Identification

1. It is much larger than a groin, and is built to stabilize an inlet or other coastal feature rather than
to capture sand.
2. Are used to restrict the width of a river channel in low flows, thereby improving its navigability.
3. Can be created by placing environmentally friendly and long lived materials like steel or concrete
on the sea floor on which living organisms start go underwater.
4. It involves the placement of sandy material along the shore.
5. A natural or artificial slope or wall to regulate water levels. It is used to protect low-lying, coastal
areas from inundation by the sea under extreme conditions
6. State one advantage and disadvantage of planting mangroves
7.
8. Are essentially induced by high water velocity, high turbulence and high shear stress.
9. May be used for the control of bank erosion at bridges, pontoons and other structures on major
rivers.
10. Is a more sustainable, long-term and potentially cheaper approach to coastal defence, working
with natural processes to protect the shoreline.
11. An onshore construction used when erosion is so great that there is no beach left.
12. Composed of a layer of erosion-resistant material that covers the erodible material of the river
banks, and sometimes also the bed of the river
13. Coastal structures can be anything human-made in the coastal area. They are constructed
principally to protect the coast line.
14. Are miniature spurs that can help to deflect the flow from the bank to be protected
15. All engineering works constructed in a river that are required to guide and confine the flow to the
river channel. Used to stabilise or constrain a river.
16. An Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows
down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley.
17. Also called ditch checks, dikes, wattles, etc., are temporary or permanent linear structures placed
perpendicular to concentrated flows such as in drainage ditches, channels, and swales to reduce
flow velocities and prevent channel down-cutting.
18. The general name used in Jamaica for flexible structures of variable thickness and length,
composed of galvanized wire mesh, stone, wild-cane and riverbed materials.
19. A flood defense system designed to protect people and property from inland waterway floods
caused by heavy rainfall, gales or rapid melting snow.
20. Floods can be controlled by redirecting excess water to purpose-built canals or floodways, which
in turn divert the water to temporary holding ponds or other bodies of water where there is a
lower risk or impact to flooding.
21. This technique can reduce the impact of later droughts by using the ground as a natural reservoir.
22. The most destructive type of flood and can be fatal, as people are usually taken by surprise.
23. The effect of this kind of floods on people is more likely to be due to disease, malnutrition or
snakebites because they tend to develop slowly and can last for days and weeks.
24. These serve the purposed of confining flood waters to the stream and to portions of the flood
plain.
25. An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
26. Ponds placed on and off-side can minimize the damage to downstream structures by reducing
peak flows.
27. An enlarged natural or artificial lake, storage pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock
to store water.
28. These are long, cylindrical, slightly flexible structures of variable thickness, composed of wire and
rocks.
29. They are placed on the shaped banks of large, fast-moving streams where severe erosion is
occurring and many pose a danger to permanent structures.
30. Contains a high-density mix of hot lava blocks, pumice, ash and volcanic gas.
Answers

1. Jetty
2. Spur-dikes or Spurs
3. Artificial reef
4. Beach Filling and Subsequent Re-nourishment
5. Dike
6. Helps trap sediments
7. Affects investment opportunities in coastal areas
8. Erosion processes
9. Guide banks
10. Soft Engineering
11. Seawall
12. Revetment or Bank Protection
13. Coastal structures
14. Hard-points
15. River training
16. Lahar
17. Check Dams
18. Bunding
19. Self-closing flood barrier
20. Diversion canals
21. Floodplains and groundwater replenishment
22. Flash floods
23. Slow on-set floods
24. Levees
25. Flood
26. Detention Ponds
27. Reservoir
28. Sausage Groynes
29. Gabion/Mattress Groynes
30. Pyroclastic