Pss b777 FMC Manual

Phoenix Simulation
Software
Boeing 777
Flight Management Computer
(FMC)
Manual
Table of Contents
1. Flight Management Computer Page 3

i. Flight Management Computer Page 3
2. FMC Control Display Unit page 5
i. CDU pages Page 6
ii. CDU Preflight procedure Page 7
iii. IDENT Page Page 8
iv. POS INIT page Page 8
v. Route Page Page 9
vi. PERF INT page Page 10
vii. THURST LIM page Page 11
viii. TAKEOFF REF page Page 12
ix. APPROACH REF page Page 14
x. LEGS page Page 15
xi. DEP/ARR INDEX Page 19
xii. DEPARTUES and ARRIVALS page Page 20
xiii. VNAV CLB page Page 21
xiv. VNAV CRZ page Page 22
xv. VNAV DES page Page 24
xvi. HOLD page Page 25
xvii. NAV RADIO page Page 27
3. CREDITS and COPYRIGHT Page 29
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Phoenix Simulation Boeing 777
Software FMC Manual

The Flight Management Computer (FMC) is the primary means of navigation and
automatic flight along the route.
The FMC allows entry of flight route consisting of a number of waypoints. The route is
displayed on the Navigation Display (ND), and can be flown either automatically, using
the LNAV (Lateral Navigation) autopilot mode, or manually. The legs between route
waypoints are calculated as Great Circle paths, ensuring the minimal leg distance. The
route can be manually entered by specifying the route waypoints, or imported from
existing FS2000 flight plan. The route can be modified at any time by inserting or deleting
waypoints.
The FMC contains a complete, current real-world AIRAC navigational database which
includes airports, runways, navaids, waypoints, and SID and STAR procedures.
You can select desired SID (Standard Instrument Departure) and STAR (Standard Terminal
Arrival) procedures for Departure and Destination airports. Selected SID and STAR
waypoints will be added to the route and will be displayed on the ND. These procedures
will be flown according to any special routing defined for such SID and STAR.
The FMC calculates optimal Vertical (altitude) and Speed profiles for Climb, Cruise, and
Descent stages of enroute flight. This calculation accounts for any altitude and speed
restrictions defined for route waypoints, and for speed restrictions and transitions set for
climb and descent. FMC automatically computes the Top of Descent (TOD) point which
allows the descent on idle or minimal thrust to minimize the fuel consumption. The
Economy speeds for all flight stages are calculated based on entered Cost Index.
The vertical and speed profile can be flown automatically using the VNAV (Vertical
Navigation) autopilot mode. The crew can level the aircraft off at any assigned altitude
without leaving the VNAV mode by selecting the altitude in MCP ALT window.
Additionally, the FMC speed commands can be overridden by pushing the MCP speed
selector knob and selecting different speed.
The FMC allows for performance management. It computes the takeoff V-speeds, thrust
settings, optimum and maximum cruise altitudes, landing reference speeds etc based on
fuel quantity, entered Zero Fuel Weight, atmospheric conditions and other factors.
Based on computed optimum altitude, the FMC automatically calculates Step Climb
points to minimize fuel consumption by climbing at higher altitudes as fuel burns and
aircraft weight reduces.
The FMC allows the flight progress monitoring by estimating the time of arrival and
remaining fuel on next waypoint and destination.
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Software FMC Manual

Holding patterns can be automatically flown in LNAV mode. The crew can define a hold
with any parameters, at any enroute or offroute waypoint, or at present position. The
FMC will automatically choose the correct hold entry procedure depending on entry
course and holding pattern orientation.
The FMC automatically tunes the NAV1 and NAV2 navigation radios to the two closest
VOR stations. The crew can override this autotuning and tune any NAV radio by entering
the new frequency or station identifier.
When approaching the destination airport and an ILS-equipped runway is selected, the
ILS frequency and front course will be automatically selected on NAV1 radio.
FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)
Line Select Keys (LSK)

Used to select
on-screen prompts,
insert entered data
into entry fields, and
copy data to the
scratchpad.
Scratchpad
Entered information,
or downselected
data, appears here
Mode Select keys

Press to display
different CDU pages.
CDU keyboard
Contains keys for data
entry.
EXEC Button and Light

Used to confirm major changes.
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Software FMC Manual
The FMC displays its information and is programmed and controlled from the Control
Display Unit (CDU). The CDU contains a CRT screen and keyboard to enter data and
perform actions.
The CDU has many pages. Desired page is displayed by pressing the corresponding
Mode Select key. When several pages of same type exist, like many LEGS pages for a
long route, you can navigate through such pages using the PREV PAGE and NEXT PAGE
keys. The Page Number indicates current page and total number of such pages.
The information is entered into the CDU via the CDU keyboard. One way is to press the
keys on CDU picture with your mouse. Alternatively, you can press SCROLL LOCK key to
use your PC keyboard. While SCROLL LOCK is pressed, all keystrokes will go to the CDU
and will not be received by FS2004. This state is indicated by a flashing «K» symbol above
the CDU screen.
To resume normal keyboard operation, press SCROLL LOCK again. When you type
something on CDU keyboard, the entered information appears on the Scratchpad line
at the bottom of CDU screen.
After entering the data, press the Line Select Key (LSK) next to the desired onscreen entry
field. This will transfer the data from Scratchpad into the selected field.
Some fields (for example, waypoints on LEGS page) allow to be «Downselected». When
you LSK such field (press the Line Select Key next to a field), its contents are copied into
the Scratchpad. This allows you to insert this data into another field.
The CLR key erases the last entered character on the Scratchpad. The +/- key types a
minus sign, additional presses on this key alternate the sign between Minus and Plus.
The data in some fields can be deleted. To do so, press the DEL key - .DELETE. appears on
scratchpad - and LSK the desired field.
When some major changes are done, such as modifying an active route or selecting
different runway, the CDU requires you to confirm the changes. A yellow light is
illuminated on the EXEC key. To confirm the changes, press this key. You can also cancel
the changes by selecting the < ERASE> prompt which will appear on the screen.
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Software FMC Manual

