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Tango
Tango is a partner dance that originated in the 1880s along the River Plate,
the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay, and soon spread to the
Tango
rest of the world.[2]

Early tango was known as tango criollo (Creole tango). Today, there are many
forms of tango extant. Popularly and among tango dancing circles, the
authentic tango is considered to be the one closest to the form originally
danced in Argentina and Uruguay.

On August 31, 2009, UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and

Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
Lists.[3][4]

Contents
History A couple dances Argentine tango
Styles Stylistic Habanera · candombe
Tango de salon (salon tango)
origins · milonga ·
Tango canyengue
tango flamenco ·
Tango nuevo
New tango songs zarzuela · polka · waltz
Contact tango · payada
Ballroom tango Cultural 1850–1890,
Finnish tango origins Argentina
Comparison of techniques Uruguay
Famous tango singers Typical Accordion ·
Tango influence instruments Bandoneon · piano ·
Tango in society guitar · violin ·
Health benefits double bass ·
Tango in film human voice
Gallery Derivative Canyenge · Maxixe ·
References forms Tango Waltz
Further reading Subgenres
External links Finnish tango · Ballroom tango ·
Tango fantasia · Tango nuevo ·
Tango Argentino · Tango oriental ·
History Tango Liso · Tango aalon · Tango
Orillero · Tango Milonguero
Tango is a dance that has influences from African, Native American and
European culture.[5] Dances from the candombe ceremonies of former slave Fusion genres
peoples helped shape the modern day tango. The dance originated in lower- Alternative tango · Tango electronico
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class districts of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The music derived from the Other topics
fusion of various forms of music from Europe.[6] The words "tango" and Tango music
"tambo" around the River Plate basin were initially used to refer to
musical gatherings of slaves, with written records of colonial authorities
attempting to ban such gatherings as early as 1789.[7]
Tango rhythm.[1]
Initially, it was just one of the many dances, but it soon became popular
throughout society, as theatres and street barrel organs spread it from the
suburbs to the working-class slums, which were packed with hundreds of
thousands of European immigrants.[8]

In the early years of the 20th century, dancers and orchestras from Buenos
Aires travelled to Europe, and the first European tango craze took place in
Paris, soon followed by London, Berlin, and other capitals. Towards the end of
1913 it hit New York City in the US, and Finland. In the US, around 1911, the
2 4 The origin and spread of tango
word "tango" was often applied to dances in a 4 or 4 rhythm such as the one-
step. The term was fashionable and did not indicate that tango steps would be
used in the dance, although they might be. Tango music was sometimes played, but at a rather fast tempo. Instructors of
the period would sometimes refer to this as a "North American tango", versus the so-called "Argentine Tango". By 1914,
more authentic tango stylings were soon developed, along with some variations like Albert Newman's "Minuet" tango.

In Argentina, the onset in 1929 of the Great Depression, and restrictions introduced after the overthrow of the Hipólito
Yrigoyen government in 1930, caused tango to decline. Its fortunes were reversed as tango became widely fashionable and
a matter of national pride under the government of Juan Perón. Tango declined again in the 1950s, as a result of economic
depression and the banning of public gatherings by the military dictatorships; male-only Tango practice—the custom at
the time—was considered "public gathering". That, indirectly, boosted the popularity of rock and roll because, unlike
Tango, it did not require such gatherings.[9]

In 2009, the tango was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.[10]

Styles
The tango consists of a variety of styles that developed in different regions
and eras of Argentina as well as in other locations around the world. The
dance developed in response to many cultural elements, such as the
crowding of the venue and even the fashions in clothing. The styles are
mostly danced in either open embrace, where lead and follow have space
between their bodies, or close embrace, where the lead and follow connect
either chest-to-chest (Argentine tango) or in the upper thigh, hip area
(American and International tango).
Tango postcard, c. 1919
Different styles of tango are:

Tango vals
Tango argentino
Tango canyengue
Tango Oriental Uruguayan tango
Tango liso
Tango salon

