 a path designed to direct electrical currents.
meaning.
4 tiny microscopic particles.
1 ‘Yes, I made a mistake,’ said the researcher.
5 a dark shape on the floor, produced by an absence
The researcher admitted
of light.
2 Both of the scientists were unsurprised when the
invention failed.
Neither
Unit Testscience
Organ transplants from animals?

A If someone told you that you had a monkey’s eyes lie in 3stem cell technology. These ‘master cells’
or a pig’s heart, you would probably feel a little have the potential to turn into all types of body
insulted. However, recent scientific developments tissue, including organs. Stem cells can be obtained
may make animal-to-human transplants of organs, from human embryos, but this has provoked a lot of
or xenotransplantation, a reality in the near future. ethical controversy. Recently however, geneticists
have managed to cultivate stem cells from pig
B In Spain, there are around 6000 people currently
embryos and have been experimenting with
waiting for an organ transplant, most of whom need
modifying the immune-related genes in these cells
a new kidney, heart, liver or lungs. Many of these
to make them compatible with the human immune
patients die every year due to the lack of organs
system. These genetically-engineered cells could
available. Even if a suitable donor is found, the
then be used to clone pigs with these new traits.
organ may be rejected when the 1leucocytes in our
blood detect it as a foreign item. E Of course, xenotransplantation is not without its
problems. Animal-rights groups are concerned
C Rejection usually begins to occur within a week of
about the ethics of breeding animals specifically
transplantation. One mechanism for this is when
for transplant purposes. Another issue is 4clotting,
our 2T-cells stimulate the transplanted tissue to
which occurs when human antibodies 5bind
produce chemical messenger cells, or cytokines,
to blood vessels in the pig organ and activate
that interact with receptors on specific target cells,
coagulation factors. This issue may soon be solved
causing necrosis of the organ. In order to reduce
though, as scientists have had some success
the chances of rejection, the patient can take
producing pigs carrying human genes for anti-
immunosuppressants, but these can make them
clotting substances. There are also concerns about
vulnerable to other diseases and infections.
the transmission of viruses that are harmless to
D One advantage of using transplants from animals is animals but lethal to humans, and the fact that as
that it would produce a limitless supply of organs. animals age more quickly than humans, there is a
Pigs are quite similar to us genetically and make risk that the transplanted organs won’t last a lifetime.
ideal donors, but in past attempts at transplantation,
F Xenotransplantation is still in its infancy, but despite
our bodies have rejected their organs. It seems that
the challenges, it may become a reality within the
the answer to successful xenotransplantation may
next ten years and will hopefully save many lives.
1 What problems are faced by people receiving a to attach
human-to-human organ transplants? b a type of white blood cell that recognizes
foreign items in the body and activates
2 What are the main problems with immune responses
xenotransplantation? c a general name for all white blood cells
d when blood thickens to form semi-solid lumps
e an unspecialized cell that has the potential to
from the text to support your answers. develop into cells with a specialized purpose
1 Organ rejection tends to be a slow process. 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
1 the transfer of an organ from one body to another.
2 All organs contain stem cells.
2 someone who gives an organ to another person.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the
meaning. 3 the death of an organ.
4 medicines that reduce the effect of the body’s
1 We have been doing experiments with stem cells.
immune system.
They have been successful.
5 to create an exact copy.
The experiments
2 Xenotransplantation should be possible if we can
solve the problem with rejection.
Provided
Synthetic diamonds
A Diamonds are among the most expensive precious Due to all these limitations, these diamonds
stones and the hardest natural material known, are mainly used for industrial purposes, such as
with large, high-quality stones selling for millions coatings for tools.
of euros. However, new techniques for creating
D Now, scientists from the Carnegie Institution of
synthetic diamonds may soon mean that cheap
Washington have found a way to make large,
diamond jewellery will be a reality for all of us.
flawless diamonds quickly and cheaply using a
B Diamonds occur naturally under very specific technique called chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
1
thermodynamic conditions, when carbon deposits They take a pre-existing synthetic diamond ‘seed’
are exposed to pressures of between 45 and 60 and put it in a special microwave. This microwave
kilobars and temperatures of 900–1300°C for long is turned up to 2200ºC and methane, nitrogen and
periods of time, at around 150km beneath the hydrogen are injected into the chamber where the
Earth’s surface. This results in a rearrangement of the microwaves 4ionize these gases, causing them to
carbon atoms and a shortening and strengthening of deposit carbon atoms on the diamond’s surface.
the bonds that connect them. In a diamond crystal, These carbon atoms then rearrange themselves in
each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon the same crystalline structure as the seed, and in
atoms via the strongest chemical links, covalent this way the diamond grows. This technique is not
bonds, forming a rigid and very stable 2tetrahedral only cheaper than the older methods, but allows for
network. much faster diamond growth, and as it doesn’t use
high pressures it often produces stones with fewer
C Chemists have been producing man-made
flaws than those found in nature.
diamonds for some years now, by recreating the
high temperature and pressure conditions found E These advances mean there is a very real possibility
deep underground, often by crushing carbon under that in a few years, anyone who wants to will be
a large weight. To grow a single diamond using this able to cheaply purchase large and perfectly formed
method takes over a week, and the fact that they are synthetic diamonds. Samples have even been
compressed for long periods of time makes it hard sent to jewellers who have been unable to tell the
to create large stones. In addition, the high pressure difference between these synthetic stones and the
can cause defects in the diamond’s 3lattice, giving real thing. All of this is great news for jewellery-
them a yellow or brown colour and sometimes lovers but could mean bad news for the 5mining
weakening their bonds to the extent that the industry.
diamond turns into its softer cousin, graphite.
1 In nature … a extracting natural resources from beneath the

a diamonds form at high temperature but low Earth’s surface
pressure. b related to the conversion of heat into other
b graphite can be made from diamonds. types of energy
c diamonds form at high temperature and high c a regular repeating structure of atoms in
pressure. a crystal
d diamonds grow quite quickly. d a shape composed of four triangular faces
2 Synthetic diamonds … e to charge electrically
a aren’t usually used to make jewellery.
b are made underground.
c are never colourless. 1 man-made.
d have always been created quickly. 2 chemical bonds where two atoms share a pair of
3 Chemical vapour deposition … electrons.
a uses natural diamonds as a base. 3 a soft, grey-black form of carbon.
b doesn’t require carbon-rich gases. 4 steam.
c doesn’t rely on pressure. 5 composed of crystals.
d can’t compete with naturally-produced
diamonds.
Unit Testscience
Life on Venus
A Is it possible that there was once life on Venus? conditions to those on Earth. Granitic rocks usually
Recent space exploration has shown that our require water for their formation, so these findings
neighbouring planet was possibly much more suggest that, early in the history of the Solar System,
similar to Earth in the past, with a 1plate tectonics Venus may have been a habitable planet with
system and oceans which could have contained plenty of water. Granite is an 4igneous intrusive
primitive life forms. rock, meaning it solidifies below the Earth’s surface.
Although geologists have some doubts about how
B Until recently we have never been able to get a
granite is produced, one mechanism is when heavy
close view of Venus, due to its 450ºC temperature
basaltic oceanic 5lithosphere is subducted under
and the fact that it’s covered in a thick layer of
lighter continental crust at a plate boundary. As it is
poisonous gas. However, in 2007 the European
drawn down, heat and pressure cause it to melt and
Space Agency (ESA) sent a probe to orbit around
it mixes with debris and water which were carried
Venus and photographed it using 2infra-red cameras
under along with the crust, and then, as it cools, it
which can see through these clouds. The images
recrystallizes as granite. After millions of years of
revealed that Venus probably has ancient continents
erosion this granite is finally revealed at the surface
produced by volcanic activity and which used to be
of the continentals.
surrounded by seas. It seems that for some reason
Venus’s climate went out of control and became E Of course, none of this conclusively proves that
drastically hotter, and it is hoped that studying its Venus was once a more hospitable planet. All we
climate change may help us understand climate really know is that the plateau rocks look different
change on Earth. from elsewhere and therefore may be granitic.
Despite this, scientists think it is worth searching
C The infra-red photos of Venus tell scientists what the
for microbial life which may still be living in
planet’s surface might be made of because different
Venus’s lower atmosphere. It is uncertain why Venus
rock types radiate different levels of heat and show
suddenly became so hot and dry and whether the
up as different colours. The images revealed patches
same could one day happen to Earth. For now we
of lighter rock in highland areas, which on Earth are
just have to consider ourselves lucky that we live
usually associated with continental crust and 3felsic
on a planet with the perfect temperature – halfway
rocks like granite.
between boiling Venus and freezing Mars.
D If these pale rocks on Venus are indeed granite, it
is possible that they were created under similar
1 In what ways may Venus have once been similar to a a type of light that is warm but cannot be seen
Earth? b referring to rock with a high content of silica
minerals, such as quartz
2 How is granite created on Earth? c referring to rock formed from molten magma
d a theory which explains the movement of
the Earth’s continents and the distribution of
from the text to support your answers. volcanic and seismic activity
e the part of the Earth which includes the crust
1 The surface of Venus can be seen from Earth with a
and the upper mantle
telescope.
2 Scientists aren’t sure there is no life on Venus today. 1 to move around a large object in space in a circular
or elliptical motion.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the 2 the outer layer of the Earth found under the
meaning. continents and the oceans.
3 a common coarse-grained rock.
1 He regrets not studying for the geology exam.
4 when one of the Earth’s plates is drawn under
He wishes
another.
2 I asked Mark to help me, but he wouldn’t.
5 a raised area of land.
Even
Black holes
A Could the planet Earth be swallowed and destroyed collapse, their own gravity presses them together,
by a man-made black hole? As improbable as it compressing an immense mass into a tiny area of
seems, some scientists have speculated that this space. This tiny speck of 4matter has such a strong
could happen. gravitational pull that nothing it absorbs, not even
light, can escape, meaning it doesn’t emit light and
B A team of scientists working at CERN (the European
appears to be black. Black holes suck in everything
Organization for Nuclear Research) has installed
that comes near them and the more they absorb, the
a particle accelerator, called the Large Hadron
more they grow.
Collider (or LHC); a 27-km ring buried 100m below
the ground near Geneva, Switzerland. The LHC will E Some theories suggest the collider could push
be used by physicists to study subatomic particles, enough energy together to cause gravitational
reproducing the energies that existed just after the collapse of particles and create mini black holes.
Big Bang when our universe was born. This research Luckily, these black holes would probably be
will hopefully solve some fundamental mysteries harmless. Particle collisions happen in nature all
about how the universe is put together. the time when 5cosmic rays from space bombard
the Earth, and these do not result in catastrophe.
C When the machine is running, thin beams of billions
Unlike normal black holes, micro black holes
of 1protons called ‘hadrons’ travel in opposite
would have almost no mass and exert almost no
directions around the circular accelerator at almost
gravitational pull on matter, and therefore would
the speed of light. They circulate for hours, guided
not grow and they would probably evaporate within
around the ring by thousands of powerful 2magnets,
a millisecond. Even if they had the opportunity to
gaining energy as they go. Finally they collide in
grow, they would attract matter so slowly that they
the centre of the accelerator with enormous energy,
wouldn’t grow significantly for billions of years.
creating an explosion of particles, perhaps including
some that no one has seen before. F While the creation of a quantum black hole at the
LHC is unlikely, it could also be very exciting, as it
D Along with these particles, it’s possible that the
would allow physicists to learn about gravity, a force
LHC could create miniature black holes. Black
we know relatively little about. And as for the end of
holes occur when a star of sufficient 3mass dies
the world, scientists say the odds of being destroyed
and undergoes gravitational collapse. Enormous
by a black hole are less than one in 50 million, so
stars have enormous gravitational pull, and as they
we’re probably quite safe for now.
1 The Large Hadron Collider will … a size and weight

a allow us to better understand how the universe b solid substances that attract metal
was created. c substance
b be used to study large particles. d belonging to the universe
c study the particles from the Big Bang. e positively-charged particles within the nucleus
d help us to understand how the Earth might end. of an atom
2 Black holes seem black because they …
a don’t absorb any light.
b don’t release the light within them. 1 an area of space created when a star collapses
c reflect light. with such a large gravitational pull that not even
d are too small to be seen. light can escape it.
3 Hadrons travel … 2 an electromagnetic device that produces high-
a around the collider in a semi-circular direction. energy particles and focuses them in a certain
b more slowly as they go around the collider. direction.
c around the collider under their own force. 3 referring to particles such as neutrons that are
d around the collider in two directions. contained within an atom.
4 a theory that says the universe originated with a
large explosion.
5 the force of attraction that a star or planet has,
pulling other objects towards its centre.
Unit TestHumanities
(plus) and social science ?
Tank Man – the anonymous hero

A Sometimes in history, the actions of just one D On 5th June, more protesters attempted to enter the
ordinary person can make a difference to many. square but were shot by the soldiers. It is around
One such individual is ‘Tank Man’, the anonymous this time that Tank Man appeared; a moment which
bystander who stood up to the Chinese army in was captured on film and became famous all over
Tiananmen Square. the world. As a line of tanks entered the square, a
small man in a white shirt approached the vehicles
B The Tiananmen Square 1riots in Beijing were
and blocked them by standing in their path. The first
provoked when around 100,000 people, many of
tank driver attempted to go around him, but the man
them students, gathered in the square to mourn
moved and stopped him. He stood in front of them
the death of the pro-2democracy official, Hu
for some time, then climbed up onto the lead tank
Yaobang, in April of 1989. This event also became
and spoke to the soldiers. He reportedly said, ‘Why
an opportunity to protest about other concerns
are you here? You have caused nothing but misery,’
regarding China’s communist government, such as
then moved away. Of course, he did not manage to
freedom of speech.
stop the tanks but he did make a statement about
C Although the demonstrations were mainly peaceful, freedom in front of the whole world.
the Chinese government worried that they could
E Nobody knows what happened to Tank Man after
result in a 3revolt and took military action. The
this, as he disappeared into the crowd. Some
students blocked the army’s entry to Beijing, but
say he was captured and executed by the secret
around 1st June, soldiers managed to enter the
police. Others think he is still in hiding somewhere
city and stopped at the edge of Tiananmen Square
in China, but as nobody knows his identity it is
waiting for government orders. They were told not
impossible to find him.
to shoot anyone, but that they had to clear the
square by 6.00am, without fail. Some demonstrators F In China today it can seem as if the events of 5th
would not leave, so the army made an offer of June 1989 never happened; discussion of the
4
amnesty not to use force as long as they went. protests is taboo, and even internet searches of
However, many of them decided to stay and face the incident are 5censored. Despite this, Tank Man
the consequences and this is when the tanks began cannot be erased from people’s memories, where
to roll into the square and open fire. for many he will be remembered forever as an
anonymous hero.
1 The Tiananmen Square riots … a an attempt to remove the government of your
a started with a funeral. country using force
b were about several issues. b a period of time when offences are forgiven in
c were pro-communist. exchange for certain actions
d only involved students. c information or images banned from public view
2 The military … d when government is chosen by the people
a entered the square as soon as the riots began. e public protests that are often violent and out of
b shot people, despite the government telling them control
not to.
c had difficulty entering the square.
d managed to clear the square by 6.00am. 1 a large group of military people.
3 Tank Man … 2 a system of government where one party controls
a blocked the tanks with his car. both political and economic activity and where all
b made the tanks leave the square. property is owned collectively.
c used force to stop the tanks. 3 people who are taking part in a protest or
d temporarily stopped the tanks. demonstration.
4 Tank Man … 4 a public declaration.
a may still be alive. 5 killed, often publicly.
b sometimes appears on Chinese news.
c has been forgotten by most Chinese people.
d was probably killed.
Humanities and social science
Who was Shakespeare? That is the question.

A Shakespeare is probably the world’s best-known other great writers of the time. It’s also impossible
playwright. He’s famous for 1tragedies such as to prove that the plays and sonnets are definitely in
Hamlet, comedies like A Midsummer Night’s Shakespeare’s handwriting.
Dream, and histories such as Henry V. However,
D Shakespeare ‘doubters’ think his work may have
there are those who question whether Shakespeare
been written by a group of authors, or perhaps the
really did write these works.
Earl of Oxford. They say that university-educated
B One reason for the 2authorship doubts is that little Oxford, who was a celebrated poet in his youth and
is known about Shakespeare’s life. All we know for part of high society, is the perfect candidate. He
certain is that he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in travelled to Venice and many other foreign 3settings
England in 1564 and was the son of a glove-maker. of the plays, while Shakespeare may never have left
He later married and had three children, acted in England. Oxford’s relationships and family troubles
a number of plays and went on to own shares in also bear resemblance to the 4plots in some of
theatres, such as the Globe in London, before dying the plays. They say he never revealed his identity
in 1616. because he was part of the nobility and would not
have been allowed to write plays, and that he might
C Sceptics say that someone from a humble family
have paid Shakespeare to pretend to be the author.
like Shakespeare’s could not have had the life
experience necessary to create the work attributed E Of course, most 5scholars disagree with these
to him. It is indeed odd that an ordinary man theories. After all, Shakespeare’s name appears on
from a small 16th-century town and no access the plays and there are numerous letters and poems
to a personal library had a vocabulary of 29,000 from friends referring to him as the author. Little
words and expert knowledge of foreign languages, biographical information exists about him, but this
high society, Greek and Latin mythology, legal is unsurprising, as in Elizabethan England the lives
terminology and the latest discoveries in science, of ordinary people were not well-documented. They
medicine and astronomy of the time. The other also believe that many of the documents that existed
strange factor is that authors tend to reveal have not survived to the present day.
themselves in their work, and there are few parallels
F Whoever the real Shakespeare was, his stories will
between Shakespeare’s life and the fictional
always be a key part of our culture, so perhaps it
characters in the plays. Doubters question why,
doesn’t really matter who wrote them.
when he died, he was not publicly mourned, unlike
1 What do we know about Shakespeare’s a the places and periods in which plays and films
background? take place
b plays dealing with sad and serious themes
2 Why do some people think the Earl of Oxford may c storylines
have been the real Shakespeare? d referring to the person who wrote a particular
piece of work
e people who have great knowledge of a
from the text to support your answers. certain subject
1 Much of Shakespeare’s work is autobiographical. 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
1 someone who writes plays for a living.
2 Shakespeare didn’t have a large funeral.
2 places where plays are performed.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the 3 a set of legendary stories or traditions related to a
meaning. particular culture or time in history.
4 referring to a story that is not based on reality.
1 I didn’t come to the play because I was tired.
If
5 poems with 14 lines.
2 Hannah prefers the theatre to the cinema.
Hannah would
Unit TestHumanities
The end of cities?

A Today, around half of the world’s population, over eventually stop or reverse the trend of urban growth,
three billion people, live in cities. As countries in resulting in a slow death of our cities, especially
the developing world become industrialized, more if we don’t find suitable alternative energies.
people move to these urban centres every day. As we run out of petrol and its price increases,
However, some demographers are predicting that 3
commuting into cities for work will become
the global energy crisis might mean the end for the unaffordable. This means houses in the 4suburbs
world’s major cities. will lose their value, and these outskirts will begin
to contract. Another result of an energy crisis could
B During the late 18th century, the western world
be a reduction in industrial activity and mechanized
entered an industrial age, with a transition from an
farming, which relies on electricity and oil. This
economy based on 1manual labour and farming
could eventually result in us having to grow food
to one centred on machine-based manufacturing.
closer to home, on a smaller scale, requiring more
Mechanical farming techniques meant fewer
human and even animal labour. All this could cause
labourers were needed to work in rural areas and
a huge 5demographic shift, with people moving
vast numbers of people moved from villages to the
from big cities back to the countryside for the first
cities. By 1900, cities like London and New York
time in 200 years.
had evolved into 2mega-urbanisms with populations
of millions. Around the same time, electrical power D Of course, this is very unlikely to happen, but even
was making it possible for large numbers of people if our cities don’t disappear, they may become
to live in tall city-centre tower blocks with lifts. smaller, with more people living and working right
Over the following decades, low petrol prices made in their centres. Heavy industry may also move back
it cheap and practical for most of us to own cars. towards more central waterfront locations, with an
This in turn meant families could now move out to increased reliance on sail*-powered water transport
bigger homes on the cities’ edges, and could easily of goods. Only time will tell if this picture of the
drive into the centre for anything they needed. future is accurate, but it does warn us that now
As transport was no longer a problem, cities grew more than ever we need to consider the importance
larger and were zoned according to activity, such of investing in alternative energies and conserving
as out-of-town shopping areas, the central business the fuel we have left.
district and industrial areas.
*sail: a piece of fabric that uses the wind’s power to
C Now some geographers are saying that the fuel move a boat
shortages we face in the years ahead could
1 Cities are currently … a work that is done without the use of modern
a shrinking. machines
b smaller than in the 18th century. b the act of travelling into a town or city every
c expanding. day to work
d home to 30% of the world’s population. c residential districts immediately outside a city
2 During the industrial revolution … d a large-scale change in the population
a everyone lived in skyscrapers. e very large cities
b most people had cars.
c the amount of people living in the countryside
increased. 1 referring to an economy that is based on industry
d cities became more densely populated. and other mechanized activity.
3 The suburbs … 2 people who study social statistics.
a will disappear in the future. 3 tall buildings used for housing.
b may become a cheaper place to live in the 4 the area surrounding a town or city.
future. 5 industry which relies on the use of large-scale,
c may become a more expensive place to live expensive machinery.
because it will be unaffordable to travel to them.
d may become a more expensive place to live
because house prices will rise.
The Michelangelo code – the Sistine Chapel

A We’ve all heard of the Da Vinci Code, but could D That isn’t the only controversy; a recent best-selling
there be a secret ‘Michelangelo code’ hidden in book theorizes that Michelangelo secretly practised
the frescoes of the Vatican’s Sistine Chapel? These Judaism*, which was illegal at the time, and hid
paintings form one of the most famous Christian Jewish symbols within the frescoes. In one panel,
High 1Renaissance works of art, but some art critics instead of depicting the Tree of Knowledge as an
say the artist hid secret symbols in the painting that apple tree, he painted a fig tree in accordance
had little to do with Christianity. Is there any truth in with ancient Jewish tradition. Some figures within
these claims – or have they simply been reading too the fresco also seem to have their arms and legs
many Dan Brown books? arranged to form Hebrew** messages such as
‘loving kindness’, perhaps sending messages of
B The Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo
religious tolerance to those oppressed by the
between 1508 and 1512, at the request of Pope
Church. Art historians say that while some shapes in
Julius II. In order to reach the ceiling, the artist
the painting may look like Hebrew letters, there is
designed a special platform which hung from the
no proof that Michelangelo intended this. Why the
chapel’s high windows. The technique used was
artist may have included these symbols is unclear;
fresco, in which broad washes of paint were applied
some say he simply had an interest in Judaism,
to damp 2plaster then, as the surface became drier,
but others think he was angry with the Pope, as
the artist revisited these areas, adding 3shade and
he hadn’t wanted to accept the 5commission to
detail.
decorate the chapel because he considered himself
C The frescoes show nine scenes from the Bible’s a sculptor, not a painter.
Book of Genesis, the most famous of which is the
E For the moment, the art world can’t agree on
Creation of Adam, depicting God stretching out
whether Michelangelo did hide secret messages in
his finger towards Adam’s finger, giving him life.
the Sistine Chapel or if people are simply reading
However, some members of the art world are saying
into things too much. Perhaps more important than
that the 4masterpiece actually represents Adam
what Michelangelo hid in the painting was what he
worshipping his own brain. Scientists agree that the
managed to reveal; that human beings are capable
cloth and figures behind God do form the perfect
of amazing achievements.
cross-section of a brain. Critics of this theory are
unable to deny that the image represents a brain, *Judaism: the Jewish religion
but say that Adam is not worshipping it but is telling **Hebrew: a semitic language spoken by some
people to use their brains to contact God. Jewish people
1 What do the Sistine Chapel frescoes represent? a a mixture of lime, sand and water that is used
to coat walls
2 What may be the significance of the messages b money given to an artist so that he/she will
‘hidden’ in the frescoes? paint a particular piece
c a revival of art, literature and learning in Europe
between the 14th and 17th centuries
from the text to support your answers. d an artist’s finest work
e an area of darkness caused when an object
1 Frescoes are usually painted on wet walls.
blocks light

2 Painting was Michelangelo’s main profession. 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
1 large-scale paintings, painted on walls or ceilings.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the
meaning. 2 thin layers of paint.
3 views depicted in a painting.
1 ‘Michelangelo can’t have been Jewish,’ he said.
4 people who study the history of art.
He said
5 someone who creates models of people or objects.
2 He shouldn’t have agreed to do the painting.
He regretted
Unit TestHumanities
Unfair trade?
A Today’s consumers are spending more than ever these products. By guaranteeing a minimum price,
on ethically produced versions of foods like Fairtrade also encourages market 3oversupply,
coffee and chocolate. These goods are known as which decreases global commodity prices. This
‘Fairtrade’, because they don’t exploit the third- means that farmers become even more dependent
world farmers that produce them, but are they really on selling through these channels and that other
as fair as we all think? farmers who are not involved in the schemes
become even poorer. Fairtrade coffee farms are not
B The Fairtrade Foundation was 1set up in 1992 in
allowed to employ any full-time workers, which
response to the dropping prices developed countries
means that during harvest season, workers must
were willing to pay for basic farm commodities*
be employed on short-term contracts and that they
like coffee. The other problem was that the various
don’t have the stability of long-term jobs.
people involved in the process of getting food from
the farms to our homes, such as processors and E Perhaps the main problem with Fairtrade is that the
retailers, each took a large portion of the 2profit, vast majority of the money from sales remains in
leaving very little for the farmer. the West – only about 5% of the sale price makes
it back to the farmers. Furthermore, many Fairtrade
C Fairtrade works by offering growers a minimum
products are processed in developed countries. For
price for their products and then paying them an
example, 90% of the world’s cocoa is produced in
extra premium, to be invested in social projects
the Third World, but only 4% of the chocolate is
such as education, health and environmental
processed there. This means third-world countries
initiatives. How and where money is invested is
remain locked into producing 4primary sector
decided by a committee elected by co-operative
commodities, while the West profits from the value
members or workers on a plantation. This system
added by conversion.
allows small farmers to protect themselves against
market volatility and gives them better access to F Fairtrade has its pros and cons, and while it’s
global markets. Shoppers who buy Fairtrade food certainly not time to forget about ethical products,
are willing to pay a little more in order to benefit it may be time for the organization to consider
these farmers. better ways of using the goodwill of ethical
shoppers to provide long-term benefits to 5agrarian
D However, not everyone agrees that Fairtrade is a
communities.
good idea. Some economists say these schemes
encourage farmers to produce the same crops that *commodities: unprocessed or partially processed
kept them in poverty before Fairtrade and rely on goods or products
the ‘charity’ of those who are willing to pay for
1 The Fairtrade Foundation … a an excess of something

a is not working well at the moment. b to establish a business
b has been a huge success. c the money that is left after all the expenses of
c is ending poverty in the developing world. a business have been paid
d could improve the way it works. d the section of the economy dedicated to
2 Fairtrade … extracting products from the Earth
a offers farmers low prices for their goods. e farming
b exploits processors and retailers.
c gives farmers a bonus when they produce large
amounts of crops. 1 shoppers.
d gives farmers a fair price for their goods. 2 sellers.
3 Fairtrade farming … 3 a bonus or additional quantity of money.
a provides workers with stable employment.
b does not give workers contracts. 4 instability.
c can decrease the global value of products. 5 written agreements between two people or
d can increase the global value of products. organizations.
The teachings of Socrates

A What has your teacher got in common with D One reason he wanted people to come up with
Socrates? Perhaps more than you think. When we accurate definitions of moral concepts is because
are learning something new, our teachers often he believed people were all basically 3virtuous,
simply give us the information we need to learn. On and that they did bad things due to an ignorance
other occasions, however, they use what is known of what was good rather than evil intentions. He
as the Socratic method, asking us questions about a thought that those who commit evil acts convince
concept and forcing us to use logic to work out the themselves they are doing the ‘right’ thing in order
answer for ourselves. This way of learning helps us to justify their actions. Unlike Aristotle, he did
understand what we have learnt more deeply than not agree with the concept of acrasia, meaning
just telling us the answer and can also be used as a ‘knowing the good and yet doing the evil’. Socrates
tool for solving problems in other areas of our lives. also believed you could only achieve true
happiness, or eudaimonia, in life if you were a good
B Socrates was born in 469 BC in Athens and studied
person, and he saw it as the philosopher’s job to
1
ethics, influenced by the philosopher Anaxagoras.
help us better understand what is right and wrong in
However, instead of spending his time indoors
order to be happier.
studying, he spent his days wandering around
Athens, questioning and arguing with citizens about E Socrates’ questioning techniques often resulted in
their opinions on life. embarrassing important members of the Athenian
aristocracy, and the youth of Athens found this so
C When arguing about philosophical matters he
amusing that they started to question people in the
would employ what we call 2Socratic irony, acting
same manner. By the age of 70, Socrates and his
as if he knew nothing about the subject in order to
followers had offended so many prominent figures
draw more information from his opponent. Using
that he was seen as a 4heretic. He was convicted
the Socratic method of questioning, he would ask
of corrupting the young and of 5atheism, for not
someone known to be an expert to define a term
worshipping the gods of Athens, and was sentenced
such as justice, and would proceed to reveal their
to death by poisoning. Socrates could have probably
definition as inadequate or contradictory. This often
survived if he had renounced his teachings, but he
made the other person look foolish, but would also
chose to stick by his beliefs and pay for them with
lead them to come up with other more suitable
his life.
definitions for ideas such as goodness or piety.
1 What is the Socratic method of questioning? a someone who is thought to be in opposition

to what most people believe
2 Why was Socrates killed? b an area of philosophy related to deciding what
is right or wrong
c morally good and right
from the text to support your answers. d pretending to be ignorant in a discussion
e the belief that God does not exist
1 Socrates had a very practical approach to
philosophy. 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
1 reasoning.
2 Socrates believed that bad people could not be 2 the people living in a city or country.
changed. 3 respect for God and religious traditions.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the 4 referring to the principles of right and wrong.
meaning.
5 nobility.
1 His advice was to try to be as virtuous as possible.
He
2 It’s not normal for me to have to do so much work.
I am not
Unit TestARTS
(plus) ?
Reaching for the stars

A From the pyramids at Giza to the Empire State resistant. Furthermore, the Y-shape allows for a
Building, architects have always been obsessed with large surface area, ensuring that the apartments and
creating high structures. Until recently the highest businesses within the Burj have a maximum number
skyscraper in the world was Taiwan’s Tapei 101 of windows and enjoy great views.
building at 509 metres, but in January 2010 this
D Great care has been taken to ensure that the tower
was superseded by the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, an
is safe. In light of the terrorist attacks on the World
828-metre, 160-storey tower.
Trade Centre in 2001, architects were concerned
B The Burj, meaning ‘tower’ in Arabic, houses luxury about making evacuation from the Burj Khalifa as
apartments, an Armani hotel, swimming pools, secure as possible. For this reason, the fire escapes
offices and even a mosque on the 158th floor. It are enclosed by concrete instead of partition walls,
has a tapered cross-section, ending in a steel 1spire. and are virtually fire-proof. The building also
The exterior is covered in glass, stainless steel and contains three ‘refuge’ areas. With such a high
aluminium but despite this modern appearance, structure, wind damage is always an issue, but the
the Burj Khalifa is in fact inspired by the repeating extensive wind-tunnel testing and 5facade pressure
patterns found in traditional Islamic design. tests that were carried out should reduce that risk.
C The building is not only spectacular to look at but E Burj Khalifa is without doubt a great architectural
also has a structure that is quite unique. Traditional achievement, but some say it was irresponsible to
skyscrapers are built based on a design known as a spend over one billion euros on a luxury building
‘framed tube’, which consists of a strong 2perimeter in these times of global economic crisis. In fact,
frame with a hollow centre. In contrast, the Burj although most of its apartments were bought
has a Y-shaped floor plan, comprising a 3reinforced immediately, most remain empty as the owners
hexagonal concrete* core which contains the can’t find people to rent them. In spite of the critics,
lifts, surrounded by three wings which house the architects will never be able to resist the temptation
accommodation and offices. Its bottom-heavy to build higher and we can be sure it’s only a matter
footprint, deep 4foundations and the fact that the of time before somewhere else in the world an even
strongest part of the building is concentrated at the higher skyscraper is constructed.
centre, provide a stable structure which minimizes
*concrete: a strong building material made of cement,
wind damage and makes the tower extremely
sand and other materials
1 The tallest building in the world is … a the base of a building which is constructed
a in Taiwan. underground
b around 600 metres tall. b a tall point found at the top of a building
c no longer in Taiwan. c edge
d no longer in Dubai. d the front or outer face of a building
2 The Burj Khalifa … e made extra strong
a looks old-fashioned but has a modern structure.
b mixes modern and traditional concepts.
c is made of traditional Arabic building materials. 1 level in a building.
d is a place of worship. 2 the view of a building seen if we imagine cutting
3 The structure of the Burj Khalifa is … through its vertical axis.
a stronger at its edges than the centre. 3 the map of a building.
b stronger at its centre than the edges. 4 relatively thin walls used for the interior of buildings.
c not as stable as a framed-tube structure.
d based on a tube with a strong frame. 5 technology used for testing the effect of the wind
4 Wind … on a building.
a cannot damage the Burj Khalifa.
b will definitely affect the Burj Khalifa.
c damage is caused by tunnels of wind.
d can be damaging to skyscrapers.
ARTS
Are you sitting comfortably? Ergonomics in the classroom

A Students spend most days sitting in low, rigid chairs Simon Dennehy, has designed and patented a new
and some designers are concerned that this is line of school furniture based on these principles.
causing them back problems, as well as headaches,
D The Perch chair is higher than normal and the seat
concentration difficulties and digestion issues.
is covered in slots which allow for ventilation and
However, exciting new school furniture designs based
reduce the surface pressure on the legs. It has no
on the principles of ergonomics could change all that.
front legs, which gives students complete freedom
B Ergonomics is the science of designing and of leg movement and it incorporates a footrest.
arranging the objects we use so that people can The front of the chair seat has flexible wings that
interact efficiently and safely with them and perform reduce pressure under the knees but also provide
to their best ability. Examples of ergonomic design some resistance, which encourages the students to
can be seen in everything from 1adjustable office move their legs playfully, improving circulation and
chairs to water bottles with 2ridged sides for better increasing muscle use.
grip. In fact, anything that makes everyday objects
E The Perch desk slopes down towards the student so
easier and safer to use can be termed ergonomics.
that they don’t slouch* forwards and incorporates
When a designer wants to create a piece of
an optional elbow rest. Its surface is 4rubberized to
ergonomic furniture, one of the first things they will
prevent books from slipping and is warm and soft
look at is anthropometrics, or the measurement
to the touch and easily cleaned. It includes storage
of human dimensions. Following this, a concept
for stationery and a special bookstand for when
is designed, usually digitally, and a prototype is
students are copying from text books. The chairs
made. This prototype is subject to testing and, if it
and desks are lightweight and 5stackable so that
succeeds, a working model is produced which may
they can be easily moved and stored to allow for
be 3piloted in real-life situations.
standing activities and theatre in class.
C Ergonomists believe that, for school chairs and
F Due to the cost of this type of furniture, it’s unlikely
desks to be comfortable, they must allow students to
that many schools will buy the Perch system, but
adopt several different but equally healthy postures
hopefully it will inspire them to consider the role
and to work in a higher position, which reduces
comfort may have on academic performance.
pressure under their legs. Research shows that this
type of furniture actually helps students be more *slouch: to sit with your back and shoulders bent
productive and concentrate better. Irish designer, forwards
1 What is the problem with traditional school furniture? a referring to objects that can be piled on top of
one another uniformly
2 How does the Perch system differ from ordinary b a surface that is corrugated or has grooves
school furniture? c something that can be modified for the comfort
of the user
d tested out in the real world
from the text to support your answers. e covered in a soft, flexible material
1 Well-designed school chairs stop students from 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
moving too much. 1 stiff, unbending.
2 protected by law from being copied.
2 The Perch system hasn’t been bought by many 3 long, narrow holes.
schools yet. 4 part of a piece of furniture where you can put
your feet.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the 5 inclines, at an angle.
meaning.
1 I’m sure it’s not healthy to sit down all day.

