Asthmadisease of the airways of the lungs

asthmatics may be @ greater risk

Convulsion - body muscles contract and relax rapidly and

repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body
Tremor is an unintentional, rhythmic muscle movement
involving to-and-fro movements (oscillations) of one or more
parts of the body. there are abnormal signals in the brain that
miscommunicate with hands/arms/legs and muscles
Convulsions are those seizures that occur all over the body.
Convulsive seizure are the most easily identifiable and most feared
due to vigorous body movements like violent shaking,
Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because
of sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Not all seizures
cause convulsions.
lead built up becomes toxic
It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood
and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood
proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the
mechanism of coagulation
ASPHYXIANTS? Chemical gases which cause suffocation by
restricting the uptake of oxygen or by respiratory paralysis or by
diluting / displacing oxygen below the levels needed by human
body.
TBT - Chemical Safety Tips

Chemicals are a major part of our everyday life at home, work and play. Examples
include toxics, corrosives, solvents and numerous other substances. As long as
we take proper precautions, these substances can be handled safely.
Chemicals that you use at home include gasoline, paints, fertilizers, lawn
chemicals, bug spray, paint strippers, kerosene, bleach and other household
cleaners.
However, chemicals you may use at work are facility-specific solvents, laboratory
chemicals, fuels, paint, office copier chemicals, correction fluid, lubricants and
corrosives.

We are exposed to chemicals by these ways.

 Inhalation — Breathing in dusts, mists and vapors - Example: Working with

bags of concrete at home without a respirator
 Ingestion — Eating contaminated food - Example: Having lunch in the work
area where there are airborne contaminants
 Absorption — Skin contact with a chemical - Example: Contact dermatitis or an
eye irritation
 Injection — forcing an agent into the body through a needle or a high-pressure
device - Example: Needle stick or misuse of a high-pressure washer.
You can protect yourself against chemical hazards by:

 Reading container labels, material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and safe-work
instructions before you handle a chemical;
 Using specified personal protective equipment (PPE) that may include
chemical-splash goggles, a respirator, safety gloves, apron, steel-toed shoes,
safety glasses with side shields, etc. Ensure the PPE fits properly and you are
trained in its use;
 Inspecting all PPE before you use them. Look for defects in the equipment
such as cracks, missing parts, rips, etc. Ensure your respirator has the proper
chemical cartridge for the particular chemical hazard. Change cartridges when
it is necessary;
 Knowing the location of safety showers and eyewash stations and how to use
them;
 Washing your hands before eating, especially after handling chemicals;
 Leaving your contaminated clothing at work. If you wear the clothes home, you
can expose your family to the hazards.
inflammation of the walls of the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs.
Toolbox Talk: OSHA’s Revised Hazard Communication Standard – What is GHS?

For many years now, employees could gather limited information about the hazardous chemicals
they work with by looking at container labels and reading Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS’s).
However, there was no set format to govern how the companies that produced or distributed
those chemicals categorized the hazards of their products, nor how the labels and MSDS’s had to
appear. The end result was a confusing mish-mash of information that often failed to help
workers quickly discern the hazards of the products they were using.

To address this problem, OSHA recently revised their Hazard Communication Standard to align
with the international “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of
Chemicals”, commonly referred to as “GHS”. As a result, manufacturers and distributors of
hazards chemicals and products must begin to standardize how they categorize the hazards of
their products, as well as the information and format of their container labels and Safety Data
Sheets. Here is an overview of some of the changes you will start seeing very soon, if not
already:

 “Material Safety Data Sheets” (MSDS’s) will be replaced by “Safety Data Sheets” (SDS’s);

 The new SDS’s will be divided into 16 sections, with information about the product’s
chemical hazards appearing in a set order that is always the same for every sheet;

 Container labels will all display mandatory information, including a product identifier that
is exactly the same as that appearing on the corresponding Safety Data Sheet (SDS);

 Container labels will also have standardized “signal words”, “hazard statements”, and
“precautionary statements” to help insure you are alerted to applicable dangers and
necessary safeguards you should follow when working with that product;

 All container labels will also display one or more of eight specific “pictograms”, which
are basically icons that appears in small red boxes that will help you to quickly identify
the specific hazard or hazards associated with the product you are using.
OSHA has given employers until December 1, 2013 to train their employees on all of the
required elements of the new labeling systems and Safety Data Sheets (SDS’s). So our next few
toolbox talks will focus more on the specifics of how the new hazard warning systems work. In
the meantime, you will still see old labels and MSDS’s around until the transition to the revised
Hazard Communication Standard is fully implemented.

