1.

The valence electrons of representative elements are

(a) in s orbitals only.
(b) located in the outermost occupied major energy level.
(c) located closest to the nucleus.
(d) located in d orbitals.
(e) located in the innermost occupied shell.
2.
Which of the following pairs of elements and valence electrons is incorrect?
(a) Al - 3
(b) Br - 7
(c) S - 4
(d) Sr - 2
(e) Tl - 3
3.
With regard to the species 16O2-, 19F- and 20Ne, which of the following
statements is correct?
(a) All three species contain 10 electrons.
(b)The sum of the neutrons in all three species is 27.
(c) The sum of the protons in all three species is 28.
(d) Both 19F- and 20Ne contain 20 neutrons.
(e) none of the above
4.
Which of the following does not have a noble gas electron configuration? (or
Which of the following is not isoelectronic with a noble gas?)
(a) S2-
(b) Ba+
(c) Al3+
(d) Sb3-
(e) Sc3+
5.
Which one of the formulas for ionic compounds below is incorrect?
(a) SrCl2
(b) Cs2S
(c) AlCl3
(d) Al3P2
(e) CaSe
6.
Which is classified as nonpolar covalent?
(a) the H-I bond in HI
(b) the H-S bond in H2S
(c) the P-Cl bond in PCl3
 (d) the N-Cl bond in NCl3
(e) the N-H bond in NH3
7.
Which one of the compounds below is most likely to be ionic?
(a) GaAs
(b) ScCl3
(c) NO2
(d) CCl4
(e) ClO2
8.
The correct electron-dot formulation for hydrogen cyanide shows:
(a) 2 double bonds and two lone pairs of electrons on the N atom.
(b) 1 C-H bond, 1 C=N bond, 1 lone pair of electrons on the C atom and 1
lone pair of electrons on the N atom.
(c) 1 C-H bond, 1 C-N bond, 2 lone pairs of electrons on the C atom and 3
lone pairs of electrons on the N atom.
(d) 1 triple bond between C and N, 1 N-H bond and 2 lone pairs of electrons
on the C atom.
(e) 1 triple bond between C and N, 1 C-H bond and 1 lone pair of electrons
on the N atom.
9.
The correct dot formulation for nitrogen trichloride has:
(a) 3 N-Cl bonds and 10 lone pairs of electrons.
(b) 3 N=Cl bonds and 6 lone pairs of electrons.
(c) 1 N-Cl bond, 2 N=Cl bonds and 7 lone pairs of electrons.
(d) 2 N-Cl bonds, 1 N=Cl bond and 8 lone pairs of electrons.
(e) 3 N-Cl bonds and 9 lone pairs of electrons.
10.
What is the total number of electrons in the correct Lewis dot formula of the
sulfite ion?
11.
In the Lewis structure for the OF2 molecule, the number of lone pairs of
electrons around the central oxygen atom is
12.
The electronic structure of the SO2 molecule is best represented as a
resonance hybrid of ____ equivalent structures.

(e) This molecule does not exhibit resonance.

13.
Consider the bicarbonate ion (also called the hydrogen carbonate ion). After
drawing the correct Lewis dot structure(s), you would see:
(a) two double bonds around the central carbon atom.
(b) three single bonds around the central carbon atom.
(c) four single bonds around the central carbon atom.
(d) two equivalent resonance forms.
 (e) three equivalent resonance forms.
14.
Draw one of the resonance structures of SO3. The formal charge of S is
15.
Which one of the following violates the octet rule?
(a) PCl3
(b) CBr4
(c) NF3
(d) OF2
(e) AsF5

1. First law of thermodynamics states that…..

Thermochemistry Test Review: Multiple Choice Problems

1. What is the correct order, from highest to lowest molar heat value, for the three types of energy
change?
a. Chemical, phase, nuclear c. Nuclear, phase, chemical
b. Phase, chemical, nuclear d. Nuclear, chemical, phase

2. Which metal requires the most energy to raise 1.00 g of it by 1.00ºC? (Refer to Chemistry Data
Booklet.)
a. Aluminum b. Copper c. Lead d. Nickel

3. What is the specific heat capacity of a substance if 2.41x10 4 J are needed to change the temperature
of 105.0 g of it from 25.0ºC to 250.0ºC?

4. Which statement about enthalpy is true?

a. Heat is given off to the surroundings in endothermic reactions.
b. Some substances have a negative specific heat capacity.
c. Specific heat capacity is the same for all liquids.
d. The sign of ∆H is always negative in exothermic reactions.

5. What happens to the value of ∆H for a thermochemical reaction if the reaction is reversed?
a. ∆H has the same numerical value, and the sign changes.
b. ∆H has the same numerical value, and the sign remains the same.
c. ∆H is the reciprocal of the original value, and the sign changes.
d. ∆H is the reciprocal of the original value, and the sign remains the same.

6. Which is an exothermic process?

a. Ice melting c. Water evaporating
b. Water boiling d. Water vapour condensing

7. Which statement is true for the combustion of ethanol?

C2H5OH (l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O(l) ∆H = -1370 kJ

a. The enthalpy change would be the same if gaseous water were produced.
 b. The potential energy of the products is less than the potential energy of the reactants.
c. The products of the reaction occupy a larger volume than the reactants.
d. The reaction is endothermic.

8. What is the energy required to evaporate two moles of liquid water given the following equations?
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) ∆H = -483.6 kJ

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆H = -571.6 kJ

9. Which statement correctly describes an endothermic chemical reaction?

a. The products have higher potential energy than the reactants, and the ∆H is negative.
b. The products have higher potential energy than the reactants, and the ∆H is positive.
c. The products have lower potential energy than the reactants, and the ∆H is negative.
d. The products have lower potential energy than the reactants, and the ∆H is positive.