It can’t
2 ‘How long have you been here?’ he asked us.
He wanted
Unit TestARTS
(plus) ?
Breakdancing against all odds

A One of the most popular dance forms today is capoeira, which combines fast-tempo fighting with
breakdancing, known as ‘B-boying’ to those who 3
groundwork. The dance became recognizable in
practise it. To perform the strenuous steps, 1spins its current form in the 1970s, when youngsters in
and kicks required to breakdance you need to be the Bronx, New York, began to copy and adapt the
fit, agile and have great 2coordination, and 25-year- moves of the singer, James Brown. Street-corner
old Canadian breakdancer, Luca Patuelli, has all DJs would take the 4rhythmic musical interludes,
of these qualities. However, there is one thing that or breaks, in dance songs and repeat them, which
differentiates him from his fellow dancers; he suffers provided a rhythmic base for them to improvise
from a rare bone disorder known as arthrogryposis, with. In the meantime ‘breakdancers’ would take
which affects his legs and means he needs crutches* turns to compete against each other to prove who
to walk. could create the most complex and innovative
dances. As time went on, the dance became far
B Luca, who has undergone 16 operations on his
more acrobatic and incorporated 5backflips, head
legs and spine, started breakdancing when he was
spins and other more complex moves. These
15 and his knee problems forced him to give up
breakdancing ‘battles’ became a way for rival gangs
skateboarding. Being naturally active and with great
to compete, but without the use of violence.
coordination and upper body strength, he found
he was a natural. Instead of his crutches becoming D The future looks bright for breakdancing. It is
a problem when dancing, with hard work and more popular than ever and can now be seen on
dedication he actually developed his own unique streets all around the world. As for Luca Patuelli,
style and moves which incorporated them. Since he studied marketing at university and has become
then he has gone on to perform around the world an inspirational speaker, encouraging children
and win breakdancing competitions both in Canada to follow their dreams even when others say it is
and abroad and has even starred in the American impossible. However, he hasn’t forgotten his love
reality-TV show, America’s Got Talent. for breakdancing and has formed a dance troupe,
or B-boy crew, with other physically challenged
C Breakdancing probably originated in Brazil around
dancers.
500 years ago, though it would have been quite
different from the modern version. Some say *crutches: metal or wooden sticks used to help you
it has its roots in the African slave martial art, walk when you have leg injuries
1 Why did Luca Patuelli start breakdancing? a movements that involve rotating quickly
b dance movements that are done with the body
2 What are the origins of breakdancing? on the floor
c having a repeated beat
d movements that involve standing on your
from the text to support your answers. hands and turning the body over 360 degrees
e the ability to move the body in a harmonious,
1 Breakdancing can be a substitute for fighting.
graceful way

2 Luca Patuelli no longer breakdances. 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
1 physically challenging.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the 2 rapid, forceful movements of the foot.
meaning. 3 to act, sing or dance in front of an audience.
1 Every year, more people start breakdancing.

4 speed.
More and
5 a group of dancers.
2 You should wear protective knee-pads if you
breakdance.
It
ARTS
Welcome to the Chevolution

A One of the most reproduced images in the world is Italy, following Che’s execution in 1967, Feltrinelli
the famous black and white photo of Argentinian published Che’s Bolivian Diary with Korda’s photo
revolutionary, Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara, looking on the cover. It sold one million copies and Che’s
into the distance. The iconic photograph has been image became famous worldwide.
printed onto posters and souvenirs, silk-screened
D The posters we often see of Che today aren’t black
onto T-shirts and even tattooed onto arms. So what
and white, but are two-tone black and red prints
is the story behind this famous picture?
with a gold star on Che’s beret. This image was
B The photo of 31-year-old Che was taken by Cuban created in 1967 by Irish artist, Jim Fitzpatrick,
photographer, Alberto Korda, in 1960 at a memorial using Korda’s photo, and he distributed it for free to
service for victims of an accidental explosion of political groups around the world. Since then there
ammunition in Havana Bay. As Guevara listened have been numerous adaptations of Korda’s photo,
to Fidel Castro’s speech, Korda, who was standing including an Andy Warhol version which turned out
about eight metres away, saw him in the crowd to be a 4forgery.
and 1snapped two frames before he disappeared
E Korda has never been paid for his photo of Guevara,
from sight. These original photos also contained
or received any royalties from the sale of Feltrinelli’s
the silhouette of an unknown person and a tree,
book, though he said he forgave him, as sales
but these were later 2cropped out. Korda then
of the book helped make people aware of the
3
developed them and hung one on the wall of his
revolutionary. Korda is harder to exploit these days;
studio, where it remained unknown to the world
in 2000 he sued* an advertising agency that had
for seven years.
used Che’s image in an advertisement for vodka
C It was only when the photograph was acquired by without permission. They claimed they didn’t need
wealthy left-wing Italian publisher and political permission, as the image was no longer under
activist, Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, in 1967, that it 5
copyright but Korda won in court. Despite this, he
was seen more widely by the public. At this point didn’t keep the 50,000 dollars he was awarded; he
Guevara was in danger of being captured by the donated it to the Cuban healthcare system, which is
Bolivian army and Feltrinelli had aquired rights something he is sure Che himself would have done.
to publish his personal diaries to raise awareness
*sued: took a company or person to court to try to get
of his cause. Korda gave two prints of the photo
money from them to compensate for something
to Feltrinelli and didn’t ask for money, as he saw
illegal they have done to you
him as a friend of the Cuban revolution. Back in
1 How did the photo of Che Guevara become so a took a quick photo
famous? b an illegal copy
c cut an image to remove unwanted material
2 How has Alberto Korda honoured Che Guevara’s d treated a film with chemicals to reveal an image
memory? e the legal right to have control over the use of
an image or piece of writing
2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words 5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …
1 created an image by stretching a cloth over a
1 Feltrinelli paid a lot for the photo. wooden frame and painting on it.
2 legal permission to do or use something.
2 Che’s image is now used to advertise vodka.
3 copies of a photo.
3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the 4 having two colours.
meaning. 5 the money paid to an artist, musician or writer for
using their materials.
1 I regret not charging him for the photo.
If only
2 I’m certain the camera was broken.
The camera
Unit TestARTS
(plus) ?
Secrets of the Mona Lisa

A One of the most valuable and intriguing portraits which helped give a sense of unity to the elements
in the world is Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, but in the painting.
what is the true story behind the woman in the
D One of the strangest things about the Mona Lisa is
painting and her secret smile?
that she doesn’t have eyelashes or eyebrows. It was
B The Mona Lisa, also known as ‘La Giaconda’, was thought that this may have been a typical fashion of
painted in the 16th century in 1oil on board. One of the time, but in 2007, a high-definition camera was
the biggest mysteries has always been her identity, used to get a close-up of the image. This revealed
with some saying that she may have been a self- a single brushstroke of a hair above the left brow,
portrait of Da Vinci or even a depiction of Mary which proves that Da Vinci did originally paint
Magdalene. However, in 2005, papers were found eyebrows and eyelashes. The other hairs may have
proving that she was, in fact, Lisa del Giacondo, the *faded or been accidentally removed when the
wife of a wealthy Italian businessman. painting was cleaned with 4spirit in the past.
C The Mona Lisa is a great example of a technique E Perhaps the most intriguing question about the
invented by Da Vinci known as ‘sfumato’. Sfumato Mona Lisa is why her smile fascinates so many
is a style that involves blending the edges of objects people. Recently, experts have said this may be
within a painting and doesn’t use any strong colour due to the exact position of her facial muscles
contrasts. This results in an image that looks almost which allows our mind to unconsciously extend
smoky. The effect is achieved by painting using or reduce her smile. As such, visitors to the Louvre
a translucent dark colour and then, while wet, 5
gallery project their own feelings onto the painting
painting directly into this dark surface with an and think ‘La Giaconda’ is smiling more, or less,
2
opaque lighter colour. Some of the dark colour depending on their mood.
will now darken the light colour and vice versa.
F Only time will tell if the Mona Lisa has finally
The painter continues to layer colours in semi-
revealed all of her secrets. One thing is certain
transparent 3glazes which create the illusion of
though, she will continue to fascinate us for
depth. In the Mona Lisa, Da Vinci used a mixture
generations to come.
of dull browns, greens and blues of a similar tone
*faded: when a colour has lightened
1 The biggest question about the Mona Lisa is … a a place where you can see art exhibitions
a why her smile is so intriguing. b a type of paint that isn’t water-based
b her identity. c the opposite of transparent
c her lack of facial hair. d thin layers of transparent colour
d the paint technique used. e a type of alcohol used for removing paint
2 Sfumato is a technique that …
a was popular before Leonardo Da Vinci.
b uses only solid colours. 1 paintings of a person.
c uses striking contrasts. 2 a wooden surface used for painting.
d doesn’t have any strong edges. 3 mixing wet paint to blur the lines between different
3 The Mona Lisa … parts of a painting.
a had eyebrows that may have been cleaned off. 4 semi-transparent.
b had eyebrows but Leonardo painted over them. 5 a line painted with a brush.
c didn’t have eyebrows as that was a trend at
the time.
d never had eyebrows.
4 The Mona Lisa’s smile …
a actually changes depending on the angle you
view it from.
b is different every day.
c may appear to be less obvious if you feel sad.
d has changed over the years.
ARTS
What’s the score with music in the movies?

A The music in the Star Wars films is almost as film, Jaws, that his big break came along. He won
famous as the storylines and characters. However, an Academy Award for his work and since then
while we all know the director and actors in these the two-note 4motif has become synonymous with
movies, few of us have heard of John Williams, the sharks and approaching danger.
composer of the Star Wars theme 1tune.
D Spielberg went on to recommend Williams to his
B John Williams is one of a handful of respected artists friend, George Lucas, who needed a composer
who create the music for some of our favourite for his film, Star Wars. It was then that Williams
films. Creating the music for films is complex produced his most famous piece; a symphonic score
work and it is usually done after the film, or at which used ‘leitmotif’; a style of music associated
least part of it, has been shot. The composer is with Wagner’s Ring series. Leitmotif uses different
shown the partially-finished film and talks to the themes for important characters, events or ideas in
director about what sort of music is needed. Most a story, which may be played in different variations
film composers prefer to write music using an depending on the situation they represent. In the
electronic rather than a traditional paper 2score, case of Star Wars, Williams created special themes
as this allows them to create 3demos which they for characters like Darth Vader and Luke Skywalker,
can send to the filmmaker for review prior to the which added to the drama and emotion of the story.
final recording. In some cases, the film is then re- Both the film and its music were hugely successful,
edited to better fit the music. When the music has and Williams won another Oscar.
been composed, the orchestra performs it in front
E Williams’ success didn’t end with Star Wars;
of a large screen depicting the film, often with the
he went on to make music for numerous films,
composer conducting and helping the musicians to
including Superman, Jurassic Park and Schindler’s
synchronize the music with the film.
List, and in 2010 he worked on music for a Tintin
C John Williams was born in New York in 1932 and, film with Steven Spielberg. At 78 years old, his
after studying music, he worked as an orchestrator career seems to be far from over, so the next time
for film studios. By the early 70s, he was working you go to the cinema, keep an ear out for a John
as a film-score writer, but it was in 1975 when he Williams 5soundtrack!
produced the music for Steven Spielberg’s shark
1 The music for films … a the musical theme for a film

a is created before the film. b a written or printed piece of music
b is not seen by the director until it is finished. c a recurring theme or note in a piece of music
c is always created digitally nowadays. d samples
d may need adapting to fit the scenes of the film. e a melody
2 John Williams …
a found major success in the early 70s.
b has won one Oscar. 1 someone who writes music.
c had his own orchestra before working in films. 2 when a music, film or piece of writing is adapted
d has always worked in the film industry. and content is cut.
3 The Star Wars music … 3 directing an orchestra or chorus.
a was inspired by Wagner. 4 someone who arranges music for an orchestra.
b was originally written by Wagner.
c is uniform throughout. 5 describing long pieces of music that are
d is more famous than the film. instrumental and have a harmonic sound.
4 John Williams …
a is nearing retirement.
b is still making music.
c will compose the music for the Tintin film in
five years.
d no longer collaborates with Steven Spielberg.
Unit TestAnswer
(plus) key ?
Weird weather (page 85) Organ transplants from Life on Venus (page 89)
1 1 d 2 b 3 b 4 c animals? (page 87) 1 (Possible answers)
2 a 1 b 4 c 5 d 3 e 2 1 (Possible answers) 1 It is thought that Venus may
1 There are not enough organs have had continents and a
3 1 meteorologists plate tectonics system and that
available and even if a donor is
2 thunderstorms these continents might have
found, the organ may be rejected.
3 ozone layer been surrounded by seas. The
2 Breeding animals for transplants
4 stratosphere could be considered unethical possibility that there was once
5 ions by animal-rights groups. There water on Venus also means there
might also be a problem with is a small chance there were once
Now you see it, now you clotting and transmission of simple life forms on Venus.
2 Geologists think that granite is
don’t (page 86) animal viruses. Lastly, organs
produced when oceanic crust
may not last long enough,
1 (Possible answers) as animals age quicker than is subducted under continental
1 The cloak refracts light, instead of humans. crust, where it melts due to heat
reflecting it, so that you don’t see and pressure and mixes with
the object you want to hide, but 2 1 False. ‘Rejection usually begins water and debris. It then cools
whatever is behind it. to occur within a week of and recrystallizes as granite.
transplantation.’
2 It doesn’t leave a shadow so it 2 1 False. ‘Until recently we have
might be clear that we are trying 2 False. ‘These “master cells” have
the potential to turn into all types never been able to get a close
to hide something. It can’t be view of Venus …’
used to create clothes or other of body tissue, including organs.’
2 True. ‘… scientists think it is
flexible objects and it only works 3 1 The experiments (that/which) we worth searching for microbial
when it is kept still. have been doing with stem cells life which may still be living in
2 1 False. ‘Objects are visible to us have been successful. Venus’s lower atmosphere.’
because they reflect light …’ 2 Provided we can solve the
problem with rejection, 3 1 He wishes he had studied for the
2 False. ‘Materials found in nature geology exam.
have a positive refractive xenotransplantation should be
possible. 2 Even though I asked Mark to help
index …’ me, he wouldn’t.
3 False. ‘… light that human eyes 4 a 5 b 2 c 1 d 4 e 3
can’t see, such as microwaves, 4 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 1 e 5
5 1 transplant
which have longer wavelengths.’
2 donor 5 1 orbit
3 1 The researcher admitted he/she 3 necrosis 2 crust
had made a mistake. 4 immunosuppressants 3 granite
2 Neither scientist/of the scientists 5 clone 4 subducted
was surprised when the invention 5 plateau
failed.
Synthetic diamonds
4 a 2 b 1 c 4 d 3 e 5 Black holes (page 90)
(page 88)
5 1 cutting-edge 1 1 a 2 b 3 d
1 1 c 2 a 3 c
2 microwave 2 a 3 b 2 c 4 d 5 e 1
2 a 5 b 1 c 3 d 2 e 4
3 circuit 3 1 black hole
4 nanoparticles 3 1 synthetic
2 particle accelerator
5 shadow 2 covalent bonds
3 subatomic
3 graphite
4 Big Bang
4 vapour
5 gravity
5 crystalline
Answer key
Tank Man – the anonymous The end of cities? (page 93) The teachings of Socrates
hero (page 91) 1 1 c 2 d 3 c (page 96)
1 1 b 2 b 3 d 4 a 2 a 1 b 3 c 4 d 5 e 2 1 (Possible answers)
2 a 3 b 4 c 5 d 2 e 1 3 1 industrialized 1 The Socratic method of
questioning forces people to use
3 1 army 2 demographers
their logic to come up with their
2 communist 3 tower blocks own answers.
3 demonstrators 4 outskirts 2 He was considered a heretic and
4 statement 5 heavy industry was convicted for corrupting the
5 executed young and being an atheist.
The Michelangelo code – the 2 1 True. ‘instead of spending his
Who was Shakespeare? Sistine Chapel (page 94) time indoors studying, he spent
That is the question. 1 (Possible answers) his days wandering around
(page 92) 1 The Sistine Chapel frescoes Athens, questioning and arguing
show nine images from the Bible. with citizens about their opinions
1 (Possible answers) on life.’
The most famous scene is the
1 We only know where and 2 False. ‘he believed people were
one where God gives Adam life.
when he was born, his family all basically virtuous, and that
2 The brain in the scene of the
background and that he had they did bad things due to an
Creation of Adam section may
a wife and three children. We ignorance of what was good
mean that Michelangelo thought
also know he was an actor and rather than evil intentions.’
the brain was more important
probably a playwright and owned
shares in several theatres. He
than God. It could also show that 3 1 He advised people to try to be
he thought the best way to make as virtuous as possible. / He told
died in 1616.
contact with God was using people they should try to be as
2 He studied at university and was
our brains. There might also be virtuous as possible.
also well-travelled which means
hidden Jewish symbols in the 2 I am not used to / accustomed to
he had the knowledge to write
frescoes, which could mean that having to do so much work.
about the exotic places where
he had an interest in Judaism.
some of Shakespeare’s plays 4 a 4 b 1 c 3 d 2 e 5
are set. He was also part of high 2 1 True. ‘washes of paint were
applied to damp plaster …’
5 1 logic
society and could have based
2 citizens
some of the plots of the plays on 2 False. ‘he considered himself a
his family troubles. sculptor, not a painter.’ 3 piety
4 moral
2 1 False. ‘there are few parallels 3 1 He said that Michelangelo
5 aristocracy
between Shakespeare’s life and couldn’t have been Jewish.
the fictional characters in the 2 He regretted having agreed to do
plays.’ the painting.
2 True. ‘he was not publicly 4 a 2 b 5 c 1 d 4 e 3
mourned …’
5 1 frescoes
3 1 If I hadn’t been (so) tired I would
2 washes
have come to the play. / I would
have come to the play if I hadn’t 3 scenes
been (so) tired. 4 art historians
2 Hannah would rather go to the 5 sculptor
theatre than the cinema.
4 a 3 b 1 c 4 d 2 e 5
Unfair trade? (page 95)
1 1 d 2 d 3 c
5 1 playwright
2 theatres 2 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 4 e 5
3 mythology 3 1 consumers
4 fictional 2 retailers
5 sonnets 3 premium
4 volatility
5 contracts
Unit TestAnswer
(plus) key ?
Reaching for the stars Breakdancing against all 2 1 False. ‘Korda gave two prints of
(page 97) odds (page 99) the photo to Feltrinelli and didn’t
ask for money …’
1 1 c 2 b 3 b 4 d 1 (Possible answers) 2 False. ‘… in 2000 he sued an
2 a 4 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 3 1 Luca started breakdancing when advertising agency that had used
he could no longer skateboard Che’s image in an advertisement
3 1 storey because of his health problems. for vodka …’
2 cross section He found that, despite his
3 floor plan disability, he was very good at 3 1 If only I had charged him for the
breakdancing because he was photo.
4 partition walls
well-coordinated and strong. 2 The camera must have been
5 wind tunnel
2 It is thought that breakdancing broken.
Are you sitting comfortably? is an adaptation of the ancient 4 a 1 b 4 c 2 d 3 e 5
Brazilian martial art, capoeira.
Ergonomics in the In more recent years, it came to
5 1 silk-screened
classroom (page 98) the United States, where it was
2 rights
adopted and modified by young 3 prints
1 (Possible answers)
people in poor neighbourhoods. 4 two-tone
1 It tends to be very rigid and low.
5 royalties
2 The Perch system has seats 2 1 True. ‘These breakdancing
which are higher than normal “battles” became a way for rival
school chairs and desks which gangs to compete, but without Secrets of the Mona Lisa
are at an angle. The design of the use of violence.’ (page 101)
the chair keeps students cooler, 2 False. ‘However, he hasn’t 1 1 a 2 d 3 a 4 c
lets them move their legs more forgotten his love for
frequently and reduces the breakdancing and has formed a 2 a 5 b 1 c 2 d 3 e 4
pressure on their legs. It has dance troupe …’ 3 1 portraits
many extra features, such as a 2 board
3 1 More and more people start
footrest, which allow students 3 blending
breakdancing every year.
to sit in different positions
2 It is advised that you wear 4 translucent
throughout the day.
protective knee-pads if you 5 brushstroke
2 1 False. ‘Ergonomists believe that, breakdance.
for school chairs and desks What’s the score with music
to be comfortable, they must 4 a 1 b 3 c 4 d 5 e 2
allow students to adopt several 5 1 strenuous in the movies? (page 102)
different but equally healthy 2 kicks 1 1 d 2 d 3 a 4 b
postures …’ 3 perform 2 a 5 b 2 c 4 d 3 e 1
2 True. ‘Due to the cost of this 4 tempo
type of furniture, it’s unlikely that 3 1 composer
5 troupe
many schools will buy the Perch 2 re-edited
system …’ 3 conducting
Welcome to the Chevolution 4 orchestrator
3 1 It can’t be healthy to sit down all
day.
(page 100) 5 symphonic
2 He wanted to know how long 1 (Possible answers)
we’d been there. 1 The photo became famous when
the image was used on the cover
4 a 5 b 2 c 1 d 3 e 4
of Che Guevara’s diary, which
5 1 rigid was published in 1967.
2 patented 2 Alberto Korda has honoured
3 slots Che Guevara’s philosophy and
4 footrest politics by not charging for use
5 slopes of the photo and by donating the
money he won when he sued
the advertisers to the Cuban
healthcare system, instead of
keeping it for himself.
106
Unit test (standard) – grammar and vocabulary 1
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form
the verbs in brackets. of the verbs in the box. Use the past perfect
continuous if possible.
1 William (not fill) in the application
form yet. bake paint
sit clear
stand
2 Last Tuesday, Fiona and Ben (see) a
great film at the cinema. 1 He was covered in paint. He the living
3 I (not know) Emma for very long but room all that morning.
we’re great friends now. 2 I was cold because I outside for ages.
4 What you (watch) on TV 3 Harry away all the plates before going
yesterday evening? out. The kitchen was completely tidy.
5 How long she (own) 4 Joe was tired after he three cakes for
that car? I can’t believe she still has it. his sister’s party.
5 How long there when Kate and Don
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
finally arrived? You must have been freezing!
2 Circle the correct alternatives. 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
1 We’ve heard this song for a long time/many times.
2 Have you called Tim yet/just?
3 John’s been online about three hours ago/for 1 large, serious newspapers (noun)
about three hours. 2 person who interviews celebrities on a TV
4 Amanda has already/ever finished her homework. entertainment programme (compound noun)
5 Graham has been driving all morning/yesterday
morning. 3 look at websites on the internet (verb)
4 a historical period when a country was successful
and powerful (compound noun)
3 Write sentences using the prompts. Use the 5 having a one-sided view (adjective)
present perfect continuous if possible.
3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
1 Emily / not open / her Christmas presents / yet.

2 I / just / lose / my wallet. 1 podcast broadsheet tabloid
2 scandal analysis sensationalism
3 How long / you / wait here? 3 documentary chat show channel hop
4 news flash news bulletin newsreader
4 Susan / watch DVDs / all afternoon. 5 editor headline presenter
5 I / have / this watch / since 2008.

6 Miriam / already / wash / all the dishes.
1 Will you remember (buy) some milk,
7 Dan / redecorate his bedroom / since lunchtime. please?
2 I forgot (take out) the rubbish last
night.
3 He stopped (talk) and looked at me.
4 I remember (meet) Andy for the first
time.
5 We didn’t stop (have) lunch until we
had finished the project.

/10
unit test (standard) – reading and writing 1
Name: Score: /100
The rise of the tabloid

A Did you know that the word ‘tabloid’ was first used journalism has been blamed for running negative
in 1901 to describe a newspaper that had been stories on subjects such as immigration and crime
reduced to half the size of a normal ‘broadsheet’? which have encouraged narrow-minded opinions.
Inevitably, news stories were shorter in a tabloid, And people have pointed to the death of Princess
and before long, their content began to include Diana (who died in a car crash while being chased
blatantly sensationalist human-interest stories. We by tabloid journalists) as an example of how media
have been using the term ‘tabloid’ ever since to refer intrusion can destroy people’s lives.
to sensationalist journalism. Ironically, in Britain,
C On the other hand, over the last century the popular
quality broadsheet newspapers such as The Times
press has only been serving us stories that we want
have all reduced in size over the years so that now
to read. It’s true that most people want to read
they are no longer any larger than ‘popular’ papers
exciting stories about sex, crime and disaster, not in-
like The Sun.
depth articles about the true state of the economy.
B For years, many people have been criticizing Tabloids merely reflect our tastes and interests. So,
tabloids for not being objective when telling a story, perhaps it is hypocritical to criticize their content
for reducing important social or political stories to a while enjoying reading their stories. Not only that,
simple and colourful headline, leaving their readers but tabloids claim to speak for ordinary people, they
ill-informed or misled, and for intruding into the make sure that leaders stay honest and accountable,
private lives of celebrities and ordinary people in a and they influence politics by letting politicians
way that is cruel and exploitative. Tabloid know which issues are important to their readers.
1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? 3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …
answers. 1 made smaller.
2 clearly and obviously.
1 The first tabloids were the same size as normal
3 given poor or wrong information.
newspapers.
4 invading someone’s privacy or property.

2 These days, broadsheets are often the same size
5 giving.
as tabloids.
3 One criticism of tabloids is that their reporting is 4 Answer the questions in your own words.
biased.
1 In what ways were tabloids different to broadsheets

in the early twentieth century?
4 Tabloids avoid in-depth articles on economics

because their readers don’t like them.
2 What are the negative ways in which tabloid
journalism can affect its readers?
/16
3 In what ways are tabloids the eyes and voice of the
2 Complete the sentences in your own words.
people?
1 The sort of stories found in a tabloid are
. 4 marks for each correct answer Score /12
2 Tabloids mislead readers by
. 5 Write a composition on ONE of the following
topics. Write between 120–150 words.
3 The main reason why tabloids publish the stories
1 What sort of news stories do you read and why?
they do is because
2 ‘Tabloid journalism is a good thing to have in a
.
modern democracy.’ Discuss.
50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Complete the sentences with the appropriate
the verbs in the box. modal verbs.
have to (x3) should ought to 1 You drink and drive in Spain.

2 Sue isn’t at the station so she have
1 Rachel worry about things so much. left on an earlier train.
It isn’t good for her. 3 John have paid for the tickets. We
2 We send Amy a card on her birthday. have plenty of money to pay for them ourselves.
I know it isn’t necessary but she’ll like it. 4 My advice is that you go home if you
3 I wear a tie every day. It’s a rule. feel ill.
4 David eat meat if he doesn’t want to. 5 I give a statement before the police
5 Tom do his homework or he’ll be in convicted him.
trouble with the teacher. 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in the box.
1 someone the police think may have committed a
should must mustn’t might needn’t crime (noun)
2 a group of 12 people who decide whether someone
1 It isn’t necessary to wear a shirt. is guilty at a trial (noun)
We . 3 a minor crime (noun)
2 Students aren’t permitted to use phones in class. 4 a person accused of a crime at a trial in court
They . (noun)
3 It’s possible that Jill will come to Joe’s party. 5 a person who sees a crime take place (noun)
Jill .
4 I advise you to get a part-time job.
/10
You .
5 Ryan is obliged to take his medicine twice a day. 6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
Ryan . 1 He’s so -headed. He always stays
4 marks for each correct answer Score /20 calm in a crisis!
2 She is very -minded. She knows what
3 Read the sentences and write appropriate
she wants and works hard to achieve her aim.
responses using the prompts in brackets.
3 Tom is -spirited. He works hard to
1 William won the race. (must / run really fast)
help people in his local community.
He . 4 It was a -hitting report. It criticized a
2 Tom regrets shouting at Sue. (shouldn’t / shout at lot of people for their poor performance.
her) 5 Jane is -hearted. She has no feelings
He . for people who have problems.
3 Penelope broke her arm yesterday. (may / fall down 3 marks for each correct answer Score /15
the stairs)
She .
4 Rebecca is the best student in the class. (can’t / do of (x2) for
about to
badly in the exam)
She . 1 I’m not aware any reason why we can’t.
5 Emily and Tim aren’t at home now. (might / go to 2 Philip is angry missing the train.
the cinema) 3 Joe is addicted chocolate!
They . 4 This café isn’t suitable young children.
5 Tim is jealous Jo because she’s fast.
Name: Score: /100
Combating crime against young people

A Although it may not always make headline news, people on simple procedures that may make them
rising crime rates against young children and safer out on the streets. They shouldn’t carry any
teenagers is an area of considerable concern in expensive items unless absolutely necessary, and
much of the country. That’s why local authorities they ought to avoid making calls in the street or in
have started implementing safety initiatives to make public places where it might be easy for a mugger
young people more aware of the need for personal to snatch a phone. Keeping phones and music
safety and better able to defend themselves if they players safely in a bag while on the move may seem
are assaulted or mugged. Many in the media say the obvious, but it’s something many people fail to do.
authorities should have acted much earlier.
C Other initiatives are more controversial. Children
B Police sources have pointed out that young people as young as seven are to be taught self-defence in
need to recognize that they are vulnerable in a way schools to help them to cope with muggings. As the
that wasn’t the case for their parents’ generation. 10–15 age group is most at risk, it may be premature
They have expensive pieces of technology such as to target such young children, and a majority of
mobile phones and MP3 players in their possession, parent groups have expressed concern at this.
so they are easy targets for thieves and muggers. However, in my opinion at least, it seems sensible
That’s why, as part of the safety initiative, police to learn self-defence early. Being able to defend
officers have started visiting schools to advise young yourself can’t be a bad thing.
1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? 3 Read the text and choose the best response.
answers. 1 According to the media, local authorities should
have …
1 The press has recently been highlighting the rise in
a done something about the problem sooner.
crime against teenagers on their front pages.
b noticed that crimes against teenagers were

headline news.
2 The police are targeting muggers inside schools.
c defended themselves against criticism.

d considered different safety measures.
3 It’s a bad idea to phone people while walking along
the street. 2 Young people today are more likely to be mugged
than young people in the past because they …
4 Seven-year-olds are being taught self-defence a don’t look after their belongings properly.
because they are the most likely target for b are less aware of crime in the street.
muggers. c have more things that are worth stealing.
d live in a society where there is more crime.
5 The writer agrees with most parent groups on the 3 Not using your phone while in the streets is …
issue of teaching self-defence to young kids. a something most young people do.
b an impractical thing to do.
c a good way of avoiding a mugging.
/25
d a policy that’s obviously failed.
2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 5 marks for each correct answer Score /15
1 putting into operation.
4 Write a composition on ONE of the following
2 easy and weak targets for attack. topics. Write between 120–150 words.
3 grab and steal.
1 Write about ways that young people can keep
4 manage or deal with.
themselves safe from crime.
5 too early.
2 ‘The media create a fear of crime by constantly
/10 reporting it.’ Discuss.
50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct passive 4 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something
form of the verbs in brackets. done, beginning as shown.
1 In my opinion, a cure for cancer (find) 1 Somebody cut Robert’s hair yesterday.
one day soon. Robert .
2 At the moment, the operation (carry 2 Somebody has already fixed William’s bike.
out) by two top surgeons. William .
3 Nothing (do) yet. 3 Some people have painted Amy’s bathroom.
4 When I switched on the TV, a funny movie Amy .
(show). I decided to start watching it. 4 A doctor is going to check Jo’s eye tomorrow.
5 Most of the music awards (must / Jo .
present) already. 5 Will somebody wash Brian’s car later?
6 We were able to walk round the plane after the Will .
‘fasten seatbelts’ sign (switch) off. 4 marks for each correct answer Score
/20
2 Rewrite the sentences in the correct passive form,
1 say what the disease is (if you’re a doctor) (verb)
beginning as shown. Omit the agent.
1 Scientists have discovered the gene that controls 2 carry out a surgical procedure on a patient (verb)
hair growth.
A new gene . 3 take an organ from one person and put it in another
2 The band released their exciting new greatest hits (verb)
album last weekend. 4 the system in your body that prevents you from
Their new album . getting disease (noun)
3 Wendy is teaching music to the younger students. 5 a very high temperature (noun)
Music .
/10
4 He could have broken his neck on that trampoline.
His neck . 6 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
5 Someone is going to recycle all the newspapers. cold effects dizzy round after
The newspapers .
4 marks for each correct answer Score /20 1 I hit my head and now I feel .
2 This medicine has some side .
3 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways,
beginning as shown. 3 A few hours after the operation, Liam came
and opened his eyes.
1 Today’s newspaper says that global warming is
4 The nurses looked me very well.
getting worse.
5 Jack had a so he went to bed.
a It .
b Global warming .
2 Some say that doctors have improved their 7 Complete the words with -ful, -less or -able.
operating skills in recent years.
1 Some diseases are incur .
a It .
2 It was a very pain operation. It hurt a lot.
b Operating skills .
3 I’d be a hope surgeon. I hate the sight of
3 People say that a great flu epidemic is predicted.
blood.
a It .
4 If you’re learning to do something new, mistakes
b A great flu epidemic .
are unavoid .
4 marks for each correct answer Score /12 5 Take this pill. It’s harm , so it won’t hurt you.

/10
Name: Score: /100
A vaccine for aids

A One of the greatest challenges in modern medical C Naturally, the discovery of these antibodies and
science is to find a cure for AIDS, one of the world’s the development of a vaccine are only a first step.
most deadly diseases. Researchers in California However, most scientists are confident that it is now
believe that cure may have been found. They have only a matter of time and careful testing before we
recently had their research published in a leading start to see people developing an immunity to the
scientific journal, and, although the potential virus. The next step is to find out whether people
breakthrough is being treated with caution at the in the general population who have been given the
moment, it’s causing a lot of excitement across the vaccine can produce these protective antibodies
medical research community. themselves.
B For a number of years, it has been well known that D Unlike previous attempts at vaccines, the new
a small percentage of people are immune to the vaccine can be used to target all types of the HIV
HIV virus that leads to AIDS, and this has raised the virus, not just one of its many different forms. This
likelihood that their antibodies must hold the key to is because the newly-discovered antibodies target a
developing a vaccine. The problem was that no one completely new region of the HIV virus – a region
knew how they managed to stay immune. However, that is known to infect our cells and to be similar
the Californian researchers have finally solved this in most variants of the virus. The HIV virus has
problem. Two antibodies have been isolated, and it defeated science for so long because it has so many
has been proved that these antibodies can be used forms that it’s difficult to attack all of them. At last,
to stop a high percentage of the HIV virus’s many this problem may have been solved.
different forms.
1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? 3 Complete the sentences in your own words.
answers. 1 Finding a cure for AIDS has been
.
1 Californian researchers are certain they have found
the cure for AIDs. 2 The breakthrough the Californian researchers made
was to
2 For quite a while, scientists have understood why .
some people are immune to the HIV virus.
3 Having discovered the antibodies, researchers now
3 Although antibodies have been isolated, the need to
vaccine hasn’t been developed yet. .
4 The reason why it’s been hard to cure the HIV virus
4 The newly-discovered antibodies act on a different is because
part of the HIV virus to those previously tried out. .
/20 4 Write a composition on ONE of the following
2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …
1 When was the last time you were ill? What were
1 carefully.
your symptoms and how did you treat the illness?
2 having resistance to a virus.
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
3 discovered and separated.
using animals in medical research?
4 cause illness in.
5 different forms. 50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
didn’t (x2)
wouldn’t had (x2)
1 Penny (not work) such long hours if
she didn’t need the money. 1 I feel very tired.
2 How much money you I wish I feel so tired.
(give) to charity if you won the lottery? 2 Elliot lives so far away.
3 You (ruin) that dress if you spill coffee If only he live so far away.
on it, so be careful. 3 Kevin didn’t take his medicine this morning.
4 If I (be) you, I’d buy a new bike. If only he taken it.
5 Katy (not go) out if it’s raining later. 4 We don’t have any tickets.
6 If Sandy lost her job, where she I wish we some.
(find) another one? 5 Tina uses my hair brush all the time!
3 marks for each correct answer Score /18 I wish she use it!