CDU pages
The CDU has many pages, which are responsible for different functions. They are
selected with Mode Select keys.
Some keys such as INIT REF and VNAV can display several different pages. Pressing such
key automatically displays a page appropriate for current FMC and aircraft state. Other
pages can be selected by pressing PREV PAGE / NEXT PAGE buttons or chosen from a
list by selecting the < INDEX > prompt.
INIT REF key

IDENT Aircraft and engines model, nav data used and nav data validity times
POS INIT Inertial Reference System (IRS) position initialization
PERF INIT Performance initialization – aircraft weights, fuel reserves, cruise altitude and
cost index
THRUST LIM Selecting reference thrust limits, reduced and derated thrust.
TAKEOFF REF Takeoff VNAV profile, takeoff reference speeds
APPROACH REF Approach reference speeds
MENU Simulator specific functions
RTE key
RTE Route origin and destination airports
DEP ARR key
DEPARTURES Departure airport runways and SIDs
ARRIVALS Destination airport runways and STARs
CDU Preflight Procedure
VNAV key
CLB VNAV Climb parameters
CRZ VNAV Cruise parameters
DES VNAV Descent parameters
LEGS key
LEGS Route waypoints
HOLD key
HOLD Holding pattern parameters
PROG key
PROGRESS Flight progress and time / fuel estimations
MENU key
MENU Simulator specific functions
NAV RAD key
NAV RADIO Navigation radios control
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Software FMC Manual

CDU Preflight Procedure
Press INIT REF key. If IDENT page is not displayed, select the INDEX prompt and
select IDENT from the list. Verify engine type and nav data times. Real aircraft
operations are illegal if the nav data is expired.
Open POS INIT page. During preflight, a prompt for next incomplete page is
displayed at right bottom. Verify IRS position.
Open ROUTE page. Enter Origin and Destination airports ICAO codes. Company
route name and Flight number can be entered too. Activate route selecting the
ACTIVATE prompt and Confirm entry by pressing EXEC Alternatively, open the
Menu page and load previously saved route or import an existing FS2004 flight
plan.
Open PERF INIT page. Enter Zero Fuel Weight (ZFW). Selecting the PERF INT
REQUEST key will automatically register and enter fuel, ZFW and Gross weights.
Enter fuel reserves. Choose cost index. Enter cruise altitude.
Open THRUST LIM page. Select desired Takeoff thrust and arm desired Climb
thrust.
Open TAKEOFF page. Enter takeoff data as needed. Confirm computed V

speeds by line selecting them.
Open LEGS page. If route was not loaded or imported, enter your route
waypoints by entering their names into the last dashed line shown on the page.
Use NEXT PAGE key to open a new page when a page is filled. Confirm route
modifications by pressing the EXEC key.

The preflight is complete and the FMC is ready to guide the aircraft laterally and
vertically along the route, when LNAV and VNAV modes are engaged on the MCP. One
important thing to remember when flying using the VNAV mode is to set the MCP Altitude
window to the cruise altitude (or lower clearance) before takeoff, and reset to lower
altitude before reaching the Top of Descent.
Until MCP ALT is reset, the descent will not start automatically.
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Software FMC Manual

IDENT page
Aircraft Model
Aircraft model used for performance
calculations.
Engines
Engines model used for
performance calculations.
Nav Data
Identifier of loaded navigation data
base.
POS INIT
Opens the next page in preflight
sequence, the POS INIT page.
INDEX
Opens the INIT REF INDEX page. Nav Data valid times
Shows the valid and expiration dates
for the used navigation database. Real
world operations are illegal if the
database is not valid.
POS INIT page
Accessed by selecting POS INIT prompt from IDENT page or by pressed INIT REF key and
selecting POS after selecting INDEX prompt.
GPS Position
Position calculated by satellite Global
Positioning System.
Last Position
Last calculated position.
Set Inertial Position

In real aircraft, the Inertial Reference
System position is initialized by entry
in this line.
ROUTE
Opens the next page in preflight
sequence, the ROUTE page.
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Software FMC Manual

ROUTE page
This page is used to set your origin and destination airports, optional company route and
flight number. If the route was not loaded or imported, the preflight can be continued
either by going to PERF INIT page or by entering the route on the LEGS page first.
Page Title
RTE1: Route is not activated.
ACT RTE1: Route is activated.
MOD RTE1: Route is modified.
Origin
Enter the ICAO code of origin airport.
Re-Entry erases current route and
destination airport.
Runway
Displays selected departure runway.
Destination
Enter the ICAO code of destination airport. Re-Entry clears
selected landing runway and STAR and removes STAR and
approach waypoints from the route.
Activate prompt
Appears when new origin or destination is selected. Activates the new route. Selecting the prompt
illuminates the EXEC key to confirm activation. Replaced by PERF INIT > prompt when route is
activated.
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Software FMC Manual