Any question or comment about why OSHA revised their Hazard Communication Standards to
align with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals?
Please be sure to sign-in on the training certification form.
Toolbox Talk: OSHA’s Revised Haz-Com Standard – Safety Data Sheets (SDS’s)

Most of you are probably familiar with Material Safety Data Sheets, called MSDS’s, as these
documents have been around for almost 30 years. However, MSDS’s for products from various
manufacturers and importers often look very different, which sometimes makes it very difficult
to find specific safety and health related information about the hazards of a product. So OSHA
recently revised their hazard communication standard to require manufacturers and importers of
hazardous products to replace their old MSDS’s with new GHS-compliant Safety Data Sheets,
also known as an SDS’s, and in turn employers must make them available to their workers.

These new SDS’s are similar to the old MSDS’s, with a couple of major differences; First of all,
the new SDS’s will always be comprised of 16 separate sections, and those sections will always
appear in the same order for any product, regardless of where it comes from. The new SDS’s will
also incorporate the applicable Signal Word, Hazard Statements, Precautionary Statements, and
Pictograms that also appear on the new GHS compliant labels we have previously discussed.

Here is an overview of the 16 sections that make up the new Safety Data Sheets, in the order in
which they must now appear (We suggest you pass out a copy of a GHS-compliant SDS for a product used at
your workplace to each employee so they can refer to it during this talk – Here is a link to a SDS that meets the
new GHS format that you can use for reference in case one is not yet available at your site):

Section 1: Identification - If you want to know the name of the product or its common chemical
name, this is the section where you will look. It also identifies the manufacturer, their address
and emergency contact information, and recommendations or restrictions for the product’s use.

Section 2: Hazard(s) identification – This section lists the hazard classifications, signal word,
hazard statements, precautionary statements, and pictograms that appear on the container
label will also appear in this section of the SDS.

Section 3: Composition/information on ingredients – Here you’ll find the name of each

hazardous chemical present in the product (including percentages for each chemical if the
product is a mixture). You will also find the identity of any impurities and stabilizing additives
which are hazardous and contribute to the classification of the chemical, along with any
unique identifiers such as the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number.

Section 4: First-aid measures – Here is where you will find a description of the initial care that
should be given by untrained responders to an individual who has been exposed to the
chemical, including necessary first-aid instructions by relevant routes of exposure (inhalation,
skin and eye contact, and ingestion). There will also be information about the most important
symptoms or effects that are acute or delayed, along with recommendations for immediate
medical care and special treatment needed, when applicable.
Section 5: Fire-fighting measures – Here you will find recommendations of suitable equipment
for extinguishing a fire involving the chemical, as well as information about extinguishing
equipment that is not appropriate. There are also warnings about any hazardous by-products
created when the chemical burns.

Section 6: Accidental release measures – This section provides recommendations on appropriate

response to spills, leaks, or accidental releases of the chemical, including containment and cleanup
practices to prevent or minimize exposure to employees and the general environment.

Section 7: Handling and storage – Provides guidance on the safe handling practices and
conditions necessary for the safe storage of the chemical. This includes precautions for safe
handling, including recommendations for handling incompatible chemicals, minimizing the
release of the chemical into the environment, and recommended general hygiene practices (e.g.,
eating, drinking, and smoking in work area), as well as identification of any incompatibles.

Section 8: Exposure controls/personal protection – This section provides the OSHA permissible
exposure limits for the chemical(s), suitable engineering controls (such as ventilation systems),
and recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers to help prevent exposure.

Section 9: Physical and chemical properties – Technical information about the product, such as
its flash point (temperature it gives off enough vapors to ignite and burn), vapor density (tells if
vapors are lighter or heavier than air), and a whole lot more is provided in this section.

