Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
June 2015
Systems Operation
Testing and Adjusting
C175 Engine for MT5300D Off-Highway
Truck
MT5 1-Up (Machine)
SAFETY.CAT.COM
i05296198
In the United States, the maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and
systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual of the owner's choosing.
UENR3017 3
Table of Contents
Index Section
Index................................ ............................... 70
UENR3017 5
Engine Operation
Engine Operation
i03439820
NOTICE
Excessive ether (starting fluid) can cause piston and
ring damage. Use ether for cold weather starting pur-
poses only.
Control Functions
Control functions are typically commands that are
derived internally to the ECM circuitry. Control
functions are used in order to calculate the necessary
effect on the signal status for the output circuits that
Illustration 1 g01790693
control the engine operation. The ECM utilizes the
output drivers and data link communications to
Typical view of the ECM implement control over engine operation.
(1) J1/P1 ECM connector
(2) J2/P2 ECM connector
Data Link Communications
The ECM has two connectors. The J1/P1 connector
(1) is a 70-pin connector, while the J2/P2 connector The ECM uses two different communication protocols
(2) is a 120-pin connector. Each pin provides a for data link communications:
connection point for a signal interface for the ECM.
• Cat Data Link
Overview of the Electronic Control • CAN data link (SAE J1939)
System
These two types of data links are the main structure
The electronic control system is designed to fully for communication between all of the controllers on
control engine operation for optimum performance the engine and on the machine.
with minimal emissions.
The CAN data link is mainly used for communications
The ECM is the engine control computer for the between the engine ECM and controllers and
engine's electronic control system. The ECM displays that are on the engine and on the machine.
provides the capacity for the input/output functions, The CAN data link may also be used for
the control functions, the data link communications, communications with Caterpillar Electronic
and the computational functionallity for the system. Technician (ET).
This functionality is detailed below:
Communications on the Cat Data Link utilize a
Caterpillar proprietary language that is used for
communications between Caterpillar proprietary
controllers and displays. The Cat Data Link is also
used for communications with Cat ET.
UENR3017 7
Electronic Control System
Computational Functionallity
The computational functionality of the ECM is
dedicated to all aspects of engine operation and
engine monitoring. The ECM is continuously
evaluating the engine's current state of operation.
The results are compared by the ECM to the engine's
desired state of operation. The ECM evaluates the
difference between these two states in order to
calculate the necessary control command signals.
The ECM then modifies output signals in order to
bring the current state of operation closer to the
desired state of operation. The ECM also compares
the current state of operation to an acceptable range
of operation. If the status of any parameter is not
within the acceptable range of operation, the ECM
communicates the adverse condition to the operator.
ECM Software
The ECM software is typically called a flash file. The
flash file is a data file that is installed into the ECM.
This data file provides the ECM with the software and
the data that is needed to run the engine. Occasional
updates to the flash file are provided by Caterpillar .
The new software files can be downloaded from the
Service Information System (SIS) web site. Use Cat
ET to download the flash file to the ECM.
8 UENR3017
Engine Monitoring System
Fuel System
i06141363
Illustration 2 g03834040
Fuel system components (typical right side engine view)
(1) Fuel injectors (left side) (7) Fuel injectors (right side) (11) Pressure sensor at the inlet of the fuel
(2) Fuel rail pressure sensor (8) Unfiltered fuel pressure sensor priming pump
(3) Check valve for the outer wall of the fuel (9) Temperature sensor for the low-pressure (12) Temperature sensor for the high-
rail fuel pressure fuel
(4) Fuel control valve and controller (10) Manual switch for the electric fuel (13) Filtered fuel pressure sensor
(5) Power module priming pump (14) Block assembly that contains the in-line
(6) Electric fuel priming pump high-pressure fuel filter
UENR3017 11
Fuel System
Illustration 3 g03823843
Schematic of the low-pressure fuel system (typical configuration)
(15) Priming pump (19) Tertiary fuel filter (23) Check valve for fuel return
(16) Manual air vent (20) High-pressure fuel pump (24) Fuel tank
(17) Transfer pump (21) Pressure regulator (25) Ball valve
(18) Secondary fuel filters (22) Orifice (26) Primary fuel filters
Illustration 4 g03824170
Schematic of the low-pressure fuel system equipped with the clean fuel module (typical configuration)
(15) Priming pump (20) High-pressure fuel pump (25) Ball valve
(16) Manual air vent (21) Pressure regulator (26) Primary fuel filters
(17) Transfer pump (22) Orifice (27) Clean fuel module
(18) Secondary fuel filters (23) Check valve for fuel return
(19) Tertiary fuel filter (24) Fuel tank
14 UENR3017
Fuel System
The clean fuel module is an additional pump that pump pressurizes the fuel. The pressure that is
pushes fuel from the fuel tank to the transfer/priming generated by the pump is regulated by fuel control
pumps on the engine. The clean fuel module uses valve (34). The fuel control valve regulates the
kidney looping to continuously circulate fuel through pressure by restricting the amount of fuel that is
the primary filters. A sensor has been added to allowed to enter the intake of the pump. A relief valve
monitor the fuel pressure out of the clean fuel module that is internal to the high-pressure fuel pump limits
to more accurately measure fuel filter restriction. the maximum fuel pressure that is generated by the
pump to approximately 205 MPa (30,000 psi).
The clean fuel module performs the following:
The high-pressure fuel flows from the pump and the
• Removes more particulates by recirculating fuel fuel is filtered by in-line high-pressure fuel filter (35).
through the primary filters The high-pressure fuel then enters high-pressure fuel
lines (double wall fuel line) (29) and the fuel is
• Improves operation at low fuel tank levels delivered to fuel injectors (32). A small amount of fuel
return flow that is expected returns to the tank
• Helps with maintaining priming and with engine through fuel lines (28). Flow limiter valve (31) limits
starting the maximum flow of fuel to each injector.
• Low pressure (instead of suction) enhances the Note: Fuel leakage into outer wall (30) of the double
ability to detect leaks in the fuel system wall fuel lines is considered to be a leak in the high-
pressure fuel system. If leakage into the outer wall is
High Pressure Fuel System identified, perform the necessary repairs. Refer to
Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel Rail Leakage - Check”
for information related to checking the high-pressure
fuel system for leakage.
