TECHNIQUES, previous year question

papers (2001-2017) – Topic wise

distribution
A. Fixatives
1. Fixatives in cytology(2)
2. Bouin's fixative(2)
3. Mercurial fixatives(2)
4. Museum mounting fluid(2)
5. Formalin pigment(2)
6. Fixative for bone marrow biopsy(2)
7. What is chromaffin reaction? Mention its application(2)
8. Fixatives(5)
9. Carnoy's fixative(2)
B. Processing
1. What is blocking of tissue and which paraffin wax is ideal for blocking tissue?(2)
2. Frozen section(5)
3. Usage of Cryostat in pathology.(2,5)
4. Decalcifying agents in histopathology(2)
C. Staining
1. Stains of amyloid(5,2x2)
2. Elastic stains in HPE(2)
3. Stains for amoeba(2)
4. Stains for copper(2)
5. Argentaffin reactin(2)
6. Stain for HbsAg(2)
7. Metachromasia (2)
8. Staining methods to detect fungi in tissues (5x2).
9. Melanin and its demonstration(5,2)
10. Haematoxylin in surgical pathology practice(5)
11. Stains for fibrin(2)
12. Mucin histochemistry(5x3)
13. Enumerate uses of silver stains in Histopathology.(2)
14. What are the battery of stains performed on frozen and fixed muscle biopsy?(2)
15. Stains used in vaginal cytology(5)
D. Microscopy
1. Uses and limitations of electron microscopy (5x2)
2. Role of EM in renal diseases(10)
3. Role of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of tumours with examples(10)
4. Fluorescent microscopy and its use in diagnosis (10)
5. Phase contrast microscopy(2)
6. Give a brief outline of advances in the technique of microscopy(5)
E. Cytology
1. Role of imprint cytology in diagnosis(5)
2. Reactive mesothelial vs malignant epithelial cell in fluid cytology(2)
3. Squash in CNS tumours(5x3)
4. Role of cytology in ovarian carcinoma(5)
5. Effects of drying on a Papanicolaou smear (2)
6. FNAC findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(2)
7. Mention various mesothelial cell morphology in Pleural / peritoneal fluid cytology(2)
8. Limitations of FNAC (5)
9. Cytospin(5)
10. Cytocentrifuge(2)
11. Cytobrush(2)

12. Liquid based cytology(5x4)

13. Discuss the techniques in cytological preparation and diagnostic value of body
fluids(5)
14. Fluid cytology(5)
15. Diagnostic pitfalls in FNAC(5)
16. Newer techniques in cytopathology(5)

17. Hormonal cytology and its clinical utility(5)

18. FNAC of salivary gland tumours (5x2)
19. Discuss briefly the applications of exfoliate cytology in early detection of cancer.(5)