Section 10: Stability and reactivity – This section discusses whether the chemical is stable or
unstable under normal ambient temperature and conditions while in storage or while being
handled. And information about possible hazardous reactions, conditions to be avoided, and
incompatible products and agents appears in this section too.

Section 11: Toxicological information – Here you can see the toxicological and health effects, if
any, of over-exposure to the chemical, as well as information about known or likely routes of
exposure (inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact) and a description of symptoms of over-
exposure.

Section 12: Ecological information,

Section 13: Disposal considerations,

Section 14: Transport information,
Section 15: Regulatory information – These four sections are not regulated by OSHA.

Section 16: Other information – Contains the date of preparation or of last revision for the SDS.
st
Manufacturers and importers of hazardous products have until June 1 of 2015 to develop Safety
Data Sheets for their products. But SDS’s are already starting to show up in many workplaces, and
that is why our company is required by OSHA to provide you with this training right away.

Does anyone have a question or comment about the new GHS format for Safety Data Sheets?
Please be sure to sign the training certification form.
 Toolbox Talk: OSHA’s Revised Haz-Com Standard – “Skull & Crossbones” Pictogram

OSHA recently revised their Hazard Communication Standard to require manufacturers and
distributors of hazards chemicals and products to begin standardizing their container labels to display
new features called “Pictograms”. These are eight different icons used to depict distinct hazards
associated with their products. Some products may have only one or two of the eight pictograms
displayed on their labels, whereas more complex products may have multiple pictograms appearing
on their label when the product presents multiple safety or health hazards.
is an ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial
resemblance to a physical object
Today we will discuss the “Skull and Crossbones” pictogram that identifies acute and
potentially fatal toxicity hazards (see this pictogram provided on the handout provided with this
toolbox talk, we recommend making copies for each trainee). This Pictogram is specific to certain
chemicals that, depending on the toxicity of the chemical, indicate that the chemical may be
highly toxic (poisonous) or fatal if swallowed, if contact is made with skin, and/or if it is inhaled.

So, when you see a Pictogram depicting a “Skull and Crossbones” on a product label, refer to the
hazard statement(s) that appear on that label too. The toxic effects of the material you are
working with may vary, from acutely toxic to potentially fatal. The hazard statements can
provide more information about the level of hazard you are dealing with, as well as the
chemical’s route(s) of entry into your body and the particular organ(s) targeted by the chemical.

And pay particular attention to the Precautionary Statements appearing on the label too, as they
list recommended measures that should be taken to minimize the potential for developing an
acute (relatively quick) reaction resulting from use or handling of the toxic product. Examples of
precautionary statements that may accompany products bearing the “Skull and Crossbones”
Pictogram on the label are “Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product”, “Do not get in
eyes, on skin, or on clothing”, “Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray”, and/or
“Wear protective gloves/protective clothing”. Additional information about precautions to
follow and safe use of these products is also available on their Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

This particular pictogram should help you quickly recognize potentially hazardous associated
with products that are highly toxic (if possible, give specific examples of such products present at
your job site). OSHA has given manufacturers and importers of hazardous products until June 1,
2015 to make the full transition to the new labeling requirements. So in the meantime, start to
watch for the “Skull and Crossbones” Pictogram to appear on some of the container labels here
at work, and heed the warnings and specific precautions provided for use of that product. Does
anyone have a question or comment about the will soon start to see on some labels? Please be
sure
Toolbox Talk: OSHA’s Revised Haz-Com Standard – “Exclamation Mark” Pictogram

Today we will discuss the “Exclamation Mark” pictogram (see this pictogram provided on
the handout provided with this toolbox talk, we recommend making copies for each trainee).

Containers displaying the “Exclamation Mark” pictogram on their product label contain a
hazardous material that, while still potentially harmful to your health or safety, represents
the lower end of the scale for specific hazards when compared to products bearing some of
the other Pictograms we have previously discussed. Here are three examples of what I mean:

 A material that is highly corrosive and will burn the skin or cause serious eye damage
will display the “Corrosive” pictogram, whereas the “Exclamation Mark” pictogram
could appear on products that are irritants to the eyes or skin;


 A material that is potentially fatal or highly toxic if it is ingested, inhaled, or contacts the
skin will display the “Skull and Crossbones” pictogram, whereas the “Exclamation Mark”
pictogram will appear on products that could cause lesser harm (such as nausea or other
similar reactions).