2 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
1 I didn’t read the book so I didn’t know what the film 5 Write a word for each definition.
was about. 1 buy (verb)
If I had read the book, . 2 money a company makes and spends (noun)
2 Jo woke up late so she didn’t have time for
breakfast. 3 return (phrasal verb)
If Jo had woken early, . 4 when something makes money (adjective)
3 Tom didn’t study very hard so he failed the exam.
If Tom had studied more, . 5 shops (noun)
4 Daniel didn’t have any money because he lost his
/10
wallet.
Daniel would have had some money . 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in the box.
5 The children were hungry because they didn’t have
anything to eat. borrow
spend save give
use
The children wouldn’t have been so hungry
1 David didn’t want his camera anymore so he
.
it away to one of his friends.
2 I’m all my money for my holidays. I
3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. have 200 euros but I need 500.
3 Jo up all the paper. It’s gone.
unless even if (x2)
as long as provided that
4 I’ve this book from the library.
5 The festival was great but expensive. We
1 The bank would have returned the money
over 200 euros.
you had signed the form correctly.
2 I am really tired. I wouldn’t go out you 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
agreed to take me to a trendy night club. 7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
3 we follow this path, we’ll get back to the words in brackets.
the hostel. It’s definitely the right way.
1 What’s your (prefer)?
4 Amy is lazy. She doesn’t do any work
2 I think (consumer) is a good thing.
you shout at her.
3 The (popular) of this car is surprising.
5 Simon finds the courage to ask Fiona
4 The (attract) of working shorter hours
out, she will still say no.
is clear to everybody.
Name: Score: /100
The future lies with online shopping

A Although the recent economic downturn has had C Consequently, more and more of their profits are
a negative effect on high-street stores all over being used to develop the technology required
the country, online shopping has become more to run and advertise online shopping sites. If they
popular. The reason for this is that consumers are continue to do this, not only will online shopping
now looking for lower prices and these can usually be easier, faster and cheaper but, once the economy
be found on the internet. It’s true to say that if the improves, it will start to look more attractive and
spending power of ordinary consumers hadn’t been exciting than shopping in the high street. Many
so seriously undermined by the weak economy, experts predict an intense period of rivalry between
it’s unlikely that shoppers would have become so retailers as high-street giants like the American
interested in shopping online. However, they are, company Wal-Mart try to take online market share
and it’s a trend that is unlikely to change. away from successful, established players in the
internet market such as Amazon.
B If you ask experts in the retail industry, they all say
the same thing, and that is that online shopping D There is one other factor that will no doubt affect the
will continue to increase its market share. One rise of online shopping, and that is the emergence
reason for this is that shoppers are more interested of a generation of grown-ups who are comfortable
in finding bargains, but another reason is that with and knowledgeable about using the internet to
major retailers no longer want to spend millions on shop. Today’s teenagers are used to doing everything
building new stores when it is so much more cost online, and as they grow up, start families, and start
effective to advertise and sell their products online. earning, they’ll be keener than their parents to shop
online.
answers. 1 made worse.
2 good value prices.
1 The online retail sector has suffered from the
3 very strong.
recession like all other areas of retail.
4 fight between competitors.

5 more enthusiastic.
2 Customers find that prices tend not to be so high
online. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5

3 Experts are divided as to whether online shopping
1 Why are customers shopping online more?
will continue to grow or not.

2 Why will shopping online be more attractive than
/15 high-street shopping in the future?
3 In what way might the online stores we are familiar
1 Customers are more interested in online bargains
with change?
because

.
2 In the future, the number of new shops 5 marks for each correct answer Score /15

3 Today’s teenagers will be more likely to shop online topics. Write between 120–150 words.
in the future because
.
shopping online?
5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 2 How do you shop? What do you buy online and
what do you buy in the high street? Why?
50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 Rewrite the sentences in direct speech. 4 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using
the prompts in brackets.
1 Sarah said she wouldn’t go to my party.
‘ ,’ said Sarah. 1 Bring your bag. (Ian / ask / Emma)
2 John said that I had to wear a suit.
‘ ,’ said John. 2 Why don’t we order a takeaway. (Colin / suggest)
3 Danny asked us where we had found the wallet.
‘ ,’ asked Danny. 3 Do your homework! (My dad / tell / my sister)
4 Sally asked me if I was going to play football later
that afternoon. 3 marks for each correct answer Score /9
‘ ,’ asked Sally.
5 Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of the
5 Frank told me not to lean on the glass.
verbs in brackets.
‘ ,’ said Frank.
1 ‘I’m sorry I lost your dog,’ said Jo. (apologize for)

2 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. 2 ‘You ought to go on a diet,’ Janice told me. (advise)

1 ‘Have you been waiting long?’ Donna asked us.
3 ‘Wear a helmet,’ said Ivan to the tourists. (warn)
Donna asked us .

2 ‘Where did she leave the car?’ asked Grant.
4 ‘I don’t have any money,’ said Philippa. (admit)
Grant asked .

3 ‘I’m going to work harder,’ he told us.
5 ‘I’ll buy you a ticket,’ said Tom. (agree)
He told us .

4 ‘I can’t swim very well,’ said Felicity.
Felicity said . 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
5 ‘Does Sophie know your parents?’ asked Phil.
Phil asked .
1 pay money to borrow something (verb)
2 start out on a journey (verb)
3 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 3 travel by getting lifts from drivers (verb)
4 something you dry with after washing (noun)
1 ‘I was here last night.’
Paul said had been the
5 money you pay to travel on a plane (noun)
night .
2 ‘I hope you will enjoy the party tomorrow.’
6 a written narrative that tells the story of a journey
Anna said hoped would
(noun)
enjoy the party the day.
3 ‘I lost my watch yesterday.’ 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/18
Dan said had lost
7 Complete the sentences with the prefixes in the
watch the day. box.
4 Where did you leave the car this morning?
multi re inter
extra over under
Grant asked where had left the car
morning.
1 Eve is lingual. She speaks five languages.
5 ‘How will your parents get here?’
2 My alarm clock didn’t go off so I slept.
Mark asked how would get
3 We estimated how far it was. It took ages.
.
4 I love this place. We should -visit it one day.
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 5 I don’t believe in -terrestrial life forms.
6 This airport is for continental flights.

Name: Score: /100
How to travel on a shoestring

A International travel may seem like an impossible and stay in, too. So, you may have always wanted
dream to a poor student with little or nothing in to go to the USA, but remember that hotels and
the bank account, but actually you can go places transport cost a lot compared to countries in Central
on surprisingly little, especially if you have a bit of and South America or South-East Asia.
imagination and don’t mind staying in places that
C As a young student, you should also consider taking
aren’t all that cosy.
advantage of discount cards that give you cheaper
B Planning the trip is both vital and fun, and with bus and train tickets, and staying in inexpensive
loads of guidebooks available and hundreds of accommodation aimed at young people like youth
webpages of advice out there, there really is no hostels. Be alert for tourist traps, which are often
excuse for not being well prepared. If money is a expensive. Try to get to places off the beaten track,
concern, the first thing to realize is that the biggest where the experience is more authentic and the
expense of any long-distance trip is going to be the prices are lower. Travel to famous monuments by
airfare. One friend asked me if she should go to public transport rather than on tours, and eat local
Mexico or Guatemala for her holidays. My answer food rather than heading for the nearest McDonald’s.
was simple – they’re both great, so choose the one
D One final tip … My girlfriend asked me what she
with the cheaper flight, and that’s Mexico. You can
should get me as a souvenir the last time she went
fly direct to Mexico City from Europe, and there
on holiday. My advice to her and to you is simple.
are lots of flights, but Guatemala, which is actually
Don’t lighten your wallet and weigh down your
cheaper to stay in once you get there, generally
backpack with pointless ornaments. Instead, send
requires a transfer in the States. The point is, choose
postcards and write a blog so friends and family can
somewhere that’s inexpensive to get to. Not only
follow your adventure.
that, but choose somewhere that’s cheap to travel
1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? 3 Read the text and choose the best answer.
answers. 1 When planning a trip it is not important to …
a have money in your bank account.
1 It costs too much for poor students to travel the
b be prepared to stay in basic accommodation.
world.
c have some imagination.

d take time to plan where to go.
2 Preparing for a trip needn’t involve reading
2 The writer advises not visiting the USA because …
guidebooks and webpages.
a it’s hard to get a visa.

b it’s expensive to travel in.
3 Mexico is cheaper to get to than Guatemala.
c it isn’t easy to plan a trip there.

d flights cost a lot to get there.
4 Fast food often costs more than food in local
restaurants. 3 Young travellers can involve friends and family by …
a encouraging them to help in the planning.

b buying them really nice souvenirs.
5 Buy souvenirs that don’t weigh too much.
c keeping a blog describing the journey.

d asking them to send postcards.
/25
1 warm and comfortable. topics. Write between 120–150 words.
2 lots.
1 Imagine you’re going on a trip abroad. Where would
3 cost.
you go and how would you plan the trip?
4 a place that few people go to.
2 ‘All young people should take time out to travel
5 a piece of advice.
before going to university.’ Discuss.
/10
50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 4 Rewrite the sentences to make them formal.
1 Simon is a student studies the same 1 Art is a subject he knows a lot about.
subjects as I do.
2 We visited the old farmhouse my 2 Who were you talking to?
uncle was born.
3 Terence bought a bracelet cost over a 3 That’s the book I was telling you about.
thousand euros.
4 Do you know the girl bike was stolen 4 Peter Grove is the manager I used to work for.
yesterday?
5 That was the moment everybody 5 Kelly is someone I have a low opinion of.
started cheering.
3 marks for each correct answer Score /15 5 marks for each correct answer Score
/25
2 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. 5 Write a word for each definition.
1 Grant lives in a house in the country. It doesn’t have 1 friendly and extrovert (compound adjective)
any running water.
2 not telling the truth (noun)
2 I’ll always remember the summer’s day. I first met 3 an individual characteristic (noun)
Marta then. 4 a series of jobs in your life (noun)
5 a lack of interest in anything (noun)
3 Joanne works in a dental surgery. They carry out a 2 marks for each correct answer Score
/10
lot of new techniques there.

1 Joy shows a lot of . She’s good at
4 I know a baker. His bread tastes absolutely
making decisions and doing things on her own.
fantastic.
2 Paul has a lot of . He is honest,
reliable and can be trusted to do things right.
5 Dan is an interpreter. He works for the United 3 Nobody wanted to volunteer. They all showed a
Nations in New York. certain to take on the job.
4 I don’t like . It’s important to tell the
4 marks for each correct answer Score /20 truth.
5 Dan showed real of character by
3 Read the sentences and decide if the relative
standing up to the bullies even though they were
clauses are defining (D) or non-defining (ND). Write
commas where necessary. bigger than him.
1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met while I was on 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
holiday. 7 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
2 My grandmother is only 50 years old which is still
earn
go with the flow
save up
put up deal with
quite young really.
3 I had never met anyone who talked so much
1 I’ll this customer.
before.
2 Relax and . You can’t change things.
4 We travelled on a steam train which was fun.
3 I don’t see why I should with Jack’s
rude and critical remarks.
5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton dress which her
4 I’m trying to to buy a new bike.
mother had made.
5 How much do you each month in
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 your job?
Name: Score: /100
The teenage entrepreneur

A Seventeen-year-old Mark Bright is a typical teenager C After his friend and business partner moved to
who enjoys computer games and surfing the net. But Australia with his family, Mark decided to go it
there’s a lot more to Mark than that. He is, in fact, alone. He set up a number of cashback websites in
a successful businessman who is currently running the UK, Germany and Sweden, which make money
an international company which employs six people by charging high-street retailers to advertise products
and has a monthly turnover of 60,000 euros. on their webpages. Customers who sign up and buy
products through the websites are offered discounts
B Mark has been a bit of a whizz at business ever
and special offers. The retailers get new customers,
since he and a friend made a profit from buying
the customers get bargains, and Mark makes a profit.
and selling sweets to other pupils when they were
at school. ‘We used to buy sweets from the local D After paying his outgoings, Mark pays himself a
shop, then sell them at a slightly higher price in the salary of a thousand pounds a month, which is
playground,’ says Mark. ‘We were only 12 at the about 1100 euros. It isn’t much, considering he’s
time. Our pockets would be full of coins by the end one of the wealthiest teenagers in Britain, but he
of lunchtime.’ That led the boys to consider other lives simply and prefers to put his profits back into
entrepreneurial schemes, including inventing their the business. He lives with his girlfriend and her
own type of sweets and starting their own bicycle mother, in a small house. He doesn’t own a car and
repair service. However, nothing came of any of is not interested in learning to drive or bothered
these ideas until Mark and his friend developed the about spending money on the typical teenage
computer skills needed to start their own website, obsessions of clothes or going out. Perhaps the
which offered advice to school kids on subjects secret to being a success in business is to be single-
such as how to make friends or what to do about minded and obsessed with making the enterprise
bullying. work. That certainly seems to be true of Mark.
answers. 1 Mark’s hobbies include .
2 Mark made money from selling sweets by
1 Mark’s first business enterprise, at the age of 12,
.
wasn’t very successful.
3 Customers sign up to Mark’s cashback websites

because .
2 For a time, Mark ran a bicycle repair service.
4 Mark spends most of the money he makes on

.
3 Mark’s cashback company makes money by
charging customers to sign up. 4 marks for each correct answer Score /16

4 Mark lives the lifestyle of a very wealthy man.
1 What information tells you that Mark is good with
computers?
/16
2 How exactly does a cashback website work?
1 money a company makes and spends. 4 marks for each correct answer Score /8
2 extremely good at. 5 Write a composition on ONE of the following

3 business-minded.
4 work by himself. 1 What qualities are important in a successful
5 concerned about. entrepreneur?
buying things online?
50 marks Score /50
End-of-term test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 3 Write sentences using the prompts. Use
the verbs in brackets. continuous forms if possible.
1 Roland (not set) his alarm clock last 1 Susie / stay / in the guesthouse / since Monday.
night.
2 We decided to take out Ghost on DVD last night 2 Joanna / not buy / that new coat / yet.
because Sue (not see) it before.
3 Jane (lose) her key so she can’t get in 3 They / not play football / all afternoon.
her apartment.
4 Louisa (not swim) in the new 4 Matt / just / get home from work.
swimming pool yet.
5 The match (not last) very long. Nadal 5 We / not know / Samantha / very long.
won easily.
6 My father (have) his watch since 2 marks for each correct answer Score
/10
1966. It’s very precious to him.
7 When (they / buy) the boat? 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
8 Jenny was upset because earlier she
(forget) to send her grandfather a birthday card. 1 You (should / put) so much sugar in
9 How long (you / know) Peter? You your tea. It’s up to you but I think it’s a bad idea.
seem to be good friends these days. 2 Who’s ringing at this time? It (can /
10
I (make) sandwiches earlier because I be) Dave. He hasn’t got a phone.
knew we would get hungry. 3 Amy is a nurse, so she (have to /
wear) a uniform when she’s working.
1 mark for each correct answer Score /10
4 Rebecca (have to / go) to ballet
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of classes if she doesn’t want to.
5 Tim (might / win) if he enters. He has
1 Last summer, I (met) Raymond in as good a chance as anybody else!
Barcelona. 6 Tony (need / call) Rosie but he can if
2 Fiona didn’t come to the cinema because she he wants to.
(miss) the last bus. 7 We (have to / put) the ice cream in
3 Dan (paint) the bedrooms all day. He the fridge. It’ll be a disaster if it melts.
was tired but the job was not finished yet. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /7
4 Sally (write) emails to any of her
friends yet, and it’s already three o’clock. 5 Complete the text with the words in the box.
5 How many times (break) your leg? could has to can’t needn’t should
6 Andy (stay) at the campsite since
Tuesday. He leaves tomorrow.
Next week is sports day. Everybody
7 Rebecca (lost) her camera. That’s
(1) compete – it’s a school rule! I
why she’s so upset.
know that I (2) do some training but
8 I (know) anything about the Vikings
I’m too lazy. Don Wilson (3) lose in
when I was a small child.
the 100 metres because he’s the best runner in
1 mark for each correct answer Score /8 the school. In fact he (4) break the
school record if he’s in good form. He’s so good
that the rest of us (5) compete – he’s
unbeatable!

end-of-term test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary
6 Rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs in 9 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
the box.
in of for down about
have to
should must
can’t mustn’t
might needn’t 1 I often tune to the current affairs
programme on Saturday morning.
1 It isn’t necessary to get up very early.
2 Are you ready the start of a new
They .
term?
2 It’s likely that Paul has gone to bed by now.
3 Alan is capable winning the
Paul .
competition if he practises.
3 Stuart is obliged to work on Sunday mornings.
4 I’m going to watch the film because I’m curious
Stuart .
how they will film the battle scenes.
4 It’s unlikely that Karen is at work. She’s at home.
5 We shouldn’t dumb the press.
Karen .
5 We aren’t permitted to use a dictionary in the exam. 1 mark for each correct answer Score
/5
We . 10
Match the words to make compound words.
6 It’s possible the weather will be better tomorrow.
The weather .
1 pod a spirited
7 I advise Penny to save more of her pocket money.

2 head b hitting
Penny .
3 hard- c cast
8 We aren’t allowed to run in the corridors.

4 public- d show
We .
5 chat e lines
9 It’s a good idea to wear a scarf on a chilly day. 1 mark for each correct answer Score
/5
You .
10 There’s no obligation on Peter to get a part-time job.
Peter . 1 mug murder culprit kidnap
2 tabloids alerts broadsheets newspapers
/20
3 change transition turning point social factors
7 Write modal perfect sentences using the prompts. 4 suspect victim offender defendant
5 gossip bias sensationalism circulation
1 Gary / shouldn’t / stay up late last night.
2 Sarah / must / leave school early / this morning.
the words in brackets.
3 Ruth / can’t / see the film.
1 Did you remember (buy) a
newspaper?
4 Harry / ought not to / speak to the strangers. 2 I forgot (send) a birthday card to my
grandfather.
5 Sue / needn’t / take a taxi. 3 She stopped (eat) to answer the
phone.
/10 4 I remember (meet) my boyfriend for
the first time.
5 We didn’t stop (say) hello because we
1 a change in society (noun) were in a hurry.
2 a news story happening now (compound noun) 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5
3 showing no sympathy or emotion (compound

adjective)
4 the place where they have a trial (noun)
5 the decision of the jury at a trial (noun)

/10
end-of-term TEST 1 (standard) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
The clumsiest burglar in Britain

A Joe Prince must be the clumsiest burglar in Britain. saw a guy hanging from his living room window
His failed attempt to escape from a house he had frame with a hammer in his hand and a holdall full
just robbed turned him into a laughing stock and of stolen goods all over the floor. Joe did his best to
headline news across the country. He had been trying get the owner to release him, claiming that he had
to climb out of the window of a terrace following a spotted someone else trying to burgle the house,
daytime raid when he caught the shoelaces of one had tried to catch the thief, and had ended up in
of his trainers in the top of the window frame. He his unusual predicament as a result. Naturally, the
couldn’t free himself, so this left him hanging by owner didn’t believe a word, and left him dangling
his laces in the open window. Joe had attempted to while he phoned the police.
turn his victim’s home upside down, but had only
D Later, one neighbour gave her version of the story.
managed to turn himself the wrong way up!
She said that she had heard a lot of banging and, at
B Naturally, a crowd of passers-by soon built up, and, first, had thought that her neighbours were having
realizing that Joe had been attempting to break out home repairs carried out as they had just moved in
of the house with stolen goods, they didn’t help and she knew that they had intended to have the
him. They just stood and laughed at him. house renovated. However, when she looked outside,
she had seen two feet sticking out of the window and
C Almost an hour passed before the owner of the
had realized that something strange was going on.
property turned up. Imagine his surprise when he
1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 3 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?
1 The situation Joe found himself in was that he … answers.
a was hanging upside down.
1 Joe got his shoe caught while climbing out of the
b had lost his shoes.
house.
c was trapped behind the window.

d had caught his trainers under the window.
2 People walking past had no idea Joe was a burglar.
2 When the owner arrived home he saw that Joe …

a was holding stolen goods.
3 Joe admitted his crime when the owner of the
b had dropped his hammer on the floor.
house arrived.
c had a holdall on the floor.

d wasn’t holding anything.
4 At first, the neighbour thought Joe was a builder.
3 A neighbour knew something was wrong when …
a the owner came back.
/20
b she heard strange banging noises.
c she saw Joe’s legs. 4 Answer the question in your own words. Write
between 25–50 words.
d Joe broke the glass.
5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 What was Joe’s explanation for why he was in a difficult
position? How did he really get in that situation?
15 marks Score
/15
1 somebody people laugh at in an unkind way.
2 a house that is joined to other houses in a street.
1 Imagine you have witnessed a burglary. Write a
3 arrived. report including a description of what you saw,
4 seen or noticed. when and where, and a description of the burglar.
5 unusual and difficult position or situation. 2 Describe a true crime story that made headline
news in your country.
3 marks for each correct answer Score /15 35 marks Score

/35
end-0f-term test 2 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary
Name: Score: /100
1 Last summer, Mike (go) to Mexico for 1 The missing climbers (not find) yet.
his holidays. We’re still searching.
2 Jane (not find) her purse yet. 2 As far as I’m concerned, space stations on Mars
3 It was the first time I (see) Charlotte (will / build) in the future.
since the summer holidays. 3 At this precise moment, dinner (serve)
4 How many countries you in the main restaurant.
(visit) so far in your life? 4 The first plane (invent) over a hundred
5 Susie (not go) home. Look. She’s years ago.
chatting to Amy over there. 5 The broken glass (should / remove)
1 mark for each correct answer Score

/5 from the garden before the children start playing.

/5
5 Complete the sentences with words from the box.
1 Sally / just / get home / this minute.
needn’t could can’t must shouldn’t has to
2 How long / you / wait here? mustn’t

3 James / not see / any good films / recently. 1 The bag belong to Sam. He’s the only
student with a red bag like that one.
4 Gareth / just / break his leg. 2 Sandra walk home alone at night. It’s
too dangerous.
5 Sue / cry / for 20 minutes / before someone asked 3 Jerry be hungry now. He had a big
if she was OK. lunch half an hour ago.
4 Pam pay the parking fine. If she
doesn’t, she’s breaking the law.
/10
5 You take an umbrella with you, but
3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form, it’s a good idea because it might rain.
beginning as shown. Omit the agent.
/5
1 Archaeologists have recently excavated a Mayan
temple in the forest.
A Mayan temple . 1 The newspaper says that the weather is getting
2 The students are designing some interesting art worse.
work for the exhibition. It .
Interesting art work . 2 Some say that global warming is inevitable.
3 Someone is going to empty all the rubbish bins. Global warming .
The bins . 3 The campaigners say their actions will have a big
4 You may have lost your key when you were effect on people’s health in the next few years.
dancing. It .
Your key . 4 Retailers say that the rise in profits from online
5 Somebody was tidying the classroom when I shopping is going to continue.
arrived. It .
The classroom . 5 Scientists predict that the new vaccine will soon be
available for everyone.
It .
7 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something 10 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
done, beginning as shown. the words in the box.
1 Somebody manicured Tanya’s nails yesterday. rip

give have haggle feel
Tanya .
2 Somebody has renewed Tom’s library card. 1 The film star refused to any interviews.
Tom . 2 Amanda dizzy so she went to bed.
3 Someone has cut Tony’s hair. 3 They called the doctor because Jill a
Tony . fever.
4 Did they clean Susan’s carpet? 4 Unscrupulous shopkeepers off
Did . customers by charging too much.
5 Someone told Vera’s fortune. 5 Sue likes with sellers in the market to
Vera . see if she can bring the price down.
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 11 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
the verbs in brackets. of back about down out (x2) up off
1 I (buy) something in the sales over round
yesterday if I (have) any money with
1 I’m jealous Dave because he’s so
me.
good-looking.
2 We (go) for a picnic later as long as it
2 These days, news is dumbed by the
(not rain).
popular press.
3 If Robert (not fall) asleep, he
3 I’m excited our trip to the seaside.
(enjoy) the film.
4 It takes a long time to get such a
4 I think Sandy (fail) the exam unless
horrible cold.
she (study) a bit more!
5 There’s a sale on because the shop is clearing
5 If Peter (not do) so much work, he
its old stock.
(be) so tired.
6 Amy passed . She was unconscious
1 mark for each correct answer Score /5 for two minutes.
7 I seem to have picked a bit of a cold.
8 My immune system is trying to fight
1 I feel lonely. all these germs but it isn’t doing very well.
I wish I . 9 After the operation, Paula came and
2 My next door neighbour is noisy. opened her eyes.
If only he . 10 I hope the shop will take these jeans.
3 We don’t have a ticket. They’re the wrong size and I don’t want them.
I wish we .
4 My cat isn’t feeling very well.
I wish she . 12 Write a word for each definition.
5 Jack won’t stop talking. 1 a person who is part of a jury (noun)
If only he . 2 to take something from someone which you return
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 to them later (verb)
3 if you bang your head, you feel this (adjective)
4 not hurting you at all (adjective)

5 already used things that you buy (compound
adjective)

/10
end-of-term TEST 2 (standard) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
Shopaholics
A Do you think you might be a shopaholic? There are ways C Perhaps the biggest problem though is that compulsive
of finding out. Check out how many never-worn items of shopping is condoned by our materialistic society.
clothing there are in your wardrobe, or boxes of shoes that Advertisements constantly tell us to buy new things,
have never been opened. It’s not how much you spend credit cards encourage us to run up debt, and shops are
or how many clothes you have. It’s the pointlessness of welcoming and exciting, designed to make us buy, which
your purchases. Real shopaholics just love the thrill of the means that they are also designed to exploit vulnerable
shop, so most things they buy never see the light of day. people who really shouldn’t be buying at all.
B Remarkably, one in 20 Americans is a shopaholic, which D So, what sort of people become shopaholics? The
is over 17 million people, and, although there is no common perception is that they are wealthy, middle class
reliable data to prove it one way or another, I suspect and female. We have all seen the images of rich women
plenty of Europeans fall into the same category. One of staggering out of department stores laden with hundreds
the problems shopaholics face is that it is an addiction of designer bags. However, while research suggests that
that no one takes seriously. It’s the butt of countless sit- nine out of ten known shopaholics are women, some
com jokes. If one of your friends is always shopping, leading psychologists have argued that men are just
you’ll probably make a joke of it rather than telling your as prone to the disorder. They say that the statistics are
friend to get help. And the trouble with that is that there is inaccurate because men are less likely to seek help for
no social pressure to stop shopping, so shopaholics don’t their addiction and are often labelled as ‘collectors’ rather
recognize they have a problem until it’s too late and they than shopaholics. So next time you see your male friends
are badly in debt. buying items as if they were collectors, don’t hesitate to
say something about it. They may just need a little help.
1 Read the text and choose the best response. 2 Complete the sentences in your own words.
1 A true shopaholic … 1 You know you are a shopaholic if

a spends a lot of money on purchases. .
b buys things then never uses them. 2 Most people respond to having a friend who
c buys more expensive things than most of us. constantly shops by
d possesses a lot of clothes. .
2 As for how many shopaholics there are in Europe … 3 Male shopaholics differ from female ones in that
a statistics show there are more than 17 million. .
b the writer suspects that about 20% of Europeans
are shopaholics.
c we don’t know exactly how many. 3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …
d there are likely to be more shopaholics in Europe
1 excitement.
than there are in America.
2 target or victim.
3 The writer does not blame the following for 3 take advantage of.
encouraging shopaholics … 4 likely to be victims of.
a credit card companies. 5 illness or problem.
b advertising companies.
c people who joke about compulsive shopping.
d social pressure groups. 4 Write a composition on ONE of the following
4 In the opinion of ‘some leading psychologists’ topics. Write between 120–150 words.
shopaholics are usually made up of … 1 What’s your favourite shop? How often do you go
a mostly wealthy, middle-class women. there, what do you buy, and why do you like it?
b considerably more women than men. 2 ‘Advertising products aimed at young children
c both men and women in comparable numbers. should be banned.’ Discuss.
d richer people rather than poorer people.
50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 Write sentences using the prompts. 4 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. Omit
the agent if possible.
1 How long / you / sit here?
1 Colin is presenting prizes to the successful
students.
2 Rebecca / listen to the radio / just before Ben
Prizes .
walked in.
2 We are going to post all the letters tomorrow.

All the letters .
3 Claire / not meet / any interesting people / recently.
3 Janet may have lost her bag during the taxi journey

home.
4 She / own / her own apartment / since August.
Janet’s bag .

4 The council has closed down the old swimming
5 Rob / already / wash his car / when we got back.
pool.

The old swimming pool .
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 5 The train won’t reach the station until midnight.
The station .
2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of
the verbs in the box. 2 marks for each correct answer Score
/10
must needn’t should could have to 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. You may need to use the
1 Sue be at home now. She’s always negative.
home at this time. 1 I (finish) all the work if I had eaten a
2 Ray take pills every day. If he forgets, big lunch.
he will get really ill. 2 If only Susan (spend) so much money
3 We buy a ticket because it’s free last weekend.
entry. 3 Wendy (win) the race if she does a bit
4 It be Jerry. It certainly looks a lot like more training for it.
him. 4 As long as it (rain), we won’t get wet
5 I think you tell your parents. They on the picnic.
might be able to help. 5 I wish I (have) more time and money
1 mark for each correct answer Score /5 these days.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5
1 Stephen won the swimming race. He
1 ‘Are you looking for something?’ the shop assistant
(must / swim) really well yesterday.
asked us.
2 Sonia regrets losing her temper. She
The shop assistant asked us
(shouldn’t / get) so angry.
.
3 David (can’t / go) home yet because
2 ‘You must work harder,’ said Ruth.
his bike is still outside.
Ruth said I .
4 Ryan lost his wallet yesterday. He
3 ‘When did you last see Vera?’ asked Jim.
(may / drop) it in the street.
Jim asked me .
5 Vera (need / bring) any food to the
4 ‘I can’t see anything,’ said Fiona.
party as there was plenty.
Fiona said she .
1 mark for each correct answer Score /5 5 ‘I haven’t done my homework,’ Ben told me.
Ben told me he .
7 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 11 Complete the sentences with words from the box.
1 ‘We spent two nights here last weekend.’
of goods for hop at agent fast tick
Tanya said had spent two nights effects up on off lines change
the weekend .
2 ‘I wonder whether we will catch our flight next 1 When I watch TV, I often channel to
Sunday.’ see what’s on different channels.
Joe wondered whether would catch 2 Sue is jealous Pam.
flight the Sunday. 3 I’m worried about the side of taking
3 ‘I broke my wrist yesterday.’ such a powerful drug.
Fiona said had broken 4 Antibodies fight germs.
wrist the day. 5 There are a lot of electrical such as
3 marks for each correct answer Score /9 dishwashers and kettles for sale in the shop.
6 I eat food like crisps and burgers.
7 We booked our holiday with a travel .
1 to say what medicine to take (verb) 8 I’ll pay the drinks.
2 to give someone something which they return to 9 I don’t understand Ann. What makes her
you later (verb) ?
3 to argue with a shopkeeper in order to get a lower 10 How did you end here? You’re miles
price (verb) from home.
4 to spend too much (compound verb) 2 marks for each correct answer Score /20
5 not wanting to do something (noun)
6 a person who decides what stories go in a 12 Read the sentences and write reported sentences
using the prompts in brackets.
newspaper (noun)
1 ‘Put your mobile phone away.’ (Mr Smith / tell /
Amanda)
9 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 2 ‘You ought to watch less TV.’ (Sue / advise / the
1 The family, farmhouse is over 300 twins)
years old, has always lived in this area. 3 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to bring the tickets.’ (Jim /
2 The village we grew up is near here. apologize for)
3 George works for an aid agency
4 ‘Let’s go out later!’ (Debbie / suggest)
helps poor people in Asia.

4 That was a time cars didn’t exist.
5 ‘Could you clean the bathroom, please?’
5 We had a great meal in the restaurant with Robert,
(Jo / ask / Sally)
insisted on paying for it.
Write commas where necessary.
1 The accident was (predict) and could
1 John is very friendly is my neighbour.
have been avoided.
2 The summer house belongs to my
2 I don’t really know the correct
uncle is situated on a lake.
(proceed) for processing this ticket.
3 We went for a long walk along the seashore
3 The (popular) of the band surprised
it is really lovely.
us.
4 Brad Hughes brother is in my class
4 I don’t want to (sleep) so I’m going to
was chosen to represent his city in the competition.
set my alarm.
5 At the top of a hill there’s an old house
5 Sam has a lot of physical (strong).
we drove past yesterday.
end-of-term test 3 (standard) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
The world’s greatest job

A One contender for the world’s greatest job must be the world, was to give the island publicity. Fewer
the 12-month contract Dan Golley won when he tourists are travelling there than in the past so it is
beat thousands of applicants to become ‘caretaker’ Dan’s job to write a daily blog, make videos and take
of a small tropical island off the Australian coast. In photos to put online in order to advertise the place.
a recent interview, Dan said that winning the job He also has to engage in PR-related duties, including
had changed his life. He told journalists that back meeting politicians, giving speeches, talking to
in May when he got the job he hadn’t realized his tourism representatives and meeting travellers from
face would be in every newspaper in Australia. around the world. ‘I barely have enough time to
He couldn’t believe that putting together a one- work on my tan,’ joked Dan. ‘Honestly though, it’s
minute video and merely ‘being himself’ in the great to spend my days telling people how wonderful
interviews he had given had been enough to land this place is – because it really is paradise on earth!’
such a marvellous job. ‘You’d expect someone in
C As global tourism figures continue to fall because
my position to have loads of qualifications and to be
of the worldwide economic downturn, Dan has
some sort of ecological expert, wouldn’t you?’ said
to work hard to attract visitors to his little bit of
Dan.
paradise, but he’s doing his best. This month, he
B Before he started the job, Dan didn’t really know has been learning about the unique ecosystems of
much about it. The job description was unclear and the reefs off the coast of the island, so that he can
suggested that he’d do little more than deliver the help encourage diving tour companies to invest in
post and feed the fish. However, once he reached the place. He’s also been studying the strange flora
the island, he soon realized that it was a real job, and fauna of the seas near the island with marine
and quite demanding, and there were already biologists. He is keen to tell anyone who’ll listen
people there to do the jobs in the description! The about the amazing mantis shrimp, one of the most
idea of advertising the job as the best in the world, dangerous creatures in the ocean, which can’t be
and placing photos of Dan in newspapers all over kept in glass aquariums as it can smash its way out.
Quote words from the text to support your answers.
1 someone or something that is in a race or
1 A lot of people wanted to have Dan’s job. competition.
2 only.
2 There was a lot of media coverage when Dan first 3 take part in.
got the job. 4 put money into.
5 break (glass).
3 Dan considers himself well-qualified for the job.
/10

4 Dan probably spends a lot of time sunbathing when 4 What exactly does Dan have to do in his role as
he’s on the island. ‘caretaker’ of the island? (25–50 words) You are
expected to use information from the text, but

please use your own words.
5 More people are coming to the island each month.
15 marks Score
/15
5 marks for each correct answer Score /25 5 Write a composition on ONE of the following
1 What would be your dream job and why?
1 Dan got the job by . 2 ‘Exploiting and developing tropical islands is
2 The reason for publicizing Dan’s appointment was bad for their ecology and traditional way of life.’
to . Discuss.
3 Dan spends time learning about the island’s
35 marks Score
/35
ecology so that .
End-of-year test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Write sentences in the passive form using the
the verbs in brackets. prompts.
1 Last month we (sell) our old car. 1 Tomorrow, the letters / send / to people all over the
2 Shane (just / find) some money under country.
the sofa. He’s really pleased!
3 William was happy because earlier his boss 2 Hundreds of loaves of bread / bake / here every day.
(give) him the morning off.
4 How long (they / have) those old 3 Last week, Dave’s car / steal / from outside his
bikes? It’s time they got new ones. house.
5 Chris (just / get) home. I’ll ask him to
ring you back. 4 At this moment, my bike / repair / in the shop

/5 across the road.

