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Introduction:
Nearing the presidential election, a candidate by the name of Donald Trump decides he
wants to increase his odds of winning by building a tower to promote himself. He has offered a
small loan of a million dollars to anyone who can design and build a model of a tower meeting
The requirements include being built on a square plot of land that is 39 feet by 39 feet,
with the restriction that no part of the tower can be within three feet of these limits. Trump
Towers was requested to be shaped like a regular polygon with eighteen sides. It must maximize
the available building area in order to show dominance over all other presidential towers. Other
features requested include a pyramid roof, 1 foot thick walls, a singular door, two windows, a
floor that “makes you feel like Jesus”, a footing made out of solid gold, and “A bunch of Trump
pictures on the inner walls”! Sadly, the million dollar loan won’t be enough to cover the gold
costs, so normal concrete will be used. Other than that, all requirements and features shall be
included!
The overall height of the tower will be determined by certain measurements of the outer
tower wall. As for decoration of the tower once completed, Trump doesn’t limit the creativity as
long as it features his name written across the top, and that it atleast looks like solid gold. He also
In Figure 1, a diagram of a tower containing eighteen sides is laid out to maximize the
area within a building perimeter of thirty three feet. The perimeter comes from a thirty nine foot
plot of land that needed to be shrunk three feet on each side. Because the polygon is regular,
finding the radius (from a vertex to the center) is simply done by dividing the length or width of
the starting plot by two which produced 16.5. Also shown is the most interior wall which is three
feet closer to the center than the exterior. In order to maximize the amount of area the base could
take up, two opposing vertices were placed on either side of the boundary. This is done because
the amount of sides (eighteen) does not produce an integer when divided by four.
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 4
In Figure 2, the base of the tower is shown as in Figure 1 including the interior walls that
will be present within the three dimensional tower. Each set of walls is one foot away from
another meaning that the radius for each newly created polygon is decreased by one for every
layer that gets closer to the center. Let the outer most polygon represent Polygon 1, the second
Central Angles:
360 / 18 = 20 20°
In Table 1, because every regular polygon has an overall central angle sum of 360°, it’s
divided by the amount of sides, in this case eighteen, to produce a singular central angle. The
solution is 20°, which will be needed when using Sin, Cos, and Tan to find the lengths for certain
Polygon 1:
In Table 2, the formula for finding the length of an exterior side of polygon 1 is shown.
To find this, the polygon was split into eighteen separate congruent triangles. From there, those
triangles we split up again in order to create eight triangles. The overall side length would be
equal to double that of the opposite side to the central angle of ten degrees. Given that the
Hypotenuse is equal the radius (16.5), the Sin function was used to find the value of 5.73 feet.
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 6
In Table 3, the Height of the center of Polygon 1 to the middle of any exterior side is
calculated. This is done by using a Cos function, and multiplying the cosine of the angle
measurement of a singular triangle (10°) by the Radius (16.5) which produces 16.2494’.
In Table 4, the Perimeter of polygon 1 is found by multiplying one of the exterior sides
by the total number of exterior sides of the tower (18). The product becomes 103.14’.
In Table 5, the overall area for Polygon 1 is found. This is done by finding the area of a
singular section of the polygon. To find this, the side length of 5.73 was multiplied by the height
of 16.25 and then divided by two. Finally that was multiplied by eighteen to account for the rest
Polygon 2:
In Table 6, the formula for finding the length of an exterior side of polygon 2 is shown.
To find this, the polygon was split into eighteen separate congruent triangles. From there, those
triangles we split up again in order to create eight triangles. The overall side length would be
equal to double that of the opposite side to the central angle of ten degrees. Given that the
hypotenuse is equal to the radius, the sin function was used to find the value of 5.378 feet.
In Table 7, the Height of the center of Polygon 2 to the middle of any exterior side is
calculated. This is done by using a cos function, and multiplying the cos of the angle
measurement of a singular triangle (10°) by the radius (15.5ft) which produces 15.25 Feet.