• Temperature sensors
The ECM receives data that is related to the current
engine operating conditions from the various
electronic components. The ECM utilizes this data in
order to calculate the correct injection timing and
injection duration. A throttle signal is also calculated
for the fuel control valve. An injection signal is sent to
Illustration 5 g03833289
the fuel injectors in order to provide fuel delivery to
the engine.
(20) High-pressure fuel pump
(23) Check valve for fuel return Refer to Systems Operation, “Fuel Injector” for
(24) Fuel tank information that is related to the operation of the fuel
(28) Fuel lines for fuel return flow
(29) High-pressure fuel line
injectors.
(30) Outer wall for high-pressure leak collection
(31) Flow limiter valve i03454160
(32) Fuel injectors
(33) Low-pressure fuel system
(34) Fuel control valve Fuel Injector
(35) In-line high-pressure fuel filter
(36) Check valve for the injector bypass SMCS Code: 1290
Illustration 6 g01799294
Fuel injector and solenoid
Illustration 7 g01799117
Fuel injector tip
16 UENR3017
Air Inlet and Exhaust System
Air Inlet and Exhaust There are two intake valves and two exhaust valves
for each cylinder. Refer to Systems Operation/Testing
System and Adjusting, “Valve Mechanism”.
The intake valves open when the piston moves down
on the intake stroke. The cooled, compressed air is
pulled into the cylinder from the inlet chamber. The
intake valves close and the piston starts to move up
i03508463 on the compression stroke. When the piston is near
the top of the compression stroke, fuel is injected into
Air Inlet and Exhaust System the cylinder. The fuel mixes with the air and
combustion begins. The force that is generated by
Operation combustion pushes the piston downward on the
power stroke. When the piston moves upward again,
SMCS Code: 1050 the piston is on the exhaust stroke. The exhaust
The components of the air inlet and exhaust system valves open and the exhaust gases are pushed
control the quality and the amount of air that is through the exhaust port into exhaust manifold (1).
available for combustion. There are four separate After the exhaust stroke is complete, the exhaust
turbochargers. The exhaust manifolds are mounted valves close and the cycle starts again.
on the top of the engine between the valve Exhaust gases from exhaust manifold (1) enter the
mechanism covers. The engine utilizes a single turbine side of the turbocharger. The exhaust gases
camshaft that runs down the top center of the engine cause turbine wheel (3) to turn. The turbine wheel is
block. The camshaft controls the movement of the connected to the shaft that drives the turbocharger's
valve system components. The engine utilizes cross
flow cylinder heads to provide ventilation for engine's compressor wheel. The exhaust gases exit through
combustion system. exhaust outlet (2).
i04257929
Valve Mechanism
SMCS Code: 1102
The valve system components control the flow of the
inlet air and the exhaust gases to the cylinder and
from the cylinders during engine operation.
Illustration 8 g01319918
Typical example
(1) Exhaust manifold
(2) Exhaust outlet
(3) Turbocharger turbine wheel
(4) Turbocharger compressor wheel
(5) Air inlet
(6) Air intake manifold
Air from the air filters is pulled through air inlet (5) into
the turbocharger compressor by turbocharger
compressor wheel (4). The rotation of the
turbocharger compressor wheel forces the
compressed air through the air intake manifold (6)
and into the inlet chambers for each cylinder head.
This compressed air fills the inlet chambers in the
cylinder heads. Air flow from the inlet chamber into
the cylinder heads is controlled by the engine's intake
valves.
UENR3017 17
Air Inlet and Exhaust System
i03510525
Turbocharger
SMCS Code: 1052
Illustration 9 g02428457
Valve system components
(1) Valve spring
(2) Rotocoil
(3) Valve bridge assembly
(4) Rocker arm
(5) Rocker shaft assembly Illustration 10 g01846560
(6) Pushrod Turbocharger mounting (typical example)
(7) Valve lifter
(8) Camshaft (1) Turbocharger
(9) Camshaft lobes (2) Oil supply lines
(3) Mounting supports for the turbochargers
Camshaft (8) is rotated through the rear gear train by
the crankshaft. The rotation of camshaft is precisely The inlet of the turbine side of each turbocharger (1)
timed to the rotation of the crankshaft. This timing is connected to the turbocharger's respective exhaust
ensures that the correct relation between the manifold. The outlet of the compressor side of each
movement of the piston and the movement of the turbocharger is connected to the engine's air intake
valves is maintained. manifolds. Engine oil is supplied to the turbocharger's
shaft bearing through oil supply lines (2). The oil
Two lobes (9) are machined into the camshaft for drains to the crankcase through mounting supports
each cylinder. One lobe operates the valve (3).
mechanism components for the inlet valves and the
other lobe operates the valve mechanism
components for the exhaust valves.
As the camshaft rotates, the rollers on valve lifters (7)
travel up the camshaft lobes. Pushrod (6) transfers
this motion to rocker arm (4). The rocker arms pivot
on rocker shaft assemblies (5). The rocker arms act
as a lever as the motion is transferred to the top of
valve bridge assembly (3). The valve bridge
assemblies transfer movement from the rocker arms
to the top of the valve stems. The bridge assemblies
operate two valves simultaneously. There is a pair of
intake valves and a pair of exhaust valves for each
cylinder.
Rotocoils (2) initiate a rotational movement to the
valves as the valves are opened and closed. The
rotation of the valves keeps the carbon deposits on
the valves to a minimum which gives the valves a
longer service life.
Valve springs (1) are used to provide a spring tension
force on the valves. This force causes the valves to
close as the lifters travel off the camshaft lobe.
18 UENR3017
Air Inlet and Exhaust System
Illustration 11 g01192286
Turbocharger cartridge
(4) Compressor wheel
(5) Bearing
(6) Oil inlet port
(7) Bearing
(8) Turbine wheel
(9) Oil outlet port
Lubrication System
i05485869
Illustration 12 g03468059
Schematic for the lubrication system
(1) Engine oil coolers (7) Pressure relief valve for the lubrication (11) Pressure regulator valve for the
(2) Engine oil filters system lubrication system
(3) High-pressure fuel pump (8) Main oil gallery (12) Engine oil pump
(4) Turbochargers (9) Engine block (13) Suction screen
(5) Turbocharger mounting support (10) Engine oil cooler bypass valve (14) Scavenge oil pump
(6) Rear gear train (15) Engine oil pan
20 UENR3017
Lubrication System
Illustration 13 g03177608
External oil lines connected to passages in the front
cover supply oil to the front-mounted turbochargers
(16) Main oil gallery (4). The return oil from the turbochargers drains back
into the oil pan through mounting supports (5).
