FINAL ROUND 2014

QUESTION
BIOLOGY

Easy

1.In 1908, G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg independently described a basic principle
of population genetics, which is now named the Hardy-Weinberg equation. The
equation is an expression of the principle known as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which
states that the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from
one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors. According to this
equation:

p = the frequency of the dominant allele (represented here by A)

q = the frequency of the recessive allele (represented here by a)

For a population in genetic equilibrium:

p + q = 1 (The sum of the frequencies of both alleles is 100%.)
(p + q)2 = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Now explain:

A. The three terms of the binomial expansion (p2, 2pq, q2)

B. The 5 genetic equilibrium conditions

2. Rhodopsin is one of the most important pigment involved in light stimulus signal
transduction. This pigment is composed of a protein moiety called opsin, and a
covalently bonded cofactor retinal.
a. According to hydropathy plot below, explain and describe the structure of

rhodopsin!
b. A protein called arrestin works by blocking the active site of heterotrimeric G-
protein, how does this affect the polarization of the rod cell’s membrane?

3. Cardiac muscle has a generally similar characteristics with skeletal muscle. But in
some other aspects, cardiac muscle is different. For example, extracellular calcium ion is
needed for cardiac muscle to contract, and so on. You can see the graph of membrane
potential in each type of muscle.

a. explain how the muscle is different according to the graph!

b. Difference in membrane potential above is caused by special kind of protein

channel that is only found in cardiac muscle. What is this protein? How does this
protein create the characteristic shape in cardiac muscle action potential?

Medium

4. Match the following traits with the characteristics of the right kind of bacteria. (Each
bacteria can have different number of charateristic)

Traits:

a. a highly apolar core, which undoubtedly makes the inside of the protein "sticky"
and thus more resistant to unfolding
b. a reduction in glycine content that tends to remove options for flexibility and
thus introduce rigidity to the molecule
c. extensive ionic bonding across the protein's surface
d. special proteins called chaperonins
e. the enzyme reverse DNA gyrase, which catalyses the positive supercoiling of
closed circular DNA
f. the protein typically more polar and less hydrophobic
g. the molecule constructed in such a way so as to maximize flexibility
h. regulate the chemical composition of their membranes, including in particular
the length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids
i. producing large amounts of an internal organic solute
j. concentrating a solute from their environment

Kind of bacteria:
 i. Themophyles= . . .

ii. Psychrophyles= . . .

iii. Halophyles= . . .

5. Muscle cells are excitable and contractile cells. In neuromuscular frameshift, muscle
cells are passive component which is controlled by impulse from nervous system.
Explain mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction, from receiving impulse in
neuromuscular junction until shortening of sarcomer! (Do NOT forget to include the
role of ATP)

6. Trematol is a metabolic poison derived from the white snake root. Cows eating this
plant concentrate the poison in their milk. The poison inhibits liver enzymes that
convert lactic acid to other compounds for metabolism. Why does physical exertion
increase symptoms of poisoning by trematol? Why does the pH of the blood decrease in
a person who has digested trematol?

Hard

7. In 1940s, some doctors prescribe a drug, DNP (dinitrofenol) to help patient lower
their body weight. Unfortunately, this drug causes some patienst died, then it is banned.
In fact, DNP cut the relationship between chemiosmotic instruments by making bilayer
lipid of inner-mitochondrial membrane become permeable to H+ ions.

a. explain why this drug makes people lose weight but also claims life?
b. how much a person will loss energy (in mol ATP) in complete catabolism of 1
mol tristearatglicerida? (note: stearic acid = C17H35COOH)

8. A man suffers from an extremely rare case of adrenal tumor. In his case, the adrenal
gland enlarged and releases large amount of adrenal hormones. The mutation also
caused a defect in cortisone produced by the adrenal cortex. A significant portion of the
cortisone produced has a double bond in the 1,2 position. After the surgery and other
therapeutic procedures, his adrenal gland returned to normal. But, things don’t go well
afterwards. He can’t see clearly at dusk, having difficulty to swallowing, falling of upper
eyelid, and complains about general muscle weakness after intense working.

a. What caused the man’s muscle weakness? How is it related to muscle

coordination?
b. Why the complaints appear after the adrenal gland became normal?

9. A man has a heart disease and hypertension. He came to the hospital. The doctor give
the man variety of drugs, one of which is captopril. Captopril is a drug which serves as
an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitors. Explain why the person is given
ACE inhibitor! (relate with JGA function)
 PHYSICS

Easy

1. Two steel spheres, the lower of radius 2a and the upper of radius a, are dropped from
a height h (measured from the center of the large sphere) above a steel plate as shown in
figure. Assuming the centers of the spheres always lie on a vertical line and all collisions
are elastic, what is the maximum height the upper sphere will reach?