 A material that may cause damage to one or more of your organs through prolonged
exposure will display the “Health Hazard” pictogram, whereas the “Exclamation Mark”
pictogram could appear on products that might only make you feel drowsy or dizzy;

As you can see, products with labels marked with the “Exclamation Mark” pictogram might not
represent quite as severe a particular hazard as those marked with some of the other
Pictograms, but they still deserve our respect. So always pay attention to the Warning
Statements that appear on the container label, and also read and follow the Precautionary
Statements, as they explain what steps to take to minimize the hazards. Additional detailed
information about warning and precautions is available on the product’s Safety Data Sheet
(SDS).

This particular pictogram should help you quickly recognize products which present various
lower-level hazards (if possible, give specific examples of such products present at your job site).
OSHA has given manufacturers and importers of all hazardous products until June 1, 2015 to
make the full transition to this new labeling system. So in the meantime, watch for the
“Exclamation Mark” pictogram to appear on containers at work, and heed the warnings and
precautions provided for use of that product.

Does anyone have a question or comment about the “Exclamation Mark” pictogram that you
might soon see on some labels? Please be sure to sign the training certification form.
 EXCLAMATION MARK
  Irritant (skin and eye)

  Respiratory Tract Irritant

  Skin Sensitizer

  Acute Toxicity

  Narcotic Effects

  Self-Reactives

  Organic Peroxides

 Hazardous to Ozone Layer (Non-Mandatory)

Toolbox Talk: OSHA’s Revised Haz-Com Standard – “Health Hazard” Pictogram

Today we will discuss the “Health Hazard” pictogram that identifies chemicals and products which could
lead to chronic (means slow developing) or sometimes acute health problems (see this pictogram
provided on the handout provided with this toolbox talk, we recommend making copies for each trainee).
Potential health hazards associated with this pictogram include:

  Carcinogens - which can lead to the development of a cancer;

 Mutagens – these can alter your DNA, which can lead to defects in future offspring;

 Reproductive Hazards - which can affect the ability of healthy men and women to
conceive healthy children;

 Respiratory Sensitizers – this means you might have a hyper-allergic reaction when re-exposed
to the chemical at even low levels after you have been initially over-exposed;

 Target Organ Toxicity – which means the chemical or products affects the normal
 function of specific organs (such as liver, kidney, blood, and others); and,

 Aspiration Toxicity – this can lead to the development of chemical pneumonia.

So, when you see the “Health Hazard” pictogram on a product label, refer to the hazard statement(s)
that appear on that label too, as they can provide more information about the level of hazard you are
dealing with, as well as the chemical’s route(s) of entry into your body and the particular organ(s)
targeted by the chemical.

And pay particular attention to the Precautionary Statements appearing on the label too, as they list
recommended measures that should be taken to minimize the potential for developing an illness
resulting from use or handling of the toxic product. Examples of precautionary statements that may
accompany products bearing the “Health Hazard” pictogram on the label are “Do not eat, drink or
smoke when using this product”, “Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing”, “Do not breathe
dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray”, and/or “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing”. Additional
information about precautions to follow and safe use of these products is also available on their Safety
Data Sheet (SDS).

This particular pictogram should help you quickly recognize potentially hazardous associated with
products that are short and long-term health risks (if possible, give specific examples of such products
present at your job site). OSHA has given manufacturers and importers of hazardous products until June
1, 2015 to make the full transition to the new labeling requirements. So in the meantime, watch for the
“Health hazard” pictogram to appear on some of the container labels here at work, and heed the
warnings and precautions provided for use of that product.

Does anyone have a question or comment about the “Health Hazard” pictogram that you will soon
start to see on some labels? Please be sure to sign-in on the training certification form.
 HEALTH HAZARD
  Carcinogen

  Mutagenicity

  Reproductive Toxicity

  Respiratory Sensitizer

  Target Organ Toxicity

 Aspiration Toxicity

 