Engine oil pump (12) is a gear-type pump that
generates flow for the lubrication system. The engine The main oil gallery is connected to the main
oil pump is mounted on the back side of the front gear bearings by drilled holes. Drilled holes in the
housing. The pump gears are driven by a splined crankshaft connect the main bearing oil supply to the
shaft connected to the front gear train. Oil is drawn rod bearings. Oil flows to the connecting rod bushings
into the inlet of the pump through a tube and through and wrist pins through drilled passages in the
suction screen (13). connecting rods.
The pressure regulator housing (11) is mounted to the
engine oil pump. Within the regulator housing, a
pressure regulator valve controls the engine oil
pressure using pressure from the main oil galley as
the control signal in most scenarios. A secondary
control signal, taken from the oil pump outlet elbow,
can sometimes adjust the regulator valve position, for
example, during a cold start to mitigate the oil
pressure spike that occurs with first crank. Which
signal is used for controlling the regulator is
determined by two check valves in each control
signal line. Oil pressure is targeted at 600 ± 100 kPa
(87 ± 15 psi) at rated speed of the engine. In the case
of a problem with the pressure regulator valve, the
pressure relief valve (7) limits the maximum pressure
in the lubrication system to 850 kPa (123 psi). Both
of the valves returns excess engine oil to engine oil
pan (10).
Scavenge oil pump (14) transfers oil from the shallow
end of the engine oil pan to the oil sump. The
scavenge oil pump is driven by the front gear train.
The pressurized oil is directed through engine oil
coolers (1). The engine oil coolers lower the
temperature of the engine oil before the engine oil is
sent to the filters. If the oil coolers become restricted,
engine oil cooler bypass valve (10) allows engine oil
to bypass the oil coolers. If the pressure differential
across the oil coolers exceeds 180 kPa (26 psi), the
bypass valve will allow engine oil to bypass the oil Illustration 14 g03177642
coolers. The oil coolers are mounted to the left side of Piston cooling and lubrication of the piston pin
the engine.
(17) Drilled passage
(18) Piston cooling jets
UENR3017 21
Lubrication System
Cooling System
i05335197
Illustration 15 g01795173
Cooling system diagram
UENR3017 23
Cooling System
Illustration 17 g01873520
Illustration 16 g01871934
Components for the cylinder pack
Cylinder block and components for the lower end of
the engine (A) Machined counterbore surface for the sleeve
(B) Machined grooves for the O-ring seals
(1) Cylinder block (C) Liner flange
(2) Piston cooling jet (8) O-ring seals
(3) Crankcase covers (9) Cylinder liner
(4) Crankshaft (10) Sleeve
(5) Main bearing cap (11) Piston rings
(6) Saddle bolts for the main bearing cap (12) Piston
(7) Main bearing studs (13) Connecting rod
(14) Piston pin
The cylinders for this engine are positioned at a 30
degree angle from the vertical centerline of cylinder
block (1).
Piston cooling jets (2) are mounted to the cylinder
block. The oil spray from the jets is used to provide
lubrication to the piston. The oil spray is also used to
cool the piston rings.
UENR3017 25
Basic Engine
i03089943
Illustration 20 g01293536
Illustration 19 g01293483
Connecting rod
Piston assembly
The connecting rod has a taper on the pin bore end.
The piston is a one-piece piston that is made of This taper gives the rod and the piston more strength
forged steel. A large circumferential slot separates in the areas with the most load. Six bolts, which are
the crown and the skirt. The crown and the skirt set at a small angle, hold the rod cap to the rod. This
remain attached by the strut for the pin bore. The design keeps the rod width to a minimum, so that a
crown carries all three piston rings. Oil from the piston larger rod bearing can be used. The connecting rod,
cooling jets flows through a chamber which is located the piston, and the liner must be removed as a group.
directly behind the rings. The oil cools the piston The connecting rod can not be removed without also
which improves the life of the rings. The pistons have removing the liner.
three rings which include two compression rings and
one oil ring. All the rings are located above the piston The connecting rod is a one-piece forging that is
pin bore. Oil returns to the crankcase through holes in fractured hydraulically in order to split the big end cap
the oil ring groove. from the connecting rod. This process produces a
rough surface that is accurately matched on each
side for improved strength. The rough surface also
prevents lateral movement of the mating surfaces.
The caps and the rods must stay together as a pair.
The caps and the rods cannot be mixed.
The connecting rods are different for each side of the
engine. The connecting rods must be installed on the
correct side of the engine.
UENR3017 27
Basic Engine
i02613930 i02613931
Crankshaft Camshaft
SMCS Code: 1202 SMCS Code: 1210
The crankshaft changes the combustion forces in the There is one camshaft. The C175-16 camshaft is
cylinder into usable rotating torque. A vibration supported by nine bearings. The C175-20 camshaft is
damper is used at the front of the crankshaft in order supported by eleven bearings. The camshaft is driven
to reduce torsional vibrations (twist) that can cause by the rear gear group.
damage to the engine.
The camshaft must be in time with the crankshaft.
The crankshaft drives a group of gears on the front The relation of the camshaft lobes to the crankshaft
and on the rear of the engine. The gear group on the position causes the valves in each cylinder to operate
front of the engine drives the oil pump, the water at the correct time.
pumps, the fuel pump, and the accessory drives.
The rear gear group drives the camshaft and the
accessory drives.
Seals and wear sleeves are used at both ends of the
crankshaft. The C175-16 crankshaft is held in place
by nine main bearings. The C175-20 crankshaft is
held in place by eleven main bearings. A thrust plate
at either side of the rear main bearing controls the
end play of the crankshaft.
28 UENR3017
Air Starting System
Air Starting System When the engine control senses the crank terminate
speed, starting motor solenoid (4) is de-energized.
