30/07/2017 Irregularities in Indicator Diagram - Marine Engineering Study Materials

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May 3, 2014 11:01 am | Leave a Comment | Frozee

Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity
seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air Get Free Study Materials
cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could be of fuel injectors,
fuel pump, exhaust valve, etc. Email *

Early Ignition

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Indications and E ects

Abnormally high peak pressure of the unit is recorded at the top of the piston stroke.
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Knocking sound comes out of the engine due to heavy loads passed to bearings via running gear.
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Early ignition causes increased thermal efficiency of the engine. Also exhaust temperature
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results in damage of the engine. Voltage Equipment

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Incorrectly adjusted or accidentally changed fuel pump timing Ships
Damaged or incorrectly set fuel valve or fuel injector
Undesired fuel quality Lambda Controller and Jet Assist
Parts inside the cylinder are overheated. System on Ships

Pneumatic Control Systems on Ships

Late Ignition

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Indications and E ects
exam questions panting pid
controller positive displacement pumps
Low peak pressure is indicated for the unit after top dead center.
pounding proportional control pumps
Combustion continue during expansion stroke, give rise to incomplete combustion of fuel, loss of
relief valve safeties in main switch board
energy, elevated exhaust gas temperature for the unit, and black smoke at the engine exhaust.
Reduced power of the engine due to incomplete combustion of the fuel and energy lost in the sewage treatment plant smoke detectors
stp systems of main engine types of chemical
exhaust.
tankers

Causes

Faulty fuel injector or injector spring tension tighten beyond setting.

Poor fuel quality
Wrongly timed or leaking fuel pump
Engine parts inside cylinder are under cooled
Incorrect atomization
Compression pressure low
Combustion air supply is low

After Burning

Indication and E ects

A rise in expansions line is recorded in the later part of piston stroke

Since burning of fuel continues, exhaust gas temperature and pressure increases, causing black
smoke at engine exhaust.

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Unburnt carbon deposits fouls exhaust system, cause damage to exhaust valve and seat,
turbocharger surges and there are chances of uptake fires in exhaust gas economizer.
Elevated temperatures inside cylinders cause breaking up of lubrication and increased wear of
liners, piston rings, burning of piston crown, etc.

Causes

Slow fuel combustion

Quality of fuel is less
Low temperature of fuel (Means high viscosity)

Leaky Fuel Injector

Indications and E ects

Reduced power in the affected unit, high exhaust temperature and presence of black smoke in
exhaust.
Possible knocking sounds or pressure waves in fuel injection system.
Sudden up and downs in indicated diagram in the fuel injection and expansion side.
After burning due to incomplete combustion of fuel.

Causes

Leaking fuel injector.

Chocking of fuel injector spray holes, which leads to improper atomization and dripping of fuel.

Partly Choked Fuel Valve

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Indications and E ects

Low exhaust gas temperature of the unit

Power card and draw card indications
Loss of engine power

Causes

Fuel oil contamination and improper purification

Carbon formation at injector tip
Carbon deposits on fuel valve due to over heating

Low Compression

Indications and E ects

Low pressure in the indicator card

Reduced power of engine

Causes

Improper combustion
Insufficient air for combustion
Leakage of air in between piston rings and liner while compression stroke due to worn out liner or
piston rings.

Exhaust Valve Opening

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Light spring diagram gives indications on faulty exhaust valve and intake port operations.

Early Opening

Elevated exhaust gas temperature and fouling of exhaust system

Loss of engine power

Late Opening

Reduced blow down effect and hence reduced scavenging efficiency

Low quality of exhaust gas delivered to the turbocharger inversely affect its operation

Choked Exhaust

Indications and E ects

Power loss in the unit

Increased exhaust temperature
Turbocharger surging
adversely affect scavenging efficiency

Causes

Improper combustion
Increased cylinder lube oil

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Posted in: Diesel Engines | Tagged: indicator diagrams, irregularities in indicator diagrams, purpose of indicator
diagrams, types of indicator diagrams

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