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Tango orillero
Tango camacupense (Angola)
Tango milonguero (tango apilado)
Tango nuevo (new tango)
Contact tango
Tango Valparaísino (from Valparaíso, Chile).
Show tango (also known as fantasia)
Ballroom tango
Finnish tango
These are danced to several types of music:

Tango
Electronic tango-inspired music
"Alternative tango", i.e. music that is an alternative to tango, or non-
tango music employed for use in tango-inspired dance
The milonguero style is characterized by a very close embrace, small
steps, and syncopated rhythmic footwork. It is based on the petitero or
caquero style of the crowded downtown clubs of the 1950s.
Choreographed stage tango in Buenos
In contrast, the tango that originated in the family clubs of the suburban Aires
neighborhoods (Villa Urquiza/Devoto/Avellaneda etc.) emphasizes long
elegant steps, and complex figures. In this case the embrace may be
allowed to open briefly, to permit execution of the complex footwork.

The complex figures of this style became the basis for a theatrical
performance style of tango seen in the touring stage shows. For stage
purposes, the embrace is often very open, and the complex footwork is
augmented with gymnastic lifts, kicks, and drops.

A newer style sometimes called tango nuevo or "new tango", has been
popularized in recent years by a younger generation of dancers. The
embrace is often quite open and very elastic, permitting the leader to lead World tango dance tournament in Buenos
Aires
a large variety of very complex figures. This style is often associated with
those who enjoy dancing to jazz- and techno-tinged "alternative tango"
music, in addition to traditional tango compositions.

Tango de salon (salon tango)

Tango canyengue
Tango canyengue is a rhythmic style of tango that originated in the early 1900s and is still popular today. It is one of the
original roots styles of tango and contains all fundamental elements of traditional Tango from the River Plate region
(Uruguay and Argentina). In tango canyengue the dancers share one axis, dance in a closed embrace, and with the legs
relaxed and slightly bent. Tango canyengue uses body dissociation for the leading, walking with firm ground contact, and
a permanent combination of on- and off-beat rhythm. Its main characteristics are its musicality and playfulness. Its
rhythm is described as "incisive, exciting, provocative".

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The complex figures of this style became the basis for a theatrical performance style of Tango seen in the touring stage
shows. For stage purposes, the embrace is often very open, and the complex footwork is augmented with gymnastic lifts,
kicks, and drops.

Tango nuevo
A newer style sometimes called tango nuevo or "new tango" was popularized after 1980 by a younger generation of
musicians and dancers. Ástor Piazzolla, composer and virtuoso of the bandoneón (so-called "tango accordion") played a
major role in the innovation of traditional tango music. The embrace is often quite open and very elastic, permitting the
leader to initiate a great variety of very complex figures. This style is often associated with those who enjoy dancing to jazz-
and techno-tinged, electronic and alternative music inspired in old tangos, in addition to traditional Tango compositions.

Tango nuevo is largely fueled by a fusion between tango music and electronica (electrotango), though the style can be
adapted to traditional tango and even non-tango songs. Gotan Project released its first tango fusion album in 2000,
quickly following with La Revancha del Tango in 2001. Bajofondo Tango Club, a Rioplatense music band consisting of
seven musicians from Argentina and Uruguay, released their first album in 2002. Tanghetto's album Emigrante
(electrotango) appeared in 2003 and was nominated for a Latin Grammy in 2004. These and other electronic tango fusion
songs bring an element of revitalization to the tango dance, serving to attract a younger group of dancers.

New tango songs

In the second half of the 1990s, a movement new tango songs was born in Buenos Aires. It was mainly influenced by the
old orchestra style rather than by Piazzolla's renewal and experiments with electronic music. The novelty lies in the new
songs, with today's lyrics and language, which find inspiration in a wide variety of contemporary styles.