10. Given the thermochemical equation:

2NO2 (g) → 2NO(g) + O2(g) ∆H = 114 kJ

what is the ∆H for the reaction NO(g) + ½ O2(g) → NO2(g) ?

11. Using the data below, what is the order of changes that occur when ethanol is heated from -25.0ºC to
85.0ºC?
Boiling point of ethanol: 78.5ºC

Melting point of ethanol: -117.3ºC

a. Phase change, temperature change

b. Phase change, temperature change, phase change
c. Temperature change, phase change
d. Temperature change, phase change, temperature change

12. Which statement best describes the formation of methanol, CH3OH(l), from the elements? (Refer to
Data Booklet, page 5.)
a. It is endothermic and heat is absorbed.
b. It is exothermic and heat is released.
c. It is exothermic and heat is absorbed.
d. It is exothermic and heat is released.

13. Which process results in the greatest endothermic change for 10.0g of H 2O?
a. Condensation
b. Melting
c. Solidification
d. Vaporization

14. The following decomposition reaction may occur in an air bag.

2NaN3(s) → 3N2 (g) + 2Na(s) ∆H = -43.5 kJ

What is the heat of formation, ∆Hf, for NaN3?

15. A small sample released 2.0 x 1010 kJ of energy while undergoing a change. What type of change
most likely occurred?
a. Chemical b. molecular c. nuclear d. physical

16. Given the following two reactions:

C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆H = -393.5 kJ

2Fe(s) + 3/2 O2 (g) → Fe2O3(s) ∆H = -824.2 kJ

Calculate the enthalpy change for 2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

17. A substance increases in temperature by 255ºC when a 983 g sample of it absorbs 83 200 J of heat.
What is the specific heat capacity of the substance?

18. What is the ∆H value for an exothermic energy change?

a. Always negative
b. Always positive
c. Could be positive or negative
d. Depends on the potential energy of the reactants

19. How much heat is required to vapourize 15.8 g CH 3OH(l) at its boiling point? (∆Hvap = 38.0 kJ/mol)

20. What is the ∆H for the following reaction (Refer to the Data Booklet, page 5.)
2NO(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO2(g)

21. Which of the following statements is true?

a. In an endothermic process heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system.
b. In an exothermic process heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system.
c. The surroundings will feel cooler in an exothermic process.
d. The surroundings will feel warmer in an endothermic process.

22. The enthalpy change for the following reaction is -184.6 kJ.
H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)

What is the standard enthalpy of formation, ∆Hf, for HCl(g)?

23. Calculate the ∆H for the following reaction using the bond energies given below:
H-H (g) + I-I (g) → 2H-I (g)

Bond energies: H-H = 436 kJ/mol, I-I = 151 kJ/mol, H-I = 297 kJ/mol

24. Which of the following processes is exothermic?

a. Ether evaporating
 b. Ice melting
c. Steam condensing
d. Water decomposing

25. Which process involves the largest difference in heat content between reactants and products?
a. H2(g) → H2(l) + heat
b. H2(g) → H2(s) + heat
c. H2(l) + heat → H2(g)
d. H2(l) → H2(s) + heat

26. What quantity of heat is evolved with 5.550 mol H2O(l) is formed from the combustion of H2(g) and
O2(g)?
H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O(l) ∆H = -285.8 kJ

27. As energy is added to a substance, the temperature remains constant. How may the substance be
changing?
a. From a gas to a solid
b. From a liquid to a gas
c. From a liquid to a solid
d. In the amount of kinetic energy

28. The addition of 9.54 kJ of heat is required to raise the temperature of 225.0 g of a liquid hydrocarbon
from 20.5ºC to 45.0ºC. What is the heat capacity of this hydrocarbon?

Which of the
following is
not a
characteristic
of
substances
in the gas
phase?
Substances in the gas phase have much lower densities than the same substances
A) would have in the liquid or solid phase.
A mixture of substances in the gas phase will form a homogeneous solution,
whereas the same mixture might not form a homogeneous solution in the liquid
B)
phase.

Substances in the gas phase retain their shapes easily.

C)

Substances in the gas phase are easily compressible.

D)

2 The pressure of a gas was determined to be 485 cm Hg. What is the equivalent pressure in
atmospheres?
3 A sample of gas occupies 3.00 L at 760 torr. Calculate the volume the gas will occupy if the
pressure is changed to 1.45 atm and the temperature remains constant.

4 A gas sample has a volume of 4.50 L when the temperature is 28 oC and the pressure is 1.00

atm. What will be the new volume of the gas when the temperature is changed to 0.0 oC and
the pressure to 850 torr?

5 What volume would be occupied by 0.545 mol of a gas at 75 oC and 0.678 atm?

6 Calculate the density of methane, CH , at 18

4
oC and 3.65 atm.

7 What is the molar mass of a gas whose density at STP is 3.74 g/L?

What volume of oxygen can be collected at 20 oC and 730 torr from the complete
8 reaction of 100 g of KClO3, according to the chemical equation shown below?

2 KClO3(s) ----> 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)

9 Calculate the root-mean-square velocity of CO 2 at 0 oC.

1. A photon of ultraviolet (UV) light possesses enough energy to mutate a strand of human
DNA. What is the energy of a single UV photon having a wavelength of 25 nm?

2. Carbon absorbs energy at a wavelength of 150. nm. The total amount of energy emitted by a
carbon sample is 1.98 x 105 J. Calculate the number of carbon atoms present in the sample,
assuming that each atom emits one photon.