In Table 8, the Perimeter of polygon 2 is found by multiplying one of the exterior sides
(5.3777359 feet) by the total number of exterior sides of the tower (18). The product becomes
96.8 feet.
In Table 9, the overall area for Polygon 2 is found. This is done by finding the area of a
singular section of the polygon. To find this, the side length of 5.3777356 was multiplied by the
height of 15.24935 and then divided by two. Finally that was multiplied by eighteen to account
for the rest of the tower. The final result was 738.06 square feet.
Polygon 3:
In Table 10, the formula for finding the length of an exterior side of polygon 3 is shown.
To find this, the polygon was split into eighteen separate congruent triangles. From there, those
triangles we split up again in order to create eight triangles. The overall side length would be
equal to double that of the opposite side to the central angle of ten degrees. Given that the
hypotenuse is equal the radius (14.46921996), the Sin function was used to find the value of
5.0251073 feet.
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 9
In Table 11, the Height of the center of Polygon 3 to the middle of any exterior side is
calculated. This is done by using a Cos function, and multiplying the Cos of the angle
measurement of a singular triangle (10°) by the Radius (14.46921996) which produces 14.25
feet.
In Table 12, the Perimeter of polygon 3 is found by multiplying one of the exterior sides
(5.0251073) by the total number of exterior sides of the tower (18). The product becomes 90.45
feet.
singular section of the polygon. To find this, the side length of 5.0251073 was multiplied by the
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 10
height of 14.2494 and then divided by two. Finally that was multiplied by eighteen to account for
the rest of the tower. The final result was 644.44 square feet.
Polygon 4:
In Table 14, the formula for finding the length of an exterior side of polygon 4 is shown.
To find this, the polygon was split into eighteen separate congruent triangles. From there, those
triangles we split up again in order to create eight triangles. The overall side length would be
equal to double that of the opposite side to the central angle of ten degrees. Given that the
hypotenuse is 13.453793, the sin function was used to find the value of 4.67 feet.
In Table 15, the Height of the center of Polygon 4 to the middle of any exterior side is
calculated. This is done by using a cos function, and multiplying the cos of the angle
In Table 16, the Perimeter of polygon 4 is found by multiplying one of the exterior sides
(4.672453) by the total number of exterior sides of the tower (18). The product becomes 84.1’.
In Table 17, the overall area for Polygon 4 is found. This is done by finding the area of a
singular section of the polygon. To find this, the side length of 4.672453 was multiplied by the
height of 13.2494 and then divided by two. Finally that was multiplied by eighteen to account for
the rest of the tower. The final result was 557.16 Square Feet.
The above figure shows the footing. The footing is needed to be put in the ground to
make the structure stable. The aquarium is also shown as one is wanted by the Trumpster. The
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 12
volume of the footing was calculated by finding the area of polygon 1 subtracted by the area of
polygon 4. This then was multiplied by 3.5 since it is 3.5 feet deep. The plexiglass was found by
In Table 18, the volume of the footing was found. This was done by first, adding the first
side length and fourth side length together. This was then divided two since the figure that is
being solved is a trapezoid. This answer was then multiplied by the heights (3), and multiplied by
the width. Lastly, this was all multiplied by 18 to find the footing for the whole tower which was
In Table 19, the amount of plexiglass was found. First, the area of polygon 4 must be
found. To do this, the area of one of the triangles must be found and then multiplied by eighteen
since there are eighteen triangles that make up the floor. To find the area of the triangle is first us
1/2bh of multiplying the side length of polygon 4 and the height of polygon 4 together and
dividing by two. The third dimension must now be implemented by multiplying by ⅓ or dividing
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 13
by three since the height is 4 inches. Finally, the volume was multiplied by eighteen since
(4.672453 * 13.2494)/2) * 3⅙ * 18 = 3
1,764.36ft
1,764.355314
In Table 20, the volume of the aquarium was found. The area of polygon 4 must be found
first to find the volume of the aquarium. To do this, multiply the side length and height of
polygon 4 together and divide by two to find the area of one triangle. Next, multiply the height
(3⅙) to the area of the triangle. This was found by looking that the flooring is 3.5 feet deep and
subtracting four inches off since the plexiglass has a height of four inches. Finally, multiply the
volume of the triangle by 18 to produce the volume of the aquarium which is about 1,764.36 feet
cubed.
