Machine

Learning – Introduction
Why Learn ?
• Make sense of the messy real world
• Figure out underlying patterns in data which are too difficult to
program by hand

Fun experiment : Could you write

an algorithm to tell the presence
of a stop sign in an image
Components of Learning
An example : Credit approval
Attribute Value
Age 23 yrs.
Gender Male
Salary 20 L.p.a.
Years in job 1 yr.
Current Debt 15 L

Approve Credit ?
Components of Learning
• Input : X ( customer application )
• Output : Y (good / bad customer )
• Target function : f : X → Y (ideal credit approval formula)
• Data : (x1, y1),(x2,y2), · · · ,(xN ,yN) (historical records )
• Hypothesis: g : X → Y (formula to be used )
The essence of Learning

• A pattern exists
• We cannot pin it down mathematically
• We have data on it
Types of Learning

• Supervised learning
• Unsupervised learning
• Reinforcement learning

Running example : coin recognition

Supervised learning
( Input , Correct Output )
Unsupervised Learning

• Instead of (input , correct output)

we just get the input
Reinforcement learning
• Instead of (input,correct output)
we get (input, some output, grade for this output)