The control valve closes in order to shut off the main
supply of pressurized air to the starting motor.
i03089981
Illustration 23 g01326388
Typical example
(1) Air starting motor
(2) Air inlet
(3) Control valve
(4) Starting motor solenoid
i03078894
Alternator
Grounding Practices
SMCS Code: 1400
Proper grounding is necessary for optimum engine
performance and reliability. Improper grounding will
result in uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and in
unreliable electrical circuit paths.
Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can result in
damage to main bearings, to connecting rod bearing
journal surfaces, and to aluminum components.
Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can also cause
electrical activity that may degrade the engine
electronics and communications.
Ensure that all grounds are secure and free of
corrosion. Illustration 24 g01325347
The engine alternator must be grounded to the Alternator components (typical example)
negative “-” battery terminal with a wire that is (1) Regulator
adequate to carry the full charging current of the (2) Roller bearing
alternator. (3) Stator winding
(4) Ball bearing
For the starting motor, do not attach the battery (5) Rectifier bridge
negative terminal to the engine block. (6) Field winding
(7) Rotor assembly
(8) Fan
NOTICE
This engine is equipped with a 24 volt starting system. The alternator is driven by a belt from an auxiliary
Use only equal voltage for boost starting. The use of drive at the front right corner of the engine. This
a welder or higher voltage will damage the electrical alternator is a three-phase, self-rectifying charging
system. unit, and the regulator is part of the alternator.
The voltage regulator is a solid-state, electronic When two sets of windings in the solenoid are used,
switch. The regulator turns on and the regulator turns the windings are called the hold-in winding and the
off many times in one second in order to control the pull-in winding. Both of the winding have the same
field current to the alternator. The output voltage from number of turns around the cylinder. However, the
the alternator will now supply the needs of the battery pull-in winding uses a wire with a larger diameter in
and the other components in the electrical system. No order to produce a greater magnetic field. When the
adjustment can be made in order to change the rate start switch is closed, part of the current flows from
of charge on these alternator regulators. the battery through the hold-in windings. The rest of
the current flows through the pull-in windings to the
motor terminal. The current then goes through the
i04240172
motor to the ground. When the solenoid is fully
activated, current is shut off through the pull-in
Starting System windings. Only the smaller hold-in windings are in
SMCS Code: 1450 operation for the extended time. This time is the
amount of time that is needed for the engine to start.
The solenoid will now take less current from the
Starting Solenoid for Electric battery. The heat that is made by the solenoid will be
kept at an acceptable level.
Starting Motors
A solenoid is an electromagnetic switch that does two
Electric Starting Motor
basic operations. The starting motors are used to turn the engine
• Close the high current starting motor circuit with a flywheel in order to get the engine running.
low current start switch circuit.
Illustration 26 g01192489
Cross section of the starting motor (typical example)
(1) Field
Illustration 25 g00285112 (2) Solenoid
(3) Clutch
Typical solenoid (4) Pinion
(5) Commutator
The solenoid has windings (one or two sets) around a (6) Brush assembly
hollow cylinder. There is a spring-loaded plunger (7) Armature
inside the cylinder. The plunger can move forward
and backward. When the start switch is closed and The starting motor has a solenoid. When the start
the electricity is sent through the windings, a switch is activated, electricity will flow through the
magnetic field is made. The magnetic field pulls the windings of the solenoid. The solenoid core will move
plunger forward in the cylinder. The motion moves the in order to push the starting motor pinion with a
shift lever in order to engage the pinion drive gear mechanical linkage. The pinion engages with the ring
with the ring gear. The front end of the plunger makes gear on the flywheel of the engine. The starting motor
contact across the battery and the motor terminals of pinion engages the ring gear before the contacts in
the solenoid. The starting motor begins to turn the the solenoid close the circuit between the battery and
engine flywheel. the starting motor. When the circuit between the
battery and the starting motor is complete, the pinion
When the start switch is opened, current no longer will turn the engine flywheel. A clutch gives protection
flows through the windings. The spring pushes the to the starting motor. The engine cannot turn the
plunger back to the original position. The spring starting motor too fast. When the start switch is
simultaneously moves the pinion gear away from the released, the starting motor pinion will move away
flywheel. from the flywheel ring gear.
UENR3017 31
Electrical System
i01259850
Circuit Breaker
SMCS Code: 1420
The circuit breaker is a switch that opens the battery
circuit if the current in the electrical system goes
higher than the rating of the circuit breaker.
A heat-activated metal disc with a contact point
completes the electric circuit through the circuit
breaker. If the current in the electrical system gets too
high the metal disc will get hot. This heat causes a
distortion of metal disc. The disc opens the contacts.
The disc breaks the circuit.
NOTICE
Find and correct the problem that causes the circuit
breaker to open. This will help prevent damage to the
circuit components from too much current.
32 UENR3017
Fuel System
Fuel System Before beginning any work on the fuel system, refer
to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “General Haz-
ard Information and High Pressure Fuel Lines” for
safety information.
Refer to Systems Operation, “Cleanliness of Fuel
i05188989 System Components” for detailed information on the
standards of cleanliness that must be observed dur-
Fuel System Inspection ing all work on the fuel system.
SMCS Code: 1250-040
Do not service the high-pressure fuel system before
releasing the remaining high-pressure fuel from the
system. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Fuel Rail
Pressure - Release”.
Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid
penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel All of the parts of the fuel system must be clean.
spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow Contaminants will cause rapid wear. Contaminants
these inspection, maintenance and service in- will also cause shortened component life.
structions may cause personal injury or death.
The high-pressure fuel system uses joints that consist
of a spherical ball and a conical socket. These joints
provide improved sealing at high fuel pressures.
Protective end caps must be used when the high-
pressure fuel system is serviced. Do not reuse the
Personal injury or death can result from improp- protective end caps.
erly checking for a leak.
Each joint of the high-pressure fuel system must be
Always use a board or cardboard when checking cleaned before the system is disassembled. Each
for a leak. Escaping air or fluid under pressure, joint of the high-pressure fuel system must be
even a pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body tis- cleaned before a component is installed, including
sue causing serious injury, and possible death. new parts.