20. Diagnosis of primary and secondary lymphomatous effusions (5)

21. Bethesda system of reporting for FNAC thyroid.(5x2)
22. Cytopathology of metaplastic neoplasia in the lung(5)
23. What are the characteristic features of an unsatisfactory Thyroid FNAC Smear?(2)
24. Discuss pulmonary cytopathology – routine and ancillary treatment.(5)
25. BAL in detection of occupational lung disease(5)
26. CT guided aspirations in abdominal lumps of a child(5)
27. Discuss Bethesda system of reporting Cervical Smears.(5); Bethesda system(5)
28. PAP smear(5)
29. Name new technologies in PAP cytology.
30. Infections identified by PAP smear.(2)
31. Stains used in vaginal cytology(5)
32. Role of colposcopy in gynaecological pathology(5)
33. Role of FNAC in evaluation of soft tissue neoplasms.(10,5)
34. FNAC of bone tumours(5)
35. Cytomorphometry in diagnosis of cancer(5)
F. Biopsies
1. Synovial biopsy(5x4)
2. Histological patterns oftesticular biopsies in infertile men (5)
3. Role of testicular biopsy in male infertility(5)
 4. Nerve biopsy(5,2)
5. Types of nerve biopsy preparations.(2)
6. Liver biopsy(5)
7. How is muscle biopsy to be selected(2)
8. Muscle biopsy(5)
9. Enzymes used in muscle biopsy(2)
10. Endomyocardial biopsy(5x2)
G. Immunofluorescence
1. Role of IF in skin biopsy(5x2)
2. Role of IF in understanding glomerulonephritis.(5x2)
3. Role of IF in acute glomerulonephritis(5)
4. Applications of IF(5x2)
H. Immunohistochemistry
1. Application of Immunomarkers by algorithmic approach to diagnose unclassified
tumors.(5)
2. Cytokeratin immunoprofiles in diagnosis (5x3,10)
3. Role of immunohistochemistry in histopathology (10)
4. Discuss tumour cell proliferation markers and their significance (10)
5. Discuss the role of immunohistochemistry in CNS neoplasms(10)
6. Role of IHC in round cell sarcomas(5)
7. Name the IHC marker used to differentiate reactive condition is from neoplasm(2)
8. Role of IHC in diagnosing tubal metaplasia vs endometriosis.(5)
9. CD 117 positive tumours(2)
10. S100(5)
11. Hybridoma(5)
I. Autopsy
1. Perinatal autopsy(5x2)
2. Discuss usefulness of radiographs in fetal, perinatal and pediatric autopsies.(5)
3. Approach to autopsy in AIDS(6)
4. Autopsy findings in a case of Cerebrovascular accident.(5)
5. Autopsy in maternal death (5)
6. Partial autopsy (2)
7. Describe various dissection techniques of heart and discuss clinico pathologic
autopsy findings in valvular disease of heart.(5)
J. Miscellaneous pathology
1. Digital photography in pathology(5x3)
2. Internet resources in pathology(5)
3. Ethics in pathology(5)
4. Discuss briefly about key to successful macrophotography(5)
5. Histopathologist and Law(6)
6. Discuss clinical utility and methodology of telepathology(10,5)
7. Photography of gross specimens.(5)
8. Enumerate storage options available in digital photography of pathology images.(2)
9. Biological waste disposal and its significance(5x4)
10. Disposal of laboratory wastes (10)
K. Quality control
1. QC in routine H&E staining(5)
2. QC in histopathology(5,10x2)
3. Accreditation and reaccreditation of pathologists(5)
4. QC in cytology(5)
5. QC in haematology laboratory(5)
6. Levey Jenning's chart(5x2)
7. Sample rejection criteria(5)
8. External quality assurance(5x2,2)
9. Internal quality control(5)
10. Critical alert values(2)
11. Importance of calibration verification in clinical laboratory(5)
L. Automation
1. Automation in histopathology(5,10)
2. Outline principle and methodology of automated cell counters(5x2)
3. Aggregrometer(5)
4. Discuss role of automation in clinical pathology.(5)
5. Automation hematology(10)
M. Molecular
1. Describe the various DNA recombinant techniques and their diagnostic application
in histopathology (10)
2. Molecular diagnostic techniques(10)
3. What are the molecular diagnostic methods used in the pathology lab? Discuss the
principles and applications of flow cytometry(10); Describe principles and
applications of flow cytometry.(5x4)
4. Limitation in molecular diagnostic techniques.(2)
5. Advantages of diagnostic molecular pathology(5)
6. Polymerase chain reaction – application in diagnostic pathology(5x4,10)
7. Direct DNA diagnosis(6)
8. Gene therapy(5x2)
9. FISH(5x3,2); Applications of in situ hybridization (10); In situ hybridisation-its utility
as a diagnostic tool(5x2)
10. TISH(5)
11. DNA finger printing and its utility(5)
12. What do you understand by gene expression profile?(2)
13. What are high density tissue microarray? Discuss the mechanics and design of
microarray and its applications.(10)
14. Tissue arrays(5x2)
15. What are the methods used for detection of mutations?(5)
16. What are a. knock out mice b. knock in mice?(2)
N. Genetic testing
1. Chorionic villus sampling (2,5)
2. Recent advances in karyotyping techniques(5)
3. Discuss the various methods used in the post natal diagnosis of genetic diseases(10)
O. Clinical pathology
 1.Laboratory investigations in male infertility(5)
2.Urine microscopy(10)
3.CSF in pyogenic meningitis(2)
4.TRAP test(2)
5.Semen analysis(2,5); WHO protocol for semen analysis(5)
6.Electrophoresis(5x4)
7.Isoenzymes(5)
8.Mucins (5); Neutral mucin(2)
9.HIFs(2)
10.
Discuss the diagnostic interpretation and clinical significance of serum enzyme and
isoenzymes in disease (10); Enzymes in tumour diagnosis(5)
P. Haematology
1. Bone marrow transplantation(5x2)
2. Reticulocyte count(2)
3. Coomb’s test(2)
4. Hb electrophoresis(5)
5. Vacutainers(2)
6. What is marrow stainable Iron? How is it estimated?(2)
7. Immunotherapy(5)
8. Processing of bone marrow trephine biopsy(5)