PERF INIT page
Performance Initialization page. Accessed by pressed INIT REF key and selecting PERF
after selecting INDEX prompt.
Gross Weight
Aircraft gross weight, in LBS x 1000.
Cost Index
Used for Economy speed calculations.
Higher value results in higher speeds,
higher fuel burn and shorter max range.
Reserves
Fuel reserves.
Step Size
Step Climb size. ICAO is 4000 ft
increments.
PERF INIT REQUEST
Queries aircraft and auto fills Gross,
ZFW and Fuel weights
Entry of Zero Fuel Weight is required for all VNAV performance calculations. It is more
convenient to use the PERF INIT REQUEST key, the GW will be calculated automatically
using the sensed fuel quantity, and ZFW.
The cruise altitude can be changed from PERF INIT, VNAV CLB and VNAV CRZ pages.
Also, in cruise, or in climb with no altitude restrictions between current and cruise altitude,
the cruise altitude can be changed by selecting a higher altitude in MCP ALT window
and pushing the MCP Altitude selector knob.
Step climbs are discussed in the section detailing the CRZ page.
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Software FMC Manual

THRUST LIM page
Thrust modes and limits selection page. Accessed by pressed INIT REF key and selecting
THRUST LIM after selecting INDEX prompt.
Assumed Temperature Select

If entered, the FMC assumes that the
outside air temperature is different
that the sensed OAT. This makes
possible to get the lower «derated»
takeoff thrust for fuel economy. OAT
Displays current sensed Outside Air
Temperature.
Thrust Mode and Limit

Displays selected thrust mode and
calculated thrust limit.
Climb Thrust Mode Arm

Arms normal (CLB) or reduced (CLB1 and CLB2)
thrust limit to be automatically selected when
passing the thrust reduction point in VNAV mode.
Takeoff Thrust Mode Select

Selects normal (TO) or reduced (TO1 and TO2) thrust limit. Selecting also
arms corresponding Climb thrust mode.
When taking off using the autothrottle and TO/GA switch, the takeoff thrust will be set to
the limit computed for the selected takeoff thrust mode. The limit thrust is automatically
calculated for current outside temperature and pressure altitude. The current thrust
mode and limit is also displayed above the engine readouts on the EICAS display.
When weather conditions, runway conditions and runway length allow, the takeoff thrust
can be reduced in order to save fuel consumption. There are two ways to do that. First
way is to select one of fixed reduced thrusts, the TO1 or TO2 (and corresponding CLB1 or
CLB2 climb thrusts). They offer -5% and -15% thrust reduction.
Another way is to derate the thrust by selecting Hotter assumed temperature than it is
detected. The thrust calculations will be based on the entered temperature and will
produce lower values.
After takeoff, when plane climbs above the Thrust Reduction point (discussed in TAKEOFF
REF page description), the THRUST LIM page changes to different layout, allowing you to
select Climb thrusts and other thrust modes.
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Software FMC Manual

TAKEOFF REF page
Takeoff profile selection page. Used to specify takeoff flaps, acceleration and thrust
reduction points, and select V1, VR and V2 speeds. Accessed by pressed INIT REF key
and selecting TAKEOFF after selecting < INDEX prompt. Has two pages which are
switched using PREV PAGE and NEXT PAGE keys.
Flaps
Flap settings selected for takeoff
Entry format:
Flaps:
5, 15 or 20
V1, VR and V2 speeds
FMC-calculated V speeds are
displayed in small font followed by a
caret, and title reads REF Vx.
The FMC-calculated speeds may be
confirmed by line-selecting them. Or,
different speeds may be manually
entered.
Ref Speeds
Toggles the display of calculated
reference V speeds to the left of
confirmed or entered speeds.
CG / Trim
Takeoff stabilizer trim position for selected center of gravity.
Acceleration Height
Height at which VNAV will pitch down
and start acceleration from V2+10 to
climb speed.
Entry format:
Height (400-9999 feet):
XXX or XXXX
EO Acceleration Height
Acceleration Height for engine failure
situation
Thrust Reduction
Height or flap setting at which takeoff thrust limit will be decreased to climb thrust limit.
The climb thrust mode armed on THRUST LIM page is also displayed.
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Software FMC Manual

Based on Gross Weight, takeoff thrust mode, selected takeoff flap settings, runway
conditions, temperature and pressure, the FMC automatically calculates the V1, VR and
V2 speeds. The FMC-computed V speeds are shown in small font and are followed by a
caret, identifying a prompt.
The crew confirms the computed speeds by line-selecting each speed, after this a small
is displayed in large font. Alternatively, the crew may enter other V speeds.
When speeds are confirmed or entered, they appear on the airspeed tape of Primary
Flight Display. Until the speeds are confirmed, a «NO V SPD» sign is shown instead.
Selecting different thrust mode, flap setting, runway conditions, or ZFW, will erase the
selected V speeds. This will be announced by a «V SPEEDS DELETED» message on CDU
scratchpad.
V1 is Decision speed; a takeoff cannot be aborted after reaching this speed.
VR is Rotation speed, the speed at which pilot should lift the nose of aircraft. The nose is
lifted to around 8 degrees pitch.
V2 is Takeoff Safety speed. After taking off and during climb out, normally a speed of
V2+10 is maintained until sufficient altitude is gained.
When VNAV is used, the aircraft will climb at high climb rate maintaining V2+10 speed,
until passing the entered Acceleration Height. At this height, the pitch will be decreased
and aircraft will start accelerating to climb speed, subject to all restrictions set on
VNAV CLB page and all waypoint restrictions.
During takeoff and initial climbout, the engines thrust limit will be selected Takeoff thrust
(TO, TO1, TO2 or any derated takeoff thrust, as selected on THRUST LIM page). After
climbing to the entered Thrust Reduction Height, or selecting entered Thrust Reduction
Flaps, this thrust limit will be replaced by a lower Climb thrust, as armed on THRUST LIM
page.
If the takeoff was performed using autothrottles working in THR REF mode (VNAV uses this
mode), the throttles will be automatically moved back and engine thrust will be lowered
when passing Thrust Reduction Height.
The Acceleration and Thrust Reduction height entries allow to set up the FMC to comply
with any obstacle clearance and noise abatement requirements.
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Software FMC Manual