In the 2000s, the movement grew with prominent figures such as the Orquesta Típica Fernandez Fierro, whose creator,
Julian Peralta,[11][12] would later start Astillero and the Orquesta Típica Julián Peralta. Other bands also have become part
of the movement such as the Orquesta Rascacielos, Altertango, Ciudad Baigón, as well as singer and songwriters Alfredo
"Tape" Rubín,[11] Victoria di Raimondo,[11] Juan Serén,[11] Natalí de Vicenzo[11] and Pacha González.[11]

Contact tango
Contact tango takes inspiration from Argentine tango and Contact Improvisation, both of which are improvised and not
choreographed. Contact tango 'blends' the leading and following roles in a similar way to Contact Improvisation, and the
dancing partners may frequently change roles during the dance. Contact tango may include the 'floor work' of contact
improvisation or other improvised movements which maintain contact between the partners. This differs from Argentine
tango where stepping and walking are the dominant motifs. Contact tango is a partner dance but like contact
improvisation, it may include more than two dancers on occasion.

Ballroom tango
Ballroom tango, divided in recent decades into the "International" (Yogita) and "European" styles, has descended from the
tango styles that developed when the tango first went abroad to Europe and North America. The dance was simplified,
adapted to the preferences of conventional ballroom dancers, and incorporated into the repertoire used in International
Ballroom dance competitions. English tango was first codified in October 1922, when it was proposed that it should only
be danced to modern tunes, ideally at 30 bars per minute (i.e. 120 beats per minute – assuming a 4
4 measure).

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Subsequently, the English tango evolved mainly as a highly competitive dance, while
the American tango evolved as an unjudged social dance with an emphasis on leading
and following skills. This has led to some principal distinctions in basic technique and
style. Nevertheless, there are quite a few competitions held in the American style, and
of course mutual borrowing of technique and dance patterns happens all the time.

Ballroom tangos use different music and styling from the tangos from the River Plata
region (Uruguay and Argentina), with more staccato movements and the characteristic
head snaps. The head snaps are totally foreign to Argentine and Uruguayan tango, and
were introduced in 1934 under the influence of a similar movement in the legs and feet
of the tango from the River Plate, and the theatrical movements of the pasodoble. This
style became very popular in Germany and was soon introduced to England. The
movements were very popular with spectators, but not with competition judges.[13]

Finnish tango Ballroom tango illustration,

1914
Tango arrived in Finland in 1913. The tango spread from the dominant urban dance
form to become hugely popular across Finland in the 1950s after World War I and
World War II. The melancholy tone of the music reflects the themes of Finnish folk poetry; Finnish tango is almost always
in a minor key.

The tango is danced in very close full thigh, pelvis and upper body contact in a wide and strong frame, and features
smooth horizontal movements that are very strong and determined. Dancers are very low, allowing long steps without any
up and down movement, although rises and falls are optional in some styles. Forward steps land heel first except when
descending from a rise, and in backward steps dancers push from the heel. In basic steps, the passing leg moves quickly to
rest for a moment close to the grounded leg. Dips and rotations are typical. There is no open position, and typically feet
stay close to the floor, except in dips the follower might slightly raise the left leg. Unlike in some Latin American tango
styles, in Finnish tango there is no kicking of any kind, and there are no aerials.

The annual Finnish tango festival Tangomarkkinat draws over 100,000 tangophiles to the central Finnish town of
Seinäjoki; the town also hosts the Tango Museum.

Comparison of techniques
Argentine, Uruguayan, and Ballroom Tango use very different techniques. In Argentine and Uruguayan tango, the body's
center moves first, then the feet reach to support it. In ballroom tango, the body is initially set in motion across the floor
through the flexing of the lower joints (hip, knee, ankle) while the feet are delayed, then the feet move quickly to catch the
body, resulting in snatching or striking action that reflects the staccato nature of this style's preferred music.

In tango, the steps are typically more gliding, but can vary widely in timing, speed, and character, and follow no single
specific rhythm. Because the dance is led and followed at the level of individual steps, these variations can occur from one
step to the next. This allows the dancers to vary the dance from moment to moment to match the music (which often has
both legato and/or staccato elements) and their mood.