2 Complete the text with the correct form of the 5 Claire / not give / any money / yet.
verbs in brackets. Use continuous forms if

possible.
We (1) (stay) at a campsite since Tuesday,
and we (2) (love) every minute of our
holiday. We (3) (not expect) it to be so 1 If Denise doesn’t have enough money, I
nice when we booked it last month. lend her some.
2 What Paul said if he’d
It’s 30 minutes from the sea, and Karen and I
known you were out?
(4) (walk) to the coast three times this
3 If Patrick fallen ill, he would have had
week. In fact, we (5) (just / swim) in
to go to the doctor’s.
the sea. We were a bit disappointed when we got there
4 If I seen the film, I’m sure I wouldn’t
because we (6) (forget) to bring our
have enjoyed it.
snorkels. We (7) (always / enjoy)
5 Where you live if you didn’t live with
snorkelling, and the sea here is full of fish. Recently, my
your parents?
sister (8) (study) marine biology, so it’s
fun to swim with her because she knows so much. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5

/8
1 ‘I didn’t see the documentary.’
3 Rewrite the sentences with the modal verbs in the
Rosalind said .
box, beginning as shown.
2 ‘Don’t sit on the sofa.’
may needn’t
should must mustn’t Penny told us .
3 ‘Where is she going tomorrow?’
1 It is logical that Graham is waiting at the bus stop. Amy asked me .
Graham . 4 ‘Let’s have a picnic in the park today.’
2 It is possible that Wayne lost the game yesterday. Pam suggested .
Wayne . 5 ‘Don’t go swimming at night.’
3 It isn’t necessary to buy a ticket. Olive warned me .
You . 6 ‘Could you hold the door open for me?’
4 It is illegal to drive when drunk. Bruce asked me .
You .
5 Dan regrets not doing his homework.
Dan .

end-of-year test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary
7 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 10 Circle the word with an opposite meaning.
1 I’ve got an aunt works for the council. 1 biased a objective b analysis c scandal
2 The children, parents had gone out to 2 broadsheet a press b tabloid c presenter
a restaurant, were very noisy. 3 offender a victim b suspect c culprit
3 The ice cream the little shop 4 innocent a jury b jealous c guilty
produced tasted delicious. 5 angry a cool-headed b hard-hitting
4 I can’t remember a summer the c single-minded
weather was as nice as this. 6 harmless a harmful b harmable c harmist
5 I went to a shopping centre a famous 7 sell a discount b purchase c turnover
pop star was opening a music shop. 8 win a lose b earn c miss
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 9 strength a willingness b apathy

c weakness
8 Complete the sentences with words from the box. 10 integrity a indecision b reluctance
transition
effects earn trip affairs travel c dishonesty
win cream age news drinks paste system
1 I enjoy current programmes on TV. 11 Write a word for each definition.

2 I’ve been taking these pills and I’m worried about 1 a person who reads out the news (compound noun)
harmful side .
3 We studied how the respiratory works 2 money you pay when you have committed a minor
in biology today. crime (noun)
4 I prefer soft like lemonade and cola. 3 a part of the body such as the heart, liver or
5 Always put on sun before sunbathing. kidneys (noun)
6 My brother went on an exchange with 4 people on holiday (noun)
a student from Germany. 5 doing things instantly without thinking (compound
7 How much does Derek in his job noun)
each year?
/10
12 Complete the words with the correct endings.
1 The broad media is changing rapidly these
in
up (x2)
for (x2)
out with after about of days.
2 I often listen to the news on a pod on my
1 Tune to this programme on Radio
laptop.
Secret next week.
3 Simon is a very plain- young man. He always
2 I’m ready lunch. I’m really hungry.
says what he thinks.
3 Wendy was aware someone walking
4 It was a hard- report which criticized a lot of
behind her.
people.
4 I’m excited next week’s party.
5 I have a bad head and I feel a bit sick.
5 Amy passed during class. She was
6 Dan was carrying a heavy back full of clothes
unconscious for two minutes.
and other belongings.
6 I’ll look you if you fall ill.
7 Rome is usually full of sight taking
7 We used all the matches lighting
photographs.
candles, so we had to buy some more.
8 The return air to New York can be quite low if
8 We spent two hours queueing tickets.
you book ahead.
9 I’ll deal the mess. You can go home.
10 We walked for miles and ended in a
small village in the middle of nowhere.

/10
End-of-year test 1 (standard) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
Russia’s most sensationalist newspaper

A Inspired by The Sun, Britain’s notorious tabloid, reputation across Russia for breaking news. It prides
Zhizn is Russia’s most sensationalist newspaper. itself on exclusives and on revealing all the details
It is full of dramatic stories about gangsters and of horrific crimes or salacious scandals. Often its
sex scandals, and it entertains its readers with reporters beat the police to the scene of a crime and
horoscopes and agony aunt columns. The biggest its website has regularly shown surveillance camera
difference between the two look-a-like papers footage of shooting sprees and murders.
is perhaps their attitude to politics. Zhizn is very
D The newspaper’s editor is friendly, lively and
careful to avoid stories about Russia’s ruling party.
talkative, and he looks like a bit of a tough guy with
B Recently, the newspaper’s editor started a tabloid his broken nose and muscular frame. However, he’s
journalism school in central Moscow to show staff also articulate and enthusiastic in his defence of
reporters and aspiring young journalists how to tabloid journalism, which he says is misunderstood
write in tabloid style. The problem, as the editor and unfairly criticized in Russia as being unethical
sees it, is that while there are some extremely able and unpleasant. He says that journalism shouldn’t
journalists in Russia, they simply don’t know how to be about writing artistic but boring articles – it’s
write in the attention-grabbing style of the popular about revealing the truth in a plain and exciting
press in the West. Learning how to write witty and way. He argues that a great journalist is able to feel
dramatic headlines, and how to condense stories the pull and emotion of a story, and isn’t afraid to
into a few words, is something that is new in a express an opinion. That’s why he has started the
country where newspapers are traditionally serious journalism school – the style and type of reporter he
and thorough. seeks is a far cry from the objective sort of journalist
trained by the traditional schools.
C Ten years on from its first issue, Zhizn, which
roughly translates as ‘Life’, has a deserved
1 Read the text and choose the best response. 2 Answer the questions in your own words.
1 Zhizn is different from The Sun in that it … 1 How is tabloid journalism described in the text?
a has more sensationalist stories.
b tends not to criticize the government. 2 Why do Russian journalists need training in tabloid
c avoids things like cartoons and horoscopes. journalism?
d investigates crime in more depth.

2 The editor began the tabloid school because he … 3 How is the editor described?
a wants to recruit most of his staff from tabloid
newspapers. 5 marks for each correct answer Score /15
b doesn’t think there are any good journalists of
any kind in Russia. 3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …
c thinks the Western tabloid style is new in Russia 1 famous in a negative way.
and needs learning. 2 similar in appearance.
d believes it will be a money-making enterprise. 3 ambitious.
3 According to the editor, journalists should be … 4 approximately.
a expressive and artistic. 5 very different from.
b emotional and plain-spoken. 4 marks for each correct answer Score /20
c well-informed and objective.
d truthful and critical.
/15
1 Which newspaper do you read? What are the
strengths and weaknesses of the newspaper?
2 ‘Tabloid newspapers are more interesting than
serious newspapers.’ Discuss.
50 marks Score /50
End-of-year test 2 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. Omit
the verbs in brackets. the agent where possible.
1 David (already / leave) the office. He’ll 1 Some people deliver thousands of pizzas every day.
be at home now. Thousands .
2 Thomas is upset because he (lose) 2 Someone has broken Tina’s glasses.
his watch and can’t find it. Tina’s glasses .
3 When Donald (go) windsurfing for the 3 Someone cleaned my car yesterday.
first time, he couldn’t do it very well. I .
4 They rented Big from the DVD store because Tim 4 A man is delivering the post at this moment.
(not see) the film before. The post .
5 In the nineteenth century, many people 5 Two people were presenting prizes to the students.
(live) in awful housing conditions. Prizes .
1 mark for each correct answer Score /5 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
2 Write sentences using the prompts. Use 5 Complete the sentences with the modal verbs in
continuous forms if possible. the box.
1 Rory / play tennis / twice this week. have to mustn’t

ought to might needn’t

2 Wendy / just / break / her watch. 1 You eat more vegetables. It’s a good
idea because they’re good for you.
3 Sue / see / the film / yet? 2 She practise the piano every evening,
but she can if she wants to.
4 Gordon / do / his homework / all morning. 3 I’ve no idea where Joe is but he have
gone to the park. I’ll text him and find out.
5 I / jog / for ten minutes / when I slipped and fell. 4 To fly abroad, you have a valid
passport.
5 We get home too late because my
parents will be worried.
1 If it’s sunny, we (go) for a picnic. 6 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech,
beginning as shown.
2 What you (do) if Rachel
hadn’t managed to get there on time? 1 ‘What time did you get up this morning?’
3 I won’t come unless he (want) me to. Sam asked .
4 If Sue (say) something earlier we 2 ‘I haven’t managed to call Frank yet.’
could have made other arrangements. Steve said .
5 I (help) if I had the time. 3 ‘Don’t shout so much.’
6 If they (not know) how it works, they Ray told us .
should ask someone. 4 ‘Why don’t we go walking in the mountains?’
7 We’ll stop for lunch if you (like). Pam suggested .
8 If I (be) you, I’d buy the red one. 5 ‘Could you close the window for me?’
9 If we (lose) the map, we wouldn’t Marianne asked me .
have been able to get home. 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
10
What they (wear) if they
go to the party?
end-of-year test 2 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary
7 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 10 Complete the sentences with suitable words.
Write commas where necessary.
1 I think tabloids dumb the news.
1 Harry Smith parents run the 2 I’m addicted coffee. I drink too much.
newsagent’s shop lives at the corner of the street. 3 My parents were worried me because
2 Mahogany is a type of wood grows in I didn’t ring to say I was going to be late.
tropical forests. 4 Henry was found guilty burglary.
3 Cambridge is an attractive town there 5 It took hours for Jo to come after the
are a lot of university buildings. operation.
4 My brother works for a major financial 6 I picked a cold while I was on holiday.
corporation is a millionaire. 7 Shelley took the jumper to the shop
5 The guy bike is blocking the path because it was the wrong size.
should go and move it. 8 I can’t choose the fish or the chicken.
/5 9 Sarah is always complaining her job.
10 I don’t know how you put up Joan.
8 Complete the sentences with words from the box.
She’s so rude.
period
sickening
hop sack skip
point rate
tick
control
hand system bag
foot hum
poisoning time 11 Write a word for each definition.
1 a person who writes stories in a newspaper (noun)

1 Getting married was a real turning in
my life. Everything changed after that.
2 to steal from a house (verb)
2 I usually channel . I rarely just watch
3 a cure (noun)
one channel on TV all evening.
4 people walking round interesting monuments and
3 His immune rejected the transplant.
looking at them (compound noun)
4 I think I have food . I’ve been sick all
5 something that is very good value (noun)
night.
5 Buying things second is much
6 unable to make a decision quickly (adjective)
cheaper than buying them new.
6 I took my sleeping with me when I
went camping – it’s warm and comfortable. 2 marks for each correct answer Score /12
7 The exchange between the dollar and
the euro isn’t very good at the moment.
8 What makes Julie ? I really don’t 1 Jim found some great pictures on one of the
understand her at all. web on a website about Australia.
2 Have you seen today’s head ? There’s been
/8
a serious train crash.

9 Circle the odd one out. 3 Tony is cool- in a crisis. He always stays
calm and organized.
1 press broadsheets debates
4 Wendy is single- . She knows what she
2 hop browse surf
wants and doesn’t give up until she gets it.
3 rob burgle suspect
5 Sally under the cost of the holiday.
4 cure heal suffer
6 I love walking in the country .
5 purchase bargain discount
7 Lots of holiday go to the seaside in August.
/5
8 I read about this place in the guide .
9 Jill is very out and friendly. She loves
meeting people.
10 Iberia is a major Spanish air which has flights
to destinations all over the world.

End-of-year test 2 (standard) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
Are you the sort of person who could live abroad?

A All over the world, ordinary people dream about potentially disastrous. In our home culture, we have
escaping from their own country to a better, more all sorts of people to call on to help us, but in a new
rewarding life. This is particularly true in Britain life it is necessary to seek out this sort of support. It’s
where a recent poll suggested that over half the important to make friends locally with people from
population had considered life abroad at some the new culture and with fellow ex-pats – one in
point. Perhaps it’s the wet weather … order to integrate into the new culture, the other to
have a fellow passenger who understands how you
B However, those who decide to leave the family,
feel.
friends and culture they grew up with need to
recognize how a sudden lifestyle change can affect D It is often the case that people who jet off to new
their health and happiness. Expatriate life can be places have a rose-tinted view of their new home,
isolating and difficult and some personality types and this can cause problems. There’s nothing
are not suited to tackling such changes. Naturally, wrong with falling in love with the idea of living
everybody’s personality is unique, but it is possible somewhere exotic and exciting, but being aware
to classify us all into certain general types, and some of the place’s downside is important. If your
people may respond negatively to new surroundings. dream location proves not to have the services
For example, thrill-seekers may cope with new and facilities you have come to expect, then a
situations by being too reckless, or worriers may be dream can turn into a nightmare. Consequently,
overcome by the stress of living somewhere new. planning is essential because you need to have
realistic expectations of what life will actually be
C One particular personality type – labelled type
like in your new home. You should chat on web
D – is unsuited to changing to a new life. This sort
forums to people who have already moved and read
of person is not only prone to stress but reluctant
everything you can.
to call on others to help out. And that can be
1 Read the text and choose the best response. 3 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?
1 According to the text, those most likely to find it answers.
hard to adapt to a new life abroad are people …
1 Moving abroad may leave you feeling miserable
a who like isolated places.
and lonely.
b with lots of family back home.

c who want to do exciting things all the time.
2 Some people are likely to find living abroad more
d who may be unhealthy.
difficult because of what they are like.
2 When planning to move abroad it’s best to avoid …
a choosing to live somewhere exotic or exciting. 3 At first, in a new country, you should make an effort
b not knowing what amenities the place has. to make friends with only local people.
c jetting off to very distant places.
d being too influenced by what people say in
/15
books and on websites.

1 What are the pros and cons of living abroad?
1 dealing with. 2 Imagine someone from abroad is coming to live in
2 acting in a thoughtless and dangerous way. your home town. Write an email advising them on
where to live and what to do in your town.
3 people who live permanently in a foreign culture. 50 marks Score
/50
4 fly away to.

5 a viewpoint that is unrealistic.

Tests (STANDARD) answer key
Unit test 1 4 1 They were smaller in size 2 1 implementing 2 vulnerable

and included shorter, more 3 snatch 4 cope with
1 1 hasn’t filled 2 saw
sensationalist human interest 5 premature
3 haven’t known stories.
4 did you watch 5 hasn’t left 3 1 a 2 c 3 c
2 It can leave its readers poorly
6 has she owned informed because it only gives 4 Students’ own answers.
2 1 many times 2 yet brief details about a story.
3 for about three hours 3 They influence politics by letting Unit test 3
4 already 5 all morning politicians know which issues 1 1 will be found
are important to readers and
3 1 Emily hasn’t opened her 2 is being carried
by making sure politicians stay
Christmas presents yet. honest. 3 has been done
2 I have just lost my wallet. 4 was being shown
5 Students’ own answers.
3 How long have you been waiting 5 must have been presented
here? 6 had been switched
4 Susan has been watching DVDs
Unit test 2
2 1 A new gene that controls hair
all afternoon. 1 1 shouldn’t 2 ought to growth has been discovered.
5 I have had this watch since 2008. 3 have to 4 doesn’t have to
2 Their new album was released
6 Miriam has already washed all 5 has to last weekend.
the dishes. 2 1 We needn’t wear a shirt. 3 Music is being taught to the
7 Dan has been redecorating his 2 They mustn’t use phones in younger students.
bedroom since lunchtime. class. 4 His neck could have been broken
4 1 had been painting 3 Jill might come to Joe’s party. on that trampoline.
2 had been standing 4 You should get a part-time job. 5 The newspapers are all going to
3 had cleared 4 had baked 5 Ryan must take his medicine be recycled.
5 had you been sitting twice a day. 3 1 a
It is said that global warming is
5 1 broadsheets 2 chat show host 3 1 He must have run really fast. geting worse.
3 surf 4 golden age 5 biased 2 He shouldn’t have shouted at her. b Global warming is said to be
3 She may have fallen down the getting worse.
6 1 podcast 2 analysis
3 channel hop 4 newsreader stairs. 2 a It is said that that doctors have
5 headline 4 She can’t have done badly in the improved their operating skills
exam. in recent years.
7 1 to buy 2 to take out b Operating skills are said to
5 They might have gone to the
3 talking 4 meeting have improved in recent years.
cinema.
5 to have
4 1 mustn’t 2 must 3 needn’t 3 a It is said that a great flu
Reading and writing 4 should 5 had to epidemic is predicted.
1 1 False. ‘a newspaper that had b A great flu epidemic is said to
5 1 suspect 2 jury
been reduced to half the size of a be predicted.
3 misdemeanour 4 defendant
normal “broadsheet”’ 4 1 Robert had his hair cut yesterday.
5 witness
2 True. ‘now they are no longer any 2 William has already had his bike
larger than “popular” papers’ 6 1 cool 2 single 3 public fixed.
3 True. ‘people have been 4 hard 5 cold 3 Amy has had her bathroom
criticizing tabloids for not being 7 1 of 2 about 3 to 4 for painted.
objective’ 5 of 4 Jo is going to have her eye
4 True. ‘most people want to checked tomorrow.
read exciting stories about sex, Reading and writing 5 Will Brian have his car washed
crime and disaster, not in-depth 1 1 False. ‘Although it may not later?
articles about the true state of the always make headline news’
economy’ 5 1 diagnose 2 operate
2 False. ‘police officers have 3 transplant 4 immune system
2 1 … blatantly sensationalist started visiting schools to advise
5 fever
human-interest stories about sex, young people … on the streets.’
crime and disaster. 3 True. ‘they ought to avoid making 6 1 dizzy 2 effects 3 round
2 … reducing important social or calls in the street’ 4 after 5 cold
political stories to a simple and 4 False. ‘the 10–15 age group is 7 1 incurable 2 painful
colourful headline. most at risk’ 3 hopeless 4 unavoidable
3 … they are stories their readers 5 False. ‘in my opinion at least, 5 harmless
want to read and reflect their it seems sensible to learn self-
tastes and interests. defence early’ Reading and writing
3 1 reduced 2 blatantly 1 1 False. ‘Researchers in California
3 misled 4 intruding believe that cure may have been
5 serving found.’
2 False. ‘The problem was that no 3 False. ‘If you ask experts in the 4 1 Ian asked Emma to bring her bag.
one knew how they managed to retail industry, they all say the 2 Colin suggested ordering a
stay immune.’ same thing, and that is that takeaway.
3 False. ‘the development of a online shopping will continue to 3 My dad told my sister to do her
vaccine is only a first step’ increase its market share.’ homework.
4 True. ‘the newly discovered 2 1 … the economic downturn has 5 1 Jo apologized for losing my dog.
antibodies target a completely affected their spending power.
2 Janice advised me to go on a diet.
new region of the HIV virus’ 2 … will go down as big retailers
3 Ivan warned the tourists to wear
2 1 with caution 2 immune won’t want to spend a lot on
a helmet.
3 isolated 4 infect building new stores.
4 Philippa admitted not having any
5 variants 3 … they are comfortable with
money.
and knowledgeable about the
3 1 … one of the greatest challenges internet.
5 Tom agreed to buy me a ticket.
in modern medical science. 6 1 rent 2 set off 3 hitchhike
2 … isolate two antibodies that can 3 1 undermined 2 bargains
4 towel 5 airfare 6 travelogue
be used to stop many of the HIV 3 intense 4 rivalry
virus’s forms. 5 keener 7 1 multi 2 over 3 under
3 … do some careful testing to 4 re 5 extra 6 inter
4 1 The economic downturn has
see if people in the general meant that people have less Reading and writing
population can produce money to spend and shopping
protective antibodies. online is cheaper. 1 1 False. ‘actually you can go places
4 … it has so many forms that it’s on surprisingly little’
2 Major companies are spending
difficult to attack all of them. more money on developing 2 False. ‘loads of guidebooks
online shopping and less money available and hundreds of
4 Students’ own answers. webpages of advice out there,
on new stores.
there really is no excuse for not
Unit test 4 3 They may be taken over by high-
being well prepared’
street giants like Wal-Mart.
1 1 wouldn’t work 3 True. ‘choose the one with the
2 would you give
5 Students’ own answers. cheaper flight, and that’s Mexico’
3 will ruin 4 were 4 True. ‘eat local food rather
5 won’t go 6 would she find
Unit test 5 than heading for the nearest
1 1 ‘I won’t go to your party,’ said McDonald’s’
2 1 … I would have known what the
Sarah. 5 False. ‘Don’t lighten your wallet
film was about.
2 ‘You have to wear a suit,’ said and weigh down your backpack
2 … she would have had time for with pointless ornaments.’
John.
breakfast.
3 ‘Where did you find the wallet?’ 2 1 cosy 2 loads 3 expense
3 … he wouldn’t have failed the
asked Danny. 4 off the beaten track 5 tip
exam.
4 ‘Are you going to play football
4 … if he hadn’t lost his wallet. 3 1 a 2 b 3 c
later this afternoon?’ asked Sally.
5 … if they had had something to 4 Students’ own answers.
5 ‘Don’t lean on the glass,’ said
eat.
Frank.
3 1 provided that 2 even if
2 1 Donna asked us if we had been Unit test 6
3 As long as 4 unless waiting long. 1 1 who 2 where 3 which
5 Even if 2 Grant asked where she had left 4 whose 5 when
4 1 didn’t 2 didn’t the car. 2 1 Grant lives in a house in the
3 had 4 had 5 wouldn’t 3 He told us he was going to work country which doesn’t have any
harder. running water.
5 1 purchase 2 turnover
4 Felicity said she couldn’t swim 2 I’ll always remember the
3 take back 4 profitable
very well. summer’s day when I first met
5 stores
5 Phil asked if Sophie knew my Marta.
6 1 gave 2 saving 3 used parents. 3 Joanne works in a dental surgery
4 borrowed 5 spent where they carry out a lot of new
3 1 Paul said he had been there the
7 1 preference 2 consumerism night before. techniques.
3 popularity 4 attraction 2 Anna said she hoped we would 4 I know a baker whose bread
enjoy the party the following day. tastes absolutely fantastic.
Reading and writing 5 Dan is an interpreter who works
3 Dan said he had lost his watch
1 1 False. ‘online shopping has the previous day. for the United Nations in New
become more popular’ 4 Grant asked where I had left the York.
2 True. ‘consumers are now looking car that morning. 3 1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met
for lower prices and these can 5 Mark asked how my parents while I was on holiday. D
usually be found on the internet’ would get here. 2 My grandmother is only 50 years
old, which is still quite young
really. ND
3 I had never met anyone who End-of-term test 1 9 1 in 2 for 3 of 4 about

talked so much before. D 5 down
1 1 didn’t set 2 hadn’t seen
4 We travelled on a steam train,
3 has lost 4 hasn’t swum 10 1 c 2 e 3 b 4 a 5 d
which was fun. ND
5 didn’t last 6 has had 11 1 culprit 2 alerts
5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton
dress which her mother had 7 did they buy 8 had forgotten 3 social factors 4 victim
made. D 9 have you known 10 had made 5 circulation
4 1 Art is a subject about which he 2 1 met 2 had missed 12
1 to buy 2 to send 3 eating
knows a lot. 3 had been painting 4 hasn’t 4 meeting 5 to say
2 To whom were you talking? written 5 have you broken
3 That’s the book about which I 6 has been staying 7 has lost Reading and writing
was telling you. 8 didn’t know 1 1 a 2 c 3 c
4 Peter Grove is the manager for 3 1 Susie has been staying in the 2 1 laughing stock 2 terrace
whom I used to work. guesthouse since Monday. 3 turned up 4 spotted
5 Kelly is someone of whom I have 2 Joanna hasn’t bought that new 5 predicament
a low opinion. coat yet. 3 1 True. ‘he caught the shoelaces
5 1 outgoing 2 dishonesty 3 They haven’t been playing of one of his trainers in the top of
3 trait 4 career 5 apathy football all afternoon. the window frame’
6 1 initiative 2 integrity 4 Matt has just got home from 2 False. ‘realizing that Joe had
work. been attempting to break out of
3 reluctance 4 dishonesty
5 We haven’t known Samantha the house with stolen goods’
5 strength
very long. 3 False. ‘Joe did his best to get the
7 1 deal with 2 go with the flow owner to release him, claiming
4 1 shouldn’t put 2 can’t be
3 put up 4 save up 5 earn that he had spotted someone
3 has to wear
else trying to burgle the house’
Reading and writing 4 doesn’t have to go
5 might win 6 needn’t call 4 True. ‘at first, had thought that
1 1 False. ‘Our pockets would be full her neighbours were having
of coins by the end of lunchtime.’ 7 have to put
home repairs carried out’
2 False. ‘starting their own bicycle 5 1 has to 2 should 3 can’t
repair service. However, nothing
4 Joe argued that he had tried to stop
4 could 5 needn’t a burglar who he had seen breaking
came of any of those ideas’
6 1 They needn’t/don’t have to get into the house. In truth, he had been
3 False. ‘make money by charging
up very early. trying to burgle the house when he
high-street retailers to advertise
2 Paul must have gone to bed by got his laces caught in the window.
products on their webpages’
now. 5 Students’ own answers.
4 False. ‘he lives simply’
3 Stuart has to work on Sunday
2 1 turnover 2 a whizz mornings. End-of-term test 2
3 entrepreneurial 4 go it alone 4 Karen can’t be at work. She’s at
5 bothered about 1 1 went 2 hasn’t found
home.
3 had seen 4 have you visited
3 1 … computer games and surfing 5 We can’t/mustn’t use a dictionary
in the exam. 5 hasn’t gone
the net.
2 … buying sweets from a local 6 The weather might be better 2 1 Sally has just got home this
shop then selling them at a higher tomorrow. minute.
price in the playground. 7 Penny should save more of her 2 How long have you been waiting
3 … they get discounts and special pocket money. here?
offers. 8 We mustn’t run in the corridors. 3 James has not seen any good
4 … on investing in his business. 9 You should wear a scarf on a films recently
chilly day. 4 Gareth has just broken his leg.
4 1 He enjoys computer games
and surfing the net, and he 10 Peter needn’t/doesn’t have to get 5 Sue had been crying for 20
has developed good computer a part-time job. minutes before someone asked if
skills needed to design his own she was OK.
7 1 Gary shouldn’t have stayed up
websites. late last night. 3 1 A Mayan temple has recently
2 It charges high-street retailers 2 Sarah must have left school early been excavated in the forest.
to advertise products on its this morning. 2 Interesting art work is being
webpages, and customers sign 3 Ruth can’t have seen the film. designed for the exhibition.
up and buy products through the 4 Harry ought not to have spoken 3 The bins are all going to be
websites. to the strangers. emptied.
5 Students’ own answers. 5 Sue needn’t have taken a taxi. 4 Your key may have been lost
when you were dancing.
8 1 transition 2 news flash
5 The classroom was being tidied
3 cold-hearted 4 court when I arrived.
5 verdict
4 1 haven’t been found 2 will be 3 1 thrill 2 butt 3 exploit 9 1 whose 2 where 3 which

built 3 is being served 4 prone to 5 disorder 4 when 5 who
4 was invented 5 should be 4 Students’ own answers. 10 1 John, who is very friendly, is my
removed neighbour.
5 1 must 2 shouldn’t 3 can’t End-of-term test 3 2 The summer house, which
4 has to 5 needn’t belongs to my uncle, is situated
1 1 How long have you been sitting
on a lake.
6 1 It is said that the weather is here?
3 We went for a long walk along the
getting worse. 2 Rebecca had been listening to the
seashore, where it is really lovely.
2 Global warming is said to be radio just before Ben walked in.
4 Brad Hughes, whose brother
inevitable. 3 Claire hasn’t met any interesting
is in my class, was chosen
3 It is said that the campaigners’ people recently.
to represent his city in the
actions will have a big effect on 4 She has owned her own
competition.
people’s health in the next few apartment since August.
5 At the top of a hill there’s an old
years. 5 Rob had already washed his car
house, which we drove past
4 It is said that the rise in profits when we got back.
yesterday.
from online shopping is going to 2 1 must 2 has to 3 needn’t
continue. 11 1 hop 2 of 3 effects 4 off
4 could 5 should
5 It is predicted that the new vaccine 5 goods 6 fast 7 agent
will soon be available for everyone. 3 1 He must have swum really well 8 for 9 tick
10 up
yesterday.
7 1 Tanya had/got her nails 12 1 Mr Smith told Amanda to put her
2 She shouldn’t have got so angry.
manicured yesterday. mobile phone away.
3 David can’t have gone home yet
2 Tom has had his library card 2 She advised the twins to watch
because his bike is still outside.
renewed. less TV.
4 He may have dropped it in the
3 Tony has had his hair cut. 3 Jim apologized for forgetting to
street.
4 Did Susan have/get her carpet bring the tickets.
5 Vera needn’t have brought any
cleaned? 4 Debbie suggested going out later.
food to the party as there was
5 Vera had/got her fortune told. 5 Jo asked Sally to clean the
plenty.
bathroom.
8 1 I would have bought something 4 1 Prizes are being presented to the
in the sales yesterday if I had had successful students.
13 1 predictable 2 procedure
any money with me. 3 popularity 4 oversleep
2 All the letters are going to be
2 We will go for a picnic later as posted tomorrow. 5 strength
long as it doesn’t rain.
3 Janet’s bag may have been lost Reading and writing
3 If Robert hadn’t fallen asleep, he during the taxi journey home.
would have enjoyed the film.
4 The old swimming pool has been
1 1 True. ‘he beat thousands of
4 I think Sandy will fail the exam applicants’
closed down.
unless she studies a bit more! 2 True. ‘he hadn’t realized his face
5 The station won’t be reached
5 If Peter hadn’t done so much would be in every newspaper in
until midnight.
work, he wouldn’t be so tired. Australia’
5 1 wouldn’t have finished 3 False. ‘You’d expect someone
9 1 I wish I didn’t feel lonely. 2 hadn’t spent 3 will win in my position to have loads of
2 If only he wasn’t noisy.
4 doesn’t rain 5 had qualifications’
3 I wish we had a ticket.
6 1 The shop assistant asked us if we 4 False. ‘I barely have enough time
4 I wish she was well. to work on my tan’
were looking for something.
5 If only he would stop talking. 5 False. ‘As global tourism figures
2 Ruth said I should work harder.
10 1 give 2 felt 3 had 3 Jim asked me when I had last continue to fall because of the
4 rip 5 haggling seen Vera. worldwide economic downturn,
Dan has to work hard to attract
11 1 of 2 down 3 about 4 Fiona said she couldn’t see
visitors to his little bit of paradise’
4 over 5 out 6 out 7 up anything.
8 off 9 round
10 back 5 Ben told me he hadn’t done his 2 1 … putting together a video and
homework. being himself in interviews.
12 1 juror 2 borrow 3 dizzy 2 … get some publicity for the
4 painless 5 second hand 7 1 Tanya said they had spent two
island as a place to go.
nights there the weekend before.
3 … he can help encourage diving
Reading and writing 2 Joe wondered whether they
companies to invest.
1 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 c would catch their flight the
following Sunday. 3 1 contender 2 merely
2 1 … if you buy lots of things you 3 Fiona said she had broken her 3 engage in 4 invest
never use. wrist the previous day. 5 smash
2 … making a joke about it.
8 1 prescribe 2 lend 3 haggle
3 … they are less likely to ask
for help, and are often called 4 overspend 5 apathy
‘collectors’. 6 editor
4 It is Dan’s job to write a daily blog, 9 1 in 2 for 3 of 4 about 5 1 ought to 2 needn’t 3 might

make videos and take photos to put 5 out 6 after 7 up 4 have to 5 mustn’t
online in order to advertise the place. 8 for 9 with
10 up 6 1 Sam asked what time I had got
He also has to engage in PR-related
up that morning.
duties, including meeting politicians, 10 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 a
giving speeches, talking to tourism 6 a 7 b 8 a 9 c 10 c 2 Steve said he hadn’t managed to
representatives and meeting call Frank yet.
11 1 newsreader 2 fine 3 organ
travellers from around the world. 3 Ray told us not to shout so much.
4 holiday-makers
4 Pam suggested going walking in
5 Students’ own answers. 5 spontaneous
the mountains.
12 1 cast 2 cast 3 spoken 5 Marianne asked me to close the
End-of-year-test 1 4 hitting 5 ache 6 pack window for her.
1 1 sold 2 has just found 7 seers 8 fare 7 1 Harry Smith, whose parents run
3 had given 4 have they had the newsagent’s shop, lives at
5 has just got
Reading and writing
the corner of the street.
2 1 have been staying 1 1 b 2 c 3 b 2 Mahogany is a type of wood
2 have loved 3 hadn’t expected 2 1 According to the text, tabloid which grows in tropical forests.
4 have walked journalism has an attention- 3 Cambridge is an attractive town
grabbing style, with witty where there are a lot of university
5 have just been swimming
and dramatic headlines, and buildings.
6 had forgotten
condensed stories. 4 My brother, who works for a
7 have always enjoyed
2 Russian journalists need training major financial corporation, is a
8 has been studying in tabloid journalism to learn millionaire.
3 1 Graham must be waiting at the how to write concise, attention- 5 The guy whose bike is blocking
bus stop. grabbing stories with witty and the path should go and move it.
2 Wayne may have lost the game dramatic headlines.
8 1 point 2 hop 3 system
yesterday. 3 The editor is described as
friendly, lively and talkative, but 4 poisoning 5 hand 6 bag
3 You needn’t buy a ticket.
also articulate and enthusiastic. 7 rate 8 tick
4 You mustn’t drive when drunk.
He looks like a bit of a tough 9 1 debates 2 hop 3 suspect
5 Dan should have done his
guy with his broken nose and 4 suffer 5 purchase
homework.
muscular frame.
4 1 Tomorrow, the letters will be sent 10 1 down 2 to 3 about 4 of
to people all over the country.
3 1 notorious 2 look-a-like 5 round 6 up 7 back
3 aspiring 4 roughly 8 between 9 about
10 with
2 Hundreds of loaves of bread are
baked here every day. 5 a far cry from
11 1 journalist 2 burgle
3 Last week, Dave’s car was stolen 4 Students’ own answers. 3 remedy 4 sightseers
from outside his house.
5 bargain 6 indecisive
4 At this moment, my bike is being End-of-year test 2
repaired in the shop across the 12 1 pages 2 lines 3 headed
1 1 has already left 2 has lost
road. 4 minded 5 estimated
3 went 4 hadn’t seen 5 lived
5 Claire hasn’t been given any 6 side 7 makers 8 book
money yet. 2 1 Rory has played tennis twice this 9 going
10 line
week.
5 1 will 2 would / have 3 had Reading and writing
2 Wendy has just broken her watch.
4 had 5 would
3 Has Sue seen the film yet? 1 1 c 2 b
6 1 Rosalind said she hadn’t seen the 4 Gordon has been doing his
documentary. 2 1 tackling 2 reckless
homework all morning.
2 Penny told us not to sit on the 3 ex-pats 4 jet off
5 I had been jogging for ten
sofa. 5 rose-tinted
minutes when I slipped and fell.
3 Amy asked me where she was 3 1 True. ‘a sudden lifestyle change
3 1 will go 2 would you have done
going the following day. can affect their health and
3 wants 4 had said happiness. Expatriate life can be
4 Pam suggested having a picnic in
the park that day. 5 would help 6 don’t know isolating’
5 Olive warned me not to go 7 like 8 were 9 had lost 2 True. ‘some personality types
swimming at night. 10 will they wear are not suited to tackling such
6 Bruce asked me to hold the door 4 1 Thousands of pizzas are changes’
open for him. delivered every day. 3 False. ‘It’s important to make
2 Tina’s glasses have been broken. friends locally with people from
7 1 who 2 whose 3 which
the new culture and with fellow
4 when 5 where 3 I had my car cleaned yesterday.
ex-pats’
4 The post is being delivered at this
8 1 affairs 2 effects 3 system 4 Students’ own answers.
moment.
4 drinks 5 cream 6 trip
5 Prizes were being presented to
7 earn the students.
Unit test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary 1
Name: Score: /100
the verbs in brackets. the verbs in the box.
1 William (receive) the form in the post fall paint sit clear stand

yesterday but he (not fill) it in yet.
2 A new cinema (just / open) in the 1 He was covered in paint. He the living
shopping centre. Fiona and Ben (see) room all that morning.
a great film there last Monday. 2 She was cold because she outside
3 I (not know) Emma for very long but for ages.
we (already / have) some great nights 3 Harry away all the plates before going
out together. out. The kitchen was completely tidy.
4 What you (watch) on TV 4 That was Wendy’s first day skiing and already she
yesterday evening? you over twice.
(see) Pop Idol? It was great. 5 How long there when Kate and Don
5 How long she (own) finally arrived? You must have been freezing!
that car? I can’t believe she (not sell) 2 marks for each correct answer Score
/10
it when Jack offered her a thousand euros for it.
1 to change from one channel to another
2 Circle the correct alternatives. 2 to make simple and stupid
1 We’ve heard this song for a long time/many 3 a time when everything changed
times/since this morning. 4 a period in history
2 Have you called Tim yet/just/still? 5 a short report of a breaking news story
3 John’s been online about three hours ago/for 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
about three hours/when I called.
4 Amanda has already/ever/yet finished her 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
homework.
5 Graham has been driving his car all morning/ 1 Have you remembered (buy) tickets
yesterday morning/twice. for the concert?
2 I forgot (record) the programme last
night.
3 Write sentences using the prompts. 3 He stopped (listen) to music and did
1 Emily / not open / all her Christmas presents / yet. his homework.
4 I remember (go) to the theatre for the
2 I / just / lose / my wallet. first time.