APPROACH REF page
The APPROACH REF page is used to calculate and select landing reference speed and
landing flap settings. Accessed by pressed INIT REF key and selecting .APPROACH. after
selecting < INDEX prompt.
Gross weight
Displays Gross Weight used for Vref calculation.
Current actual weight is
shown in small font. Entered weight is
shown in large font. Entered value can
be deleted.
Vref lines
FMC calculated Vref speeds for 20, 25 and
30 degree flaps for actual or entered gross weight.
Lines can be copied to scratchpad and transferred into Flaps/Speed line.
Flaps / Speed
Entered landing flaps and Vref speed.
Can be manually entered or transferred from FMC-calculated Vref lines. When entered,
Vref bug is displayed on PFD.
The FMC automatically calculates landing reference speed Vref for 25 and 30 degree
flaps. The calculation is based on current actual Gross Weight. When it is desired to
compute and select Vref in advance before approach, the crew can enter other Gross
Weight into GR WT line. This entry will be displayed in large font, and the speeds will be
calculated based on entered weight.
The entered gross weight can be deleted. To do so, press the DEL key on CDU keyboard -
DELETE appears on scratchpad – and line-select the Gross Weight line. The indication
and calculation will be reverted to actual gross weight.
The two Vref lines show calculated Vref speeds for 25° and 30° flap settings. Each line
can be downselected into scratchpad by line-selecting it. After this, the scratchpad can
be inserted into the Flaps / Speed line.
When data is entered into Flaps / Speed line, either by transferring from one of Vref lines
or manual entry, a green V RF bug is displayed next to the selected speed on the Primary
Flight Display (PFD) airspeed tape.
The entry in Flaps / Speed can be deleted using the CDU DEL key.
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Software FMC Manual

LEGS page
The LEGS page is used to enter and modify waypoints which make up the flight route.
Waypoints can be added, inserted, deleted. Each waypoint allows entry of speed and
altitude restrictions.
Page Title
RTE 1 LEGS Route not activated.
ACT RTE1 LEGS Active route waypoints
MOD RTE1 LEGS Route is modified and
changes not confirmed yet
Waypoint
Waypoint name. Entered waypoints are
inserted in these lines.
Leg Direction
Leg direction. Normally, the bearing to
next waypoint, but special displays are
possible for SID and STAR waypoints.
Leg Distance
Distance of the leg. Not displayed for
some SID and STAR waypoints.
Speed / Altitude restrictions

Entered Speed and altitude restrictions for a waypoint. Dashed when not entered.
The LEGS pages display all route waypoints, including SID, STAR and approach
waypoints. The topmost waypoint on the first LEGS page is always the current waypoint.
When the aircraft reaches current waypoint, it is deleted from LEGS page and is
replaced by next one.
Initially, if a route was not loaded or imported, the LEGS page is blank, and the first
Waypoint line contains dashes. The dashes indicate a place to add new waypoint to the
route. If route already contains any waypoints, the last line always remains dashed
allowing you to add waypoints to the end of route.
To add a waypoint, enter its name, such as VOR, NDB or Interception identifier, on the
CDU keyboard. Press Line Select key next to the dashed line in the end of the list. If such
waypoint is found in navigation database, its name will be transferred to this line and
the waypoint will be added to the route.
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Software FMC Manual
After one LEGS page of waypoints is filled, second page becomes available. Press the
NEXT PAGE key to advance to it and see the dashed entry prompt.
If multiple instances of entered waypoint with same names are found in the database,
the SELECT DESIRED WPT Page appears. It lists the found database entries, their types and
coordinates. Select the desired waypoint from the list by pressing Line Select Key (LSK)
next to it.
If the route is not yet activated on the RTE page, the LEGS page title will read RTE 1 LEGS,
and all entered waypoints will be automatically added to the route.
If the route is already activated, the LEGS page title will be ACT RTE 1 LEGS. Now, all
added, inserted, deleted, or changed waypoints will be considered as route changes
and require confirmation, because the aircraft may already be flying the route. As
soon as such modification is made, the EXEC light will be illuminated asking you to
confirm the changes, and an < ERASE prompt will appear in the bottom of the display.
The ERASE prompt allows you to cancel any changes to the route. When you finish
modifying the route, press the EXEC key to confirm the route changes and update the
active route.
Waypoints can be inserted before any other waypoint of the route. To do so, type the
name of the new waypoint, and Line Select (LSK) the waypoint before which the new
waypoint is to be inserted.
The FMC considers the new inserted waypoint as not laying on the previously entered
route. Due to this, it does not automatically bridge this new waypoint to the following
one and inserts a Route Discontinuity notification and THEN prompt. You can continue
inserting new waypoints by entering them into this THEN boxes prompt. When all new
waypoints are inserted, you need to close the discontinuity gap. This is done by down
selecting the waypoint after the and insert this waypoint into the THEN box.
Any waypoint can be deleted from the route. This is done by pressing the DEL key on
CDU keyboard - DELETE prompt appears on the scratchpad - and line selecting the
waypoint to be deleted.
Part of the route consisting of several waypoints can be deleted by changing the
sequence of waypoints. This is done by moving the next waypoint after the unwanted
part in place of first waypoint of this part. In the picture from previous page, if you
wanted to delete the WAFFU, HARDY and DPE33 waypoints, down select (LSK) the
waypoint after these three, the DPE waypoint, insert it before the first waypoint to be
deleted - WAFFU. This tells the FMC that DPE waypoint should follow the SFD waypoint,
and all waypoints between these two will be deleted.
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Software FMC Manual