The Tango's frame, called an abrazo or "embrace", is not rigid, but flexibly adjusts to different steps, and may vary from
being quite close, to offset in a "V" frame, to open. The flexibility is as important as is all movement in dance. The
American Ballroom Tango's frame is flexible too, but experienced dancers frequently dance in closed position: higher in
the elbows, tone in the arms and constant connection through the body. When dancing socially with a beginners, however,

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it may be better to use a more open position because the close

position is too intimate for them. In American Tango open
position may result in open breaks, pivots, and turns which are
quite foreign in Argentine tango and International (English)
tango.

There is a closed position as in other types of ballroom dance, but

it differs significantly between types of tango. In Tango from the
River Plata region, the "close embrace" involves continuous
contact at the full upper body, but not the legs. In American
Ballroom tango, the "close embrace" involves close contact in the
pelvis or upper thighs, but not the upper body. Followers are
instructed to thrust their hips forward, but pull their upper body
away and shyly look over their left shoulder when they are led A tango demonstration film from 1930

into a "corte".

In tango from the River Plate region, the open position, the legs may be intertwined and hooked together, in the style of
Pulpo (the Octopus). In Pulpo's style, these hooks are not sharp, but smooth ganchos.

In Tango from the River Plata, Uruguay and Argentina, the ball or toe of the foot may be placed first. Alternatively, the
dancer may take the floor with the entire foot in a cat-like manner. In the International style of Tango, "heel leads"
(stepping first onto the heel, then the whole foot) are used for forward steps.

Ballroom tango steps stay close to the floor, while the River Plata Tango (Uruguayan and Argentine) includes moves such
as the boleo (allowing momentum to carry one's leg into the air) and gancho (hooking one's leg around one's partner's leg
or body) in which the feet travel off the ground. Both Uruguayan and Argentine tango features other vocabulary foreign to
ballroom, such as the parada (in which the leader puts his foot against the follower's foot), the arrastre (in which the
leader appears to drag or be dragged by the follower's foot), and several kinds of sacada (in which the leader displaces the
follower's leg by stepping into her space).

Famous tango singers

Carlos Acuña[TT] [t.i] (1915–1999) was known for his deep, high and expressive voice. His foreign travels brought him
success in Uruguay, Mexico, Italy and Spain, where he became a close friend of the exiled Juan Perón.[14]
Néstor Fabián[TT]
Carlos Gardel[t.i]
Roberto Goyeneche[TT] [t.i]
Julio Sosa[TT] [t.i] (1926–1964) from Uruguay was one of the most important tango singers during tango's unhappy
years in the 1950s and early 1960s. His passion for poetry led to his sole published book; his passion for fast cars led
to his young death.[15]
Olavi Virta
Reijo Taipale
Tita Merello[TT]
Edmundo Rivero[TT]
Pyotr Leschenko

Tango influence

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Music and dance elements of tango are popular in activities related to

gymnastics, figure skating, synchronized swimming, etc., because of its
dramatic feeling and its cultural associations with romance.

For 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina, Adidas designed a ball and named it
Tango,[16] likely a tribute to the host country of the event. This design was also
used in 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain as Tango Málaga,[17] and in 1984 and
1988 UEFA European Football Championships in France and West Germany.
Casual, unchoreographed Argentine
social style at an outdoor tango
Tango in society party

Tango appears in different aspects of socialty: Regular milongas and special

festivals. A very famous festival is the Tango Buenos Aires Festival y Mundial in Buenos Aires. On a regional level there are
also many festivals inside and outside of Argentina. One local festival outside Argentina is Buenos Aires in the Southern
Highlands in Australia.

Health benefits
It has been suggested that tango makes people feel more relaxed, sexier, and less depressed, and increases testosterone
levels.[18]

Dance targets six main areas considered to be important for high quality of life and successful aging:

1. physical exercise
2. social satisfaction
3. spirituality and mindfulness
4. cognition
5. meaningfulness
6. emotional and educational health
While all types of dance confers some types of benefits, Argentine tango dancing, in particular, has documented evidence
that these areas are improved in both healthy and disabled populations.[19]

Tangolates is an exercise method that combines the core stability of Pilates with the concentration, coordination and fluid
movement of tango, designed in 2004 by Tamara Di Tella. Utilizing a partner-method and incorporating the aerobic or
cardio element of music, it started as a rehabilitation technique for patients with severe dysfunctions of the nervous
system.