Hint : Asume the larger sphere collides with the plate and recoils before it collides
with the small sphere

2. Find the total capacitance of this system

+ -

+ -
𝜀1 𝐴
+ - 2

+ -

+ 𝜀2 -

+ -

+ -
3. Two narrow beams of microwave radiation are incident normal to one surface of a
large wedge of chocolate as shown in figure. If the index of refraction for chocolate
relative to air for these microwaves is 1.2, calculate the angle between the two emerging
beams, shown as α on the diagram. (You can assume that the chocolate does not melt
because of the microwaves.

Medium

1. The system, depicted in figure, consists of fixed pulley A, across which is thrown the
rope, which connects the piece of ice B at a temperature of 0°C and pulley C. Across pulley
C is also thrown the rope, at one end of which will hang the load with the mass m = 10 g,
and another end of which is connected with the floor through the spring (k = 100 N/m).
At first the piece of ice is immersed half in the water at a temperature tw = 20°C, which is
located in the container. Volume of water in the container V = 200 ml. In the process of
the melting of ice the system starts up. What temperature will be in the water, when ice
completely does leave it? The heat exchange occurs only between ice and water in the
container and no considerable change in water level during this process. Water density =
1000 kg/m3, ice = 900 kg/m3. Constant g = 10 N/kg. Specific heat of the water s = 4.2
kJ/kg·°C, specific heat of fusion of ice l = 330 kJ/kg.
2. If you stand on earth 4 billion years ago, you could see the moon 10 times brighter and
10 times larger. How could it be ?

3. A heavy block is attached to the ceiling by a spring that has a force constant k. A
conducting rod is attached to the block. The combined mass of the block and the rod is m.
The rod can slide without friction along two vertical parallel rails, which are a distance l
apart. A capacitor of known capacitance C is attached to the rails by the wires. The entire
system is placed in a uniform magnetic field B directed as shown. Find the period T of the
vertical oscillations of the block. Neglect the electrical resistance of the rod and all wires.

Hard

1. A metal ring having three metallic spokes of lengths r=0.2 m is in a vertical plane and
can spin around a fixed horizontal axis in a homogeneous magnetic field of a magnetic
induction of B=0.5 T. The lines of magnetic field are perpendicular to the plane of the
metal ring. Between the axis of the metal ring and its perimeter we connect a consumer
of a resistance of 15 Ω. We fix a thread of negligible mass to the rim of the ring and wind
it several times around the ring and to its end we fix a body of a mass of m = 20 g. At a
given moment we release the body of mass m. The friction is negligible. What is the
highest velocity of the body of mass m?
2. From Figure find the value of capacitance C if the equivalent capacitance between
points A and B is 1μF. All the capacitances are in microfarads.

3. An electron gun T emits electrons by a potential difference U in a vacuum in the

direction of the line as shown in the figure. The target M is placed at a distance d from
the electron gun in such a way that the line segment connecting the points T and M and
the line a subtend the angle  as shown in the figure. Find the magnetic induction B of
the uniform magnetic field parallel to the segment T-M

*in oerder that the electron hits the target M.

 CHEMISTRY

Easy

1. Acetic acid is a weak acid according to Bronsted. List below are the derivate of
acetic acid which H atom in methyl is changed with Cl. From the table below we
also concluded that the power every acid is different, based on the number of Cl
in the molecules.

Table

Asam Ka

CH3COOH 1,8 x 10-5

ClCH2COOH 1.4 x 10-3

Cl2CHCOOH 3,3 x 10-2

Cl3CCOOH 2,0 x 10-1

a. From the table above, how is the acidic nature of the acid with increasing Cl in
the molecule ? Explain and give reasons!
b. If you have all of the acids with the same molarity, which one has the highest
pH?
2. Explain why all elements and compounds have positive S˚ values at 25˚C.