This method can be used when you want to fly directly to any waypoint of the route. Just
line select your waypoint, and insert it before the very first (current) route waypoint, by
LSKing the first line of the first LEGS page. All waypoints before selected one will be
deleted.
You can create along-route waypoints - a waypoint located on existing route at given
distance from or to an existing waypoint. To do so, line select a desired waypoint to
transfer it to scratchpad, add slash and a distance, and line select the same waypoint
again. If the entered distance is positive, the new waypoint will be inserted after the
selected waypoint. If the distance is negative (starts with Minus sign), the waypoint will be
inserted before the selected waypoint.
Legs page displayed on ND
The active route is shown on Navigation Display (ND) as a magenta line between
diamond signs depicting waypoints. All route modifications are shown as white dashed
lines. You can review all route legs on the ND. This is done by switching the ND into PLAN
mode, using the ND mode selector on EFIS panel.
The ND display switches to North-oriented plan of route legs, centered on current (first)
waypoint. The FMC LEGS page also changes to allow you to step through route legs and
center the display on each waypoint.
STEP prompt
Moves the centering to next waypoint. Pressing PREV PAGE and NEXT PAGE keys will
center the display around first waypoint of the next or previous LEGS page.
CTR
Indicates the waypoint around which the ND display is centered.
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Software FMC Manual

Each waypoint can have an Altitude or Speed / Altitude restriction entered.
Such restrictions can be dictated by any procedures, regulations, or be imposed by Air
Traffic Control. Entering the restrictions cause the FMC to change the computed vertical
and speed profile for the entire route.
The Altitude restrictions can be of three different types. The .AT. restriction (just the
altitude entered) makes the aircraft pass this waypoint exactly at this altitude. The .AT or
ABOVE. (.A. suffix entered after the altitude) means pass this waypoint at least at this
altitude, or above, if possible. The .AT or BELOW. (.B. suffix entered) tells the FMC to pass
the waypoint not above the entered altitude.
The Speed restriction is always .No faster than. constraint. Speed can be
entered either in Knots or as Mach number, entries above 400 result in Mach
numbers of 0.XXX.
The altitude and speed restrictions are followed differently in climb and descent. In
VNAV climb, if any waypoint ahead before the Top of Climb contains the AT or AT OR
BELOW restriction, the aircraft will level off at this altitude, and will fly level until passing
the waypoint. After the waypoint is passed, VNAV will resume climb to cruise altitude, or
to next altitude restriction.
If any waypoint in climb segment contains a speed restriction, the aircraft will not
accelerate above this speed until passing the waypoint. As soon as it is passed, VNAV will
start accelerating to economy speed or to next speed restriction, if such still exists.
In VNAV descent, the altitude restrictions modify the computed descent path. The
aircraft will cross the waypoints with AT altitude restriction at the entered altitude. The AT
or ABOVE and AT or BELOW restrictions will also modify the descent profile, if it violates
such restrictions. When descent waypoints contain speed restriction, the aircraft will
approach such waypoints with previously existing speed (Economy or according to
previous restrictions). Right before a waypoint, VNAV will level off the aircraft so as to
bleed the speed and reduce it according to the waypoint restriction. After this, the
descent will continue.
Speed / Altitude restrictions

Entered Speed and altitude restrictions for a waypoint.
Dashed when not entered.
Entry format:
Altitude:
XXXX
XXXXX
Flight level:
XXX
Altitude suffix:
A = at or above, B = at or below Speed: 100-399 IAS, 400-
999 Mach XXX/ Speed and altitude: XXX/XXXXX
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Software FMC Manual

Progress Page
Last waypoint
Last passed waypoint, passing altitude, actual time,
and fuel remaining. (not shown here a/c on gnd)
Current waypoint
Current (active) waypoint, distance to go in NM,
estimated GMT time of arrival, and estimated fuel
remaining.
Next waypoint
Next waypoint after current, distance to go in NM,
estimated GMT time of arrival, and estimated fuel remaining.
Destination
Destination airport, distance to go in NM, estimated GMT time of arrival, and estimated
fuel remaining.
DEPARTURES and ARRIVALS page
The DEPARTURES and ARRIVALS pages are used to select the takeoff and landing
runways, and select desired SID and STAR procedures for origin and destination airports.
The SID (Standard Instrument Departure) and STAR

(Standard Terminal Arrival) procedures are pre-
defined routes that facilitate air traffic control in the
airport airspace. By assigning a standard SID or a
STAR to a flight, the ATC does not need to manually
vector the aircraft through out of airport area or
towards the initial approach.
The FMC contains full real-world database of SID and

STAR procedures, as well as database of landing
runways. You can select any available SID or STAR for
chosen runways and the procedure will be
automatically inserted to FMC route.
Pressing the DEP ARR key brings the origin airport DEPARTURES page before takeoff, and
destination ARRIVALS page after climb. Other page can be displayed by selecting INDEX
prompt and choosing desired page from the list.
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Software FMC Manual