If fluid is injected into your skin, it must be treated A problem with the components that supply fuel to the
immediately by a doctor familiar with this type of engine can cause low fuel pressure. Low fuel
injury. pressure can decrease engine performance.
NOTICE
a. Verify that the electric fuel priming pump is
Ensure that all adjustments and repairs that are car-
running. ried out to the fuel system are performed by author-
The vent port on the secondary fuel filter base ized personnel that have the correct training.
will purge the air from the system after the Before beginning ANY work on the fuel system, refer
secondary filters are changed. The purging to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “General Haz-
must be performed while the electric priming ard Information and High Pressure Fuel Lines” for
pump is running. safety information.
6. Check for fuel leaks on the high-pressure system. Refer to Systems Operation, “Cleanliness of Fuel
Verify that no leaks are present by inspecting the System Components” for detailed information on the
ports on the double wall fuel lines. standards of cleanliness that must be observed dur-
ing ALL work on the fuel system.
7. Check the injectors for an excessive bypass of fuel
by removing the return lines. In order to service the fuel system on C175 Engines,
the fuel that is under high pressure must be released.
i05133338 Use the following procedure to release the high-
pressure fuel from the fuel system.
Fuel Rail Pressure - Release 1. Allow the pressure in the fuel system to purge for
SMCS Code: 1251-553-PX; 1252-553-PX 15 minutes.
2. Use the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET) in
order to check the pressure of the fuel rail.
Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid Continue to monitor the pressure of the fuel rail if
penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel the pressure reading is higher than 1 to 2 MPa
spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow (145 to 290 psi).
these inspection, maintenance and service in-
structions may cause personal injury or death. If the pressure reading is decreasing after1 minute,
wait until the pressure reading has stopped
decreasing.
i04319710
NOTICE
Ensure that all adjustments and repairs that are car-
ried out to the fuel system are performed by author-
ized personnel that have the correct training.
Before beginning any work on the fuel system, refer
to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “General Haz-
ard Information and High Pressure Fuel Lines” for
safety information.
Refer to Systems Operation, “Cleanliness of Fuel
System Components” for detailed information on the
standards of cleanliness that must be observed dur-
ing all work on the fuel system.
Illustration 31 g02469977
Location of the pressure sensor for the high-
pressure fuel system (left fuel rail)
(6) Fuel pressure sensor
Illustration 32 g02469983
Location of the crossover tube for the high-
pressure fuel system (rear engine view)
(7) High-pressure fuel line that connects the fuel rails
UENR3017 37
Fuel System
Illustration 36 g02470017
(11) Sealing band on high-pressure fuel connections
(F) Example of scratches that may cause leaks
(G) Example of scratches that may not cause leaks
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product.
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain-
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
bling any component containing fluids. Illustration 37 g01799978
(1) Fuel return line from the fuel injectors
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Dealer (2) Fuel manifold
Service Tool Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable
to collect and contain fluids on Cat products.
a. Disconnect the fuel injector fuel return line (1)
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and from fuel manifold (2) at the high-pressure fuel
mandates. pump. Obtain a piece of plastic tubing that can
be attached to the end of the return line.
Connect one end of the tubing to the loose
NOTICE
Ensure that all adjustments and repairs that are per- return line. Place the other end of the tube into
formed on the fuel system are performed by author- a suitable container that can be used to
ized personnel. Ensure that these personnel have measure the fuel discharge from the return
had the correct training. line.
Before beginning any work on the fuel system, refer b. Start the engine. Allow the engine to stabilize
to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “General Haz- at a steady engine rpm.
ard Information and High Pressure Fuel Lines” for
safety information.
Refer to Systems Operation, “Cleanliness of Fuel
System Components” for detailed information that is
related to the standards of cleanliness that must be
observed during all work on the fuel system.
Illustration 38 g02246114
Injector bypass fuel flow that is allowable for the engine
Illustration 40 g02246534
Injector bypass fuel flow that is allowable for each cylinder bank of the engine
Illustration 42 g02246553
Injector bypass fuel flow that is allowable for each injector
Note: During engine cranking, the flow rate should Refer to Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting,
be minimal to zero. Refer to Illustration 42 to “Fuel Rail Leakage - Check” for details.
determine if the flow rate during engine cranking is
excessive i02672579
c. Measure the flow rate that drains from the
individual injectors. Use Illustration 42 to Checking Engine Cylinders
determine if the flow rate for each injector is
SMCS Code: 1290-535
excessive.
When the engine is under load, the temperature of an
5. Stop the engine. exhaust manifold port can indicate the condition of a
fuel injector. Low temperature at an exhaust manifold
6. Replace any injectors that are leaking excessively. port is an indication of no fuel to the cylinder. This can
possibly indicate an injector with a defect or a
7. Restore the fuel system to the original problem with the control system. An extra high
configuration. Clean up any fuel that may have temperature at an exhaust manifold port can indicate
been spilled. too much fuel to the cylinder. High temperatures may
also be caused by an injector with a defect.
8. Recheck the fuel flow at the return line that is for
the high-pressure fuel pump in order to ensure that Refer to Testing And Adjusting, “Measuring Exhaust
Temperature” for the procedure to check the exhaust
the problem has been resolved manifold port temperatures.
9. Recheck for excess fuel leakage in the fuel rail that
could have been introduced from the replacement
of the injectors.
UENR3017 43
Fuel System
i02900273 i01255770
i02659563
Camshaft Timing
SMCS Code: 1210
Timing Check
Illustration 44 g01314180
(2) 269-0550 Timing Pin Assembly
(3) Plug
(4) Pin locations
(5) Slot in flywheel for timing pin
NOTICE
Illustration 46 g01336118 If a camshaft is out of time more than 18 degrees (ap-
(3) Lifting bracket
proximately 1/2 the diameter of timing pin out of
(4) Bolts groove), the valves can make contact with the pis-
tons. This will cause damage that will make engine re-
1. Remove bolts (4). Remove lifting bracket (3). pair necessary.
Illustration 47 g01336520
(5) “RR” Marking
46 UENR3017
Fuel System
Illustration 50 g01336483
6. Install cover (8), cover (9), bolts (7), bolts (10), and
harness assemblies (6).