3. For a decomposition reaction, the values of k at two different temperatures are

given below :
k1 = 2.15 x 10–8 L/(mol.s) at 650 K
k2 = 2.39 x 10–7 L/(mol.s) at 700 K
Calculate the value of Ea for the reaction. (Log 11.11 = 1.046) (R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–
1)

Medium

1. Assume there are two substances, nitrobenzene and phenol (hydroxybenzene).

Which of the two substances would you choose for the production of p-
nitrophenol? Give the reasons.
2. At a certain temperature, there are 3 types of solutions:
A Solution : 300 mL of 0.4 M NH4Cl pH = 5 - log 2
B Solution : 200 mL (NH4 )2SO4 at pH = 5 + log 2
C Solution : 100 mL of NH4OH to pH = 10 + log 5
At the same temperature, determine the pH of the solution if:
a. A Solution + B solution?
 b. A solution + B solution + C solution?
3. Boric acid, H3BO3, is a preservatives in food products such as sardines. This
monoprotic acid has pKa = 9,24.
a. State the relationship between pKa and the acid constant, Ka.
b. Calculate the pH when 20 ml of H3BO3 0,20 mol dm-3 has been added with 10
ml of NaOH 0,10 mol dm-3. (log 1 = 0; log 2 = 0,3; log 3 = 0,48, log 5 = 0,7; log 7 =
0,84; log 11 = 1,04)

Hard

1. This task is about the complex ion [CoCl(NH3)5]2+. When two molecules of NH3
are replaced by two chloride ions another complex is obtained.
a. Write its formula!
b. How many isomers exist?
c. What kind of isomers are they?
2. The plasma of the blood contains the system of H2CO3/HCO3-, but H2CO3 is
converted into H2O and CO2 in blood by carbonic anhydrase. So the system that
actually exists is CO2/HCO3-:

H2O (l) + CO2 (aq) ↔ HCO3- (aq) + H+ (aq) Ka = 7,90 x 10-7

a. Calculate the pH of the plasma if [HCO3-]/[CO2] = 20 : 1. (log 1 = 0; log 2 = 0,3;

log 3 = 0,48, log 5 = 0,7; log 7 = 0,84; log 11 = 1,04)
b. Supporters of a sports match in stadium often experiences respiratory
alkalosis if they are too fired up. Explain what is alkalosis focusing on the
conditions of the blood plasma, how does it happen, and how to treat it.
3. Four isomeric (C5H10O2) liquids are found in separate bottles with no labels. We
shall refer to these unknowns as A, B, C, & D. These compounds are known to
have the structures shown below. Each of these compounds is partially or
completely soluble in water, and is also soluble in ether and methylene chloride.

To discover which is which, three chemical tests are applied to these unknowns.
A silver mirror is formed on the reaction vessel of compound B with Tollens’
reagent (AgNO3 in NH4OH ). On the reaction vessels of compound B and
compound D with Jones’ reagent (CrO3 in H3O(+) ), orange reagent solution
 changes color to green. A carbon dioxide gas is evolved from the reaction of
compound C with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ).
a. Identify the compounds and give the name of each compound.
b. What compound will be formed from reaction of compound B with PO(NCS)3
or (PhO)2PONCS?

MEDICS

EASY

A 26-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 30

minutes after being shot in the leg. He is unconscious and appears markedly pale.
His pulse is 120/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm
Hg. Compared with a healthy adult, which of the following findings is most likely
in this patient?

Arterial Systemic Pulmonary Systemic

Baroreceptor Vascular Vascular Capillary Fluid
Firing Rate Resistance Resistance Transfer

A Increase Increase Increase Filtration

B Increase Decrease Increase Absorption
C Increase Decrease Decrease Filtration
D Decrease Increase Increase Absorption
E Decrease Increase Decrease Filtration
F Decrease Decrease Decrease Absorption

MEDIUM

A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of slow growth during the
past year. He has had recurrent urinary tract infections since the age of 1 year.
He is at the 10th percentile for height and 25th percentile for weight. Physical
examination shows pallor. Laboratory studies show a normochromic, normocytic
anemia and increased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine.
Urinalysis shows a low specific gravity. Which of the following sets of additional
serum findings is most likely in this patient?

Calcium Inorganic 1,25 Dihydroxy- Erythropoietin

Phosphorus cholecalciferol
A Increase Increase Increase Decrease
 B Increase Increase Decrease Decrease
C Increase Decrease Decrease Increase
D Decrease Increase Increase Decrease
E Decrease Increase Decrease Decrease
F Decrease Decrease Increase Increase

HARD

A 63-year-old man with a 5-year history of congestive heart failure comes to the
emergency department because of a 1-month history of fatigue and labored
breathing. Evaluation shows pulmonary edema. Furosemide is administered.
Which of the following sets of physiologic changes is most likely following
administration of the drug?

Na+–K+–Cl− Transport Osmolarity of the Water Absorption in

in the Thick Ascending Medullary Interstitium the Descending Loop
Loop of Henle of Henle
A Increase Increase Increase
B Increase Increase Decrease
C Increase Decrease Increase
D Increase Decrease Decrease
E Decrease Increase Increase
F Decrease Increase Decrease
G Decrease Decrease Increase
H Decrease Decrease Decrease