DEPARTURES and ARRIVALS pages have similar layout. Runways are displayed to the right
and SIDs / STARs are shown to the left. It is important to select a runway first, and then a
SID / STAR and Transition, if required. When a SID or STAR is selected, other SID/STARs are
hidden and Transitions are shown, if present. To select different SID or STAR, reselect the
runway, which will re-display the list of compatible SIDs / STARs
SIDs
Shows a list of airport SIDs.
When a runway is selected, only SIDs compatible with the
runway are displayed.
Selected entry is marked with <SEL> until activated by
pressing EXEC key. Selected and activated
SID is marked with <ACT>. When a SID is selected, other
SIDs are hidden.
Runways
Shows a list of airport runways.
Selected entry is marked with <SEL> until activated by pressing EXEC key. Selected and
activated runway is marked with <ACT>.
Some SIDs and STARs can have different Transitions, or starting / ending points. The
transitions, if present, are shown after a SID or STAR is
selected.
STARs
Shows a list of airport STARs.
When a runway is selected, only STARs compatible
with the runway are displayed.
Selected entry is marked with <SEL> until activated
by pressing EXEC key. Selected and activated STAR
is marked with <ACT>.
When a STAR is selected, other STAR are hidden.
Transitions
Shows a list of STAR transitions for
the selected STAR.
Selected entry is marked with <SEL> until activated by pressing EXEC key. Selected and
activated entry is marked with <ACT>.
Approaches
Shows a list of airport runways.
Runways equipped with ILS have ILS in their name. Selected entry is marked with <SEL>
until activated by pressing EXEC key. Selected and activated runway is marked with
<ACT>.
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Software FMC Manual

VNAV CLB page
The VNAV CLB page is automatically displayed when pressing VNAV key during climb.
During other stages of flight it can be accessed from other VNAV pages by pressing PREV
PAGE key. The VNAV CLB page is used to select and modify climb profile.
Waypoint Constraint
Next waypoint speed/altitude constraint. Deleting this line
will remove the constraint from displayed waypoint. Blank
if no constraints exist in climb.
Transition Altitude
Feet / Flight Level transition altitude.
Speed Transition
Airport Speed limit and speed transition altitude. Blank
when aircraft is above.
Entry format: Speed/Altitude
Speed Restriction
Allows manual entry of speed restriction below specified altitude. Returns to dashes when above
this altitude. Can be deleted. Entry format: Speed/Altitude
Speed
Target speed regardless of restrictions. Line title reads SEL SPD if speed is entered manually.
Cruise Altitude
Displays and allows entry of cruise altitude, same as on PERF INIT page.
The FMC constantly calculates the Economy climb speed based on Cost Index entered
on PERF INIT page. In VNAV, the aircraft will climb at this economy speed unless the
aircraft is below the restriction or transition altitudes set on this page, constraints exist
on climb segment waypoints, or the speed is manually changed.
Below speed transition altitude, the speed will be limited to the speed displayed in SPD
TRANS line. If speed restriction is entered, it will be accounted for too. Finally, the next
waypoint speed constraint is checked. The resulting speed will be the lowest of these
speeds.
There are two ways of changing current climb speed. First, a new speed can be entered
in the ECON SPD line. The line title changes to SEL SPD, and the entered value will be the
new target speed. Such entered speed can be deleted by pressing DEL key on CDU and
line selecting the SEL SPD line.
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Software FMC Manual
Another way is called an MCP speed intervention. Normally in VNAV, the MCP speed
window is blank. If you Push the MCP speed selector, the SPD window will unblank and
open to the currently commanded climb speed. After this, the speed displayed in SPD
window can be adjusted, and overrides all FMC computed speeds. This mode is
indicated by CLB page title changing to ACT MCP SPD CLB.
To resume FMC speed control, push the speed selector knob again - this blanks the MCP
SPD window and returns control to FMC.
Both ways of manual speed control override any present speed restrictions and allow for
selecting higher speeds. The next waypoint Altitude restriction is shown at top left corner.
This restriction can be deleted by pressing DEL key and selecting this line.
Additionally, when climbing in VNAV, pushing the MCP Altitude selector knob will delete
the next altitude restriction too.
VNAV CRZ page
The VNAV CRZ page is automatically displayed when pressing VNAV key during cruise.
During other stages of flight it can be accessed from other VNAV pages by pressing PREV
PAGE or NEXT PAGE key. The VNAV CRZ page is used to select and modify cruise
altitudes and speeds, monitor optimum and maximum altitudes and plan the Step
climbs.
Page title
ACT indicates displayed data is active.
MOD indicates changed climb parameters awaiting
confirmation.
ECON CRZ cruising at economy speed
XXXKT CRZ or
M.XXX CRZ cruising at manually entered or restriction
speed.
MCP SPD CRZ speed intervention on MCP
CRZ CLB or
CRZ DES cruise altitude change
Cruise Altitude
Displays and allows entry of cruise alt ECON CRZ Screen as displayed with B777
on the ground
Speed
Target speed. Optimum / Maximum alt
Displays calculated Optimum and
Maximum altitudes for current
aircraft state.
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Software FMC Manual