Illustration 49 g01336433
(11) Camshaft gear
(12) Spacer
(13) Bolts
(14) Bolt
i02613936
Table 3
Counterclockwise rotation (Standard) from the flywheel end of the engine
Cylinders to Check/Adjust
Table 4
Counterclockwise rotation (Standard) from the flywheel end of the engine
Cylinders to Check/Adjust
Air Inlet and Exhaust A difference in fuel density will change horsepower
and boost. If the fuel is rated above 35 API, the
System pressure in the inlet manifold can be less than the
pressure that is given in the TMI. If the fuel is rated
below 35 API, the pressure in the inlet manifold can
be more than the pressure that is given in the TMI.
Be sure that the air inlet or the exhaust does not have
i03082021 a restriction when you are making a check of the
pressure.
Restriction of Air Inlet and Note: The electronic service tool may be used to
Exhaust check the pressure in the inlet manifold.
SMCS Code: 1050-040
i05988338
There will be a reduction in the performance of the
engine if there is a restriction in the air inlet system or
the exhaust system.
Measuring Exhaust
Temperature
The air flow through the air cleaner may have a
restriction. The pressure at the restriction of the air SMCS Code: 1088-082
flow must not exceed 5.0 kPa (20.0 inch of H2O). Table 5
Back pressure is the difference in the pressure Tools Needed Qty
between the exhaust at the outlet elbow and the
atmospheric air. Back pressure from the exhaust 6V-9130 Temperature Adapter 1
must not be more than 6.7 kPa (27.0 inch of H2O).
237-5130 Digital Multimeter Gp 1
i01939065
Use the Cat ® Electronic Technician (ET) to monitor
individual cylinder exhaust temperatures, the exhaust
Measuring Inlet Manifold temperature to the turbocharger, and the exhaust
Pressure temperature after the turbocharger.
SMCS Code: 1058-082 The temperatures can be verified with the 6V-9130
Temperature Adapter and the 237-5130 Digital
The performance of an engine can be checked. Multimeter.
Determine the boost pressure in the inlet manifold
during a load test. Compare this pressure with the i03633153
specifications that are given in the Fuel Setting and
Related Information in the Technical Marketing
Information (TMI). This test is used when there is an Crankcase Pressure
increase in exhaust temperature to the turbocharger SMCS Code: 1215; 1317-082
on the engine, yet there is no real sign of a problem
with the engine. The Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET) can be
used to measure crankcase pressure. Crankcase
The performance and correct pressure for the inlet pressure is given on the display status screen in Cat
manifold is given in the Fuel Setting and Related ET. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) will perform
Information in the TMI. Development of this any of the following functions if the crankcase
information is done with these conditions: pressure is high in the engine: warning, derate and
shutdown. The response will depend on the
• The dry barometric pressure measures 96 kPa programming and the availability of the parameter of
(28.8 inches Hg). the monitoring system.
• 25 °C (77 °F) outside air temperature Pistons or rings that have damage can be the cause
of too much pressure in the crankcase. This condition
• 35 API rated fuel will cause the engine to run rough. There will be more
than the normal amount of fumes coming from the
Any change from these conditions can change the crankcase breather. This crankcase pressure can
pressure in the inlet manifold. The outside air may also cause the element for the crankcase breather to
have a higher temperature and a lower barometric have a restriction in a very short time. This crankcase
pressure than the values that are given above. This pressure can also be the cause of any oil leakage at
will cause a lower inlet manifold pressure the gaskets and at the seals.
measurement than the pressure that is given in the
TMI. Outside air that has a lower temperature and a
higher barometric pressure will cause a higher inlet
manifold pressure measurement.
UENR3017 49
Air Inlet and Exhaust System
i05198265
Table 6
Tools Needed
i04046272
Illustration 52 g00296486
SMCS Code: 1304-081 The 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group measures the
engine oil pressure in the system. This engine tool
group can read the engine oil pressure inside the oil
manifold.
Work carefully around an engine that is running. Note: Refer to Special Instruction, SEHS8907, “Using
Engine parts that are hot, or parts that are mov- the 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group” for more
ing, can cause personal injury. information on using the 1U-5470 Engine Pressure
Group.
NOTICE Note: The engine oil pressure can also be measured
Keep all parts clean from contaminants. by using an electronic service tool. Refer to
Troubleshooting for information on the use of the
Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET).
component life.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product.
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain-
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
bling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Dealer
Service Tool Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable
to collect and contain fluids on Cat products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
52 UENR3017
Lubrication System
Illustration 53 g02280053
Location of the pressure tap for the lubrication system
(right side engine view)
(1) Plug
(2) Oil filter base
i02826193
Visual Inspection
SMCS Code: 1350-535
Perform a visual inspection of the cooling system
before a test is made with test equipment.
Illustration 54 g00286266
• Coolant loss
• Overcooling
54 UENR3017
Cooling System
If the coolant level is too low, air will get into the A water temperature regulator that does not open
cooling system. Air in the cooling system reduces or a water temperature regulator that only opens
coolant flow. Air creates bubbles that contribute to part of the way can cause overheating.
cavitation. Bubbles in the coolant also reduce the
cooling capability. A water temperature regulator that does not close
enables overcooling.
2. Check the quality of the coolant. The coolant
should have the following properties: 8. Check the engine water pump and check the
auxiliary pump.
• Color that is similar to new coolant
Check for a fluid leak from the pump's weep hole
• Odor that is similar to new coolant during engine operation and check for a leak when
the engine is stopped. If either coolant or oil is
• Free from contamination leaking from the weep hole, replace the pump.
• Properties that are recommended by the A water pump with a damaged impeller does not
pump enough coolant for correct coolant flow. This
engine's Operation and Maintenance Manual
affects the engine's operating temperature.
If the coolant does not have these properties, drain Remove the water pump and check for damage to
the system and flush the system. Refill the cooling the impeller. Also inspect the inside of the pump's
system according to the engine's Operation and housing for scratches from the impeller.