In Table 21, the amount of water in the aquarium was found. To do this, simply multiply
the volume of the aquarium by 0.75 since the aquarium will be ¾ full of water. Then transfer the
In Table 22, the price of the concrete was found. To do this, 115 had to be divided by 27
since all of the measurements will be in cubic feet and not cubic yards. Next, simply multiply the
volume of the footing, which was found previously, by 4.25926 or 115/27. This will produce
$4,186.98.
In Table 23, the number of sheets of plexiglass was found. To figure this out, divide the
amount of plexiglass that makes up the flooring (185.7215) by how much the plexiglass is sold
(10.666). To figure out how much is sold is by knowing that they are sold in sheets of 4 feet by 8
feet by ⅓ feet. When multiplied all out, the amount that is sold is 10.666 cubic feet. The exact
amount of plexiglass that is needed is 17.4113 sheets. Since the company doesn’t sell portions of
sheets, the number must be rounded up to get the right amount plus excess plexiglass.
In Table 24, the cost of the plexiglass was found. To find this amount, the number of
sheets needed was multiplied by how much each sheet costs. This produced to be $19,800.
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 15
In Figure 4, a singular window for the tower is shown. The window is similar to the base
it is an 18-gon. Although the main difference being that the radius (from one vertex to the center)
gon into eighteen separate triangles, finding the area of one of them (by using ½ Base * Height)
In Figure 5 a diagram of the door of the tower is shown. The door consists of a 3-foot-
wide, 5 foot tall rectangle with half of an 18-gon (With a radius of vertice to center of 1.5) being
placed on top.
In Table 26, the area of the door is calculated. This is done by adding the area of the
rectangle seen in Figure 5 to half that of a singular window found in Figure 4 and Table X. The
((5.3777359*(5.3777359*2))*18) - 18.464 - 2
1008.80ft
(2)6.928 = 1008.8015627
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 17
In Table 27, the lateral surface area of the outer prism. To start off, one of the lateral
faces must be found. In order to do this, the base has to be multiplied by the height. Height is the
side length of polygon 2 multiplied 2. Once the area of one of the lateral faces has been found, it
can be multiplied by 18 since there are 18 sides to this tower. Also the area of the door and
windows must be subtracted since they are not part of the lateral surface area. The final answer is
In Figure 6, the base of the exterior tower is found. The prism itself is built within
polygon 2 and polygon 3, thus polygon 2 is used for the exterior. The side length found in Table
6 is also restated. Notice how the vertices do not touch the wall limit. Only polygon 1 is large
The above figure shows the inner prism base. Polygon 3 and 4 are shown above with one
wall attached to it. Polygon 1 and polygon 2 are not shown in this picture simply because the
volume of the inner prism needs to be calculated which deals with polygon 3. The lengths for the
inner wall is shown in the above figure. The volume was calculated by multiplying the area of
In Table 28, the overall volume of the inner prism was was found. This was done by
taking the area of the polygon that defines the inside of the tower (polygon) and multiplying it by
the height of inner prism (double the side length of polygon 2). The volume came out to be
6931.30ft2.
The above figure shows the overall height and slant height of the outer and inner
pyramids. The overall height of the pyramid was found by multiplying the side length of polygon
2 by 3 and polygon 3 by 3. The pythagorean theorem was then used to find the slant height of
In Table 29, the height of the outer pyramid is found. There are two separate heights of
the pyramid portion of the tower, one defined by polygon two, the other by polygon three. In this
case, for polygon 2, the side length was tripled to produce a height of 16.13ft.