The FMC calculates economy cruise speed based on the Cost Index entered on PERF INIT
page. This speed can be overridden by entering a new speed, or via the MCP speed
intervention, same as for Climb stage.
The FMC constantly computes the Optimum cruise altitude, at which the fuel
consumption per distance will be optimal, and the Maximum altitude, at which the
generated lift reduces to the point where no significant further climb is possible.
The Step Climbs is a way of reducing fuel consumption and costs for long flights. At the
beginning of flight, with aircraft fully loaded with fuel, the optimal cruise altitude will be
low, around FL300. Although, as time passes and fuel burns out, the aircraft gets lighter
and can climb to higher altitudes. The flight is more efficient at higher altitudes.
The standard procedure is to start the flight with low cruise altitude and climb to higher
altitudes in steps as the aircraft gets lighter.
The ICAO recommended step size is 4000 feet increment. Normally, before flight, the
cruise altitude is set to expected Optimum altitude plus 2000 feet. When aircraft climbs to
this altitude, it gets above current Optimum altitude. As fuel is consumed, the
optimum altitude increases. After several hours of flight, the optimum altitude rises to be
2000 feet higher than initial cruise altitude. At this point, a new cruise altitude is set, which
is 4000 ft higher than current, and 2000 ft more than optimum. The aircraft again gets
above the optimal altitude, and process repeats.
The FMC automatically calculates optimal step climb points, based on initially entered
cruise altitude. The cruise altitude can be changed from PERF INIT, CLB, CRZ pages. Or,
you can select a new cruise altitude on the MCP and push the Altitude selector knob.
When cruise altitude is changed, VNAV will automatically begin the climb to new
altitude.
23
Software FMC Manual

VNAV DES page
The VNAV DES page is automatically displayed when pressing VNAV key during descent.
During other stages of flight it can be accessed from other VNAV pages by pressing NEXT
PAGE key. The VNAV DES page is used to select and modify descent parameters.
Speed
Target speed regardless of
restrictions. Line title reads .SEL
SPD. if speed is entered manually.
Entry can be deleted.
Speed Transition
Airport Speed limit and speed transition altitude.
Blank when aircraft is below.
Speed Restriction
Allows manual entry of speed restriction below specified
altitude. Returns to dashes when below this altitude.
The descent profile is automatically calculated to be flown in minimal thrust settings,

while complying with all waypoint and DES page speed and altitude restrictions.
The FMC computes the Top of Descent point, which is displayed on Navigation Display
and distance to which is shown on CRZ page. In descent stage, a Vertical Path offset
indicator is displayed on the ND and indicates how much above or below the computed
profile the aircraft is.
The descent will not be automatically started if the MCP altitude is not reset from cruise
to lower setting. The VNAV will maintain the economy speed, or previous restriction
speed, until approaching the next speed restriction altitude or waypoint. Because the
descent is performed at idle or minimal thrust, before passing such waypoint, or
approaching transition or restriction altitude, the aircraft will level off to reduce the
speed.
You can manually specify the descent speed, via speed entry of MCP speed
intervention, in the same way as for Climb and Cruise stages.
24
Software FMC Manual

HOLD page
The FMC is capable of automatically flying the holding patterns at any enroute, off-route
waypoint, or at present position. When HOLD key is pressed, the modified LEGS page is
displayed, allowing you to choose the holding fix.
Hold at Fix
Insert fix to hold at, either by selecting
a route waypoint or entering a new fix.
Hold at Present Position

Holding pattern will be created at
present position.
If the holding pattern is to be created on one of active route waypoints, Line Select this
waypoint into the scratchpad, and then insert it into the .HOLD AT. boxes. The holding
pattern will be initialized at this waypoint. A special .HOLD AT. waypoint will be inserted
after the waypoint you selected.
If the hold fix is not in the active route, type its name on the scratchpad and insert it into
the .HOLD AT. boxes. After this, the a special .HOLD AT xxxxx. text will be entered into the
scratchpad. It represents a new Hold waypoint. Line select it into the desired place of the
route. When advancing to this special waypoint, the autopilot will automatically fly to this
fix and start holding.
If you need to start hold at your present position, select the .PPOS. prompt. The hold will
be created at present position, but the final coordinates are not fixed until the hold
parameters page is not confirmed by pressing EXEC key.
After choosing the holding fix by any of these three methods, the hold parameters page
will be displayed.
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Software FMC Manual

Page Title
Displays MOD until the hold is not confirmed,
Speed / Altitude
The speed and altitude target for the
hold.
Fix
Displays selected holding fix.
Quad / Radial
ATC-style entry, the 180° reversal of inbound course. The
quadrant is shown automatically. Entry overrides the INBD
CRS entry. Entry format: Radial, XXX
Inbound Course / Direction

Inbound course and turn direction. Entry overrides the QUAD/RADIAL entry.
Entry format: Course: XXX
Direction: L, R, /L, /R
Course and direction: XXX/L or XXX/R
Leg Time
Inbound leg flying time. Entry blanks LEG DIST line.
Entry format: Minutes (0.1 - 9.9): X X.X
Leg Distance
Inbound leg distance. Entry blanks LEG TIME line.
ERASE
Selecting this prompt will immediately remove the hold
and continue navigation to next route waypoint.
Exit Hold
When this prompt is selected, the aircraft will finish current
hold pattern and continue navigation to next route
waypoint. (Only displayed in ACT Hold)
The prompt changes to EXIT ARMED. Selecting it second time will disarm the exit and continue
holding.
The Hold parameters page is initialized the following way:
The inbound course is the course of the leg leading to the fix waypoint, if it is a waypoint. If hold is
created at present position, the current ground track will be used.
Default turn is Right. The hold will have 1,5 minute inbound leg when above 14000 feet, and 1
minute leg below this.
The LNAV will use the correct hold entry type, the direct entry, parallel or teardrop entry,
depending on entry direction and inbound course.
26
Software FMC Manual

