City Profile of Madras (Chennai)

Department of Planning
Prithivi Mohan | 2120200111 | 3rd year| B.Planning
Seminar - I
 • The Chennai Metropolis (with a latitude
between 12°50'49" and 13°17'24",
Spatialand a
Growth
Connectivity Map longitude between 79°59'53"and 80°20'12")
Pattern Of The
is located on the CoramandalCitycoast in South
India and the land is a flat coastal plain.

• Madras, acquired its name from

Madraspattinam which is a fishing village
situated to the north of Fort St. George.

• 400 years old city.

• Its older name Madras was officially changed

to Chennai in 1996.

• 36th metropolitan city all across the world.

• Madras was the first major British settlement

in India, and until 1774 was the capital of the
entire British Empire in the east.

Elevation- 6m(20ft)

LOCATION 2
 o In 1522, the Portugese built a port called Sao Tome.
o On 22nd August 1639, a small piece of land was purchased by the British East India
Company which is located on the Coromandel Coast.
o The city's Corporation, founded in
• The population, 1687,
which waswas theinfirst
19,000 such
1646, governing
expanded body in
to 40,000 to1669.
be set
up outside Europe.
17th century • Scattered settlements separated by long distances.
o Madras soon grew intosettlement
• Each a settlement
grewof importance
around but of
the nucleus in a1774
templetheand
British
has itsshifted
own history.
their capital to Calcutta, influenced by its proximity to the north, its commercial
importance represented by industries such as jute and indigo, and its climate.
o Until Independence, Madras
• During remained
this time, the capital
the British of the
found that Madras
Triplicane wasPresidency,
a good area anfor area
that encompassedsettlement
the wholeand of south
a large India
numberasof
well as parts
people moved ofthere.
Maharashtra and
Orissa • The presence of the Nawab of Arcot increased the economic prosperity of
Chennai has a verythe
18tho century area and more mix
heterogeneous and more Muslims settled
of architectural in Triplicane.
styles ranging fromSo from that time
ancient
onwards, it grew in importance, second only, to George Town.
temples to the British colonial era buildings and to the latest modern buildings. Most
• People started moving in different directions according to their professional
of the buildings constructed during the
activities (weaving, colonialand
pot making, eratrade)
are ofandtheneed
Indo-Sarcenic
of space. Thisstyle.
also leads
to community development.

HISTORY 3
 • The city extended over an area of about 70 sq.kms. and had a population of
5.40 lakhs in 1901
• Central station was formed in 1872 and linked to the main line.
19th century • To facilitate trade the harbor was completed in 1896 just to the east of George
Town.

• The population of the City increased to 8.6 lakhs by 1941.

• The city occupied an area of about 80 sq.km.
• Radial and Ring pattern of Development as CBD as the center.
• The city was mainly a commercial, military and administrative centre for the
20th century entire South India.
• In 1950 the boundary of the City was extended to cover 129sq.kms.
• CBD was George town and Harbor.

• George Town and its extension southwards into Anna Salai together constitute
the central business district of the City where most of the wholesale trade,
Present specialised retail trade and banking and financial institutions were located and
where commercial activity was intense.

HISTORY 4
  Chennai is known as the "Detroit /.of
India" for its automobile industry.

 Population - 4.68 million residents (in

2011) ., making it the sixth most populous
city in India.

 8.9 million, making it the fourth most

populous metropolitan area in the
country and 31st largest urban area in the
world.
 Area (CMA) = 1189 sq.km, including core
city area 426 sq.km

INTRODUCTION Uohkomjlk
Existing Landuse 2001 Proposed Landuse 2026 EXISTING LANDUSE
Proposed landuse2006 - CHENNAI
2026 CITY
- chennai
city Resdential

Commercial
1% 12% Primary Residential use
2% zone
21% Industrial
Mixed Residential use
19% 33%
1% 54%
zone
Institutional
6% Commercial use zone
NORTHERN REGION UNDEVELOPED 1%5%
4%
REGION BECAUSE ITS FAR FROM CORE CITY 7% Open space
Institutional use
andzone
AND MAJOR INDUSTRIES ARE LOCATED HERE 16% 14%
Recreation
Agricultural
Industrial use zone
4%
Others
SOUTHERN REGION DEVELOPED Special and hazardous
Industrial use zone
REGION BECAUSE OF GOOD
INFRASTRUCTURE LIKE IT COMPANY, Existing LANDUSE
PROPOSED landuse 2026
2006- REST
- Rest
OF of
CMA
SCHOOLS AND COLLAGES CMA Primary Residential use
zone
Mixed Residential use
32%
22%
29% zone Resdential

