CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter examines the methodology of the study, sources of data,

sampling techniques, data gathering procedure, validity of instrument and
statistical technique.

Method

Travers as cited by Sevilla, et al. (2002) the principal aim of

descriptive (method of research) are to describe the nature of a situation as
it exists at the time of the study the causes of particular phenomena. In the
same book Sevilla et al mentioned Gay’s definition of descriptive research.
Gay explains descriptive research as a research involving collection of data
in order to test hypotheses or answer questions concerning the current
status of the subject of the study. A descriptive study decides and reports
the way things are. Descriptive research can only describe and interpret
what already exists. I cannot explain hypothetical situations just as
historical research has no control over what has happened in the past.

This study will utilize “descriptive” type of research. Particularly, there

are only 250 students of the female chemical engineering students covered
in the study who will serve as respondents.

Sources of Data

For the study purpose, both primary and secondary data will be used in
order to come up with accurate and objective finding.
Primary Data

Primary data are data that has been collected for the purpose for which
it is originally used (Jewel, 2001). The primary data for this particular
research is to be collected using questionnaires. These questionnaires are
to be answered by the female chemical engineering students of
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila.

Secondary data

According to Jewel (2001), secondary data is the data that is

collected for the purposes other than the original use. It is an anlysis of the
data that have already been collected for some other purpose. In this
research, the sources to be used to gather secondary data are the relevant
websites in the internet, books and previous research of other researchers
found both in the library of Technological Institute of the Philippines -
Manila and in the internet.

Sampling Technique

This study will apply simple random sampling. A simple random

sample is a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the
subset has an equal probability of being chosen. To obtain the sample from
the population, the formula shall be used.

𝑵
𝒏=
𝟏 + 𝑵𝒆𝟐

Where:
N= Sample Size

n= Population Size

e = Desired Margin of error

In this study, after examining several researches and using Gay

(1976) proposed sample table it adheres to take 10 percent sample size in
using descriptive research. For school year 2017-2018 Second semester,
there are total 250 female Chemical engineering students in TIP- Manila
campus. Applying the method of computation as explained above there
shall be respondents 250 students who shall be randomly selected for this
study.

Validity of Questionnaire

Validity is verification of the quality of the research instrument. It tries

to see whether the questionnaire or tests are clear or vague to the
respondents. It also tried to see whether the questions are too easy or
difficult. Again Gay (1976) proposed 10% of the total number of the
respondents should test the quality of the instrument.

This study will adhere to the 10% recommendation of Gay. A trial run
shall be conducted to a number of the respondents. In this stage the
respondents shall be asked whether the suggested items correspond to
their actual attitude to the catcalls produced by men towards women.

The second stage shall be the reformatting of the questionnaire.

Reformatting and rewording the questionnaire shall be based on the
recommendations of the respondents taken in the trial run stage. Vague
questions shall be cleared out, and all the suggestions of the respondents
shall be considered.

Data Gathering Procedure

Questionnaires shall be used in gathering the data for this study. It

will contain questions to answer the problems on the effect of personality
and mood of female ChE students towards catcalling of men. A random
sampling shall be applied to provide the 250 respondents an equal chance
of participation in the study.

To go into gathering data, a letter of permission shall be forwarded to

the Department Chair of Chemical Engineering Department at
Technological Institute of the Philippines – Manila. Once the permission is
obtained the researcher will distribute the respondents to the classroom.
The questionnaire shall be concise which is answerable in a short period of
time. However, depending on the time allotted by the professor in the class
when questionnaire is distributed the researcher could wait while the
respondents are filling out the questionnaires. It could be retrieved on the
day and time it is distributed to retrieve the answered questionnaires.

Research Instrument

Survey Questionnaire:

1. How did catcalling make you feel?

□ Angry
□ Annoyed
 □ Flattered
□ Mad
2. How often do you get catcalled?
□ Once a day
□ Once a week
□ Sometimes
□ Always
3. How are you related to the catcaller?
□ Neighbor
□ Acquaintances
□ Relatives
□ Friends
□ Stranger
4. How do you usually respond to catcalling?
□ Ignore the catcaller
□ Report the catcaller
□ Get into an argument with the catcaller
□ Get physically violent
5. Estimated age of the catcaller:
□ 13-19yrs old
□ 20-28yrs old
□ 29-35yrs old
□ 36-45yrs old
6. What changes did it bring to you?
□ Self-awareness
□ Anxiety
 □ Become extremely doubtful/cautious
□ Learn to defend one’s self
7. How did it affect your lifestyle?
□ Wary /cautious of Men around me
□ Always on guard and ready to defend myself
□ Became uptight, not smiling easily to men
□ Became more doubtful

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data shall be analyzed and interpreted in the percentage basis

using formula:

𝐹
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑥 100 %
𝑁

Where:

F – is the Frequency

N – is the Number of Cases

 REFERENCES

Books

Sevilla, Consuelo G. et al. (1992) Research Methods Manila Rex Bookstore

Electronic Sources

Allure Article, USA (July 20, 2017). A New Study Attempts to Explain Why
Some Men Harass Women. Available at:
https://www.allure.com/story/mens-catcalling-street-harassment-reasons-
study. Accessed March 1, 2018
Infographics.https://assets.rappler.com/612F469A6EA84F6BAE882D2B94
A4B421/img/057F8503E6A9408FBDF9340D283F38DE/11catcall-
2015521_057F8503E6A9408FBDF9340D283F38DE.jpg

Manalo et al., PH (October 2016). Street Harassment As A Determinant Of

Self-Esteem And Self-Objectification Among Selected Female Students.
Available at: http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-
content/uploads/2011/04/Manila-Thesis-Street-Harassment.pdf. Accessed
March 2, 2018.
NYU Steinhardt Article, USA (2016). The Effects of Sexual Objectification
on Women's Mental Health. Available at:
https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/appsych/opus/issues/2016/spring/rooney .Access
ed February 25, 2018.
Rappler Article, PH (June 2, 2016). Catcalling: Duterte broke the law in own
city. Available at: https://www.rappler.com/nation/135111-duterte-catcalling-
mariz-umali-ordinance-davao. Accesed: February 28, 2018
Rappler Article, PH (March 08, 2016). The streets that haunt Filipino
women. Available at: https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/124993-sexual-
harassment-women-streets. Accessed: February 28, 2018