Maintenance Manual.
i04317197
3. Check for air in the cooling system. Air can enter
the cooling system in different ways. The following Test Tools for the Cooling
conditions cause air in the cooling system:
System
• Filling the cooling system incorrectly SMCS Code: 0781; 1350
• Combustion gas leakage into the cooling Table 9
system
Tools Needed
Combustion gas can get into the system through Part Number Part Name Quantity
the following conditions: internal cracks, damaged
cylinder head and damaged cylinder head gasket. 348-5430 Multi-Tool Gp 1
• Bent fins
• Debris between the folded cores Making contact with a running engine can cause
burns from hot parts and can cause injury from
• Damaged fan blades rotating parts.
5. Check the pressure cap. When working on an engine that is running, avoid
contact with hot parts and rotating parts.
If the pressure cap does not maintain the correct
pressure on the cooling system, the engine could
overheat. A decrease in cooling system pressure
reduces the temperature of the water's boiling
point.
Steam or hot coolant can cause severe burns.
6. Inspect the cooling system hoses and clamps.
Do not loosen the filler cap or the pressure cap on
Damaged hoses with leaks can normally be seen. a hot engine.
Hoses that have no visual leaks can soften during
operation. The soft areas of the hose can become Allow the engine to cool before removing the filler
kinked or crushed during operation. These areas of cap or the pressure cap.
the hose restrict the coolant flow. Hoses can crack
after a period of time. The inside of a hose can
deteriorate and the loose particles of the hose can
restrict the coolant flow.
7. Check the electric water temperature regulator.
UENR3017 55
Cooling System
Illustration 56 g00286369
9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump
i05186654
3. Loosen the radiator cap slowly and allow the
Radiator and Cooling System - pressure to vent from the cooling system.
Test 4. Remove the cap from the radiator.
SMCS Code: 1350-034; 1353-034
Test Procedure
1. Inspect the components of the radiator cap
carefully. Look for damage to the seal or to the
radiator filler neck sealing surface. Clean the seal
and the sealing surface of any foreign material and
deposits that have accumulated.
Illustration 58 g01024208
(1) Radiator top tank
(2) Expansion tank
Test Preparation
11. Allow the cooling system to remain pressurized If you suspect that the coolant temperature sensor is
for 5 minutes in order to check for internal leakage. inaccurate, perform the following procedure:
If the pressure that is indicated on the pressurizing Note: Ensure that the coolant level is at the correct
pump gauge decreases within the 5 minute period, level before performing this test.
there may be internal leak. Investigate the
problem. Perform the necessary repairs. 1. Remove plug (1).
12. Remove the pressurizing pump from the cooling 2. Install the 348-5430 Multi-Tool Gp.
system. Replace the test port plug.
a. Use the 274-8062Connector Fitting, the
i04413258
5P-4674O-Ring Adapter, and the 5P-2721
Nut in order to connect the 348-5430Multi-
Coolant Temperature Sensor - Tool Gp.
Basic Engine
i05359040
Illustration 66 g00286058
Flywheel clutch pilot bearing bore
Illustration 67 g00285931
Checking face runout of the flywheel housing
Illustration 70 g00285936
Illustration 71 g00285932
Checking bore runout of the flywheel housing
7. Turn the flywheel counterclockwise in order to put Replace the damper if the damper is bent or
the dial indicator at position (D). Write the damaged. Replace the damper if the bolt holes are
measurement in the chart. oversize. Replacement of the damper is also needed
at the time of a crankshaft failure due to torsional
8. Add the lines together in each column. forces.
Illustration 72 g00286046
Graph for total eccentricity
(1) Total vertical eccentricity
(2) Total horizontal eccentricity
(3) Acceptable value
(4) Unacceptable value
i01220768
Vibration Damper
SMCS Code: 1205-535
Damage to the damper or failure of the damper will
increase vibrations. This will result in damage to the
crankshaft.
UENR3017 63
Air/Electric Starting System
i02634828
Electrical System The 177-2330 Battery Analyzer will quickly test any
6 V or 12 V battery with a 50 to 4000 Cold Cranking
Amp (CCA), 65 to 5000 Cranking Amp (CA), or 6 to
500 Amp Hour (A-Hr) capacity.
The test can be completed in just 20 seconds and
i06050311
determines whether the battery is good.
Test Tools for the Electrical The 177-2330 Battery Analyzer features the
following:
System
SMCS Code: 0785 • Quickly and accurately test the condition of 6 V
and 12 V batteries (even discharged to as low as 1
Table 14 V). Checks for full state charge, condition of
Required Tools Qty battery, and battery voltage.
177-2330Battery Analyzer
Illustration 73 g03717970
177-2330 Battery Analyzer
UENR3017 65
Electrical System
Illustration 75 g01012117
225-8266 Ammeter Tool Gp
Battery
SMCS Code: 1401-081
NOTICE
The charging unit will be damaged if the connections
Illustration 76 g01015638
between the battery and the charging unit are broken
while in operation. Damage occurs because the load
146-4080 Digital Multimeter Gp from the battery is lost and because there is an in-
crease in charging voltage. High voltage will damage
The 146-4080 Digital Multimeter Gp is a portable
the charging unit, the regulator, and other electrical
instrument that has a digital display. This multimeter
is case hardened with a rubber protector cover that components.
provides extra protection against damage in field
applications. The 146-4080 Digital Multimeter Gp Use the 4C-4911 Battery Load Tester in order to test
can be used to perform the following measurements: a battery that does not maintain a charge when the
battery is active. Refer to Operating Manual,
• Amperage SEHS9249 for detailed instruction on the use of the
4C-4911 Battery Load Tester. See Special
• Capacitance Instruction, SEHS7633 for the correct procedure and
for the specifications to use when you test the
• Frequency batteries.
• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
i01223618
• Resistance
• Temperature
Charging System
SMCS Code: 1406-081
• Voltage
The condition of charge in the battery at each regular
The multimeter has an instant ohms indicator that inspection will show if the charging system operates
permits the checking of continuity for fast circuit correctly. An adjustment is necessary when the
inspection. Temperature measurements can be taken battery is constantly in a low condition of charge or a
by using the adapter for type K thermocouples. An large amount of water is needed. A large amount of
RS-232interface adaptor can be used to interface water would be more than one ounce of water per cell
with other electronic tools and displays. per week or per every 100 service hours.