1% Commercial
Commercial use zone
54% 6% Industrial
2%
11% 12% 3% Institutional use zone
Institutional
3% 7% 3%1%
12% Agricultural
Industrial use
Non zone
urban
2%
Others
Special and hazardous
Industrial use zone
Note:Others (Roads, water bodies, hills, Redhills catchments area,
forests etc.)
source: draft master plan – ii for Chennai metropolitan area

LANDUSE 6
 DECADAL POPULATION OF The development of transport

4,646,732
Decadal population of CMA

4,343,645
CHENNAI CITY corridors and rail connectivity as early

3,841,396
3,276,622
8696010 as 1900s had attracted industrial

2,579,276
7040582 developments in the city resulting in

1,776,329
increased growth of population

1,454,896
5818479
4601566 Source: CDP,chennai

910,464
757,051
611,144
593,132
570,851

3505502
It extends over 1189 Sq.km. and
includes Chennai City Corporation
1 9 0 11971
1 9 1 1 1 9 2 1 11981
9 3 1 1 9 4 1 1 9 1991
5 1 1 9 6 1 1 9 7 12001
1 9 8 1 1 9 9 1 22011
001 2011
area, 16 Municipalities, 20 Special
Source: census of India
Source: CDP,chennai
Village Panchayats and 213 villages
DECADAL POPULATION OF comprised in 10 Panchayats Unions.
CHENNAI – GENDER WISE density/km2

2335844
2310888
males females

2219539
2001 2011

2124106
1986278
1855118
Chennai 24,963 26,553
1694107
1582515

Tamil nadu 480 555

1354325
1224951

India 324 382

934227
842102
756836
698060
476346
434118
398327

Area of Chennai
358724
319411
304371

291733
288761
287890
282961

metropolis 426km2

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 metro 1189km2
Source: census of India

DECADAL POPULATION 7
 Decades 1951-61 and 1961-71. The reasons
Birth &DECADAL GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION
Death Rates
for this rapid growth rate can be attributed
The registered birth rates in Chennai City in to industrial development and increase in
59.80
1971 were 38.6 and varied from 38.6 to economic activities and employment
32.1during 1971-76 and have 45.20 reduced to opportunities in the city and its suburbs,
22.62 in the year 2003. Similarly the death attracting large migrant population.
rate also reduced 23.87
to a considerable 27.04 extent
22.09 The negative growth during 1971-81
from 13.1 in 197520.26 to 8.01 in 2003. The 17.24 rate of
13.07 is due to the annexation of surrounding
natural 3.90
increase
3.04
declined from 26.3 in 1971 6.98
Panchayats areas to the city.
to 14.61 in 2003.
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 Source:2001 2011
CDP,chennai
Source: census of India
Literacy rate Sex Ratio
Literacy rate Gender wise
90.18
90.01 86.64 93.7
85.33 86.64 86.77 996
80.09 989 82.14 986 80.44
73.45 74.04 73.14
64.91 65.46

957

943
933

male female male female

Chennai Tamil nadu India Chennai Tamil nadu India
2001 2011
Literacy rate 2001 Literacy rate 2011 sex ratio 2001 sex ratio 2011
Literacy rate
Chennai CMA
Tamil = 76.09 (inIndia
nadu 2001) CMA = 956 (in 2001)
Source:census2011.co.in

GROWTH RATE, LITERACY RATE, SEX RATIO 8

 Trend of occupational structure Chennai city and CMA
2001
Chennai city CMA 98.5
Non workers in Chennai 91.1
65.73% 69.14%
city during 2001
74.7
71.08 68.66
65 66.8
61.78

34.21 32
27.37 30 26.7
24.3

4.01 6.5
1.55 1.34 3 1 1.5 2.9

chennai city CMA chennai city CMA chennai city CMA chennai city CMA
1971 1981 1991 2001

primary secondary tertiary

The workers in primary activity constitute 6.52 percent in CMA and 1.05 percent
in City 1991. In 2001, it was 2.91 percent and 1.52 percent respectively in CMA
and Chennai City indicating that the primary activities are on the decline in the
peripheral areas due to the emergence of manufacturing and new economy
industry.