3 How long / she / wait / here?

4 Susan / watch DVDs / all afternoon. 1 I often the headlines of the morning
newspaper to see if there is any interesting news.
5 I / have / this watch / since 2008. 2 I prefer reading because I love
scandalous gossip about celebrities.
6 Miriam / already / wash / all the dishes. 3 Conditions in factories was one of the social
that resulted in the rise of socialism.
7 Dan / redecorate his bedroom / since lunchtime. 4 I tuned to my favourite radio
programme.
5 The prime minister held a press to tell
journalists about her policies.

unit test (plus) – reading and writing 1
Name: Score: /100
The rise of the tabloid

A The word ‘tabloid’ was first used in 1901 to describe which have encouraged narrow-minded opinions.
a newspaper that had been condensed to roughly And people have pointed to the death of Princess
half the extent of a normal broadsheet. Inevitably, Diana (who died in a car crash while being chased
abbreviated news stories became the norm in by tabloid journalists) as an example of how media
these new tabloids, and before long their content intrusion can destroy people’s lives.
blatantly began to appeal to their readers’ desire for
C On the other hand, over the last century, the
increasingly scandalous human-interest stories. We
popular press has only been dishing out stories and
have been using the term ‘tabloid’ ever since to refer
gossip that the general public have clearly expressed
to sensationalist journalism. Ironically, in Britain,
a wish to read. It’s an inescapable fact that most
quality broadsheet newspapers such as The Times
people want to read thrilling stories about sex,
have all radically changed over the years so that
crime and disaster, not in-depth articles and debates
now they tend to be a bit thicker but no larger than
about current affairs. Isn’t it true that tabloids
their downmarket ‘popular’ rivals.
merely reflect our tastes and interests? Perhaps it is
B For years, many people have been hurling abuse hypocritical to attack their content while secretly
at tabloids for only telling one side of a story, enjoying reading their stories. Tabloids claim, with
for turning serious and vital social or political some justification, to be the eyes and voice of
stories into a lurid headline, leaving their readers ordinary people, to express what many of us are
ill-informed or misled, and for intruding into the really thinking. Their intrusive journalism makes
private lives of celebrities and ordinary people sure that leaders and politicians stay honest and
in a way that is cruel and exploitative. Tabloid accountable, and they influence politics by letting
journalism has been blamed for running negative politicians know which issues are really important
stories on subjects such as immigration and crime to their readers.
answers. 1 made smaller.
2 criticizing very strongly and angrily.
1 The first tabloids were the same size as normal
3 shocking and horrible.
newspapers.
4 invading someone’s privacy.
5 giving or producing.
2 These days, broadsheets are often the same size 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
as tabloids.

3 One criticism levelled at tabloids is that their 1 How were tabloids different to broadsheets in the
reporting is biased. early twentieth century?
4 Tabloids avoid in-depth articles on economics 2 What are the negative ways in which tabloid
because their readers don’t like them. journalism can affect its readers?

/20 5 marks for each correct answer Score /10
2 Complete the sentences in your own words. 5 Write a composition on ONE of the following
1 The sort of stories found in a tabloid are
.
2 ‘Tabloid journalism is a good thing to have in a
modern democracy.’ Discuss.
.
50 marks Score /50
unit test (plus) – multiple choice 1
Name: Score: /100
1 Early twentieth-century tabloids were … 5 Some people have attacked tabloids for …
a slightly smaller than normal broadsheets. a failing to investigate what happened to
b put together more roughly than traditional Princess Diana.
papers. b the way they don’t respect people’s privacy.
c composed of shorter articles than c not having enough stories about crime or
broadsheets. immigration.
d only half the width of a typical newspaper. d encouraging criminals by reporting their
actions.
2 The type of human-interest article typical of modern
tabloids … 6 Tabloids produce stories about crime and
a appeared in the very first issues of the disaster …
original tabloids. a because they have a social and political duty
b didn’t appear until a long time had passed. to do so.
c started to appear shortly after tabloids were b despite strong public objections to their
invented. articles.
d had already been developed by a number of c because that’s what their readers show an
broadsheets. interest in.
d even though their readership would prefer in-
3 These days, British broadsheets are similar to
depth reporting.
tabloids in that …
a they publish similarly ironic news stories. 7 A feature of tabloid stories is that they are …
b they take up radical political viewpoints. a often very detailed.
c they have roughly the same number of b sometimes hypocritical.
articles. c truthful about the economy.
d they have a comparable ‘tabloid’ size and d generally very exciting.
shape.
8 Tabloids have an effect on political affairs because
4 Tabloids are often criticized for … they …
a being too objective and refusing to take a are very honest about politics and politicians.
sides. b make sure people in politics are exposed if
b not covering important political stories at all. they are corrupt.
c publishing articles that don’t provide all the c put forward issues politicians want to
facts. express.
d not approaching their job seriously. d take up strong political stances.
2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

2 ‘Tabloid journalism is a good thing to have in a modern democracy.’ Discuss.
60 marks Score
/60
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with modal verbs. 5 Read the sentences and write responses using
modal perfects and the prompts in brackets,
1 Rachel worry about things so much. beginning as shown.
It isn’t good for her.
1 Tom won the race. (run really fast)
2 I wear a tie every day. It’s a rule.
I’m sure he .
3 David eat meat if he doesn’t want to.
2 Zack regrets shouting at Louise. (shout at her)
4 Swimmers wear goggles but it’s a
He .
good idea.
3 Penelope broke her arm yesterday. (fall down the
5 Tom do his homework or he’ll be in
stairs)
trouble with the teacher.
I don’t know how. She .
/5 4 Rebecca is the best student in the class. (do badly
2 Rewrite the sentences with modal verbs. in the exam)
That’s why she .
1 It isn’t necessary to wear a shirt.
5 Emily and Tim aren’t at home now. (go to the
We .
cinema)
2 Students aren’t permitted to use phones in class.
I’m not certain but they .
Students .
3 It’s possible that Jill will come to Joe’s birthday party. 5 marks for each correct answer Score /25
Jill . 6 Complete the sentences with the correct
4 I advise you to get a part-time job. compound words.
You .
1 He’s so - . He always
5 Ryan is obliged to take his medicine twice a day.
stays calm in a crisis!
Ryan .
2 She is very - . She
/20 knows what she wants and works hard to get it.
3 Tom is - . He works hard
3 Complete the sentences with the appropriate
modal verbs. to help people in his local community.
4 It was a - report. It
1 You drink and drive in Spain.
criticized a lot of people for their poor performance.
2 Sue isn’t at the station so she left on
5 Jane is - . She has no
an earlier train.
feelings for people who have problems.
3 John paid for the tickets yesterday.
We had plenty of money to pay for them ourselves. 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
4 My advice is that you go home now if 7 Complete the sentences with the correct
you feel ill. prepositions.
5 I give a statement before the police
1 I’m not aware any reason why we
convicted him.
can’t catch the late bus home.
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 2 Philip is angry missing the train.
3 Joe is addicted chocolate.
4 This café isn’t suitable young
1 capture a person and ask for money for their safe children.
return 5 Tim is jealous Kate.
2 one of a group of 12 people who decide if someone
is guilty at a trial
3 a person in court who organizes everyone during a
trial
4 interested in knowing things
5 listen to the evidence at a trial
Name: Score: /100
Combating crime against young people

A Although barely registering in recent headlines, any expensive items unless absolutely necessary,
spiralling crime rates against young children and and they ought to avoid making calls in the street or
teenagers has caused considerable anxiety across in public places where it might be easy for a mugger
much of the country. That’s what has sparked to snatch a phone. Keeping phones and music
many local authorities to start implementing safety players safely in a bag while on the move may seem
initiatives to make young people more aware of obvious, but it’s something many people fail to do.
the need for personal safety and self-defence skills.
C Other initiatives are more controversial, including
While the media has categorized the actions of local
a decision to start enrolling children as young
authorities as belated and forced upon them by
as seven on self-defence courses with the aim of
circumstances, these initiatives have been broadly
making them better able to cope with an attack by
welcomed and supported.
a mugger. As the 10–15 age group is most at risk,
B Police sources have been at pains to point out that it may be premature to target such young children,
the vulnerability of young people to assault is a and a majority of parent groups have expressed
by-product of the wealthy, materialistic society concern. Indeed, various local newspapers have
in which we live. Previous generations did not taken it on themselves to campaign against self-
possess the expensive gadgetry of today and were defence courses in primary schools. However, in my
thus relatively immune to attack as they weren’t opinion it seems sensible to learn self-defence early.
carrying around anything of interest to a thief. That Being able to defend yourself surely makes sense
is clearly no longer the case with today’s tech-savvy when there is a clear threat out there. Moreover,
generation. That’s why, as part of the safety initiative, organizers of the self-defence courses point out that
police officers have started visiting schools to advise the emphasis is on how to avoid personal injury,
young people on simple procedures that may make rather than on how to attack your attacker.
them safer out on the streets. They shouldn’t carry
answers. 1 Local authorities have introduced safety initiatives
for young people because
1 The press has recently been highlighting the rise in
.
crime against teenagers on their front pages.
2 According to the organizers, the aim of self-defence

courses for children is to
2 The police are targeting muggers inside schools.
.

3 It’s a bad idea to phone people while walking along 5 marks for each correct answer Score /10
the street. 3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

1 hardly.
4 Seven-year-olds are being taught self-defence
2 rising rapidly.
because they are the most likely target for
3 caused to act.
muggers.
4 knowledgeable about technology.

5 too early.
5 The writer agrees with most parent groups on the
issue of teaching self-defence to young kids. 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
5 marks for each correct answer Score /25 topics. Write between 120–150 words.
1 How can young people keep safe?

2 ‘The media create a fear of crime by constantly
reporting it.’ Discuss.
50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 According to the text … 5 Young people today are more likely to be mugged
a young people are committing more crimes than young people in the past because they …
these days. a don’t look after their belongings properly.
b crimes against the young are under control. b are less aware of crime in the street than
c the police have barely had time to register all young people once were.
the crimes. c have more things on them that are worth
d teenagers are increasingly victims of violent stealing.
crime. d live in a society where there is more crime.
2 Rising crime rates have resulted in … 6 Not using your phone while in the streets is …
a a lot of coverage in tabloid newspapers. a something most young people do.
b concern among the broader community. b an impractical thing to do.
c a lack of action by local authorities. c a good way of avoiding a mugging.
d unrest among young people. d a policy that’s obviously failed.
3 The media consider the actions of local authorities 7 Teaching self-defence to seven-year-olds is
to be … opposed by …
a appropriate. a the writer of the article.
b inadequate. b some newspapers.
c circumstantial. c only a small percentage of parents.
d hard to implement. d some local authorities.
4 According to the media, local authorities should 8 An argument in favour of teaching self-defence to
have … seven-year-olds is that …
a done something about the problem much a it will enable them to attack anyone who
sooner. assaults them.
b noticed that crime against teenagers was b they are the children in most danger of
headline news. attack.
c been better able to defend themselves c their parents will feel more confident if they
against criticism. have these skills.
d considered implementing different safety d it may enable young people to avoid getting
measures. badly hurt in an assault.
1 How can young people keep safe?

2 ‘The media create a fear of crime by constantly reporting it.’ Discuss.
60 marks Score
/60
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something
the verbs in the box. done.
switch do show present find
carry out 1 Somebody cut Robert’s hair yesterday.

1 In my opinion, a cure for cancer one 2 Somebody has already fixed William’s bike.
day soon.
2 At the moment, the operation by two 3 Some people have painted Amy’s bathroom.
top surgeons.
3 Nothing to fix the roof yet. 4 A doctor is going to check Jo’s eye tomorrow.
4 When I switched on the TV, a funny movie
. I decided to start watching it. 5 Will somebody wash Brian’s car later?
5 Most of the music awards must
already.
/20
6 We were able to walk round the plane after the
‘fasten seatbelts’ sign off. 5 Write a word for each definition.
3 marks for each correct answer Score /18 1 a noise you make with your throat when you are ill
2 Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning as

2 to lose consciousness
shown. Omit the agent where possible.
3 something that doesn’t hurt at all
1 Scientists have discovered the gene that controls 4 a sense that allows you to differentiate between
hair growth. sweet and sour
A new gene . 5 what you have when your head hurts
2 The band released their exciting new greatest hits
/10
album last weekend.
Their new album . 6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
3 Wendy is teaching music to the younger students.
1 I hit my head and now I feel .
Music .
2 This medicine has some side .
4 He could have broken his neck on that trampoline.
3 A few hours after the operation, Liam came
His neck .
and opened his eyes.
5 Someone is going to recycle all the newspapers.
4 The nurses looked me very well.
The newspapers .
5 Jack had a – his temperature was
4 marks for each correct answer Score /20 really high – so he went straight to bed.
3 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways, 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
beginning as shown.
1 Today’s newspaper says that global warming is the words in the box.
getting worse.
avoid pain hope predict cure
a It .
b Global warming .
1 Some diseases are . We have no
2 Some say that recovery after treatment has
medicines to fight them.
improved in recent years.
2 It was a very operation. It hurt a lot.
a It .
3 I’d be a surgeon. I hate to see blood.
b Recovery .
4 If you’re learning to do something new, mistakes
3 People say that a great flu epidemic is inevitable.
are . You’ll definitely make some.
a It .
5 The accident was . No one thought it
b A great .
would happen.
Name: Score: /100
A vaccine for aids

A For decades, finding a cure for AIDS, one of the C Naturally, the discovery of these antibodies and
world’s most deadly diseases, has been akin to the development of a vaccine are only a first step.
a search for the Holy Grail. Consequently, the However, now there is a genuine expectation within
excitement generated by the realization that a cure the scientific community that the hard part has been
may have actually been found by a disparate group achieved and it is only a matter of time and careful
of researchers, many of them California-based, testing before we get to the point where people start
is understandable. They have recently had their developing an immunity to the virus. The next step
research published in a leading scientific journal, is to see whether people in the general population
and, although the potential breakthrough is being who have been given the vaccine can actually start
treated with caution at the moment, it’s created a producing these protective antibodies themselves.
sense of hope and excitement in equal measure The researchers will be watching closely.
among the world’s medical research community.
D There have been many attempts to develop a
B For a number of years, it has been well known that vaccine before, of course, but what is exciting
a tiny percentage of people are actually immune to about this new research is that the antibodies have
the HIV virus that leads to AIDS, and this has raised targeted a completely new region of the HIV virus –
the likelihood that their antibodies must hold the a region that is known to infect our cells and to be
key to developing a vaccine. The problem was that similar in most variants of the virus. This is important
no one could work out how they managed to stay because, unlike previous attempts at vaccines, it
immune. However, the Californian researchers have means that the new vaccine can be used to target
finally made the breakthrough. Two antibodies have almost all types of the virus, not just one. The HIV
been isolated, and it has been proved that these virus has defeated science for so long because it
antibodies can be used to stop a high percentage of has taken so many forms that it’s difficult to track it
the HIV virus’s many different forms. down. At last, this problem may have been solved.
answers. 1 Finding a cure for AIDS has been
.
1 Californian researchers are certain they have found
the cure for AIDS. 2 The breakthrough the Californian researchers made
was to .
2 For quite a while, scientists have understood why 3 Having discovered the antibodies, researchers now
some people are immune to the HIV virus. need to .
4 The reason why it’s been hard to cure the HIV virus
3 Although antibodies have been isolated, the is because .
vaccine hasn’t been developed yet. 5 marks for each correct answer Score /20

4 Answer the question in your own words. Write
4 The newly-discovered antibodies act on a different between 25–50 words.
part of the HIV virus to those previously tried out.
In what ways is the new vaccine different from

previous vaccines?
/20
15 marks Score /15
1 similar to. topics. Write between 120–150 words.
2 having resistance to a virus.
1 When was the last time you were ill? What were
3 discovered and separated.
your symptoms and how did you treat the illness?
4 aimed at.
5 different forms.
using animals in medical research?
/10
35 marks Score /35
Name: Score: /100
1 The writer says of the discovery of a cure for AIDS 5 Before ordinary people can develop immunity to the
that … HIV virus, the researchers need to …
a it’s hard to understand all the excitement. a just wait and see what results come from the
b some researchers have been seeking a cure tests.
for many years. b wait until the vaccine has been further
c all of the main research took place in developed.
California. c discover which antibodies are successful.
d they have been looking for the Holy Grail at d do the difficult part which is testing the
the same time. vaccine.
2 The scientific community has responded to the 6 The next step in this research is to …
discovery by … a closely observe medical researchers.
a praising the discovery in a major scientific b vaccinate some of the general population.
journal. c check if those vaccinated can produce
b criticizing the work. antibodies.
c feeling quietly expectant but wanting to wait d see how the antibodies reproduce
and see. themselves.
d feeling hopeful, excited and sure it’ll be a
7 The new vaccine is special because it …
success.
a attacks a part of the HIV virus that couldn’t
3 The key to the researchers’ discovery is that they … be attacked before.
a discovered that a small number of people are b is effective against previously unknown forms
immune to HIV. of the HIV virus.
b worked out that you didn’t need antibodies to c destroys the most infected variants of HIV.
be immune. d is the first time they’ve really tried to make a
c were the first to realize you could make vaccine.
a vaccine from the antibodies of immune
8 It has been so hard to find a cure for AIDS
people.
because …
d found out which antibodies could be used to
a it has taken a long time to track down a
produce a workable vaccine.
successful research team.
4 The text says that the ‘two antibodies’ … b previous attempts at vaccines have tried to
a have been shown to be effective in many attack too many HIV forms.
cases. c the HIV virus is elusive as it is capable of
b are the first antibodies to be isolated in this mutating into lots of variants.
way. d research programmes probably haven’t been
c can cure all forms of the HIV virus currently funded well enough.
known. 5 marks for each correct answer Score /40
d have been produced in large numbers.
1 When was the last time you were ill? What were your symptoms and how did you treat
the illness?
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using animals in medical research?
60 marks Score
/60
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
1 I feel very tired.
1 Penny hasn’t got much money. She I wish I .
(not work) such long hours if she (not 2 Elliot lives so far away.
need) the cash. If only he .
2 I know it’s unlikely but how much money 3 Kevin didn’t take his medicine this morning.
you (give) to charity if If only he .
you (win) the lottery? 4 We don’t have any tickets.
3 You (ruin) that dress if you I wish we .
(spill) coffee on it, so be careful. 5 Tina uses my hair brush all the time!
4 If I (be) you, I (buy) a I wish she .
new bike.
5 Katy (not go) out if it
(start) raining later. 5 Write a word for each definition.
6 Sandy’s job is secure for now, but if she
1 to keep money until you have enough to buy
(lose) it, where she
something
(find) another one?
2 money a business has to spend day to day on
/12 things like electricity
3 to charge an unfairly high price
4 used and not new
1 I didn’t read the book so I didn’t know what the film 5 to argue to get a lower price
was about.
If I .
2 Jo arrived late so she didn’t have time for lunch. 6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
If Jo .
1 David didn’t want his camera anymore so he gave it
3 Tim didn’t study very hard so he failed the exam.
to one of his friends.
If Tim .
2 Jo used all the tissue paper. Now we
4 Daniel didn’t have any money because he lost his
haven’t got any.
wallet.
3 Could you take this book to the
Daniel .
library?
5 The children were hungry because they didn’t have
4 My older brother passes his old
anything to eat.
clothes to me.
The children .
5 Both students signed to the
5 marks for each correct answer Score /25 organization.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
1 Dear Sir, Our bank will return the money 7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
you have signed the form correctly. the words in the box.
2 No way will I go out! I wouldn’t go out consumer prefer popular attract
you agreed to take me to a trendy night club.
3 we follow this path, we’ll get back to 1 What’s your – black or white?
the hostel. It’s definitely the right way. 2 I think is good for the economy.
4 Amy is lazy. She doesn’t do any work 3 The of this product is surprising.
you shout at her. That’s why you have to shout! 4 The of working shorter hours is clear
5 Simon finds the courage to ask Fiona to everybody.
out, she will still say no. Poor Simon!
Name: Score: /100
The future lies with online shopping

A Although the recent economic downturn has had a longer keen to spend millions on building new stores
negative effect on high-street stores and shopping when it is so much more cost effective to advertise
malls across the country, there has been one sector and sell their products online. Consequently, they
of the retail economy that seems to have gained are diverting more and more of their profits into
from the recession, and that’s online shopping. As developing the technology required to run and
consumers have become increasingly concerned advertise online shopping sites. If they continue to
about comparing prices and finding bargains, the do this, not only will online shopping be easier,
lower prices found on the internet have resulted in faster and cheaper but, once the economy improves,
a huge growth in its share of the retail market. It’s it will start to look more attractive and exciting
true to say that if the spending power of ordinary than wandering up and down the high street. Many
consumers hadn’t been so seriously undermined by experts predict an intense period of rivalry between
the slump, shoppers wouldn’t have diverted their retailers as high-street giants like the American
attention from the high street to the computer screen company Wal-Mart try to wrestle online market
in such numbers. However, they did, and it would share from successful, established players in the
appear to be a trend that is here to stay. internet market such as Amazon.
B Experts in the retail industry say that not only has the C Another factor that will no doubt affect the rise of
recession resulted in a rapid increase in online sales, online shopping is the emergence of a generation
but that it is likely that online shopping will continue of grown-ups who are comfortable with and
to increase its market share. And it’s not only the knowledgeable about using the internet to shop.
renewed frugality of shoppers that has shaped this Today’s teenagers are used to doing everything online,
change. Retailers, including some of the biggest and as they grow up, start families, and start earning,
companies in Europe and the USA, are no they’ll be keener than their parents to shop online.
answers. 1 part or area.
2 fall in the economy. (3 words)
1 The online retail sector has suffered from the
3 changed course.
recession like all other areas of retail.
4 care with money.

5 walking slowly.
2 Customers find that prices tend not to be so high
online. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5

3 Experts are divided as to whether online shopping
1 Why are customers shopping online more?
will continue to grow or not.

2 Why will shopping online be more attractive than
5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 high-street shopping in the future?
3 In what way might online stores change?
1 Customers are more interested in online bargains

because .
2 In the future, the number of new shops 5 marks for each correct answer Score
/15

3 Today’s teenagers will be more likely to shop online topics. Write between 120–150 words.
in the future because
.
shopping online?
5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 2 How do you shop? What do you buy online and
what do you buy in the high street? Why?
50 marks Score
/50
Name: Score: /100
1 The weak economy has … 5 According to the text, major retailers …

a not affected online shopping at all. a are being much more frugal.
b resulted in a fall in sales on the high street. b oppose major changes in the high street.
c impacted on all sectors of the economy c need to build more outlets.
equally. d wish to be more involved in the online sector.
d had no effect on shopping malls.
6 In the future, people shopping online will find that
2 According to the text, when the economy is weak, shopping websites …
customers want … a are better funded.
a a wider choice of goods. b have more advertisements.
b better value for their money. c are easy to set up.
c to compare high-street shops. d will be the same as now.
d more products to be online.
7 According to the text, the companies that run
3 Online shopping has benefited from the fact online shopping websites …
that … a will continue to be successful.
a the attention of consumers can be easily b may come under pressure from bigger
diverted. companies.
b the entire shopping sector has shown huge c will probably fail to grow.
growth. d may extend their operations into the high
c goods appear much trendier when they are street.
online.
8 Today’s teenagers will change shopping in the
d shoppers now feel they need to spend more
future because they will …
carefully.
a want to buy different things from people
4 Once the downturn in the economy is over, experts today.
expect shoppers to … b be more grown up in their approach to
a return to the same old habits. shopping.
b stay with shopping on the internet. c feel that the internet is a natural place to
c support the retail industry. shop.
d show faith in the high street. d earn more money than people do nowadays.
1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of shopping online?

2 How do you shop? What do you buy online and what do you buy in the high street? Why?
60 marks Score
/60
Name: Score: /100
1 Rewrite the sentences in direct speech. 4 Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in the box.
1 Sarah said she wouldn’t go to my party that
evening. advise admit
apologize warn agree

2 John said that I had to wear a suit the following 1 ‘I’m sorry I lost your watch,’ said Carl.
Saturday.
2 ‘You ought to go on a diet,’ Janice told me.
3 Danny asked us if we had found his wallet.
3 ‘Wear a lifejacket,’ said Ivan to the tourists.
4 Frank told me not to touch his bike.
4 ‘I don’t have any money,’ said Philippa.
5 Paula said she hadn’t seen her sister the day
before. 5 ‘I’ll buy you a ticket,’ said Tom.

3 marks for each correct answer Score /15 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
2 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 5 Write a word for each definition.
1 ‘Have you two been waiting here long?’ 1 outside the normal school timetable
Donna . 2 stand in line and wait
2 ‘The children came home late last night.’ 3 going between continents
Rowan . 4 the canvas ‘house’ you sleep in at a campsite
3 ‘Where did she leave our car?’
Grant . 5 to arrange a room in a hotel or a seat on a plane
4 ‘I’m going to work harder next month.’
Henry . 6 a written record of events
5 ‘I can’t swim very well.’ 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/18
Felicity .
6 ‘Do Sophie’s parents know where she is?’
Phil . 1 A lot of holiday come to our resort.
7 ‘I was here last night.’ 2 It’s hard to choose the red one or the
Paul . blue one.
8 ‘I hope you will enjoy the party tomorrow.’ 3 My back was so heavy I couldn’t lift it.
Anna . 4 I’ll pay these.
3 marks for each correct answer Score /24 5 Put on some sun if you’re going to sit
in the sun for a long time.
3 Write reported commands, requests and
suggestions. Use appropriate reporting verbs. 2 marks for each correct answer Score /10
1 ‘Bring your bag, please, Emma,’ said Ian. 7 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
1 Eve is lingual. She speaks five languages.
2 ‘Why don’t we order a takeaway!’ said Colin. 2 My alarm clock didn’t go off so I slept.
3 We estimated how far it was. It took two
3 ‘Don’t use that towel!’ said Joe. hours longer than expected to get there.
4 I love this place. We should -visit it one day.
4 ‘Do your homework, Louise!’ said Dad. 5 I don’t think there are any -terrestrial life
forms out there.
3 marks for each correct answer Score /12 6 This airport is for national flights.

Name: Score: /100
How to travel on a shoestring

A A friend of mine recently told me that she wanted to that, but choose somewhere that’s cheap to travel
travel to exciting places around the world but that and stay in, too. So, you may have always wanted
as a poor student she couldn’t afford to. I told her to go to the USA, but remember that hotels and
to think again. International travel may be the sort transport cost a lot compared to countries in Central
of thing that seems like an impossible daydream, and South America or South-East Asia.
especially when you look at your bank account and
C As a young student, you should also consider taking
realize you can count the euros in it without using
advantage of discount cards that give you cheaper
all your fingers and toes, but actually you can go
bus and train tickets, and staying in inexpensive
places on surprisingly little, especially if you have a
accommodation aimed at young people like youth
bit of imagination and don’t mind roughing it a bit.
hostels. Another tip is to be alert for tourist traps,
B In my opinion, one of the best parts of going on a which are often expensive. Try to get to places off
trip to somewhere new is planning the trip. And the beaten track, where the experience is more
today, with loads of guidebooks available and authentic and the prices are lower, travel to famous
hundreds of webpages of advice that you can monuments by public transport rather than on tours
browse, there really is no excuse for not being laid on for tourists, and eat local food rather than
well-prepared. If you’re low on funds, the first thing heading for the nearest McDonald’s.
to realize is that the biggest expense of any long-
D Oh, and another thing … My girlfriend asked me
distance trip is going to be the airfare. One friend
what she should get me as a souvenir the last time
asked me if she should go to Mexico or Guatemala
she headed off on holiday. I told her not to lighten
for her holidays. My answer was simple – they’re
her wallet or weigh down her backpack with
both great, so go for the one with the cheaper
pointless ornaments. Of course, she took no notice
flight, and that’s Mexico. You can fly direct to
and got me something. But it’s still good advice.
Mexico City from Europe, and there are lots of
Why not send postcards or, better still, write a blog
flights, but Guatemala, which is actually cheaper
so friends and family can follow your adventure.
to stay and travel in once you get there, generally
That’s a much better souvenir than anything you can
requires a transfer in the States. The point is, choose
get in a tourist shop.
somewhere that’s inexpensive to get to. Not only
1 Answer the questions in your own words. 3 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?
1 What factors should you take into account when answers.
choosing somewhere to go to on a budget?
1 It costs too much for poor students to travel.

2 What advice does the writer offer to student
2 Mexico is cheaper to get to than Guatemala.
travellers?

3 Fast food often costs more than local food.
3 Why is it a bad idea to purchase traditional

souvenirs?
4 Buy souvenirs that don’t weigh too much.

/15
1 staying in cheap, uncomfortable places. topics. Write between 120–150 words.
1 Imagine you’re going on a trip abroad. Where would

2 not having much money.
you go and how would you plan the trip?
3 watch out for.
2 ‘All young people should take time out to travel
4 a place that few people go to.
before going to university.’ Discuss.
5 spend all your money.
50 marks Score /50
/15
Name: Score: /100
1 The writer’s friend recently told him that … 5 In the writer’s opinion …
a travelling to distant places was too expensive a Mexico is a nicer holiday destination than
for her. Guatemala.
b she couldn’t afford the time to travel far. b it’s cheaper to travel around Guatemala than
c the price of travelling had risen a lot recently. Mexico.
d she’d prefer to concentrate on studying not c hotels in Mexico and Guatemala cost more or
travelling. less the same.
d flights to Mexico cost a little more than those
2 The writer says about the cost of travelling that …
to Guatemala.
a it’s not easy to count up how much it will
cost. 6 The writer advises against the USA as a destination
b it’s easy to imagine travelling cheaply. because …
c you must check your bank account before a it’s hard to get a visa.
going. b it’s expensive to travel in.
d it is less pricey than many people think. c it isn’t easy to plan a trip there.
d flights to get there cost a lot.
3 When planning international travel it is not
important to … 7 The writer advises student travellers to …
a have money in your bank account. a avoid youth hostels and find inexpensive
b be prepared to stay in uncomfortable local places to stay.
accommodation. b save money by eating meals in well-known
c have some imagination. fast food places.
d take time to plan where to go. c not use public transport which may be time-
consuming.
4 The writer advises people to get information about
d go to places that typical tourists rarely get to.
their destination …
a on the internet. 8 The writer advises young travellers to involve
b in a library. friends and family in their trip by …
c at a tourist office. a encouraging them to help in the planning.
d from a guide. b buying them really nice souvenirs.
c keeping a blog describing the journey.
d asking them to send postcards.
1 Imagine you’re going on a trip abroad. Where would you go and how would you plan the trip?
2 ‘All young people should take time out to travel before going to university.’ Discuss.
60 marks Score
/60
test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary 6
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
Then rewrite them to make them formal.
1 Simon is a student studies the same
subjects as I do. 1 Art is a subject he knows a lot .
2 We visited the old farmhouse my
uncle was born. 2 Who were you talking ?
3 Terence bought a bracelet cost over a
thousand euros. 3 That’s the book I was telling you .
4 Do you know the girl bike was stolen
yesterday? 4 Peter Grove is the manager I used to work .
5 That was the moment everybody
started cheering. 5 Kelly is someone I have a low opinion .

2 Join the sentences using commas where
necessary. Omit the relative pronoun if possible. 5 Write a word for each definition.
1 Grant lives in a house in the country. It doesn’t have 1 the opposite of willingness
any running water. 2 flexible and good at changing to fit circumstances

2 I’ll always remember the summer’s day. I first met 3 emotional and easily hurt
Marta then. 4 get paid to do your job
5 fail to catch the bus
3 Joanne works in my local dental surgery. They carry 3 marks for each correct answer Score /15
out a lot of new techniques there.
4 I know a baker. His bread tastes absolutely 1 Joy shows a lot of . She’s good at
fantastic. making decisions and doing things on her own.
2 Paul has a lot of . He is honest,
5 We walked as far as the ancient lighthouse. It was reliable and can be trusted to do things right.
right on the edge of the sea. 3 Nobody wanted to volunteer. They all showed a
certain to take on the job.
/15 4 I don’t like . It’s important to tell the
truth.
3 Read the sentences and decide if the relative
5 Dan showed real of character by
clauses are defining (D) or non-defining (ND). Write
commas where necessary. standing up to the bullies even though they were
bigger than him.
1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met while I was on
holiday.
2 Dan is an interpreter who works for the United 7 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
Nations in New York.
1 I’ll deal this customer.
3 My grandmother is only 50 years old which is still
2 Relax and go with the . You can’t
quite young really.
change anything.
4 We travelled on a steam train which was fun.
3 I don’t see why I should put with
Jack’s rude and critical remarks.
5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton dress which her
4 I’m trying to save to buy a new bike.
mother had made.
5 How much do you each month in
/15 your job?

Name: Score: /100
The teenage entrepreneur

A A love of computer games and surfing the net somebody who was already making a huge profit
may mark out 17-year-old Mark Bright as a typical from cashback websites, Mark decided to get
teenager, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. involved in the sector himself. He set up a number
Mark is a shrewd businessman who is currently of cashback websites in the UK, Germany and
running an international company which employs six Sweden, which make money by charging high-street
people and has a monthly turnover of 60,000 euros. retailers to advertise products on their webpages.
Once signed up, customers can buy products
B Mark has been a bit of a whizz at business ever
through the websites, the motive for joining being
since he and a friend made a profit from selling
that they are offered discounts and special offers.
sweets to other pupils when they were at school.
The retailers get new customers, the customers get
‘We used to buy sweets from the local shop, then
bargains, and Mark makes a tidy profit.
sell them with a mark-up in the playground,’ says
Mark. ‘We were only 12 at the time. Our pockets D There are outgoings for Mark of course, notably
would be full of coins by the end of lunchtime.’ The the pay for his part-time staff and paying for the
boys then envisaged other entrepreneurial schemes, discounts he offers to website members. However,
including inventing their own type of sweets and his profit is such that he could pay himself far more
starting their own bicycle repair service. However, than the £1000 (1100 euros) a month salary he
nothing came of any of these ideas until they lives on. It isn’t much, considering he’s one of the
developed the computer skills needed to start their wealthiest teenagers in Britain, but he lives simply
own website, which offered advice to school kids on with his girlfriend and her mother in a small house
subjects such as how to make friends or what to do and prefers to plough his profits back into the
about bullying. business. He doesn’t own a car and is not interested
in learning to drive or bothered about spending
C The spark that really set Mark off on the road to
money on the typical teenage obsessions of clothes
success was when he decided to go it alone after
or going out. Perhaps the secret to being a success
his friend and partner jetted off for a new life in
in business is to be single-minded and obsessed
Australia. Inspired by a chance meeting with
with making the enterprise work.
answers. 1 normal or usual.
2 clever and sharp-minded.
1 Mark’s first business enterprise, at the age of 12,
3 extremely good at.
wasn’t very successful.
4 idea or motivation.

5 a good profit.
2 For a time, Mark ran a bicycle repair service.
/10
3 Mark’s cashback company makes money by 4 Answer the questions in your own words.
charging customers to sign up.
1 What does Mark do with most of his profits?