Note: Refer to multimeter's Operator's Manual for When it is possible, make a test of the charging unit
complete information that is related to the use of the and voltage regulator on the engine, and use wiring
multimeter. This manual is packaged with the unit. and components that are a permanent part of the
system. Off-engine testing or bench testing will give a
test of the charging unit and voltage regulator
operation. This testing will give an indication of
needed repair. After repairs are made, perform a test
in order to prove that the units have been repaired to
the original condition of operation.
To check for correct output of the alternator, see the
Specifications module.
UENR3017 67
Electrical System
Before the start of on-engine testing, the charging Tightening the Alternator Pulley
system and the battery must be checked according to
the following steps. Nut
1. The battery must be at least 75 percent (1.225 Sp
Gr) of the full charge. The battery must be held
tightly in place. The battery holder must not put too
much stress on the battery.
Illustration 77 g01192754
i04331781
Tools for tightening the alternator pulley nut
Alternator Regulator (1)
(2)
8T-9293 Torque Wrench
261-0444 Adapter (1/2 inch female to 3/8 inch male)
SMCS Code: 1405-081 (3) 2P-8267 Socket Assembly
(4) 8H-8517 Combination Wrench (1-1/8 inch)
The charging rate of the alternator should be checked (5) 8T-5314 Socket
when an alternator is charging the battery too much.
The charging rate of the alternator should be checked Tighten the nut that holds the pulley with the tools
when an alternator is not charging the battery shown. Refer to the Specifications module for the
enough. Make reference to the Specifications module torque.
in order to find all testing specifications for the
alternators and regulators. i04641151
i02388967
Illustration 79 g01192757
Pinion clearance adjustment
(4) Shaft nut
(5) Pinion
(6) Pinion Clearance
Index
A Electric Starting System .................................. 67
Electrical System ........................................29, 64
Air Inlet and Exhaust System......................16, 48
Electrical System Operation ............................ 29
Air Inlet and Exhaust System Operation.......... 16
Electronic Control Module (ECM) ...................... 6
Air Starting System.......................................... 28
ECM Software................................................ 7
Air/Electric Starting System ............................. 63
Overview of the Electronic Control System.... 6
Alternator Regulator ........................................ 67
Electronic Control System ................................. 6
Tightening the Alternator Pulley Nut ............ 67
Engine Monitoring System................................. 8
Engine Oil Pressure - Test ............................... 51
B Engine Operation............................................... 5
Engine Rotation ............................................... 43
Basic Engine...............................................24, 58
Ether Control System......................................... 5
Battery ............................................................. 66
F
C
Finding the Top Center Position for the No.
Camshaft ......................................................... 27
1 Piston.......................................................... 43
Camshaft Timing.............................................. 44
Flywheel - Inspect............................................ 59
Timing Adjustment ....................................... 45
Bore Runout (Radial Eccentricity) of the
Timing Check ............................................... 44
Flywheel..................................................... 60
Charging System ........................................29, 66
Face Runout (Axial Eccentricity) of the
Alternator ..................................................... 29
Flywheel..................................................... 59
Checking Engine Cylinders ............................. 42
Flywheel Housing - Inspect ............................. 60
Checking Engine Cylinders with an
Bore Runout (Radial Eccentricity) of the
Electronic Service Tool .................................. 43
Flywheel Housing....................................... 61
Circuit Breaker................................................. 31
Face Runout (Axial Eccentricity) of the
Connecting Rod Bearings................................ 58
Flywheel Housing....................................... 60
Coolant Temperature Sensor - Test ................. 57
Fuel Injector..................................................... 14
Cooling System ..........................................22, 53
Fuel Rail Leakage - Check .............................. 34
Cooling System Operation............................... 22
Fuel Rail Pressure - Release........................... 33
Crankcase Pressure........................................ 48
Pressure Release by Loosening a Quill Tube
Crankshaft ....................................................... 27
................................................................... 33
Crankshaft Position for Valve Lash Setting...... 47
Fuel Rate Scaling (Fuel Correction Factor)
Cylinder Block.................................................. 58
(Diesel Fuel)..................................................... 8
Cylinder Block, Liners and Heads ................... 24
Fuel System................................................10, 32
Cylinder Block .............................................. 24
Fuel System Inspection ................................... 32
Cylinder Heads ............................................ 25
Fuel System Operation.................................... 10
Cylinder Liners ............................................. 24
Electronic Control System for Fuel Delivery
Cylinder Head.................................................. 58
................................................................... 14
Checking Valve Guide Bores ....................... 58
High Pressure Fuel System ......................... 14
Valve Guides................................................ 58
Low Pressure Fuel System ...........................11
Valve Seat Inserts ........................................ 58
Valves .......................................................... 58
G
E General Information (Air/Electric Starting
System).......................................................... 63
ECM Hour Increment Adjustment...................... 8
General Information (Cooling System) ............ 53
ECM Total Fuel Consumption Adjustment
General Information (Lubrication System)....... 51
(Diesel Fuel)..................................................... 8
UENR3017 71
Index Section
I V
Important Safety Information ............................. 2 Valve Lash - Adjust .......................................... 49
Injector Bypass Fuel Flow - Test...................... 38 Valve Mechanism ............................................ 16
Vibration Damper............................................. 62
Visual Inspection ............................................. 53
L
Lubrication System .....................................19, 51
Lubrication System Operation ......................... 19
M
Main Bearings.................................................. 58
Measuring Exhaust Temperature..................... 48
Measuring Inlet Manifold Pressure .................. 48
P
Pinion Clearance Adjustment .......................... 68
Pistons, Rings and Connecting Rods .............. 26
R
Radiator and Cooling System - Test ................ 56
Introduction .................................................. 56
Required Tools ............................................. 56
Test Preparation........................................... 56
Test Procedure............................................. 56
Restriction of Air Inlet and Exhaust.................. 48
S
Starting System ............................................... 30
Electric Starting Motor.................................. 30
Starting Motor Protection ............................. 31
Starting Solenoid for Electric Starting Motors
................................................................... 30
Systems Operation Section............................... 5
T
Table of Contents............................................... 3
Test Tools for the Cooling System ................... 54
Test Tools for the Electrical System ................. 64
146-4080 Digital Multimeter Gp ................. 66
©2015 Caterpillar CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow”, and the POWER EDGE trade
All Rights Reserved dress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and
may not be used without permission.