Occupational structure 9
 Migration details
The population of the Chennai City in
43.43 1981 was 32.84 lakhs which includes
38.43
10.08 lakh migrant population and natural
32.84
increase of 5.28 lakhs (for 1971-81)
26.42
population; the net population excluding
17.49 these works out to 17.48 lakhs whereas
7.8
10.08 9.18 9.37 the 1971 population was 26.42 lakhs
6.44
which shows that there was a net out
migration of 8.94 lakhs (27%) resident
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
population from City mostly to the rest of
total population in lakhs Total migrants CMA (during 1971-1981).

Migrants from other urban areas

constitute 63.4% and only 36.3%
are from rural areas.

Source: CDP,chennai

MIGRATION DETAILS 10
 Source: draft Master Plan ii short

PROJECTIONS 11
 Road Network
DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON
The road network TRIPS BYisMODE
of Chennai - 2004
dominated
Vehicles and persons
Bus train car 2W tripscycle inwalk
CMAothers IPT
by a radial pattern converging at George
Town,
The which
total number is the main Central
of motor vehicles Business
in CMA
District (CBD) of the1%
has increased from 144,282 29% CMA. The road network
in 1984 to
is 28% based on
primarily 2% the four National
1,674,185 in 2005.
Highways, leading to Calcutta (NH5),
Bangalore (NH4), Thiruvallur (NHhas205) 5% and
The number of two-wheelers 4% grown
Trichy 13%
(NH 45).
enormously from 87,000 18% in 1984 to
Rail Network
1,266,114 in 2005.
• Chennai Beach - Tambaram BG
Goods Transport The number of goods
line running south-westSource: CDP,chennai
vehicles • Chennai
in Chennai has increased
Central - Thiruvallur from 6,671
B.G.linethe running(1992-95),
west and
inAccording
1980 to to 32629CTTS in 2005. According to a
• •theChennai
per capitaCentral - is 1.30 per day
trip rate
studyand byGummidipoondi
MMDA
the (1985)
trip rate perBG theline
main
householdrunningitems
is 5.88 of
movement pernorth
day.
aretogether account for 300,000
These 3 lines
• On a typical weekday 7.45 million trips
commuter
• Manufactured trips per
by a variety ofgoods day. (15.5%),
travel modes for various
Bus purposes.
• Building
Transportmaterials (9.9%),
The bus transport is being operated by
•Metropolitan
In aIndustrial
group ofraw materials
Transport
100, (9.2%),
Corporation
38 travels by bus, 4 by (MTC),
which
•train, had 30
and a fleet
Perishables strength
by(9.1%)
walk, 14 byof
and 2,773
cycle, 7 bybuses
two in
2004.
wheeler,They operate
2 by car and537 5 byroutes
otherandmodes. carry 36
•lakhsParcels (8.5%).
trips/day. Source: CDP,chennai
Source: CDP,chennai

INFRASTRUCTURE – TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 12

 Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board ( CMWSSB)

The sources of surface

water are the reservoirs at
ground water • Poondi,
10%
• Cholavaram,
supply tank
• Porur Lake
20% • Chembarambakkam
• Veeranam Lake
Chembarambakkam lake Veeranam Lake

Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-I Reservoirs

70%
Source of
Add 180 MLD water to Chennai City water water supply
requirement) was taken up by CMWSSB in 2004 at to Chennai city
a cost of Rs.720 crores. It is to draw 190 MLD of
raw water from Veeranam Lake Consumption liters per captia per day
260 270
220
Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-II
Estimated cost of Rs.124.00 crore. The objective of 140
90
this project is to augment water supply to the city
by intercepting the rainwater runoff into the sea by
the construction / rehabilitation of check dams Banglore Mumbai Delhi Chennai city Pune
across Cooum, Adyar and Palar rivers. Source: CMWSSB
Estimated of water Requirement (CMA)
Rest of CMA population in lakhs
2011 2016 2021 2026
Other Municipalities have Palar River as source, 88 100 112 126
Total requirment
CMWSSB bulk supply or the ground water as Residential use 1165 1284 1431 1606
source. Water supply in Panchayat areas is by local Other than Residential use 349 385 429 482
wells and public taps. Industries use 116 128 143 160
Source: CMWSSB Note: Water Requirement in MLD