The hold parameters are recomputed when passing the holding fix. Thus, if any
modifications are made during flying the hold, the aircraft will finish current hold pattern
and start a new pattern with new parameters.
NAV RADIO page
The FMC automatically tunes the navigation radios NAV1 and NAV2 to the closest VOR
stations. Also, the NAV1 radio is automatically tuned to the ILS frequency when 15 nm
from the airport and ILS approach is selected. The NAV RADIO page is used to control
operation of radios tuning.
VOR
Displays frequency and identifier of tuned
VOR station. The .A. letter indicates autotuning mode. The
M letter indicates manually tuned station. Entry can be
deleted.
ADF
Manually entered NDB frequency.
ILS
Displays frequency, front course and ILS tuning mode. The A
letter indicates autotuning mode. The .M. letter indicates
manually tuned frequency. Displays --NAV-- when no ILS is
selected. Entry can be deleted.
Preselect
Allows any entry to be placed here, to be later inserted into any NAV RADIO field.
Radial CRS
Displays received VOR radial. Displays selected VOR course used for HSI display on ND.
Blank when radio in autotuning mode. Entry switches
radio to manual mode.
While any NAV radio is in autotuning mode, the FMC will constantly search the stations database
and tune it to the nearest VOR station. This mode is selected by default, and is indicated by a letter
A next to the frequency. You can tune each VOR to any specific station, either by entering its
frequency, or entering the VOR identifier (you mush be within 250 nm of the station for ID entry).
When this is done, the NAV radio remains tuned to this frequency until new entry is done or
autotuning is resumed. The manual mode is identified by letter .M. next to the frequency.
Automatic VOR tuning is resumed by deleting the entry. Press DEL key on CDU keyboard - DELETE
appears on scratchpad – and Line Select the frequency line.
When NAV radio is manual mode, the VOR course (OBS) can be entered.
27
Software FMC Manual

The FMC does not automatically tune the ADF radio. You can manually tune the ADF to
any frequency by inserting it into the frequency line.
When no approach is selected on ARRIVALS page, or the selected landing runway does
not have an ILS, the ILS line will read --NAV-- indicating that the NAV 1 radio is used for
VOR tuning.
If an ILS approach is selected, the ILS line will show the runway ILS frequency and front
course in small font, and letter A indicates that this frequency will be automatically tuned
when approaching the airport. This is done when within 15 nm of the airport, and is
indicated by the line changing to large font.
You can also manually enter the ILS frequency and course. Such entry is indicated by
letter M (manual) and can be deleted.
28
Software FMC Manual
CREDITS and COPYRIGHT Notice

Phoenix Simulation Software COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Graham Waterfield. All title and copyrights in this PRODUCT are

3d Modeling owned solely by PHOENIX SIMULATION
SOFTWARE. All title and intellectual
Alex Bashkatov property rights in the content which may be
Gauge programming accessed through use of the PRODUCT is
the property of Phoenix Simulation
Lena Bashkatov Software and will be protected by applicable
Panel Artwork copyright or other intellectual property laws
and treaties.
Antony Waterfield
Programming and Webmaster
This document grants the user no rights to
Robert Kirkland use the content for any purpose other than
Research and Administration intended by PHOENIX SIMULATION
SOFTWARE.
Ben Jones You may not reverse engineer, decompile,
Aircraft Textures or
disassemble the PRODUCT in ANY WAY
Eugene Schneider
Flight Dynamics The PRODUCT is licensed as a single
product. Its component parts may not be
Mike Hambly separated for use under ANY
Sounds Circumstances. It is FORBIDDEN To use
ANY individual Parts thereof other than as
John Helsby/Steven Cullen Intended by PHOENIX SIMULATION
Manual Assistance SOFTWARE
Beta Testers The PRODUCT is not to be offered for

Adam Gaweda resale or rental or uploaded to ANY
Alex Greenland INTERNET WEBSITE for Downloading.
Andrea Nicotera
Chris Mueller This manual, nor any part of it, may be
Cyrille de Lattre changed and reproduced without prior
Joe Park written notice of the authors.
Lee Holland
Mark Richards It is forbidden to sell this file, or any part of it,
Michael Benson by any means, including CD ROMs,
Norman Blackburn shareware bundles, commercial BBS
Peter Cos systems or shareware-sells by mail
Peter Ward WITHOUT written permission from
Richard Green PHOENIX SIMULATION SOFTWARE
Steven Cullen
Terry Scanlan
Tim Court
Peter Dowson Special Thanks for FSUIPC
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Flight Management Computer

1. Flight Management Computer Page 3

3. CREDITS and COPYRIGHT Page 29

Flight Management Computer

Flight Management Computer

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Line Select Keys (LSK)

Mode Select keys

EXEC Button and Light

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

INIT REF key

POS INIT Inertial Reference System (IRS) position initialization

TAKEOFF REF Takeoff VNAV profile, takeoff reference speeds

APPROACH REF Approach reference speeds

MENU Simulator specific functions

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Open TAKEOFF page. Enter takeoff data as needed. Confirm computed V

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

POS INIT page

Set Inertial Position

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Assumed Temperature Select

Thrust Mode and Limit

Climb Thrust Mode Arm

Takeoff Thrust Mode Select

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

V1 is Decision speed; a takeoff cannot be aborted after reaching this speed.

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Speed / Altitude restrictions

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Legs page displayed on ND

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Speed / Altitude restrictions

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

DEPARTURES and ARRIVALS page

The SID (Standard Instrument Departure) and STAR

The FMC contains full real-world database of SID and

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

VNAV CRZ page

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

The descent profile is automatically calculated to be flown in minimal thrust settings,

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Hold at Present Position

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

Inbound Course / Direction

The Hold parameters page is initialized the following way:

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

NAV RADIO page

FMC Control Display Unit (CDU)

CREDITS and COPYRIGHT Notice

Graham Waterfield. All title and copyrights in this PRODUCT are

Beta Testers The PRODUCT is not to be offered for

Peter Dowson Special Thanks for FSUIPC