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20.4: Isomerism
Isomers: two or more species with the same formula by different properties.
Structural Isomerism: isomers contain the same atoms but one or more bonds differ.
Stereoisomerism: all of the bonds in the isomers are the same by the spatial arrangements of
the atoms are different.
Structural Isomerism
Coordination isomerism: composition of the complex ion varies.
Linkage isomerism: the composition of the complex ion is the same, but the point of
attachment of at least one of the ligands differs.
Stereoisomerism
Have the same bonds but exhibit different spatial arrangements of their atoms
Geometrical isomerism or cis-trans isomerism: occurs when atoms or groups of atoms can
assume different positions around a rgid ring or bond.
Cis isomer: molecules are next to each other.
Trans isomer: molecules are across from each other.
Optical isomerism: isomers have opposite effects on plane-polarized light.
Chiral: objects that have nonsuperimposable mirror images.