INFRASTRUCTURE – WATER SUPPLY 13

Collection & Transportation WASTE GENERATION
At present the Chennai Corporation and ONYX are the two agencies are Hospitals
Market 3%
the responsible for entire solid waste collection and transportation. As 4%
per the corporation the collection efficiency is around 95% in the city Restaurants/hotels
and Door to Door collection /schools
11%

• Around 3.400 tonnes of garbage is collected daily from 15 Commercial

14%
zones
• The Perungudi dump yard gets 1600 tonnes and Kodungaiyur Residence
68%
gets 1800 tonnes
• Total number of bins 6980
• Waste separation 10% by CMC
Future Garbage Generation Trends Source: CDP,chennai

future
generation in
Areas 2021(tonnes)
chennai city 4332
Municipalities 1326
special village panchayats 277
village panchayats 469
total CMA 6403
Source: CDP,chennai

INFRASTRUCTURE – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 14

 Chennai got projects worth Rs. 4973.71 crore, with a large part of it to be spent for the urban poor.
35 projects total, at a total cost of Rs. 3585.44 crore 24 projects total, at a total cost of
Central share 36% Rs. 1388.27 crore
Water Supply
UIG funds allocation BSUP funding by project type
by sector
Solid Waste
0.2% Management Resettlement
23% colonies
Sewerage
30.5%
40.4%
Other
Roads/Flyover/
housing/infrast
Road
77% ructure
24.4% 2.3% Overbridges
Drainage/Storm projects
2.3% water Drains
Current Scenario Current Scenario
•23% of all projects have overspent • Most projects fall within the new Corporation
boundaries.
• Less than half of the projects have been • Projects in the newly extended areas have been
completed. (Phase 1 ends in 2013) transferred to the jurisdiction of the Corporation
• 29,864 tenements in Ezhil Nagar and
• Lack of local capacity, rising costs of Perumbakkam at a total cost of Rs. 1073.19 crore
construction material, delays on funds release, • Of which, for 19,412 tenements, provision of
infrastructure facilities not covered by the
elections cited as reasons. JnNURM costs.
Source: transparentchennai

THE JnNURM IN CHENNAI 2005-2012 15

INVESTMENTS IN CMA 16
Slum Clearance Scheme
• Tenements are allotted either on rental basis or on hire purchase basis.
• TNSCB has constructed 69594 No. of tenements from 1970 to 2004 in Chennai.
• In addition TNHB had constructed 10,423 slum tenements in Chennai.
Pavement Dwellers Housing Scheme
• It was funded by the GOI (Rs.4, 000/- per household) GTN (Rs.1000/- per household) and HUDCO loan
(Rs.8, 000/- per household) 7787 no. of families benefited under this scheme.
Nehru Rozgor Yojana
• Loan assistance of Rs.4, 150/- per slum family was given for up gradation of their shelter.
• It was implemented by TNSCB with grant assistance from GOI & GTN and loan assistance from
HUDCO.14, 000 No. of families benefited by this scheme
Shelter for Shelter less Scheme
• Affordable houses for slum dwellers were constructed on serviced plots, using locally available materials
and adopting low cost techniques.
• It was tried a pilot project in Chennai by TNSCB with GOI grant 20%, GTN grant 15% and HUDCO loan
component 65%. 2982 No. of families were benefited under the scheme.

SCHEMES IMPLEMENTED BY TNSCB IN CMA 17

 OUTER RING ROAD

• ORR connects NH45 at Vandalur, NH4 at Nazarathpet, NH 205 at Nemilichery, NH5 at Nallur
and TPP road at Minjur and is of length 62.0 km. The configuration of the alignment comprises
of dual system of both road and rail corridor in a width of 72m. 50m. wide portion of land is
reserved for future developments. The estimated project cost is about Rs.1081.40 crores.

• Land Acquisition has been taken up in two phases. The first phase of land Acquisition from NH
45 to NH 205 for a length of 29.2 km. covering 29 villages has been completed and possession
taken over by CMDA. The second phase of acquisition from NH 205 to TPP Road covering 27
villages is under progress.

18
CHENNAI – BANGLORE EXPRESSWAY

The expressway will serve

as an alternative to the
popular NH 7 from
Bangalore to Krishnagiri,
NH 46 from Krishnagiri to
Ranipet and NH 4 from
Ranipet to Chennai.

• The ambitious 262-km-long Bangalore-Chennai Expressway that will run through Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka will require nearly 2,300 hectares of land.