5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 2 How exactly does a cashback website work?
1 Mark made money from selling sweets to his fellow 5 marks for each correct answer Score /10
pupils by . 5 Write a composition on ONE of the following
2 Customers sign up to Mark’s cashback websites topics. Write between 120–150 words.
because .
1 What qualities are important in a successful
3 Mark spends most of the money he makes on
entrepreneur?
.
5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 buying things online?
50 marks Score /50
Name: Score: /100
1 According to the text, Mark is a typical 17-year-old 5 As a business enterprise Mark has …
because he … a invented something.
a enjoys spending time on the internet. b taught computer skills.
b designs computer games. c advised people.
c spends much of his time with his friends. d repaired things.
d always does his homework.
6 Shortly before he started his first cashback website
2 Mark the businessman … Mark …
a currently owns a company that makes more a decided to do a training course on how to set
money each month. up cashback websites.
b has to do a lot of international travel with his b lost his business partner.
company. c organized a meeting with someone in the
c doesn’t currently have any old business cashback website industry.
enterprises. d visited Australia.
d has had a good business brain since
7 Cashback websites make money by …
childhood.
a customers paying to sign up.
3 In Mark’s first business venture he … b sellers paying to place advertisements.
a ran the school sweet shop. c taking a cut on every sale.
b sold sweets on behalf of a nearby shop. d selling products at discounted prices.
c bought sweets, raised the price, then sold
8 With most of the money his companies make
them at his school.
Mark …
d made his own sweets and sold them to
a invests in his business enterprises.
friends.
b pays himself a sizeable salary.
4 As a business scheme Mark did not consider … c buys clothes and has a good time.
a making his own sweets. d spends on his girlfriend.
b fixing bikes.
c repairing computers.
d starting a website.
1 What qualities are important in a successful entrepreneur?

2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of buying things online?
60 marks Score
//60
end-of-term test 1 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 3 Write sentences using the prompts. Use
the verbs in brackets. continuous forms if possible.
1 We (decide) to get Ghost on DVD last 1 How long / you / stay / at the campsite?
night as Sue (not see) it before.
2 Jane (lose) her key and can’t get in. 2 We / be / here / since Monday.
I’ve no idea when she (lose) it.
3 Louisa (not swim) in the pool yet 3 What part of the holiday / you / enjoy / the most?
because she (not have) any time.
4 Yesterday’s match (not last) very long. 4 Well, I / try windsurfing / three times.
Nadal (win) easily.
5 My father (have) his watch since 5 Really? What other sports / you / do / this week?
1966. It (be) a gift from his father.
6 When (they / buy) this boat and how
/10
long they (have) it?
7 Jenny (feel) upset because earlier she 4 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
(forget) to send her mum a card. 1 You put so much sugar in your tea.
8 How long (you / know) Peter? You It’s up to you but I think it’s a bad idea.
seem to be good friends these days. 2 Who’s ringing at this time? It be
you (meet) at school? Dave. He hasn’t got a phone.
9 I (make) sandwiches earlier because I 3 Amy is a nurse, so she wear a
(know) we would get hungry. uniform when she’s working.
Roland
10 (wake) up late because he 4 Rebecca go to ballet classes if she
(not set) his alarm clock before going doesn’t want to.
to bed last night. 5 Tim win the competition if he enters
2 marks for each correct answer Score /20 it. He has as good a chance as anybody else!
6 Tony call Rosie but he can if he wants
2 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of
to.
7 We put the ice cream in the fridge. It’ll
1 When you (last / see) be a disaster if it melts.
Raymond?
Last summer, in Barcelona.
2 Why did Fiona run back home? 5 Complete the text with appropriate modal verbs.
To pick up the purse she (forget).
3 Why did Dan look so tired when he got here? Next week is the school sports day. Everybody
Well, he (paint) the bedrooms all day. (1) compete in it – it’s a school rule!
4 Why is Sally still upstairs? I know that I (2) do some training
She (not do) her homework. She’ll be for it but I’m too lazy. Don Wilson (3)
down soon. lose in the 100 metres because he’s by far the best
5 How many times (break) your leg? runner in the school. In fact he (4)
Three times so far! break the school record for the event if he’s in
6 When does Andy go home? good form. Anyway, he’s so good that the rest of us
Tomorrow. He (stay) at this campsite (5) compete – he’s unbeatable so it’s
since Tuesday but tomorrow is his last day. a waste of time!
7 Why is Rebecca so upset?
She (lose) her camera. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5
8 You look happy. Why’s that?
We (see) two great films this week.

6 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal 9 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
verbs, beginning as shown.
1 I often tune to the current affairs
1 It isn’t necessary to get up very early. programme on Saturday morning.
They . 2 I’m addicted chocolate and coffee.
2 It’s likely that Paul has gone to bed by now. 3 Are you ready the new term?
Paul . 4 I’m really angry that article in
3 Stuart is obliged to work on Sunday mornings. yesterday’s newspaper.
Stuart . 5 I wasn’t aware the press coverage of
4 It’s unlikely that Karen is at work. She’s at home. this case.
Karen .
/5
5 We aren’t permitted to use a dictionary in the exam.
We . 10
Complete the sentences with the correct words.
6 It’s possible the weather will get better tomorrow.
1 There’s been a news on TV! An earthquake
The weather .
has hit the capital.
7 I advise Penny to save more of her pocket money.
2 Jenny is ambitious and single- . She always
Penny .
gets what she wants.
8 We aren’t allowed to run in the corridors.
3 I often watch pod on the internet.
We .
4 William works with old people. He’s very public-
9 It’s a good idea to wear a scarf on a chilly day.
.
You .
5 Amy is plain- . She always says what she
10 There’s no obligation on Peter to get a part-time job.
thinks.
Peter .
6 How can you be so cold- ? Have some
2 marks for each correct answer Score /20 feelings for other people!
7 Have you seen the -page news?
the verbs in brackets. The president has been arrested.
8 Some celebrities are always in newspaper
1 Martha (lose) her new purse. She’s
head .
looked everywhere and can’t find it.
2 Gary (stay) up late. He regrets it. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /8
3 Sarah (leave) work early every day 11 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
because her last train home goes at five. the verbs in the box.
4 Ruth (see) the film. It was only meet send buy say eat
released yesterday and she was busy then.
5 I’m not sure where Emma is. She (not 1 Did you remember a newspaper?
be) on the next bus but I hope she is. 2 I forgot a birthday card to my
6 Brenda (do) the dishes. She didn’t grandfather.
and now her parents are angry. 3 She stopped to answer the phone.
/6 4 I remember Tom for the first time.
5 We didn’t stop hello because we
were in a hurry.
1 a discussion about serious issues
2 read quickly to get the general idea
3 serious newspapers
4 steal from a house
5 something that a defendant may say to the police
or at a trial
6 a crime that is not very serious

/6
end-of-term test 1 (plus) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
The clumsiest burglar in Britain

A Joe Prince must be the clumsiest burglar in Britain. C Joe’s predicament lasted an hour or more before
In fact, his hilariously bungled attempt to escape the owner of the house turned up. Imagine his
from a house he had just robbed managed to turn astonishment on seeing a stranger dangling
him into a laughing stock and headline news across from his living-room window frame, grasping a
the country. He had been trying to climb out of hammer in his hand. Scattered on the floor were
the window of a Victorian terrace following an various household objects and an open holdall.
audacious raid carried out just as most people were Incriminating as this evidence was, Joe did his best
heading off for work when he somehow got himself to persuade the owner to release him, claiming that
into a real tangle. Perhaps fearing he’d lose one of he had ended up as he was because he’d heroically
his trainers while clambering through the window, been chasing the real burglar. Naturally, the owner
he’d tied them in such a way that his shoelaces were didn’t believe a word, and left him dangling while
tied tightly in big bows. And that was his undoing. he phoned the police.
The laces of one of his trainers caught in the top of
D Later, one of the neighbours gave her version of the
the window frame, and, as he couldn’t free himself,
story. She said that she had heard a lot of banging
this left him hanging by his laces in the open
and, at first, had thought that her neighbours were
window. Joe had attempted to turn his victim’s home
having home repairs carried out as they had just
upside down, but had only managed to turn himself
moved in and she knew that they had intended to
the wrong way up!
have the house renovated. However, when she went
B What followed must have been both a humiliating to look outside, she had seen two feet sticking out of
and an extremely painful experience for the hapless the window and had realized that something strange
Joe as he dangled in mid-air while people strolling was going on. She said that she thought he had got
past, only too aware that Joe had been up to no his foot caught after trying to escape from the house
good by breaking into the house, chose to stand and through the small window above the main window
laugh at him rather than offer any assistance. in the living room.
answers. 1 messed up and done badly.
2 somebody people laugh at in an unkind way.
1 Joe got his shoe caught while climbing out of the
house.
3 unlucky and foolish.

4 walking slowly along.
2 People walking past had no idea Joe was a burglar.
5 unusual and difficult position or situation.

3 Joe admitted his crime when the owner of the
house arrived. 3 marks for each correct answer Score
/15
4 At first, the neighbour thought Joe was a builder. topics. Write between 120–150 words.

1 Imagine you have witnessed a burglary. Write a
5 marks for each correct answer Score /20 report including a description of what you saw,
when and where, and a description of the burglar.
2 Describe a true crime story that made headline
1 Passers-by didn’t help Joe because news in your country.
.
50 marks Score
/50
2 The owner didn’t believe Joe’s excuse because
.
3 A neighbour hadn’t responded when she first heard
noises because .
end-of-term test 1 (plus) – multiple choice
Name: Score: /100
1 The writer describes Joe as … 6 When the owner arrived, Joe …

a a funny man. a tried hard to apologize.
b an experienced burglar. b claimed not to be a burglar.
c a hopeless burglar. c incriminated himself with what he said.
d a likeable man. d admitted being a criminal.
2 Joe carried out his crime in … 7 The neighbour didn’t think anything was wrong at
a an old house during the early morning. first because she …
b a terrace in the middle of the night. a didn’t hear anything unusual.
c a Victorian building at the weekend. b was used to having noisy neighbours.
d a large house in the early afternoon. c expected people to be doing work on the
house.
3 The situation Joe found himself in was that he …
d had only just moved in.
a was hanging upside down.
b had lost one of his shoes. 8 The neighbour realized something was wrong
c was trapped behind the window. when …
d had caught his trainers under the window. a the owner came back.
b she heard strange banging noises.
4 No one helped Joe because they …
c she saw Joe’s legs.
a didn’t think he deserved any help.
d Joe broke the glass.
b were waiting for the police to come.
c thought it was just too funny to do anything. 5 marks for each correct answer Score /40
d didn’t know how to help.
5 When the owner arrived home he saw that Joe …

a was holding stolen goods.
b had dropped his hammer on the floor.
c had a holdall on the floor.
d wasn’t holding anything.
1 Imagine you have witnessed a burglary. Write a report including a description of what you saw,
when and where, and a description of the burglar.
2 Describe a true crime story that made headline news in your country.
60 marks Score
/60
Name: Score: /100
the verbs in brackets. the verbs in the box.
1 Last summer, Mike (go) to Mexico for remove win build serve find

his holidays. He (not be) there before.
2 Jane (lose) her purse this morning, 1 Last year, the tennis match by us.
and she (not find) it yet. 2 The missing climbers yet.
3 I (meet) Charlotte for coffee yesterday 3 As far as I’m concerned, space stations on Mars
afternoon. It was the first time I (see) in the future.
her since the summer holidays. 4 At this precise moment, dinner in the
4 How many countries you main restaurant.
(visit) so far in your life? Which one 5 The poisonous plants should from the
you (like) the most? garden before the children started playing.
5 Susie only (get) here an hour ago, so
I don’t think she (go) home yet. Look,
she’s chatting to Amy over there. 5 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Omit the
agent if possible.
1 A team of leading archaeologists has recently
2 Write sentences using the prompts. Use excavated a Mayan temple in the forest.
continuous forms where possible.

1 Sally / just / get home / this minute. 2 The students are designing some interesting art
work for the exhibition.
2 How long / you / wait / here ?
3 Someone is going to empty all the rubbish bins.
3 James / not see / any good films / recently.
4 I may have lost my key when I was dancing.
4 Gareth / just / break his leg?
5 Joe was tidying the classroom when I arrived.
5 Sue / cry / for 20 minutes / before someone asked
if she was OK.

6 Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning as
shown.
3 Complete the sentences with appropriate modal 1 Some say that researchers have made incredible
verbs.
scientific breakthroughs in recent years.
1 Sandra walk home alone at night. It’s It .
too dangerous. 2 The press says that Robbie Williams is performing
2 Pam pay the parking fine. If she here later tonight.
doesn’t, she’s breaking the law. Robbie Williams .
3 You take an umbrella with you, but 3 Doctors predict that the cost of treatment will rise
it’s a good idea because it might rain. in some countries.
4 You shout in the corridor. It’s against It .
school rules. 4 Retailers say that today’s teenagers will affect the
5 Darren have lost his wallet almost rise of online shopping as they become grown-ups.
anywhere. I’ve no idea where. Online shopping .
5 The newspaper says that this hot weather will
continue all summer.
It .

7 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something 10 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
done, beginning as shown.
1 Tabloids often down the news so that
1 Some workers have renovated the neighbours’ even stupid or ill-informed people can understand it.
house. 2 Amanda a bit dizzy so she went to
The neighbours . bed.
2 Are they going to clean Susan’s carpet? 3 After the operation Paula round and
Is . opened her eyes.
3 Someone told Vera’s fortune. 4 Unscrupulous shopkeepers off
Vera . customers by charging too much.
4 Some gardeners are clearing away fallen branches 5 Some online shopping websites away
from Moira’s garden. free gifts to encourage you to use their site.
Moira .
/5
5 My brother will redecorate my dining room for me
next month. 11 Complete the sentences with the correct
I . prepositions.
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 1 I’m jealous Dave because he’s so
good-looking.
8 Rewrite the sentences using conditionals,
2 These days, news is dumbed by the
beginning as shown.
popular press.
1 I didn’t have any money so I didn’t buy anything in 3 I’m excited our trip to the seaside
the sales. next weekend.
If . 4 It takes a long time to get such a
2 We will go for a picnic on condition that it doesn’t horrible cold.
rain later. 5 There’s a sale on because the shop is clearing
As long as . its old stock.
3 Robert fell asleep so he missed the film. 6 Amy passed . She was unconscious
If . for two minutes.
4 Sandy should study more or she’ll fail the exam. 7 I seem to have picked a bit of a cold.
Unless . 8 My immune system is trying to fight
5 Paul was tired because he had been working hard all these germs but it isn’t doing very well.
all day. 9 They want to sign new customers.
If . 10 I hope the shop will take these jeans.
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 They’re the wrong size and I don’t want them.
9 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /10
1 I am lonely. 12 Write a word for each definition.

I wish I . 1 saying exactly what you think
2 My next-door neighbour practises his violin every 2 a part of the body such as the heart or liver
evening.
If only he . 3 if you feel a bit sick, you feel this
3 Carla didn’t get up early this morning. 4 money in notes and coins
If only she . 5 describes a company that makes more money than
4 We don’t know any people here. it spends
I wish we .
5 Jack complains about my cooking all the time.
If only he .
Name: Score: /100
Shopaholics
A Ever considered yourself a shopaholic? You’d only C The materialism of our society is such that it’s
have to dare to open that wardrobe door and wade hard to see that too much shopping is bad for you.
through the piles of shoe boxes and racks of clothes Advertisements constantly tell us to buy new things,
to know the truth. And, of course, it's the unopened credit cards encourage us to run up debt, and shops
boxes and never-worn garments rather than the are welcoming and exciting, designed to make us
prices on the labels that reveal the truth. True buy. They are also designed to exploit vulnerable
shopaholics just love the thrill of the shop so most people who really shouldn’t be buying at all.
things they buy simply never see the light of day.
D So, what sort of people become shopaholics? Well,
B Research in the United States has shown that one we have all seen the images of wealthy middle-class
in 20 Americans – no fewer than 17 million people women staggering out of department stores laden
– is a compulsive buyer, the polite term for being with hundreds of designer bags, and that has to
a shopaholic. Although there is an absence of be the common perception, the stereotype we all
comparable data over on this continent, it would recognize. However, while research suggests that
be absurd to doubt that plenty of people here fall nine out of ten known shopaholics are women,
into a similar category. It’s a problem that should some leading psychologists have argued that
be confronted, but that is exactly what we don’t men, regardless of their social class, are just as
do. Being a shopaholic is the butt of countless prone to the disorder. They say that the statistics
sit-com jokes, and it’s indulged for the most are inaccurate because men are less likely to seek
part by the ignorance of friends and family to its help for their addiction and are often labelled as
potential destructiveness. Consequently, there’s ‘collectors’ rather than shopaholics. So next time
no social pressure to stop and compulsive buyers you see your male friends buying items as if they
rarely recognize their problem until the payment were collectors, don’t hesitate to say something
reminders start to pile up. Let’s face it, if one of your about it. They may just need a little help.
friends lived to shop, you’d probably crack a joke
about it rather than urge the friend to seek help.
We’re all guilty of condoning a major problem.
answers. 1 You know you are a shopaholic if
.
1 There are likely to be far fewer shopaholics in
2 Most people respond to having a friend who
Europe than there are in the USA.
constantly shops by

.
2 People fail to take shopaholicism seriously.
3 Some of the things that encourage us to shop

include
3 The idea that shopaholics are rich women is a
.
misconception.
4 Male shopaholics differ from female ones in that

5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 .
2 Find words or phases in the text that mean … 5 marks for each correct answer Score /20
1 where you hang clothes in a wardrobe or in a shop. 4 Write a composition on ONE of the following
2 show. 1 What’s your favourite shop? How often do you go
3 ridiculous. there, what do you buy, and why do you like it?
4 saying that something is OK when it is bad. 2 ‘Advertising products aimed at young children
should be banned.’ Discuss.
5 likely to be victims of.
50 marks Score
/50
Name: Score: /100
1 A true shopaholic … 6 In the opinion of ‘some leading psychologists’

a spends a lot of money on purchases. shopaholics are usually made up of …
b buys things then never use them. a mostly middle-class women.
c buys more expensive things than most of us. b considerably more women than men.
d possesses a lot of clothes. c both men and women in comparable
numbers.
2 As for how many shopaholics there are in Europe …
d men more than women.
a statistics show there are more than 17 million.
b the writer suspects that about 20% of 7 Shopaholics tend to be …
Europeans are shopaholics. a richer people rather than poorer people.
c there are a lot but we don’t know exactly how b just as likely to be working class as middle
many. class if they are men.
d there are likely to be more shopaholics in c middle class if they are women.
Europe than there are in America. d collectors if they are men from the middle
classes.
3 The writer considers shopaholicism to be …
a spreading quite rapidly. 8 Male shopaholics are different from female ones
b a problem we ought to face up to now. because they …
c a bit of a joke. a tend to compulsively purchase different sorts
d a habit we should indulge. of things.
b buy things in very large numbers.
4 According to the writer, people usually respond to
c are difficult to help with their addiction.
shopaholics by …
d are fewer in number than female ones.
a ignoring that sort of person.
b thinking it’s not funny. 5 marks for each correct answer Score /40
c often trying to talk them out of it.
d not realizing it’s a problem.
5 The writer does not blame the following for

encouraging shopaholics …
a credit card companies.
b advertising companies.
c people who make jokes about compulsive
shopping.
d social pressure groups.
1 What’s your favourite shop? How often do you go there, what do you buy, and why do you
like it?
2 ‘Advertising products aimed at young children should be banned.’ Discuss.
60 marks Score
/60
Name: Score: /100
1 Write sentences using the prompts. Use 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
continuous forms if possible. the verbs in the box.
1 How long / they / sit / over there? spend

know win rain
have stay

2 Rebecca / listen to the radio / just before Ben 1 If only Susan so much money last
walked in. weekend.
2 Wendy the race if she does a bit more
3 Claire / meet / any interesting people / recently? training for it.
3 As long as it , we won’t get wet on the
4 she / own / since August / her own apartment? picnic.
4 I wish I more time and money these
5 Rob / already / wash his car / when we got back. days.
5 Where they if they can’t
afford to pay for a hotel?
6 I don’t know Tim well. If I him better, I
2 Complete the sentences with appropriate modal would send him a card.
verbs and the correct form of the verbs in
brackets. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /6
1 Sonia regrets losing her temper. She 5 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
(get) so angry.
1 ‘I didn’t take the bus yesterday,’ said Diana.
2 David’s still here. He (go) home yet
Diana said .
because his bike is still outside.
2 ‘Are you looking for something now?’ the shop
3 Ray (take) pills every day. If he
assistant asked us.
forgets, he will get really ill.
The shop assistant asked us
4 It (be) Jerry. It certainly looks a lot like
.
him. Yes, I’m sure it’s him.
3 ‘The car broke down last Saturday,’ said Ruth.
5 Stephen won the swimming race. He
Ruth said .
(swim) really well yesterday.
4 ‘We’re going to help them tomorrow,’ they told us.
1 mark for each correct answer Score /5 They told us .
5 ‘I can’t see anything here,’ said Fiona.
3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Omit the
agent if possible. Fiona said .
6 ‘Where do you play tennis?’ asked Jo.
1 Colin is presenting prizes to the successful
Jo asked us .
students.
2 We are going to post all the letters tomorrow. 6 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

1 ‘We spent two nights here last weekend.’
3 Janet may have lost her bag during the taxi journey
Tanya said .
home.
2 ‘I wonder whether we will catch our flight next

Thursday.’
4 The council has closed down the old swimming
Bridget wondered .
pool.
3 ‘I broke my wrist yesterday.’

Fiona said .
5 The train won’t reach the station until midnight.
/6
7 Rewrite the sentences using the verbs in the box. 10 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
tell ask
apologize
suggest advise 1 When I watch TV, I often channel to
see what’s on different channels.
1 ‘Put your mobile phone away, Amanda!’ 2 Sue is jealous Pam because she has
Mr Smith . more money.
2 ‘You ought to watch less TV, Andy.’ 3 I’m worried about the side of taking
Sue . such a powerful drug.
3 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to bring the tickets.’ 4 Antibodies fight germs that can
Jim . cause disease.
4 ‘Let’s go out later!’ 5 There are a lot of electrical such as
Debbie . dishwashers and kettles for sale in the shop.
5 ‘Could you clean the bathroom, please, Sally?’ 6 My brother eats food like crisps and
Josephine . hamburgers which have a high fat content.
/10 7 We booked our holiday with a travel .
She was very helpful.
8 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 8 I’ll pay the drinks.
1 Jack has a watch you can use 9 I don’t understand Fiona. I don’t know what makes
underwater. her .
2 The family, farmhouse is over three 10 How did you end here? You’re miles
hundred years old, has always lived in this area. from home.
3 The village we grew up is near here. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /10
4 George works for an aid agency
helps poor people in Asia. 11 Write a word for each definition.
5 Have you asked the bus stop is? 1 serious newspapers
6 That was a time cars didn’t exist. 2 a place where they have a trial
7 We had a great meal in the restaurant, 3 to buy
Robert insisted on paying for. 4 speaking many languages
8 I’ll always remember the day I first 5 try to get a lift from passing cars
went on a date. 6 friendly and extrovert
9 Tom works in the café they met.
10 We drove as far as the old bridge
crosses the river. 12 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the words in the box.
proceed strong sleep popular predict
9 Join the sentences using relative pronouns.
1 John is my neighbour. He is very friendly. 1 The accident was and could have
been avoided.
2 The summer house is situated on a lake. It belongs 2 I don’t really know the correct for
to my uncle. processing this ticket.
3 The of the singing contest surprised
3 We went for a long walk along the seashore. It’s Ian. He didn’t know so many people loved it.
really lovely there. 4 I don’t want to so I’m going to set my
alarm.
4 Brad Hughes was selected to represent his region 5 Sam has a lot of physical . He can lift
in the championships. His brother is in my class at very heavy things.
school. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5


/4
Name: Score: /100
The world’s greatest job

A If you could have any job in the world, what would advertising the job as the best in the world, and
it be? One contender for the world’s greatest job splashing photos of Dan all over the world’s press,
would have to be the 12-month contract Dan was to bring much-needed publicity to the island
Golley won when he beat thousands of applicants and to the Australian coast in general. Dan has to
to become ‘caretaker’ of a small tropical island off keep up that good work by writing a daily blog,
the Australian coast. In a recent interview, Dan said making videos and taking photos to put online, and
that, just as he had expected, winning the job had by engaging in PR-related duties, including meeting
completely changed his life and that the time had politicians, giving speeches, talking to tourism
flown. Back in May when he got the job he hadn’t representatives and meeting travellers from around
realized his face would be in every newspaper the world. ‘I barely have enough time to work on
in Australia. He still couldn’t believe that putting my tan,’ joked Dan. ‘Honestly though, it’s great to
together a one-minute video and merely ‘being spend my days telling people how wonderful this
himself’ during the various roleplays and tasks he place is – because it really is paradise on earth!’
had undertaken had been enough to land such a
C As global tourism figures continue to fall because
coveted position. ‘You’d expect someone in my
of the worldwide economic downturn, Dan has
position to have loads of qualifications and to be
his work cut out to attract visitors to his little bit of
some sort of ecological expert, wouldn’t you?’ said
paradise, but he’s doing his best. This month, he
Dan.
has been learning about the unique ecosystems of
B Before taking the job, Dan had had little or no the reefs off the coast of the island, so that he can
idea what it would involve. The job description help encourage diving tour companies to invest in
was really thin, almost tongue-in-cheek, suggesting the place. He’s also been studying the strange flora
that he’d do not much more than deliver the post and fauna of the seas near the island with marine
and feed the fish. However, once he reached the biologists. He is keen to tell anyone who’ll listen
island, he soon realized that it was a real job, and about the amazing mantis shrimp, one of the most
quite demanding, and there were already people dangerous creatures in the ocean, which can’t be
there to do the jobs in the description! The idea of kept in glass aquariums as it can smash its way out.
answers. 1 wanted by a lot of people.
2 joking and not serious.
1 A lot of people wanted to have the job that Dan got.
3 showing (in newspapers).

4 has a lot of difficult work to do.
2 There was a lot of media coverage about the job.
5 break (glass).

3 Dan considers himself well-qualified for the job. 2 marks for each correct answer Score
/10
4 What exactly does Dan have to do in his role as

4 Dan spends a lot of time sunbathing. ‘caretaker’ of the island? (25–50 words) You are
expected to use information from the text, but
please use your own words.
5 More people are coming to the island each month.
15 marks Score
/15
5 marks for each correct answer Score /25 5 Write a composition on ONE of the following
1 Dan got the job by .
2 ‘Exploiting and developing tropical islands is
2 The reason for publicizing Dan’s appointment was
bad for their ecology and traditional way of life.’
to .
Discuss.
3 Dan spends time learning about the island’s
ecology so that . 35 marks Score
/35

Name: Score: /100
1 Dan Golley has managed to get … 5 Dan’s jobs on the island include …
a what is officially the best job in the world. a dealing with the mail.
b a job that loads of people really wanted. b doing things on the computer.
c a job that had a really tough application c protecting the wildlife.
procedure. d working on his tan.
d a great job that will last almost a year once it
6 The main aim of having Dan as ‘caretaker’ of a
starts.
tropical island is to …
2 When he got the job, Dan had no idea that … a make sure the island is properly looked after.
a he would get a lot of press coverage. b have someone there to help and advise
b time would go by so quickly. tourists.
c he would have to appear in videos. c try to encourage more visitors to come to the
d his life would be so different. place.
d provide a photographic record of the island
3 Dan probably got the job by …
and coastline.
a being better qualified than most.
b doing well during roleplays and other tasks. 7 Dan’s job is made more difficult because …
c doing at least one interview. a he is also studying to be a marine biologist.
d being good at making videos. b he has so much to learn to do his job.
c the recession is affecting the tourist industry.
4 Before starting the job, Dan didn’t know what he
d there are a lot of dangerous animals there.
would be doing because …
a he hadn’t had time to read up about it before 8 Recently, Dan has been learning …
going. a how to dive.
b he hadn’t bothered to ask about it at the b about marine animals.
interview. c about investments.
c there wasn’t a detailed description of the job d how to keep creatures in aquariums.
anywhere.
d the people offering the job had been tongue-
in-cheek.

2 ‘Exploiting and developing tropical islands is bad for their ecology and traditional way of life.’
Discuss.
60 marks Score
/60
End-of-year test 1 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Complete the sentences with the correct passive
the verbs in brackets. form of the verbs in the box.
1 A few months ago, we (sell) our old bake fill

steal pay post
car. We still (not buy) a new one!
2 Shane (just / find) some money down 1 Tomorrow, the letters to people all
the back of his sofa. He’s really pleased because, over the country.
days before, he (plan) to throw the 2 Hundreds of loaves of bread here
sofa out! every day.
3 William was happy because earlier he 3 Last week, Dave’s car from outside
(ask) his boss for the morning off, and his boss his house. The police are looking for the thieves.
(say) yes. 4 At this moment, application forms in
4 Chris (just / get) home. He by hundreds of people who want this job.
(not have) time to change yet. I’ll ask 5 Claire any money by her employers
him to ring you back. yet, and it’s pay day.
5 Rosie (twist) her ankle three days
ago. She (spend) most of her time at
home since then. 5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
2 marks for each correct answer Score /10 will would

have
had

1 If Denise doesn’t enough money, I
the verbs in brackets. Use continuous forms if
possible. lend her some.
2 What Paul said if he
1 How long you (stay) at
known you were out?
the campsite?
3 If Patrick fallen ill, he would
2 We (be) here for two weeks.
had to go to the doctor’s.
3 you (enjoy) yourselves?
4 If I seen the film, I’m sure I
4 Yes. We (not expect) it to be so nice
have enjoyed it.
when we booked the holiday last month.
5 Where you live if you didn’t
5 What things you (do)?
to live with your parents?
6 My sister and I (walk) to the coast
three times this week. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /5
7 We (snorkel) in the sea. That was great. 6 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
8 My sister (try) snorkelling before but it
1 ‘I didn’t see the documentary last night.’
was the first time for me.
Rosalind .
/8 2 ‘Don’t sit on this sofa.’
3 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. Penny .
3 ‘Where is she going tomorrow?’
1 It is logical that Graham is waiting at the bus stop.
Amy .
Graham .
4 ‘Let’s have a picnic here today.’
2 It is possible that Wayne lost the game yesterday.
Pam suggested .
Wayne .
5 ‘Don’t go swimming tomorrow night.’
3 It isn’t necessary to buy a ticket.
Olive .
You .
6 ‘Could you hold the door open for me?’
4 It is illegal to drive when drunk.
Bruce .
You .
5 Dan regrets not doing his homework. 2 marks for each correct answer Score /12
Dan .

end-of-year test 1 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary
7 Join the sentences using relative pronouns. Omit 10 Write a word with an opposite meaning.
the pronoun if possible.
1 biased
1 I’ve got an aunt. She works for the local council. 2 broadsheet
3 offender
2 The children were very noisy. Their parents had 4 innocent
gone out to a restaurant. 5 angry
6 harmless
3 The ice cream tasted delicious. I made it. 7 sell
8 win
4 I can’t remember a summer. The weather was as 9 strength
nice as this. 10
integrity

5 I went to a shopping centre. A famous pop star was
opening a music shop there. 11 Write a word for each definition.

1 a time of change in history or in someone’s life
/10
2 one of the 12 people who decide guilty or not guilty
at a trial
1 I enjoy current programmes. 3 feel pain really strongly
2 I’ve been taking these pills and I’m worried about 4 take advantage of the customer by selling
harmful side . something for too high a price
3 We studied how the respiratory works 5 tell someone not to forget something
in biology today.
4 I prefer soft like lemonade and cola.
5 Always put on sun before sunbathing. 12 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
6 Tim went on an exchange to
1 The media is changing rapidly these
Germany.
days.
7 I think you should relax and go with the
2 I often listen to the news on a on my
– nothing bad can happen.
laptop.
1 mark for each correct answer Score /7 3 It was a - report which
criticized a lot of people.
9 Complete the sentences with the correct
prepositions. 4 I have a bad and I feel a bit sick.
5 Dan was carrying a heavy full of
1 Tune to this programme on Radio
clothes and other belongings.
Secret next week.
6 Rome is usually full of taking
2 I’m ready lunch. I’m really hungry.
photographs.
3 Wendy was aware someone walking
7 Shirley is very - and
behind her.
ambitious. She has clear targets.
4 I’m excited next week’s party.
8 Some celebrities love being in the media
5 Amy passed during class. She was
.
unconscious for two minutes.
6 I’ll look you if you fall ill. 1 mark for each correct answer Score /8
7 We used all the matches lighting

candles, so we had to buy some more.
8 We spent two hours queueing tickets.
9 I’ll deal the mess. You can go home.
10 We walked for miles and ended in a
small village in the middle of nowhere.

End-of-year test 1 (plus) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
Russia’s most sensationalist newspaper

A In debt to one of Britain’s most notorious tabloids salacious scandals. Often its reporters beat the
for both its appearance and style, Zhizn is Russia’s police to the scene of a crime and its website has
most sensationalist newspaper. It is largely made regularly hosted surveillance camera footage of
up of lurid headlines and dramatic stories about shooting sprees and murders.
gangsters and sex scandals, and, just like The Sun, it
D A tough guy on the outside, but friendly and
feeds its readers a rich diet of human interest stories,
talkative once you get to know him, Zhizn’s editor
horoscopes and agony aunt columns. The biggest
belies his broken nose and boxer’s muscular
difference between the two look-a-like papers is
frame when he speaks. He is both articulate and
perhaps their attitude to politics. Zhizn is studious in
enthusiastic in his defence of tabloid journalism,
avoiding stories about Russia’s ruling party.
which he says is misunderstood and unfairly
B Frustrated by a dearth of tabloid talent in the criticized in Russia as being unethical and
Russian capital, the newspaper’s editor has recently unpleasant. He is adamant that journalism shouldn’t
started a journalism school for would-be hacks. be about writing artistic but boring articles – it’s
His aim is to tutor both staff reporters and aspiring about revealing the truth in a plain and exciting
young journalists from some of the capital’s best way. He argues that a great journalist is a man or
schools in exactly how to write in tabloid style. The woman who is able to feel the pull and emotion of
problem, as the editor sees it, is that while there a story, and who isn’t afraid to express an opinion.
are some extremely able journalists in Russia, they That’s why he has initiated the journalism school –
simply don’t know how to write in the earthy and the style and type of reporter he seeks is a far cry
attention-grabbing style of the popular press in the from the objective sort of journalist trained by the
West. Learning how to write witty and dramatic traditional schools.
headlines, and how to condense stories into a few
E Watching this hero of the tabloid form lecture on
words, is something that is new in a country where
the opening day of the journalism course is an
newspapers are traditionally serious and thorough.
interesting exercise in the tabloid journalist’s art. He
C Ten years on from its first issue, Zhizn, which works without notes, shouting and banging the table
roughly translates as ‘Life’, has a deserved at times, delivering his message in the condensed
reputation across Russia for breaking news. It prides and dramatic style of a typical tabloid article. And,
itself on exclusives and on pulling no punches when for the most part, his new pupils look keen to learn.
it comes to revealing details of horrific crimes or
answers. 1 famous in a negative way.
2 very careful.
1 Students at the new school of tabloid journalism
3 lack.
have never worked on a newspaper before.
4 plain and simple.

5 very different from.
2 Russia has a tradition of tabloid journalism.
/15
3 The writer thinks Zhizn is good at producing 4 Write a composition on ONE of the following
sensationalist stories. topics. Write between 120–150 words.

1 Which newspaper do you read? What are the
5 marks for each correct answer Score /15 strengths and weaknesses of the newspaper?
2 ‘The style of tabloid journalism is more interesting
to read than the style of journalism in serious
1 In what ways is Zhizn similar to The Sun? newspapers.’ Discuss.

50 marks Score
/50
2 How is the editor described?