In Table 30, the height of the inner pyramid is found. There are two separate heights of
the pyramid portion of the tower, one defined by polygon two, the other by polygon three. In this
case, for polygon 3, the side length was tripled to produce 15.075ft.
In Table 31, the slant height of the outer pyramid was found. This was found be using the
pythagorean theorem to find the hypotenuse of the triangle created between the radius (from
center to one vertices) of polygon 2 and the overall height of the pyramid. The answer produced
was 22.2ft.
Table 32. Angle Measure Between Prism Base and Pyramid Face
−1 Angle Measure Between Prism Base and
tan (Height of Pyramid/Height of Polygon
3) Pyramid Face
−1 46.6°
tan (16.133207/15.2494) = 46.614066
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 21
In Table 32, the angle measure between a face of the prism and the pyramid is found.
This is done by finding the inverse tangent of the height of the pyramid over the side length of
In table 33, the angle measure between one lateral face of the outer prism and the height
of the pyramid is found. This was done by finding the inverse tangent of a half of the side length
of polygon 2 divided by the slant height. This answer was then multiplied by two since half of
In Table 34, the angle measure between one lateral face of the outer pyramid and the base
of polygon two was found. This was done by creating a triangle, and solving for the missing
angle measurement. 90° was known, alongside 6.9° found in Table 29. These two were
Figure 9. Angle Measures, Slant Height, Base, and Area of one Lateral Face
The above figure shows the slant height, base, angle measures, and area of one lateral
face. The angle measures of the lateral face were found by using the inverse tangent function.
Once the angle measures were calculated, the area was produced. The area was found out to be
59.69 square feet by simply multiplying the base and height and dividing by 2.
In Table 35, the area of one lateral face the outer pyramid is found. This was done by
using the standard formula for triangle area. Given that the height (slant height) was 22.2ft, and
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 23
the base was 5.3777 (Side length of polygon two), these two were multiplied and then divided by
In Table 36, the Lateral Surface area of the outer pyramid (defined by polygon 2) is
found. Because there are eighteen sides, the area of one lateral triangular face (59.69) is
In Table 37, the volume of the inner pyramid is found. Using the pyramid volume
formula (Area of base * Height / 3) where the height is equal to double the side length of
polygon 3 and the area of the base was equal to that of the area of polygon 3, the volume came
out to be 3,238.39ft3.
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 24
Entire Tower:
The above figure shows the complete tower. The lateral surface area of the outer tower
was found as well as the volume of the inner tower. The lateral surface area of the outer tower
was found by adding the lateral surface area of the outer pyramid and the outer prism together.
Finally, the volume of the inner tower was found adding the volume of the inner prism and
pyramid together.
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 25
In Table 38, the entire lateral surface area of the tower is found. Referring back to Table
27 and Table 36, the two calculated amounts need to be added together. Once added, the total
In Table 39, the volume of the tower is found. Because polygon 3 represents the interior
of the tower, the prism and pyramid volume measurements were found based on the
measurements from polygon 3. The volumes of the two individual parts were calculated in Table
28 and Table 37. The two were then added together, producing 10,169.56ft3.
Ciaramitaro - Dobranski 26
Conclusion:
Phew! Donald Trump had quite the request! Thankfully, the job will only cost $24,055
leaving a $975,945 profit when subtracted from the small loan of a million dollars. All in all, his
presidential campaign can now have a tower with 10,169.56 cubic feet to store “Vote for me”
buttons and other useful tools for increasing voting count! With over 2,151.36 square feet of
available space to promote his name and images of himself, he won’t have to worry about him
being forgotten!
As for development of the model, mistakes were made that prevented an exact to scale
replication of Trump Tower. It was noted that styrofoam does not cut accurately unless the
proper tools were acquired. Also noted, styrofoam does not respond well to adhesive that is not
specifically designed for it! As far as other problem goes, getting exact measurements became a
We’d like to wish Donald Trump the best of luck on his presidential campaign, and hope
that this tower will give him the necessary boost to accomplish his goals! This paper has shown