• Sources in the NHAI said the project consultant had said the greenfield initiative would cost Rs. 7,000
crore, excluding cost of land acquisition. Following land acquisition, which would take a year and a
half, the project will be completed in three years.

• The road will be access-controlled like the Chennai Bypass and have several major interchanges. “For
every 25 km, there will be entry/exit points
Source: The Hindu,chennai;augest12,2013

19
SATHANGADU IRON STEEL MARKET

• Chennai is a major centre for iron Steel trade. It also serves as the feeder market for the
entire south.
• The growth rate of various core sectors in Chennai is quite high, but the Iron & Steel trade
in Chennai does not seem to be located well enough to run efficiently or handle its
growth potential.
• Congested locations, cramped spaces, heavy-vehicle movement in narrow streets, traffic
blockades, noise unhygienic environs - all lead to tardy and uneconomical operations.

• Located ideally - over 203 acres near Tiruvottiyur on the periphery of the city, with ready
access to Chennai City Port and Tiruvottiyur railhead.

• India' most modern market of its kind, it is scientifically planned with excellent
infrastructure, amenities and services-everything the trader seek for smooth conduct of
business and full exploitation of growth potential

20
CHENNAI METRO RAIL PROJECT

• The Chennai Metro Rail is a rapid transit system under

construction in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Phase I of the
project, which consists of two corridors covering a length
of 45.1 kilometers (28.0 mi), is under construction.
• The elevated section of the project is scheduled to be
operational by spring 2015 and the entire project is
scheduled to be completed by the financial year 2014–
2015.
• About 55% of the corridors in Phase I are underground
and the remaining corridors are elevated

• At the time of construction, it cost nearly Rs.3,000

million and Rs.1,000 million to build one kilometre of
tunnel and one underground station, respectively.
• When the Chennai Metro Rail project was initiated in
2007, the estimated cost of the 45-km route in phase I
was around Rs. 146 billion.
• Phase I extension of 9 km from Washermanpet to
Wimco Nagar at Tiruvottiyur cost Rs. 30,010 million as of
2014, which is expected to begin by December 2014.

21
CHENNAI MONO RAIL PROJECT
corridor-1 (Poonamallee - Porur -
Vadapalani/Kathipara)
corridor-2 (Vandalur -Medavakkam
- Velacheri - Kathipara)
PROJECT COST
Chennai Monorail is a rail-based transit system for the Indian
city of Chennai. It is proposed in the Long-term Urban
Transportation Scheme of Second Master Plan by CMDA. The
state government has announced plans to
introduce monorail across City to reduce traffic congestion and
to increase the share of public transport in the urban transport
network. The aim is to increase the share of public transport in
Chennai from 27% to 46% by 2026
The first Corridor –
Vandalur to Velachery
(23 km) — will have 14
stations, 12 stations will
come up along the
Poonamallee - Vadapalani
Corridor (18 km) and 11
along the third corridor –
Poonamallee to Kathipara
junction (16 km).
Corridor-1 - 20.68-km from
Poonamallee to Kathipara with a
link from Porur to Vadaplani - is
expected to cost ₹32.35 billion
22
Traffic Congestion
The number of vehicles plying in cities run into millions. During the peak hours, the traffic moves in snail’s
pace. Come monsoon season, the roads are damaged and potholes created, holding the city on ransom.
Urban Amenities
Cities are lacking water facility round the clock. Then there is the problem of sewage disposal.
Open sewer system is followed in many urban fringe areas- and when rain lashes out then it is a
huge mess. Garbage disposal is another irritant. Government is not able to supply these amenities
due to tremendous increase in population
Pollution
Vehicle exhaust, burning of garbage, CFC exhaust mixed with heat during the day creates a toxic mix.
Pollution has made things worse in the cities. Nausea, severe headache, bronchitis, asthma, organ failure are
few health problem faced by urban dwellers.
Slum and Squatter Settlements
The migration of rural poor in search of jobs to the cities have created slums and squatter settlements where
there is no basic facilities. These settlements have become the breeding ground for illegal activities and
crime.

Traffic congestion Lacking of garbage disposal Lacking of drainage system Lacking of water facility

ISSUES 23
 Opportunities
Strength
Vision 2026
is to make
Chennai a prime
metropolis
which will be
more
livable,
economically
vibrant and
environmentally
Weaknesses

sustainable and

Threats
with better
assets
for the future
generations

SWOT ANALYSIS 24