End-of-year test 1 (plus) – multiple choice
Name: Score: /100
1 Zhizn is similar to The Sun in that … 5 Zhizn’s editor considers journalists in Moscow to
a it is very much in debt, just like The Sun. be …
b its readers tend to be quite rich. a not very good at writing articles.
c the way it looks is comparable. b extremely good writers for tabloids.
d it has no agony aunt columns. c not good at writing concisely and
dramatically.
2 Zhizn is different from The Sun in that it …
d not very thorough in their approach.
a has more sensationalist stories.
b tends not to criticize the government. 6 In Russia, people think Zhizn is good at …
c avoids things like cartoons and horoscopes. a being the first to a story.
d investigates crime in more depth. b providing analysis of the big stories.
c punching well above its weight.
3 The editor began the tabloid school because he …
d giving more detail than other papers.
a wants to recruit most of his staff from top
schools. 7 According to the editor, journalists should be …
b doesn’t think there are any good journalists of a expressive and artistic.
any kind in Russia. b emotional and plain-spoken.
c thinks the Western tabloid style is new in c well-informed and objective.
Russia and needs learning. d truthful and critical.
d believes it will be a money-making enterprise.
8 The editor’s lectures are comparable to the style
4 The journalism school is … used in tabloids because he …
a for people already working for Zhizn as well a speaks at length.
as for people who want to get into journalism. b has detailed notes.
b mainly for people who have already studied c shows his emotions.
at a more traditional journalism school. d is enthusiastic to learn.
c only for people from the best schools with
real aspirations to work on tabloids.
d largely for hacks who are already established
in the business.
1 Which newspaper do you read? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the newspaper?
2 ‘The style of tabloid journalism is more interesting to read than the style of journalism in serious
newspapers.’ Discuss.
60 marks Score
/60
End-of-year test 2 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary
Name: Score: /100
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the 4 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Include the
verbs in brackets. Use continuous forms if agent where necessary.
possible.
1 A scientist discovered electricity in the eighteenth
century.
Last summer, Claire (1) (fly) to

Venice for a week’s holiday. Although she
2 Some people deliver thousands of pizzas every day.
(2) (visit) the city before, she

really wanted to go again. When she got there,
3 An armed gang have robbed the national bank.
it (3) (rain) all that morning, but

the ancient buildings (4) (be)
4 Nobody cleaned our car yesterday.
still beautiful. Recently, Claire (5)
We
(spend) all her weekends planning her next trip.
5 A man is delivering the post at this moment.
She’d like to go somewhere she (6)

(not travel) to before.

/10
2 Write sentences using the prompts. Use the verbs in brackets.
continuous forms if possible.
1 It’s a bit wet at the moment, but if it
1 They / close / the school / when I got there / so I / (be) sunny later, we (go) for a picnic.
not go in. 2 I’m glad Rachel made it, but what
you (do) if she (not
2 Sue / see / the film / yet? / Perhaps she / see / it / manage) to get there on time?
last night. 3 I (not come) unless Jerry really
(want) me to. Tell him to call me.
3 Gordon / do / his homework / all morning. / He / 4 If Sue (say) something earlier we
nearly / finish / it. (make) other arrangements. Now it’s
too late.
4 Yesterday morning, I / only / jog / for ten minutes / 5 I (help) if I (have) the
when I / suddenly / slip and fall. time, but I’m too busy.

5 Sharon / not wait / very long / when / we arrive.
6 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate reporting
verbs. Don’t use say or tell.
1 ‘What time did you get up yesterday morning?’ said
3 Complete the sentences with appropriate modal Sam.
verbs in the correct form.

1 Robert done some shopping. Now 2 ‘You’d better call Frank,’ said Steve.
there’s nothing to eat in the house.
2 You eat more vegetables. It’s a good 3 ‘Don’t shout inside this building,’ said Ray.
idea because they’re good for you.
3 She practise the piano every evening, 4 ‘Why don’t we go walking in the mountains?’
but she can if she wants to. said Pam.
4 I’ve no idea where Joe is but he gone
to the park. I’ll text him and find out. 5 ‘Could you close the window for me?’ said
5 To fly abroad, you have a ticket and a Marianne.
valid passport.
1 mark for each correct answer Score /5 2 marks for each correct answer Score
/10
end-of-year test 2 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary
7 Join the sentences using relative pronouns. Write 10 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
1 Popular newspapers are called and
1 Paula is a good friend. She is kind and generous. serious ones are called .
2 A news is shown when important
2 Harry Smith lives at the corner of the street. His breaking news comes in, and a news
parents run the newsagent’s shop. is a regular, short news programme.
3 The is a general word for newspapers
3 Mahogany is a wood. It grows in tropical forests. and journalists, and broadcast
describes TV, radio and internet communication.
4 1968 was an interesting year. The flower power 4 steal from houses and
revolution took place then. steal from banks.
5 Modern medicine, when it is successful, is said to
5 Cambridge is an attractive town. There are a lot of diseases and wounds.
university buildings there.
/10

1 the situation when a leading politician talks to a
group of journalists
1 The accident was a turning in my life. 2 a satirical impersonation
2 I enjoy channel . I rarely just watch 3 describes someone who is good at understanding
one channel on TV all evening. things or making decisions based on feelings
3 His immune rejected the transplant.
4 I have food . I’ve been sick all day. 4 someone the police think may have committed a
5 Buying things second is much crime
cheaper than buying them new. 5 the sense that you use your nose for
6 I took my sleeping with me when I 6 a minor crime
went camping – it’s warm and comfortable.
7 The exchange between the dollar and
the euro isn’t very good at the moment. 12 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
8 What makes Julie ? I really don’t
1 Jim found some great pictures on one of the
understand her at all.
on a website about Australia.
1 mark for each correct answer Score /8 2 Have you seen today’s ? There’s
been a serious train crash.
3 Tony is - in a crisis. He
1 I think tabloids dumb the news. always stays calm and organized.
2 I’m addicted coffee. I drink too much. 4 Wendy is - . She knows
3 My parents were worried me because what she wants and doesn’t give up.
I didn’t ring to say I was going to be late. 5 Sally the cost of the holiday. She
4 Henry was found guilty burglary. hadn’t saved enough money.
5 Jo took hours to come after the 6 I love getting away from cities and walking in the
operation. . I love trees, fields and small villages.
6 I picked a cold while I was on holiday. 7 Lots of go to the seaside in August.
7 Shelley took the jumper to the shop 8 We bought a that told us about
because it was the wrong size. places of interest and places to eat or stay.
8 I can’t choose the fish or the chicken. 9 Jill is very and loves meeting people.
9 Sarah is always complaining her job. 10 Iberia is a major Spanish which has
10 I don’t know how you put with Joan. flights to destinations all over the world.
1 mark for each correct answer Score /10 1 mark for each correct answer Score /10
End-of-year test 2 (plus) – reading and writing
Name: Score: /100
Are you the sort of person who could live abroad?

A The idealistic dream of escaping the narrow borders be potentially disastrous. In our lives in our home
of their own country and finding a new, more culture, we have all sorts of people to call on to
rewarding life in a distant land is something that help us, but in a new life it is necessary to seek out
appeals to many people. This is particularly true in this sort of support. In fact, it’s important to make
Britain where a recent poll suggested that over half friends locally with people from the new culture
the population had considered life abroad at some and with fellow ex-pats – one in order to integrate
point. Perhaps it’s the wet weather … into the new culture, the other in order to have a
fellow passenger who understands how you feel.
B Such idealism, however, needs to be tempered
with an awareness that abandoning friends, family D There are other important ways of making sure the
and a familiar culture for a lifestyle that may well stress of living abroad doesn’t get to you. It is often
prove radically different is something that can affect the case that people who jet off to new places have
both health and happiness. Expatriate life can be a rose-tinted view of their new home, and this can
isolating and demanding and some personality cause problems. There’s nothing wrong with falling
types are simply not suited to tackling such changes. in love with the idea of living somewhere exotic and
Notwithstanding the uniqueness of our individual exciting, but being aware of the place’s downside is
personalities, it is possible to classify us all into important. If your dream location proves not to have
certain general types, and some of these ‘types’ the services and facilities you have come to expect,
may respond negatively to new surroundings. An then a dream can quickly turn into a nightmare.
example of this would be thrill-seekers who are too Consequently, planning meticulously is absolutely
reckless when faced with new situations, or those essential because you need to have realistic
who are naturally anxious and who may simply be expectations of what life will actually be like in
overcome by the stress of living somewhere new. your new home. You should chat on web forums to
people who have already moved and you should
C One particular personality type – labelled type
read everything you can. It’s also important to make
D – is notably unsuited to changing to a new life.
sure you have things to do when you’re there, such
This sort of person is not only prone to stress but
as having a sport or hobby to do, just to release all
reluctant to call on others to help out. And that can
that emotional and physical tension.
answers. 1 modified so as not to be too extreme.
2 acting in a thoughtless and dangerous way.
1 Few British people consider emigrating.

3 people who live permanently in a foreign culture.
2 Moving abroad may make you miserable.

4 a viewpoint that is unrealistic.
3 Some people are likely to find living abroad more
5 extremely carefully.
difficult because of what they are like.
/20
4 At first, in a new country, you should make an effort 4 Write a composition on ONE of the following
to make friends with only local people. topics. Write between 120–150 words.

5 marks for each correct answer Score /20 2 Imagine someone from abroad is coming to live in
your home town. Write an email advising them on
where to live and what to do in your town.
1 People want to go and live abroad because
50 marks Score
/50
.
2 Before moving abroad, you should make sure you
are aware of .

End-of-year test 2 (plus) – multiple choice
Name: Score: /100
1 According to the text … 6 When planning to move abroad it’s best to avoid
a the main reason Britons move abroad is the the mistake of …
weather. a choosing to live somewhere too exotic or too
b a majority of Britons have thought about exciting.
emigrating. b not knowing what amenities the place has
c living abroad has less appeal in Britain than before going.
elsewhere. c jetting off to very distant places.
d over half the British population has lived d being too influenced by what people say in
abroad at one time. books and on websites.
2 A downside of living abroad is that … 7 Planning is important when going to live abroad
a your friends may feel abandoned. because it …
b you could feel very alone. a allows you to know what to expect.
c it could prove very expensive. b is the best way of avoiding expense.
d it may feel too much like home. c gives you something to do.
d is a means of finding a new home.
3 According to the text, one group of people likely to
find it hard to adapt to a new life abroad are … 8 The writer suggests …
a loners who like isolated places. a falling in love.
b those with lots of family back home. b taking up sport.
c those who always want to do exciting things c doing an unusual hobby.
all the time. d reading lots of novels.
d people who may be unhealthy.
4 Type D personalities typically …
a are reckless in new situations.
b seek support for stress problems.
c often wish to change lifestyles.
d get anxious but try to deal with it alone.
5 When you first move abroad it’s best to …

a meet people and make friends gradually.
b make friends with only local people who
know the culture well.
c meet a mixture of people, including some
who have moved there as well as people who
have always lived there.
d make friends with passengers who travelled
out with you.

2 Imagine someone from abroad is coming to live in your home town. Write an email
advising them on where to live and what to do in your town.
60 marks Score
/60
Tests (PLUS) answer Key
Unit test 1 3 1 condensed 2 hurling abuse Reading and writing

1 1 received / hasn’t filled 3 lurid 4 intruding 1 1 False. ‘Although barely
2 just opened / saw 5 dishing out registering in recent headlines’
3 haven’t known / have already had 4 1 They were smaller in size 2 False. ‘police officers have
4 did you watch / Did you see and included shorter, more started visiting schools to advise
sensationalist human-interest young people … on the streets.’
5 has she owned / didn’t sell
stories. 3 True. ‘they ought to avoid making
2 1 many times 2 yet 2 It can leave its readers poorly calls in the street’
3 for about three hours informed because it only gives 4 False. ‘the 10–15 age group is
4 already 5 all morning brief details about a story. most at risk’
3 1 Emily hasn’t opened all her 5 Students’ own answers. 5 False. ‘in my opinion, it seems
Christmas presents yet. sensible to learn self-defence
2 I have just lost my wallet. Multiple choice early’
3 How long has she been waiting 1 1 c 2 c 3 d 4 c 5 b 2 1 Local authorities have introduced
here? 6 c 7 d 8 b safety initiatives for young people
4 Susan has been watching DVDs because crime rates against
all afternoon. young people are growing.
5 I have had this watch since 2008. 2 According to the organizers, the
Unit test 2 aim of self-defence courses for
6 Miriam has already washed all
the dishes. 1 1 shouldn’t/ought not to children is to teach them how to
2 have to avoid personal injury if attacked.
7 Dan has been redecorating his
bedroom since lunchtime. 3 doesn’t have to/needn’t 3 1 barely 2 spiralling
4 don’t have to/needn’t 3 sparked 4 tech-savvy
4 1 had been painting
5 has to/must 5 premature
2 had been standing
3 had cleared 4 had fallen 2 1 We needn’t wear a shirt. 4 Students’ own answers.
5 had you been sitting 2 Students mustn’t use phones in
class. Multiple choice
5 1 channel hop 2 dumb down
3 Jill may/might/could come to 1 1 d 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 c
3 turning point 4 era Joe’s birthday party. 6 c 7 b 8 d
5 news flash 4 You should/ought to get a part-
6 1 to buy 2 to record time job.
3 listening 4 going 5 Ryan has to/must take his
medicine twice a day.
Unit test 3
7 1 skim 2 tabloids
1 1 will be found
3 factors 4 in 3 1 mustn’t
2 is being carried out
5 conference 2 must have
3 has been done
3 needn’t have
Reading and writing 4 was being shown
4 should/ought to
1 1 False. ‘a newspaper that had 5 have been presented
5 had to
been condensed to roughly 6 had been switched
4 1 kidnap 2 juror 3 bailiff
half the extent of a normal 2 1 A new gene that controls hair
broadsheet’ 4 curious 5 hear
growth has been discovered.
2 True. ‘now they tend to be a bit 5 1 I’m sure he must have run really 2 Their new album was released
thicker but no larger than their fast. last weekend.
downmarket “popular” rivals’ 2 He shouldn’t have shouted at her. 3 Music is being taught to the
3 True. ‘people have been hurling 3 She might/may/could have fallen younger students.
abuse at tabloids for only telling down the stairs. 4 His neck could have been broken
one side of a story’ 4 That’s why she can’t have done on that trampoline.
4 True. ‘most people want to read badly in the exam. 5 The newspapers are all going to
thrilling stories about sex, crime 5 I’m not certain but they might/ be recycled.
and disaster, not in-depth articles may/could have gone to the
and debates about current 3 1 a It is said that global warming
cinema.
affairs’ is getting worse.
6 1 cool-headed 2 single-minded b Global warming is said to be
2 1 The sort of stories found 3 public-spirited 4 hard-hitting getting worse.
in a tabloid are blatantly
5 cold-hearted 2 a It is said that recovery after
sensationalist human-interest
7 1 of 2 about 3 to treatment has improved in
stories about sex, crime and
recent years.
disaster. 4 for 5 of
b Recovery after treatment
is said to have improved in
reducing important social or
recent years.
political stories to a simple and
colourful headline.
Tests (PLUS) answer key
3 a It is said that a great flu 4 1 This new vaccine is different 2 True. ‘As consumers have
epidemic is inevitable. because it attacks a different become increasingly concerned
b A great flu epidemic is said to region of the HIV virus which is about comparing prices and
be inevitable. known to infect our cells and finding bargains, the lower
which is similar across the many prices found on the internet have
4 1 Robert had/got his hair cut
variants of the virus. This means resulted in a huge growth in its
yesterday.
it can attack many more of the share of the retail market.’
2 William has already had his bike
different variants of the HIV virus. 3 False. ‘Experts in the retail
fixed.
5 Students’ own answers. industry say that ... online
3 Amy has had her bathroom shopping will continue to
painted.
Multiple choice increase its market share.’
4 Jo is going to have/get her eye
checked tomorrow. 1 1 b 2 d 3 d 4 a 5 a 2 1 … the economic downturn has
6 c 7 a 8 c affected their spending power.
5 Will Brian have his car washed
2 … will go down as retailers
later? 2 Students’ own answers.
won’t want to spend millions on
5 1 cough 2 pass out building new stores.
3 painless 4 taste Unit test 4 3 … they are comfortable with
5 headache 1 1 wouldn’t work / didn’t need and knowledgeable about the
6 1 dizzy 2 effects 3 round 2 would you give / won internet.
4 after 5 fever 3 will ruin / spill 3 1 sector
4 were / would buy 2 downturn/recession/slump
7 1 incurable 2 painful
5 won’t go / starts 3 diverted 4 frugality
3 hopeless 4 unavoidable
6 loses / will she find 5 wandering
5 unpredictable
2 1 If I had read the book I would 4 1 The economic downturn has
Reading and writing have known what the film was meant that people have less
1 1 False. ‘the realization that a cure about. money to spend and shopping
may have actually been found by 2 If Jo hadn’t arrived late she would online is cheaper.
a disparate group of researchers, have had time for lunch. 2 Major companies are spending
many of them California-based’ 3 If Tim had studied very hard he more money on developing
2 False. ‘The problem was that no wouldn’t have failed the exam. online shopping and less money
one could work out how they 4 Daniel would have some money if on new stores.
managed to stay immune.’ he hadn’t lost his wallet. 3 They may be taken over by high-
3 False. ‘the development of a 5 The children wouldn’t have been street giants like Wal-Mart.
vaccine is only a first step’ hungry if they had had something 5 Students’ own answers.
4 True. ‘the antibodies have to eat.
targeted a completely new region 3 1 provided that 2 even if Multiple choice
of the HIV virus’ 3 As long as 4 unless 1 1 b 2 b 3 d 4 b 5 d
2 1 akin to 2 immune 5 Even if 6 a 7 b 8 c
3 isolated 4 targeted 4 1 I wish I didn’t feel tired. 2 Students’ own answers.
5 variants 2 If only he didn’t live so far away.
3 1 Finding a cure for AIDS has been 3 If only he had taken his medicine Unit test 5
one of the greatest challenges in this morning. 1 1 ‘I won’t go to your party this
modern medical science. 4 I wish we had some tickets. evening,’ said Sarah.
2 The breakthrough the Californian 5 I wish she wouldn’t use my hair 2 ‘You have to wear a suit next
researchers made was to isolate brush all the time. Saturday,’ said John.
two antibodies that can be used
5 1 save 2 running costs 3 ‘Have you found my wallet?’
to stop many of the HIV virus’s
3 rip off 4 second hand asked Danny.
forms.
5 haggle 4 ‘Don’t touch my bike,’ said Frank.
3 Having discovered the
antibodies, researchers now 5 ‘I didn’t see my sister yesterday,’
6 1 away 2 up 3 back
need to do some careful said Paula.
4 on 5 up
testing to see if people in the 2 1 Donna asked if we had been
general population can produce 7 1 preference 2 consumerism waiting there long.
protective antibodies. 3 popularity 4 attraction 2 Rowan said the children had
4 The reason why it’s been hard Reading and writing come home late the night before.
to cure the HIV virus is because 3 Grant asked where she had left
it has so many forms that it’s 1 1 False. ‘there has been one their car.
difficult to attack all of them. sector of the retail economy
4 Henry said he was going to work
that seems to have gained from
harder the following month.
the recession, and that’s online
shopping’ 5 Felicity said she couldn’t swim
very well.
6 Phil asked if Sophie’s parents Multiple choice 3 False. ‘make money by charging
knew where she was. high-street retailers to advertise
1 1 a 2 d 3 a 4 a 5 b
7 Paul said he had been there the products on their webpages’
6 b 7 d 8 c
night before. 2 1 … buying sweets from a local
8 Anna said she hoped I/we would 2 Students’ own answers. shop then selling them at a
enjoy the party the following day. higher price in the playground.
3 1 Ian asked/told Emma to bring her
Unit test 6 2 … they get discounts and special
bag. 1 1 who 2 where 3 which offers.
2 Colin suggested ordering a 4 whose 5 when 3 … investing in his business.
takeaway. 2 1 Grant lives in a house in the 3 1 typical 2 shrewd
3 Joe told me/us not to use that country which doesn’t have any 3 a bit of a whizz
towel. running water. 4 spark 5 tidy profit
4 Dad told Louise to do her 2 I’ll always remember the
homework. 4 1 He puts the money back into the
summer’s day when I first met
business.
4 1 Carl apologized for losing my Marta.
2 It charges high-street retailers
watch. 3 Joanne works in my local dental
to advertise products on its
2 Janice advised me to to go on a surgery, where they carry out a
webpages, and customers sign
diet. lot of new techniques.
up and buy products through the
3 Ivan warned the tourists to wear 4 I know a baker whose bread websites.
a lifejacket. tastes absolutely fantastic.
5 We walked as far as the ancient 5 Students’ own answers.
4 Philippa admitted not having any
money. lighthouse, which was right on Multiple choice
5 Tom agreed to buy me a ticket. the edge of the sea.
1 1 a 2 d 3 c 4 c 5 c
5 1 extra-curricular 2 queue 3 1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met
6 b 7 b 8 a
while I was on holiday. D
3 inter-continental 4 tent 2 Students’ own answers.
2 Dan is an interpreter who works
5 book/reserve 6 chronicle
for the United Nations in New
6 1 makers 2 between York. D End-of-term test 1
3 pack 4 for 5 cream 3 My grandmother is only 50 years 1 1 decided / hadn’t seen
7 1 multi 2 over 3 under old, which is still quite young 2 has lost / lost
4 re 5 extra 6 inter really. ND
3 hasn’t swum / hasn’t had
4 We travelled on a steam train,
4 didn’t last / won
Reading and writing which was fun. ND
5 has had / was
1 1 You should consider going 5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton
6 did they buy / have they had
somewhere that is inexpensive dress, which her mother had
made. ND 7 felt / had forgotten
to go to by plane, and cheap to
8 have you known / Did you meet
travel in and stay in when you get 4 1 about / Art is a subject about
there. 9 made / knew
which he knows a lot.
2 They should get discount cards 10 woke / hadn’t set
2 to / To whom were you talking?
in order to get cheap bus and 3 about / That’s the book about 2 1 did you last see
train fares and should stay in which I was telling you. 2 had forgotten
cheap places like youth hostels. 4 for / Peter Grove is the manager 3 had been painting
3 They are expensive, heavy to for whom I used to work. 4 hasn’t done
carry and you can do better 5 of / Kelly is someone of whom I 5 have you broken
things like keeping a blog. have a low opinion. 6 has been staying
2 1 roughing it 2 low on funds 5 1 reluctance 2 adaptable 7 has lost
3 be alert for 3 sensitive 4 earn 5 miss 8 have seen
4 off the beaten track
6 1 initiative 2 integrity 3 1 How long have you been staying
5 lighten her wallet
3 reluctance 4 dishonesty at the campsite?
3 1 False. ‘actually you can go 5 strength 2 We have been here since
places on surprisingly little’ Monday.
2 True. ‘go for the one with the 7 1 with 2 flow 3 up
3 What part of the holiday have you
cheaper flight, and that’s Mexico’ 4 up 5 earn
enjoyed the most?
3 True. ‘eat local food rather Reading and writing 4 Well, I have tried windsurfing
than heading for the nearest three times.
McDonald’s’ 1 1 False. ‘made a profit... Our
5 Really? What other sports have
4 False. ‘not to lighten her wallet or pockets would be full of coins by
you been doing this week?
weigh down her backpack with the end of lunchtime’
pointless ornaments’ 2 False. ‘envisaged other 4 1 shouldn’t/ought not to 2 can’t
entrepreneurial schemes, 3 has to/must
4 Students’ own answers. including starting their own 4 needn’t/doesn’t have to
bicycle repair service’ 5 could/might/may
6 doesn’t have to/needn’t 2 The owner probably didn’t 3 It is predicted that the cost
7 must/have to believe Joe’s excuse because he of treatment will rise in some
was holding a hammer and there countries.
5 1 must 2 should/ought to
were stolen goods all over the 4 The rise of online shopping will
3 can’t 4 may/might/could floor. be affected as today’s teenagers
5 needn’t 3 A neighbour explained that she become grown-ups.
6 1 They needn’t get up very early. hadn’t responded when she 5 It is said that this hot weather will
2 Paul must have gone to bed by first heard noises because she continue all summer.
now. thought her neighbours were
7 1 The neighbours have had their
3 Stuart has to work on Sunday having their house renovated.
house renovated.
mornings. 3 1 bungled 2 a laughing stock 2 Is Susan going to have/get her
4 Karen can’t be at work. She’s at 3 hapless 4 strolling carpet cleaned?
home. 5 predicament 3 Vera had/got her fortune told.
5 We mustn’t/can’t use a dictionary 4 Moira is having fallen branches
in the exam. cleared away from her garden.
6 The weather may/might/could Multiple choice 5 I will have/get my dining room
get better tomorrow. redecorated next month.
1 1 c 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 c
7 Penny should/ought to save 6 b 7 c 8 c
more of her pocket money. 8 1 If I had had some money I would
2 Students’ own answers. have bought something in the
8 We mustn’t run in the corridors.
sales.
9 You should/ought to wear a scarf
on a chilly day. End-of-term test 2 2 As long as it doesn’t rain later we
will go for a picnic.
10 Peter needn’t get a part-time job. 1 1 went / hadn’t been
3 If Robert hadn’t fallen asleep he
7 1 must have lost 2 lost / hasn’t found
wouldn’t have missed the film.
2 shouldn’t have stayed 3 met / had seen
4 Unless Sandy studies more,
3 must/has to leave 4 have you visited / did you like she’ll fail the exam.
4 can’t have seen 5 got / has gone 5 If Paul hadn’t been working hard
5 might/may not be 2 1 Sally has just got home this all day, he wouldn’t have been so
6 should have done minute. tired.
2 How long have you been waiting 9 1 I wish I wasn’t lonely.
8 1 debate 2 skim
here? 2 If only he wouldn’t practise every
3 broadsheets 4 burgle
3 James hasn’t seen any good evening.
5 statement 6 misdemeanour films recently. 3 If only she had got up early this
9 1 in 2 to 3 for 4 Has Gareth just broken his leg? morning.
4 about 5 of 5 Sue had been crying for 20 4 I wish we knew some people here.
10 1 flash 2 minded 3 casts minutes before someone asked if 5 If only he wouldn’t complain
4 spirited 5 spoken she was OK. about my cooking.
6 hearted 7 front 8 lines 3 1 shouldn’t 2 has to/must 10 1 dumb 2 felt 3 came
11 1 to buy 2 to send 3 eating 3 don’t have to/needn’t 4 rip 5 give
4 meeting 5 to say 4 mustn’t 5 may/might/could
11 1 of 2 down 3 about
4 1 was won 4 over 5 out 6 out
Reading and writing 2 haven’t been found 7 up 8 off 9 up
10 back
1 1 True. ‘The laces of one of his 3 will be built 4 is being served
trainers caught in the top of the 12 1 plain-speaking 2 organ
5 have been removed
window frame’ 3 nauseous 4 cash
5 1 A Mayan temple has recently 5 profitable
2 False. ‘aware that Joe had been
been excavated in the forest.
up to no good by breaking into
the house’ 2 Interesting art work is being Reading and writing
designed for the exhibition. 1 1 False. ‘one in 20 Americans ...
3 False. ‘Joe did his best to
persuade the owner to release 3 All the rubbish bins are going to is a compulsive buyer ... plenty
him, claiming that he had ended be emptied. of people here fall into a similar
up as he was because he’d 4 My key may have been lost when category’
heroically been chasing the real I was dancing.
2 True. ‘Being a shopaholic is the
burglar.’ 5 The classroom was being tidied butt of countless sit-com jokes’
4 True. ‘at first, had thought that when I arrived.
3 True. ‘men, regardless of their
her neighbours were having 6 1 It is said that researchers have social class, are just as prone to
home repairs carried out’ made incredible scientific the disorder’
2 1 Passers-by didn’t help Joe breakthroughs in recent years.
2 Robbie Williams is said to be
2 1 racks 2 reveal 3 absurd
because they realized that he
was a burglar in the middle of performing here later tonight. 4 condoning 5 prone to
carrying out a crime. 3 1 … if you buy lots of things you
never use.
2 … making a joke about it. 3 Fiona said she had broken her 3 Dan spends time learning about
3 … advertisements, credit cards wrist the previous day. the island’s ecology so that
and welcoming shops. 7 1 Mr Smith told Amanda to put her he can help encourage diving
4 … they are less likely to ask mobile phone away. companies to invest.
for help, and are often called 2 Sue advised Andy to watch less 3 1 coveted 2 tongue-in-cheek
‘collectors’. TV. 3 splashing
4 Students’ own answers. 3 Jim apologized for forgetting to 4 has his work cut out 5 smash
bring the tickets. 4 It is Dan’s job to write a daily blog,
Multiple choice 4 Debbie suggested going out make videos and take photos to
1 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 d 5 d later. put online in order to advertise the
6 c 7 b 8 a 5 Josephine asked Sally to clean place. He also has to engage in
2 Students’ own answers. the bathroom. PR-related duties, including meeting
8 1 which 2 whose 3 where politicians, giving speeches, talking
End-of-term test 3 4 which 5 where 6 when to tourism representatives and
meeting travellers from around the
1 1 How long have they been sitting 7 which 8 when 9 where
world.
over there? 10 which
2 Rebecca had been listening to
9 1 John, who is very friendly, is my
the radio just before Ben walked neighbour. Multiple choice
in. 2 The summer house, which
3 Has Claire met any interesting
1 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 c 5 b
belongs to my uncle, is situated 6 c 7 c 8 b
people recently? on a lake.
4 Has she owned her own 3 We went for a long walk along the 2 Students’ own answers.
apartment since August? seashore, where it is really lovely.
5 Rob had already washed his car 4 Brad Hughes, whose brother is in End-of-year test 1
when we got back. my class at school, was selected 1 1 sold / haven’t bought
2 1 shouldn’t have got to represent his region in the 2 has just found / had planned
2 can’t have gone championships. 3 had asked / had said
3 must/has to take 10 1 hop 2 of 3 effects 4 off 4 just got / hasn’t had
4 must be 5 must have swum 5 goods 6 fast 7 agent 5 twisted / has spent
3 1 Prizes are being presented to the 8 for 9 tick
10 up 2 1 have you been staying
successful students. 11 1 broadsheets 2 court 2 have been
2 All the letters are going to be 3 purchase 4 multilingual 3 Have you enjoyed
posted tomorrow. 5 hitchhike 6 outgoing 4 hadn’t expected
3 Janet’s bag may have been lost 5 have you been doing
12 1 predictable 2 procedure
during the taxi journey home. 6 have walked
3 popularity 4 oversleep
4 The old swimming pool has been 7 have been snorkelling
closed down. 5 strength
8 had tried
5 The station won’t be reached Reading and writing
until midnight. 3 1 Graham must be waiting at the
1 1 True. ‘he beat thousands of bus stop.
4 1 hadn’t spent 2 will win applicants’ 2 Wayne may/might/could have
3 doesn’t rain 4 had 2 True. ‘he hadn’t realized his face lost the game yesterday.
5 will they stay 6 knew would be in every newspaper in 3 You needn’t buy a ticket.
5 1 Diana said she hadn’t taken the Australia’
4 You mustn’t drive when drunk.
bus the day before. 3 False. ‘You’d expect someone
5 Dan should have done his
2 The shop assistant asked us if we in my position to have loads of
homework.
were looking for something then. qualifications’
4 False. ‘I barely have enough time 4 1 will be posted 2 are baked
3 Ruth said the car had broken
to work on my tan’ 3 was stolen 4 are being filled
down the previous Saturday.
5 False. ‘As global tourism figures 5 hasn’t been paid
4 They told us they were going to
help them the following day. continue to fall because of the 5 1 have / will 2 would / have / had
worldwide economic downturn, 3 had / have 4 had / would
5 Fiona said she couldn’t see
Dan has his work cut out to
anything there. 5 would / have
attract visitors to his little bit of
6 Jo asked us where we played 6 1 Rosalind said she hadn’t seen
paradise’
tennis. the documentary the night
2 1 Dan got the job by putting
6 1 Tanya said they had spent two before.
together a video and ‘being
nights there the weekend before. 2 Penny told us not to sit on that
himself’ in interviews.
2 Bridget wondered whether sofa.
2 The reason for publicizing Dan’s
they would catch their flight the 3 Amy asked where she was going
appointment was to get some
following Thursday. the following day.
publicity for the island as a place
to go.
4 Pam suggested having a picnic Multiple choice 4 1968 was an interesting year
there that day. when the flower power revolution
1 1 c 2 b 3 c 4 a 5 c
5 Olive warned me not to go took place.
6 a 7 b 8 c
swimming the following night. 5 Cambridge is an attractive town
6 Bruce asked me to hold the door
2 Students’ own answers. where there are a lot of university
open for him. buildings.
End-of-year test 2 8 1 point 2 hopping 3 system
7 1 I’ve got an aunt who works for
the local council. 1 1 flew 2 had visited 4 poisoning 5 hand 6 bag
2 The children, whose parents had 3 had been raining 4 were 7 rate 8 tick
gone out to a restaurant, were 5 has been spending
9 1 down 2 to 3 about 4 of
very noisy. 6 hasn’t travelled
5 round 6 up 7 back
3 The ice cream I made tasted 2 1 They had closed the school when 8 between 9 about
10 up
delicious. I got there so I didn’t go in.
4 I can’t remember a summer when 10 1 tabloids/broadsheets
2 Has Sue seen the film yet?
the weather was as nice as this. Perhaps she saw it last night. 2 flash/bulletin 3 press/media
5 I went to a shopping centre 3 Gordon has been doing his 4 burglars/robbers 5 cure/heal
where a famous pop star was homework all morning. He has 11 1 press conference 2 parody
opening a music shop. nearly finished it. 3 intuitive 4 suspect
8 1 affairs 2 effects 3 system 4 Yesterday morning, I had only 5 smell 6 misdemeanour
4 drinks 5 cream 6 trip been jogging for ten minutes
12 1 webpages 2 headlines
7 flow when I suddenly slipped and fell.
3 cool-headed 4 single-minded
5 Sharon hadn’t been waiting very
9 1 in 2 for 3 of 4 about 5 underestimated 6 countryside
long when we arrived.
5 out 6 after 7 up 7 holidaymakers 8 guidebook
8 for 9 with
10 up 3 1 should have
9 outgoing
10 airline
2 ought to/should 3 needn’t
10 1 objective 2 tabloid 3 victim
4 might have 5 have to
4 guilty 5 cool-headed Reading and writing
6 harmful 7 buy 8 lose 4 1 Electricity was discovered in the 1 1 False. ‘over half the population
eighteenth century.
9 weakness 10 dishonesty had considered life abroad at
2 Thousands of pizzas are some point’
11 1 turning point 2 juror delivered every day.
2 True. ‘can affect both health and
3 suffer 4 rip off 5 remind 3 The national bank has been happiness. Expatriate life can be
12 1 broadcast 2 podcast robbed by an armed gang. isolating’
3 hard-hitting 4 headache 4 We didn’t have our car cleaned 3 True. ‘some of these “types”
5 backpack 6 sightseers by anybody yesterday. may respond negatively to new
7 single-minded 8 spotlight 5 The post is being delivered at this surroundings’
moment. 4 False. ‘it’s important to make
Reading and writing 5 1 is / will go friends locally with people from
1 1 False. ‘tutor both staff reporters 2 would you have done / hadn’t the new culture and with fellow
and aspiring young journalists ... managed ex-pats’
how to write in tabloid style’ 3 won’t come / wants 2 1 People want to go and
2 False. ‘Learning how to write 4 had said / would have made live abroad because they
witty and dramatic headlines, 5 would help / had idealistically dream of a more
and how to condense stories rewarding new life.
into a few words, is something 6 1 Sam asked what time I had got
2 Before moving abroad, you
that is new in a country where up the previous morning.
should make sure you are aware
newspapers are traditionally 2 Steve advised me to call Frank.
of the potential downside of the
serious and thorough.’ 3 Ray told us not to shout inside new place.
3 True. ‘a deserved reputation’ that building.
4 Pam suggested going walking in
3 1 tempered
2 1 Its appearance and style is 2 reckless
similar to that of The Sun, and, the mountains.
5 Marianne asked me to close the 3 ex-pats
like The Sun, it has dramatic
window for her. 4 rose-tinted
headlines and lots of human-
interest stories, horoscopes and 5 meticulously
7 1 Paula is a good friend who is kind
agony aunt columns. and generous. 4 Students’ own answers.
2 He is described as tough-looking 2 Harry Smith, whose parents run
but friendly, talkative, articulate the newsagent’s shop, lives at Multiple choice
and emotional. the corner of the street. 1 1 b 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 c
3 1 notorious 2 studious 3 Mahogany is a wood which 6 b 7 a 8 b
3 dearth 4 earthy grows in tropical forests.
5 a far cry from
LISTENING Test 1
Name: Score:
1 14 Read and listen to these words from the listening text. Make sure you know what they mean.
tap into use or get some benefit from a group of people
news agency a business that provides newspapers and television stations with news from around the world
commission officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you
footage film of a particular subject or event
portals websites that have links to other places
sound bite a short comment that is taken from a longer speech and broadcast alone because it is interesting
or effective
2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be about?
Presenter Hello and welcome to News Today. A recent report suggests that while teenagers don’t
actively go out of their way to access the news online, they will click on anything that seems
interesting, and that includes current news stories. So, the challenge for news organizations is to tap
into the teen market with news stories that appeal to adolescents. To talk about this topic is today’s
guest, Mark Jones, who is the producer of Newsline, one of the net’s major news providers.
3 15 Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.
1 Mark Jones’ news agency … 5 Teenagers are more likely to click on a news story
a is the largest news provider on the net. if …
b is the only agency to produce a report. a it has a funny title.
c is criticized strongly in the report. b it covers politics.
d was involved in the commissioning of the c it comes with images.
report. d they already know the story.
2 Mark says that what they have found out from the 6 The best way for news providers to catch the eyes
report is … of teenagers is to …
a not as useful as they had hoped. a use zappy graphics.
b an exciting opportunity for his agency. b use pop ups.
c something they already suspected. c improve their websites.
d that teens find news sites exciting. d make stories less complex.
3 The report shows that teenagers will click on news 7 News stories that don’t attract teenagers include …
stories … a the ones you find on large internet portals.
a only if they reflect their interests. b political stories and stories about public
b if they are half as long as regular articles. affairs.
c if they can report on them. c stories that are neither dramatic nor amusing.
d that are typical of what’s currently on news d speeches by leading politicians.
sites.
8 Mark says that news providers should avoid stories
4 The sort of thing that appeals to a teenager about a which …
news story includes … a are depressing and offer no hope.
a humour. b ask how teenagers are feeling.
b fantasy. c are about awful disasters.
c honesty. d upset teens by asking for their help.
d accuracy.
LISTENING Test 2
Name: Score:
interrogation the process of asking someone a lot of questions in an angry or threatening way, in order to
get information
suspect someone who the police believe may have committed a crime
isolated feeling alone and unhappy, with no friends to support you
trust a feeling of confidence in someone that shows you believe they are honest, fair and reliable
observe watch or study someone or something with care and attention in order to discover something
lie deliberately say something that is not true
Presenter Hello and welcome to Inside Story. On today’s show, we’ll be investigating how the police
force interrogates suspects. It’s a difficult and highly specialized job, and here to tell us all about it is
Detective Inspector Sara Cunningham.
1 According to DI Cunningham, interrogation rooms 6 In a typical interrogation, an interrogator is likely
should be … to …
a large and creepy. a start talking about a hobby or interest and
b white and empty. wait until the suspect brings up the crime.
c small and dark. b start with harmless questions about the crime
d real and comfortable. before asking tougher questions.
c start by talking about something unimportant
2 An interrogation room should make a suspect feel …
before asking about the crime.
a relaxed.
d discuss the crime in general terms first before
b uneasy.
demanding specifics.
c upset.
d trusting. 7 Watching a suspect’s eyes when they answer
questions is important because …
3 According to DI Cunningham, an interrogator
a if they move their eyes upwards it probably
should start an interrogation by …
means they are lying.
a asking the suspect about the crime.
b they move their eyes from left to right when
b not trusting what the suspect says.
they have to remember something.
c getting a suspect to feel you are like him or her.
c it’s really important to maintain eye contact.
d explaining why you are talking.
d their eyes move in different ways depending
4 A way of getting a suspect to talk a lot is to … on whether they are recalling or thinking
a chat about something you both have in about things.
common.
8 A suspect is probably telling the truth if you ask
b ask him or her to describe the crime in detail.
him or her to remember something and their eyes
c prepare careful questions to ask.
move …
d challenge what they say and make them
a to the right.
explain.
b to the left.
5 Getting suspects to start talking is a good idea c up.
because … d down.
a it’s difficult to lie once you’ve started talking.
b they are more likely to agree with you.
c they come across as harmless individuals.
d it enables you to listen and take detailed notes.
LISTENING Test 3
Name: Score:
practice a business that is owned and managed by a professional, e.g. a doctor or dentist
hygienist someone who helps a dentist by cleaning people’s teeth
appointment an arrangement to see someone at a particular time, especially for a meeting or to get a
professional service
shift a period of work time in a place where some people work during the day and some work at night
lecture a long serious talk that criticizes you or warns you about something, especially when this is annoying
floss to clean between your teeth with dental floss
2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be
about?
Presenter In our series on jobs in the modern world, we’ve looked at careers in law, engineering and
marketing. And today we’re talking to two health workers, Clive and Christina. One of them is a
dentist and the other a doctor.
1 In Clive’s dental practice, there are … 5 Christina doesn’t regret being a doctor because …
a seven employees. a she likes working weekends.
b three dentists. b her job is worth it.
c five employees. c she spends most of her time talking to
d four dentists. people.
d she has good patients.
2 Clive starts his mornings with …
a a meeting. 6 Christina chose to become a doctor because
b an appointment. she …
c a staff problem. a wanted to be a scientist.
d a cup of coffee. b liked studying hard.
c loved science but likes working with people.
3 In a typical week, Clive works …
d missed being with people.
a at the weekend.
b regular hours. 7 Clive decided to become a dentist because he …
c every other Friday. a likes being surrounded by patients.
d for only four days. b wanted to practise medicine.
c liked medicine but didn’t think patients
4 Christina works …
needed his attention.
a from 8 am till 8 pm.
d wanted to control his working day.
b from 8 am till 10 pm.
c through the night. 8 In the afternoons, Clive …
d day and night shifts. a spends a lot of time giving his patients
advice.
b does more complex operations.
c sees his regular patients.
d feels worried or bored by his patients’
reactions.
LISTENING Test 4
Name: Score:
fashion buyer person in the retail industry who decides what items will be stocked in a shop
leading designer an important, successful person who creates clothes
sample example or small amount of something that shows you what all of it is like
order request for a product to be made for you or delivered to you
budget the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on something
demand the amount of a product or service that people want, or the fact that they want it
trendy extremely fashionable, but often silly or annoying
Presenter On tonight’s edition of High Fashion, we’ll be talking to Maggie Ray, a fashion buyer for one of
the country’s leading chains of clothes stores. Maggie is obviously an expert in the world of fashion
and I, for one, am hoping to get some tips from her about what I should be wearing or looking out for
in the shops this spring.
1 In her job, Maggie … 5 When buying designs for her company, Maggie …
a has to meet thousands of women from all a has to check all the orders with her boss.
over the world. b can order whatever clothes she wants.
b helps some of the world’s leading experts c has to use particular designers.
design clothes. d has a limited amount of money to spend.
c organizes fashion shows in New York, Paris
6 How does Maggie describe fashion shows?
and Milan.
a She finds them impossible to describe.
d visits shows and designers to do deals to
b She finds it hard to get a ticket.
order new clothes.
c A lot of journalists come without tickets.
2 What does Maggie dislike most about her job? d There are too many photographers.
a dealing with designers
7 When Maggie arrived late for a fashion show,
b having to sit on planes so often
she …
c spending long days at fashion shows
a realized she’d lost her ticket.
d staying in boring hotels
b couldn’t get in.
3 What does Maggie say about meeting designers? c had lost her seat.
a She often has to spend all day with one d demanded a new seat.
designer.
8 What fashionable clothes does Maggie recommend
b She has a lot to do whenever she meets a
for the spring?
designer.
a short, full skirts
c She thinks being with designers is very
b shoes with a heel
glamorous.
c high-necked T-shirts
d She wishes she had more time with
d pullovers with no sleeves
designers.
4 On a business trip, Maggie generally spends the

