Complex Analysis

Analytic Functions
These are those complex functions which satisfy the following conditions
single valued function
continuous and unique derivatives at each point in domain

Cauchy-Riemann Equations

Harmonic Functions
Any function is said to be harmonic if it satisfies the Laplace equation

Construction of Analytic Function

f(z)=u+iv
There are three methods-
1. When u is given
2. When v is given
3. Milne’s method (fast)
A. When u is given
B. When v is given

From the first two methods, f(z) is formed in terms of x and y. That means, we have to again mix x
and y to make the function in terms of z. But from Milne’s method, the function is formed in terms
of z. So this one is more preferred.

Milne’s Method working rule

- When u is given
- When v is given

A QUESTION

Cauchy-Riemann Equations in polar form

Cauchy’s Theorem and Cauchy’s Integral Formula

Singular points- Points at which the value of function is not defined.

Cauchy’s Theorem
Cauchy’s Integral Formula

QUESTION

Now some editing in the formula

Then partial fraction it and then use the formula

Types of singularities

• Isolated Singularities — z=a is an isolated singularity of function f(z) if a circle around that point
can be constructed such that there are not singular points in it( except a).
Residue at a pole

How to find residue at a pole

Residue Theorem
Few questions
Some tricky ones
Now, since one pole lies inside the circle, we have to use the residue theorem, else the value of
this integral would be equal to zero by Cauchy’s Theorem.
Some important remarks

Do this only when cosine or sine is in denominator, else the question will become very lengthy.
Laurent and Taylor Series
this one is different
 Numerical Techniques

 Fixed point method (Iteration method)

 If there are multiple fi(x) for which value of value of derivative at x0 is less than 1, then take
that fi(x) where you get the closest value to 0 (not 1).

 Difference Operators
Relation between Difference Operators
Questions
 Interpolation

Newton’s Forward Difference Interpolation

The degree of polynomial that is formed from n data points is n-1.
Newton’s backward difference interpolation formula

QUESTIONS
Stirling Central Difference Interpolation
QUESTIONS
Lagrange’s Interpolation and Inverse Interpolation
QUESTIONS
Newton’s Divided Difference Interpolation Formula
 Numerical Integration
QUESTIONS
 Regular Falsi Method

Newton Raphson’s Method

Crout’s Method
Gauss- Jacobi Method

QUESTION
Gauss- Siedal Method
QUESTIONS
Picard Successive Approximation Method
QUESTION
A question left

Euler’s Method

QUESTION
Euler’s Modified Method
QUESTION
Runge Kutta Method
QUESTION
Curve Fitting
Remark
Correlation
COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION
1- Obvious
2- Perfect positive correlation, Perfect negative correlation
3- No Correlation
4- No effect on the value of correlation by using u, v.

QUESTION
RANK CORRELATION

Case-1
Case-2
Case-3
Regression Analysis
byx and bxy are the coefficients of x and y after making the coefficients of y and x unity
respectively.

Now to calculate the regression coefficients using data points

In the third property the sign of rho will be the sign of the regression coefficients. Both regression
coefficients will have the same sign.
QUESTION
If line 1 is assumed as Y on X then answer for bxy=5 > 1 and from line 2, byx= 45/64 = 0.703 < 1 hence
the result differs. So, we should check for bxy * byx <= 1 instead.

PROBABILITY
Binomial and Poisson’s Probability Distribution
n should be small like 10,20 but not 100, 200…
note the general formula for mean and standard deviation

QUESTION
QUESTIONS
Normal Distribution
Testing of Hypothesis
CHI-SQUARE TEST
QUESTION
 UNIT-5

Fourier Series
Fourier Transform
This one is wrong because of the missing exponential term
Convolution Theorem for Fourier Transform