evenings …
a going through samples.
b in meetings with designers.
c making orders for clothes.
d hanging out with models.
LISTENING Test 5
Name: Score:
stroll a slow walk for pleasure
tram a long narrow vehicle that travels along metal tracks in the middle of a street and is used as
public transport
jet lag the feeling of being very tired and sometimes confused because you have travelled on a plane
across parts of the world where the time is different
visa an official document or mark in your passport that allows you to enter or leave a country for a specific
purpose or period of time
simulate produce the features of something in a way that seems real but is not
deepen know or understand more about something
Presenter Believe it or not, after a Saturday spent travelling on the Trans-Siberian Express and a Sunday
in the Andean mountains of Peru, I wasted much of today wandering the streets of Berlin, Germany’s
capital city.
1 Where did the presenter ‘travel to’ online on 5 According to Steve, the purpose of virtual travel is
Sunday? to …
a Germany’s capital city a simulate the smell of places.
b Peru’s mountains b deepen the real experience.
c Siberia by train c help people decide if they want to travel to
d The wild west foreign places.
d help people make a real journey.
2 In Berlin, she …
a visited a well-known monument. 6 The presenter thinks that virtual travel …
b visited a world-class museum. a will decrease the number of people who
c took a trip up the TV tower. travel abroad.
d walked through the streets. b is a competition for real travel.
c is especially positive for people with financial
3 Which is NOT mentioned as a good thing about
problems.
virtual travel?
d will make people more curious about real
a It costs less than real travel.
travel.
b You can travel to different continents quickly.
c You never get tired. 7 According to Steve, tourism to foreign places
d You don’t need to carry any documentation. will …
a increase thanks to virtual travel.
4 According to Steve Forbes, virtual travel is not a
b be cheaper in the future.
replacement for real travel because …
c depend on the age of travellers.
a you can’t hear people speaking different
d depend on travel companies.
languages.
b it’s not exotic. 8 What effect may virtual travel have on real travel?
c you can’t meet people. a International flights will be reasonably priced.
d is not a genuine travel experience. b People will be more prepared to travel in the
real world.
c People will want to travel more.
d It will be cheaper to stay in foreign places.
LISTENING Test 6
Name: Score:
hilarious extremely funny
hopeless not skilful at all
gruesome extremely unpleasant or repulsive, horrific
disgusting extremely unpleasant
scrape remove something by pulling a hard tool across the surface it is on
pointless lacking any purpose or use
Presenter Welcome back to today’s phone-in. Today we’re asking, what’s the world’s worst job? We’ve
had a couple of hilarious suggestions from listeners already but we’d like to hear more. So, call 0788
444 5555 with your nominations. Right. We have Jenny on line one.
1 What was Jenny’s job? 5 What was the worst part of Amy’s job?
a She was a singer on a cruise ship. a the boredom of the routine
b She used to entertain passengers. b cleaning the conveyor belt
c For six months, she worked on a cruise ship. c putting eggs in boxes
d She was a sailor on a ship. d clearing out all the boxes
2 What was awful about Jenny’s job? 6 What does Amy say about the rotten eggs?
a Being at sea for so long was boring. a It was hard to get them off the belt.
b The entertainment was really poor. b The eggs used to fall off the belt and smash.
c She felt nauseous most of the time. c She had to scrape them off every day.
d Once, the ship rolled on its side. d They used to cause the conveyor belt to
break.
3 In his job, Matt had to …
a taste cat food. 7 What does Denis say about his job?
b check the nutritional content of the food. a He was hopeless at it.
c smell cat food. b It is the worst job he’s ever had.
d sell cat food. c It was really hard to do.
d It was a complete waste of time.
4 What did Matt wear to do the job?
a a pair of gloves 8 How much were the jumpers priced at by the end
b a particular type of boot of the first day when Denis did the job?
c his ordinary shoes a £18.99
d a white overcoat b £19.99
c £20.99
d £21.99
Speaking Test
Evaluation chart and assessment criteria

8–10 Very good attempt
5–7 Adequate attempt
0–4 Poor attempt
Name: Class:
Grammar 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8–10 Student uses a wide range of grammatical structures accurately
5–7 Student makes mistakes but these don’t impede comprehension of the overall message
0–4 Student uses a very limited range of grammatical structures. Student’s message is full of mistakes and is
unclear
Vocabulary 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8–10 Student uses appropriate vocabulary
5–7 Student uses a limited range of vocabulary but paraphrases successfully. Student makes minor mistakes
that confuse the message
0–4 Student uses a poor range of vocabulary. The message is confused
Speaking production 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8–10 Student produces extended utterances and uses appropriate connectors
5–7 Student knows what he/she wants to say but the flow of language is slightly disconnected
0–4 Message is difficult to follow and rather incoherent
Pronunciation 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8–10 There are no major difficulties with understanding the student’s utterance
5–7 There are some difficulties with understanding the student’s utterance but the overall message is
comprehensible
0–4 Problems with pronunciation make the message difficult to understand
Speaking interaction 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8–10 Student is able to initiate and engage in conversation
5–7 Student initiates conversation when prompted to and responds to questions from the examiner or another
student
0–4 Language is seriously restricted. Student shows little understanding of what the examiner or another
student says
Global achievement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8–10 The overall contribution puts little or no demand on the listener
5–7 The listener needs to engage with the student to clarify difficulties in comprehension. There is an
understandable, final message
0–4 The overall output from the student is confused and unclear. Student makes little or no effort to
communicate
Total score: / 60
Speaking Test 1
Name: Score: /60
Telling anecdotes
1 Look at the photographs and think about the answers to the questions below. Then describe the
photographs.
1 What are the people in the photos doing?

2 What sort of stories do you think they are telling or listening to?
3 In what ways are the speakers’ situations different, and how does that affect the way they tell their
stories?
4 In the bottom photo, how are the people who are listening reacting to the story?
5 What do people do and say when they hear a funny story?
2 Read the task and tell your own anecdote. Remember to describe what happened and say how
you felt and why.
Task
Tell a funny story about something that happened recently to you or one of your friends.
Speaking Test 2
Name: Score: /60
Expressing opinions
photographs.
1 What can you see in the photos?

2 Where is the graffiti?
3 In what ways are the graffiti in the photos different?
4 What sort of people produced the graffiti in the two photos?
5 Why do you think they produced this graffiti?
6 What is your reaction to the graffiti in each photo?
2 Read the task and express your opinion. Remember to say what you think and check that people
understand you.
Task
Painting graffiti is a crime and we should punish the people who do it. Discuss.
Speaking Test 3
Name: Score: /60
Agreeing and disagreeing

photographs.
1 What sort of alternative medical treatments can you see in the photos?
2 How do you think these treatments are supposed to work?
3 Where do people go to have these forms of treatment?
4 Why do people use these forms of treatment instead of more traditional medicine?
5 In your opinion, how effective are these forms of treatment?
2 Read the task and say whether you agree or disagree with the proposition. If you are working with
a partner, remember to check your understanding of their point of view.
Task
Alternative medical treatments such as reflexology and acupuncture should be offered by
our family doctors. Discuss.
Speaking Test 4
Name: Score: /60
Complaining
photographs.
1 Who are the people in the photos?

2 Where are they?
3 What do you think the people might be complaining about?
4 What are they saying and what is their tone of voice?
5 How do you think the other people will respond?
6 What do you think will happen as a result?
2 Read the task and make a complaint. Remember to state clearly what you expect and to be polite.
Task
Imagine you are a customer in one of the situations in the photos. Make a complaint.
Speaking Test 5
Name: Score: /60
Talking about choices

photographs.
1 Where are the people in the photos?

2 What sort of holiday are they on?
3 What are the people doing, and what do people typically do on these sorts of holiday?
4 What do people have to do to organize and plan each of these holidays?
5 Which of these sorts of holiday would you prefer to go on, and why?
2 Read the task and talk about your choice of holiday. Remember to use synonyms and paraphrase
when you don’t know the right word.
Task
Which sort of holiday would you prefer to go on – a beach holiday, a walking holiday or
an adventure holiday? Why?
Speaking Test 6
Name: Score: /60
Talking about advantages and

disadvantages
photographs.
1 Where are the people in the photos?

2 What are their jobs and what are they doing?
3 In what ways are the two jobs different?
4 What are the advantages of each job?
5 What are the disadvantages of each job?
6 How would you feel about doing each job?
2 Read the task and talk about the advantages and disadvantages of a job. Remember to
personalize the discussion by saying how you would feel.
Task
What sort of job would you like to do? What are the advantages and disadvantages of
this job?
LISTENING TESTS ANSWER KEY
Unit 1 Listening test Unit 3 Listening test Unit 5 Listening test

3 1 d 3 1 a 3 1 b
2 b 2 a 2 d
3 a 3 d 3 c
4 a 4 d 4 d
5 c 5 b 5 c
6 b 6 c 6 d
7 c 7 d 7 a
8 a 8 a 8 c
Unit 2 Listening test Unit 4 Listening test Unit 6 Listening test

3 1 b 3 1 d 3 1 c
2 b 2 b 2 c
3 c 3 b 3 c
4 a 4 c 4 b
5 a 5 d 5 b
6 c 6 c 6 a
7 d 7 c 7 d
8 a 8 d 8 b
AUDIOSCRIPTS
Unit 1 hits from teenagers as long as they’re the suspect’s trust, and the second is to
P Presenter M Mark dramatic or funny. One thing that get them talking.
news providers have to bear in mind P And how do I do that?
P Hello and welcome to News Today.
though is that teenagers often find S Well, we tend to trust people who are
A recent report suggests that while
the news stressful. Negative stories like us, who have similar interests and
teenagers don’t actively go out of
about disasters and wars in the world views to us. So, to start with, you could
their way to access the news online,
can really upset teens. I’m not saying try to find a hobby that you both like
they will click on anything that seems
we shouldn’t cover these stories, but or you could just agree with things the
interesting, and that includes current
instead of having a news story that suspect says. That way the suspect
news stories. So, the challenge for
says, ‘There’s a disaster – Isn’t it awful?’ starts to relax and thinks you’re on his
news organizations is to tap into the
we need stories that say, ‘There’s a or her side.
teen market with news stories that
disaster – How can we help? How P Right, and that’s when you try to get
appeal to adolescents. To talk about
do you feel about it?’ Teenagers hate them talking about the crime?
this topic is today’s guest, Mark Jones,
feeling hopeless.
who is the producer of Newsline, one of S That’s it, yes, you’re starting to get the
P Interesting … after the break Mark idea. Once someone starts talking,
the net’s major news providers.
will tell us more about how teenage even if it’s about nothing, it’s hard to
Hi, Mark. Can I start by asking what you
journalists are … stop, and even harder to start lying
make of the report?
M Well, our news agency was one when the officer changes the subject
of a number of organizations that
Unit 2 and begins to discuss the crime.
commissioned the report, so we’re P Presenter S Sara P OK. So, now that I have asked about
really excited about its findings. What P Hello and welcome to Inside Story. On the crime, how do I know if the suspect
teens told us was that as they browse today’s show, we’ll be investigating how is lying?
websites, they’ll click on anything the police force interrogates suspects. S Well, right from the start of the interview,
that catches their eye. If they find it It’s a difficult and highly specialized you should observe the suspect’s
interesting, there is a high probability job, and here to tell us all about it is reactions and work out how they
they will click on it. And that opens up Detective Inspector Sara Cunningham. respond in different situations.
a world of possibilities for organizations Welcome to the programme, Sara. P That doesn’t sound too easy!
like ours. S Thanks, I’m pleased to be here. S It isn’t easy, but there are ways. For
P In what way? P Sara, I’ve never been interrogated by example, when you ask the suspect
M It tells us that teens will read our news the police before … to remember something, you should
stories so long as we meet them S [laughs] observe what their eyes do – if the
halfway by reporting on stories they P … It’s true! … So, I want you to take pupils of their eyes move to the
like – and that means getting the topics me through the process from the right, it means they’re remembering
right, including fantastic video footage, beginning. What do I need to do before something.
showing funny or weird stuff, and telling I start? P If my eyes look to the right … you know
them new things they haven’t heard S Well, the first thing you should do is that I’m remembering?
about before. prepare the interrogation room or cell S Yes. And if you ask someone to think
P And how do you make sure your stories where the interrogation is going to take about something, they look upwards.
get their attention? place. You should set it up so that it P And how does that help?
M Well, organizations like ours have makes the suspect feel uncomfortable. S Well, if you ask, ‘What were you doing
been developing ever more zappy and In TV programmes or crime films, at eight o’clock yesterday?’ and the
complex news sites, and, although interrogation rooms often appear large suspect looks up, then you know
these might appeal to an adult and creepy, but in real life the best they’re thinking, not remembering, and
audience, they are pointless in terms interrogation rooms are small and it suggests that they’re going to lie …
of attracting teens. That’s because empty with white walls and no windows P Wow. That’s quite a technique. But
teenagers access large internet portals, or pictures. what if the suspect knows about those
not news websites. So what we have P Really? Why is that? tricks? Is there any other way we can
to do is develop news feeds which pop S Well, the main idea is to make the check if somebody is lying?
up on the sites where teens go. And suspect feel isolated and uneasy. In a S Well, there are other ways of catching a
these should of course be designed to bare room with no decoration there’s liar, but we need to keep a few secrets
interest teens. nothing to look at and our natural to ourselves!
P What sorts of news stories don’t work feeling is to want to get out. P Fair enough. After the break …
with teens? P So …?
M Well, you’d think that stuff like politics
and public affairs would be boring for
S Well, suspects are more likely to tell the Unit 3
truth if they feel on edge and out of their P Presenter Cl Clive Ch Christina
teens, but it isn’t if it’s presented in the natural environment.
right way. A sound bite … P In our series on jobs in the modern
P Hmm, sounds scary. OK, so let’s world, we’ve looked at careers in law,
P … a what bite? imagine I’m going to interrogate engineering and marketing. And today
M Sorry, it’s a media term. A sound bite is someone. How do I start? I mean, what we’re talking to two health workers,
a short phrase or sentence taken from do you say to a person when you are Clive and Christina. One of them is a
what somebody has said. It’s normally going to interrogate them? ‘Hello, how dentist and the other a doctor.
the bit that makes the strongest impact. are you?’ just doesn’t seem right.
Sometimes, even sound bites taken Hello and welcome to the studio.
S No, it isn’t. There are two things you
from a political speech can get a lot of Cl Hello.
want to do at the start. The first is to win
Ch Hi.
AUDIOSCRIPTS
P You first, Clive. How does a typical day P OK, thanks. Finally, you both have great M Yes, it is. The travelling is the worst
for a dentist start? responsibility in your work. How do thing. I’m constantly on planes or in
Cl Well, I have my own practice where I you cope? How do you avoid making hotels, and days can be very long
work with a hygienist, a receptionist mistakes when you’re tired? because you are at shows or in
and four dental assistants, so we start Ch We try to prioritize the patients in meetings with designers all day.
every morning with a staff meeting the hospital so that we can deal with P You get to meet the designers?
where we discuss any problems and the more serious ones first. Later in M Yes, I do. But it’s not as glamorous as
the appointments we have for the day. the day, we work with the less serious you might think. My appointments with
I work long hours and it can be hard injuries and always have other doctors them are usually very short and I have
but I take Fridays off, as well as the and nurses around to check that no to go through hundreds of samples
weekends. mistakes are made when we’re tired. of their work, deciding which would
P And how do you feel when somebody P Is that something you do too Clive? sell in our stores and which wouldn’t.
opens their mouth at 9 o’clock on Cl Yes, we try to get the difficult jobs over Then I sit up all night in my hotel room
Monday morning and you have to look first too, especially any that are likely completing the orders!
into it? to be painful for the patient. I suppose P Hmm, that’s not quite so glamorous, is
Cl Well, mouths are my job so I don’t that’s why I see a lot of young people it?
mind. Believe it or not, it can be really later in the day. Their teeth are still M Definitely not. I also have to be good
satisfying to look into someone’s mouth good, but I seem to spend most of with figures – financial figures, I mean,
when you can see that they are really my afternoons delivering the same old you know budgets and money –
looking after their teeth. lecture about looking after your teeth. because we have very strict restrictions
P OK, great. And what about you, I advise them on which brush to use, on how much we can spend. I have to
Christina, what’s your working day like? and on how to floss, while they sit there be clear that I can make a profit for the
Ch Well, you’ve probably heard about the looking slightly worried. shop from selling the clothes I buy.
long hours that young doctors like me P Thanks to both our guests. Now, if you P But going to the fashion shows must be
have to put in … have any questions … fun.
P Yes, I have. I’ve heard people talking M Oh it is!
about 65-hour weeks. Is that true? Unit 4 P What is a major fashion show like
Ch Unfortunately, yes. In the hospital P Presenter M Maggie London Fashion Week like?
where I work we have to do shifts. P On tonight’s edition of High Fashion, M Oh, absolute chaos. There are
Some of us work from eight in the we’ll be talking to Maggie Ray, a fashion thousands of journalists and
morning till eight or ten in the evening, buyer for one of the country’s leading photographers there, most of whom
while other doctors start at eight in the chains of clothes stores. Maggie is don’t even have a ticket. And even if
evening and work through the night. obviously an expert in the world of you do have a ticket, you really have
Sometimes I work a day shift for one fashion and I, for one, am hoping to get to fight your way in, pushing through
week and then the next week I work a some tips from her about what I should crowds of people with a ticket held high
night shift. be wearing or looking out for in the in your hand. And if you’re a couple of
P That must be exhausting! shops this spring. minutes late, you’ll lose your seat. The
Ch It is, and we often have to work Hi Maggie. demand is so high that any untaken
weekends too! M Hi. seats are given away as soon as the
P Do you regret choosing to become a P First of all, Maggie, can you tell us a show begins. I once found myself sitting
doctor? bit about your job and explain what a on the floor watching a major show
Ch Not at all. Most days I talk to so many buyer is? in Milan because my flight had been
different people that I never get bored. delayed.
M Sure. I, basically go to see designers
Most patients are really grateful too and and buy their clothes so that customers P So, what styles should we expect to
that makes the job worthwhile. … see this spring?
P OK, so both of you: what was the main P Like me? M OK. Well, full skirts which are really long
reason why you chose your careers? will be in, as well as flat shoes and big
M Yes, like you … or anyone else who
Ch Well, as a teenager I really wanted handbags, and I think the sleeveless
wants them. Well, actually, most of the
to be a scientist. But while I enjoyed sweater, with a very high neck, will be
people who buy the clothes I select will
studying, I missed being with people. trendy.
probably be women …
Study can be very solitary. I suppose P Thanks Maggie. I’m sure we will all be
P Ah …
I realized that being a doctor would racing down to the shops now to …
M But you may be buying them for your
be a great way of pursuing my love of girlfriend or wife. Anyway, I buy the
science but also a great way of working clothes that are displayed in the shops Unit 5
with lots of people. for customers to buy. P Presenter S Steve
P And you Clive? P What a great job! P Believe it or not, after a Saturday
Cl Well, I was always interested in M Yes, I guess thousands of women all spent travelling on the Trans-Siberian
medicine too but I liked the idea of over the world would be jealous of my Express and a Sunday in the Andean
being able to control my working day job – I get to go to all the big fashion mountains of Peru, I wasted much of
a bit more. I didn’t really want to be shows in New York, Paris and Milan and today wandering the streets of Berlin,
surrounded by patients needing my I meet up with all the leading designers Germany’s capital city. If I’d wanted
attention all the time so I chose to to order clothes for our stores. to, I could have visited one of the city’s
become a dentist and have my own world-class museums or even taken
P But, I guess it can be hard work too
practice. a trip up the TV tower. However, I
sometimes?
AUDIOSCRIPTS
contented myself with a stroll along the may even increase the curiosity of P OK. That’s definitely the worst job so far.
famous streets, watching the trams people for foreign travel and that We have Amy on line three. Tell us all,
go by and looking into the windows of tourism may increase. Amy.
cafés and shops. P Really? Even in this day and age when A I spent a month working in an egg
Amazing, huh? Well, not really. If I’m so many people have so many financial factory, putting eggs in boxes day
honest, what I really did was get a problems? after day, which was boring but OK, I
virtual train ticket for the Trans-Siberian, S Well, a lot of people don’t realize it suppose. Once a week though we had
take a virtual walk through the Andes but international flights are actually to do what must be the most disgusting
and a virtual stroll through the streets of cheaper today than they used to be. If thing you can imagine. We stopped the
Potsdam Square, Berlin. virtual travel permits people to discover conveyor belt that the eggs went on
Yes, I did all of my travelling online, and reasonably priced accommodation for and spent the whole day scraping the
I’m not the only one doing this these themselves in foreign cities, I think we dried remains of all the broken, rotten
days. Here with me this morning on will continue to travel as much as now, eggs off the belt. It took ages and the
Tomorrow Today, is Steve Forbes, critic or more. rotten egg used to fly off into our faces.
for Travel magazine. Hi Steve. P So, virtual travel could actually make us P Oh no, Amy! Tell us no more. It sounds
S Morning Sarah, how was your trip? better travellers in the real world? absolutely awful! Right. We’ve got time
P Well, the great thing about it was that S Without a doubt. for one more caller. Denis on line four.
I travelled on three different continents P Great, OK, thanks Steve. D Hi Marie. I’m not claiming to have the
in as many days, had loads of fun and worst job, but I once had the most
didn’t even get jet lag! pointless. I once worked in a clothes
Unit 6
S Well yes, that’s one of the great things shop and my manager made me
P Presenter J Jenny M Marie
about virtual travel. But it’s not the only change 300 price labels on jumpers
A Amy D Denis
one: travelling online is also cheaper, from £21.99 to £19.99. It took all day.
P Welcome back to today’s phone-in. Then the next day they changed the
you don’t need a passport or visa and
Today we’re asking, what’s the world’s price again … up to £20.99 … so I had
you can do it all without actually moving
worst job? We’ve had a couple of to change them all again …
away from your computer.
hilarious suggestions from listeners P Oh Denis! I can’t believe that! Thanks
P Yes, it’s becoming incredibly popular
already but we’d like to hear more. to all our callers for telling us about their
now, but is it a replacement for real
So, call 0788 444 5555 with your worst jobs. Now it’s time for the news
travel?
nominations. Right. We have Jenny on …
S No, I don’t think so. Obviously, you can line one.
learn a lot, hear people speaking exotic
J Hi Marie. OK. I used to work on a cruise
languages and see all the sights from
ship sailing back and forth across the
your living room. You can even ‘meet’
North Sea, and it was awful. Lots of
friends in a different virtual city every
people joked that the job was terrible
day … but it’s not the same.
because of the hopeless singers
P Explain a bit more, please Steve, about we had who used to entertain the
the differences between real travel and passengers, but actually they weren’t
online tourism. that bad. What was terrible was the
S Well, it’s quite obvious I suppose. We way the ship rolled from side to side on
go to exotic places because we want every trip. I worked on the ship for six
to experience what it’s like to be in months and I was sick every day!
another culture. That involves more P How awful Jenny! Poor you. But at least
than just seeing and hearing the sights you got to go abroad. Right. On line two
and sounds of a place. You need to be we have Matt. Hi Matt.
able to smell, touch and communicate
M Hi. A couple of years ago I spent a
with people in a real environment to
summer working in a cat food factory
get that genuine travel experience. I’ve
… in quality control …
heard people say that computers may
P Oooh. Sounds gruesome. I’d hate to
be able to simulate the smell of a place
think what sort of animal goes into cat
to deepen the virtual experience but I
food. Did you have to taste the stuff?
don’t think the point of virtual travel is to
replace the real thing. I think its purpose M Not quite. But I did have to sniff it. I
is to give people an idea of what a place had to put my nose right up to the cat
is like so that they can decide whether food and breathe in deeply to check it
they want to make a real journey there was fresh. Then I’d have to plunge my
or not. arms into the cat food, and feel for any
horrible bits of bone.
P So you don’t think that this kind of
technology will reduce the number of P Uggh. Hope you wore gloves.
international journeys? M Well, no, that’s why it was so disgusting
S Absolutely not. The travel industry every time I did it. But I had to wear
doesn’t see virtual travel as a kind white wellington boots because all the
of competition for real travel. Travel bits of rotting meat on the floor would
companies believe that virtual tourism have ruined ordinary shoes if you’d
worn them.
Macmillan Education
Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP
A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
Companies and representatives throughout the world
ISBN 978-02304-0170-9
Text © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010

Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010
First published 2010
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
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Written by Mike Sayer
Designed by eMC Design
The publishers would like to thank María Jesús Páramo Gutiérrez for her
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adjective comparative superlative 5 I’ve learnt a few e German.

2 I went swimming b twice this weekend. then?

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

1 burgle a take someone and ask for jury ​fine ​statement ​court ​judge ​sentence

3 mug b take something from

1 We’ve been waited here since half past two. have ​had ​been ​did

1 In court, this person is on trial and will be found

1 I enjoy browsing the newspapers on a Sunday

3 Circle the correct alternatives. a a regular daily news programme

3 diagnose c feel a lot of pain 2 pain 5 harm

4 reject d use medicine to cure 3 hope 6 avoid

1 Wendy passed out/off during the maths lesson.

Susan Well, I (1) a fever and hour after the operation.

I (2) dizzy. I also 5 Antibodies fight off/at disease.

I (4) nauseous. when I was in hospital.

1 Correct the errors in the sentences. 3 Circle the correct alternatives.

verdict ​purchase ​prescribe ​bargain ​bulletin ​ 1 Jack bought the TV second-hand/sight.

1 back a seer inter- ​extra- ​over- ​under- ​re- ​multi-

indecisive ​emotional ​spontaneous ​ plain-spoken 1 Bob put on his back and headed off

1 It’s hard to choose these two things. spend sleep

Unit 5 2 1 Penny lives in a small house 6 1 I remember the charitable trust

5 1 press conference ​ Unit 3 Units 1–4

1 Look how windy it is. 1 What she (see) if she

1 someone on a news programme who looks at a British history.

2 the person in charge of commissioning and phone .

planning a TV programme 10 The next short news will be at ten

3 the person who is in front of the camera on a TV o’clock.

news programme and tells you what the day’s news

1 To is to take someone and ask for

1 Ben is a . He steals from houses. 1 Why do you always complain what

1 a lack of strength 1 Could you me to buy potatoes on the

sympathize with others. She’s an in life.

person. 3 I don’t want to end in a boring job.

good at working in challenging situations. behaviour.

at meeting and getting on with people. staff for the summer.

in all areas of her work.

Grammar and 9 1 any ​2 a few ​3 the ​4 any ​ Grammar

Vocabulary 3 1 give ​2 hopping ​3 skim ​ 5 1 dependence ​2 consumerism ​

Young people don’t read newspapers

3 Find words and phrases in the text that mean …

The jury system

3 Find words in the text that mean …

Find synonyms for …

3 Find words in the text that mean …

Car boot sales

Cuba’s green revolution

1 Read the text and choose the best answer.

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?

Practising connectors 3 The photographer took photos, and the journalist

3 Just imagine how …

2 A journalist came round to our house with a

7 Check your written work carefully and correct any

Practising connectors ‘Human beings don’t need to eat meat to be healthy

5 Write a summary of the text in 3, including the

Practising connectors ‘Does travel help to promote understanding and

Practising formal 7 Glebe Avenue,

a I also believe that d finally Add sequencers and opinion expressions

SUPER SKI HOLIDAYS • Write the address correctly.

Reading practice 2 Students’ own answers 4 True. ‘Brad checked to see if we

Unit 2 3 b Moreover, according to food 2 We ought to encourage young

them to their synonyms. answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 break into 1 Radio reporting is different from TV reporting

1 burgle a take someone and ask for jury fine statement court judge sentence

3 mug b take something from

1 We’ve been waited here since half past two. have had been did

Susan Well, I (1) a fever and hour after the operation.

verdict purchase prescribe bargain bulletin 1 Jack bought the TV second-hand/sight.

1 back a seer inter- extra- over- under- re- multi-

indecisive emotional spontaneous plain-spoken 1 Bob put on his back and headed off

Unit 5 2 1 Penny lives in a small house 6 1 I remember the charitable trust

5 1 press conference Unit 3 Units 1–4

Grammar and 9 1 any 2 a few 3 the 4 any Grammar

Vocabulary 3 1 give 2 hopping 3 skim 5 1 dependence 2 consumerism

Unit 2 3 b Moreover, according to food 2 We ought to encourage young

1 In nature … a extracting natural resources from beneath the

1 What is the Socratic method of questioning? a someone who is thought to be in opposition

2 marks for each correct answer Score

have to (x3) should ought to 1 You drink and drive in Spain.

2 marks for each correct answer Score

2 marks for each correct answer Score /10

2 marks for each correct answer Score /10