Tango in film
Argentine tango is the main subject in these films:

¡Tango! (1933)
Adiós Buenos Aires (1938)
Tango: El Exilio de Gardel/Tangos: the Exile of Gardel (1985), starring Philippe Léotard, directed by Fernando
Solanas
The Tango Bar (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096221/) (1988), starring Raúl Juliá
The Tango Lesson (1997), starring Sally Potter and Pablo Verón, directed by Sally Potter
Tango (1998), starring Cecilia Narova and Mía Maestro, directed by Carlos Saura
Assassination Tango (2002), starring Robert Duvall, Rubén Blades and Kathy Baker, directed by Robert Duvall
Orquesta Tipica (2005), documentary film about typical orchestra Fernandez Fierro, directed by Nicolas Entel

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12 Tangos – Adios Buenos Aires (2005), directed by Arne Birkenstock

Tango libre (2012), directed by Frédéric Fonteyne
Vaje v objemu / Practice in embrace (2012), directed by Metod Pevec
A number of films show tango in several scenes, such as:

The Threepenny Opera (Die 3-Groschen-Oper) (1931), directed by G. W. Pabst, has number called Tango Ballade.
The Plow That Broke the Plains (1936), directed by Pare Lorentz.
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921), starring Rudolph Valentino and Alice Terry, directed by Rex Ingram.
L'amore in città (1953), segment "Paradise for three hours" (Paradiso per tre ore), directed by Dino Risi, starring
nonprofessional actors, featuring a long sequence in a ballroom, where a passionate tango of Mario Nascimbene is
played.
Il Conformista (1970), starring Jean-Louis Trintignant and Dominique Sanda, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci.
Last Tango in Paris (1972), starring Marlon Brando and Maria Schneider, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci.
The World's Greatest Lover (1977), starring Gene Wilder (who also directed), Carol Kane and Dom DeLuise.
Death on the Nile (1978), Peter Ustinov and Olivia Hussey tango whilst David Niven is the unfortunate partner to
Angela Lansbury's rather eccentric version of the dance.
Tango (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084764/) (1981), a short animation film by Zbigniew Rybczynski. Received an
Oscar for Best Animated Short Film, Academy Awards 1982.
Never Say Never Again (1983), starring Sean Connery and Kim Basinger, directed by Irvin Kershner.
Naked Tango (1990), starring Vincent D'Onofrio and Mathilda May, directed by Leonard Schrader.
Scent of a Woman (1992), Al Pacino as blind Colonel dances Argentine Tango.
Strictly Ballroom (1992), directed by Baz Luhrmann.
Addams Family Values (1993), Raul Julia and Anjelica Huston dance a tango so passionate that it literally burns the
floor and makes all the champagne bottles in the nightclub pop their corks.
Schindler's List (1993), starring Liam Neeson.
True Lies (1994), starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jamie Lee Curtis and Tia Carrere, directed by James Cameron.
Evita (1996), Madonna and Antonio Banderas dance a ballroom tango.
Happy Together (1997), directed by Wong Kar-wai.
Moulin Rouge! (2001), featuring Ewan McGregor and "El Tango de Roxanne".
Waking Life (2001), directed by Richard Linklater.
Le Tango Des Rashevski (2002).
Chicago (2002), starring Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Richard Gere, directed by Rob Marshall
includes a song titled "The Cell Block Tango" and is accompanied with a dance.
Frida (2002), Salma Hayek and Ashley Judd dance a tango to the Lila Downs performed song "Alcoba Azul".
Shall We Dance (2004), starring Richard Gere, Jennifer Lopez and Susan Sarandon, directed by Peter Chelsom.
Madonna featured choreography inspired by the Argentine tango styles for the Die Another Day section of her 2004
Re-Invention Tour. Segments of the 2005 documentary I'm Going To Tell You A Secret show this choreography in
use.
Rent (2005) had Anthony Rapp and Tracie Thoms perform a semi-elaborate ballroom tango in the song
"Tango:Maureen" to describe their emotional relations and issues over a promiscuous girl they both dated.
Mad Hot Ballroom (2005), documentary directed by Marilyn Agrelo.
Love and Other Disasters (2006): Jacks (Brittany Murphy) and Paolo (Santiago Cabrera) perform a tango together.
Take the Lead (2006), starring Antonio Banderas, directed by Liz Friedlander.
Another Cinderella Story (2008), starring Selena Gomez and Drew Seeley. Performed during the Black and White
Ball in the scene where Mary drops her Zune.
Easy Virtue (2008), in which Jessica Biel and Colin Firth dance a tango.
Step Up 3D (2010), in which Rick Malambri, Sharni Vinson and some of the supporting characters at a ballroom,
dance a tango to Jazmine Sullivan's Bust Your Windows.
Pixilation II (2011), short animation film by Kambras.
Finnish tango is featured to a greater or lesser extent in the following films:

Onnen maa (1993), starring Pertti Koivula and Katariina Kaitue, directed by Markku Pölönen.
Levottomat (2000), starring Mikko Nousiainen and Laura Malmivaara, directed by Aku Louhimies.

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Tulitikkutehtaan tyttö (1990), starring Kati Outinen, directed by Aki Kaurismäki.

Mies vailla menneisyyttä (2002), starring Markku Peltola and Kati Outinen, directed by Aki Kaurismäki.
Varjoja paratiisissa (1986), starring Matti Pellonpää and Kati Outinen, directed by Aki Kaurismäki.
Kuutamolla (2002), starring Minna Haapkylä and Laura Malmivaara, directed by Aku Louhimies.
Tango Kabaree (2001), starring Martti Suosalo and Aira Samulin, directed by Pekka Lehto.
Minä soitan sinulle illalla (1954), starring Olavi Virta, directed by Armand Lohikoski.

Gallery

Statue of Carlos Gardel Carlos Gardel.

in Buenos Aires.

References
1. Blatter, Alfred (2007). Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice, p.28. ISBN 0-415-97440-2.
2. Termine, Laura (September 30, 2009). "Argentina, Uruguay bury hatchet to snatch tango honor" (https://www.google.c
om/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hy8EQ1hEp3BVG-vnlwrClzXfpA7A). Buenos Aires. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
3. "Culture:The Tango" (http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/index.php?id_film=319&id_page=33&s=films_detail
s). UNESCO Archives Multimedia website. UNESCO. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
4. "The Tango" (http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00258). Intangible Heritage Lists. UNESCO. Retrieved
30 November 2010.
5. Miller, Marilyn Grace (2004). Rise and Fall of the Cosmic Race (https://books.google.com/books?id=fK1xia7EQjkC&p
g=PA86&lpg=PA86). University of Texas Press. pp. 82–89. ISBN 0-292-70572-7. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
6. Denniston, Christine. Couple Dancing and the Beginning of Tango (2003) (http://www.history-of-tango.com/couple-da
ncing.html)
7. Giménez, Gustavo Javier (30 September 2010). "Expresiones músico-religiosas como mecanismos de legitimación
cultural. El caso de la comunidad africana en Buenos Aires entre 1776-1852" (http://geala.files.wordpress.com/2011/0
3/gustavo-gimenez-expresiones-musico-religiosas-como-mecanismos-de-legitimacion-cultural.pdf) (PDF) (in
Spanish). Instituto Ravignani, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA. p. 5. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
8. Frommers. Destinations. Buenos Aires (https://web.archive.org/web/20030611073059/http://frommers.com/destinatio
ns/buenosaires/2299028596.html)

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9. Denniston, Christine. "The History of Tango Dance" (http://www.history-of-tango.com/). Retrieved 7 May 2012.
10. "UN declares tango part of world cultural heritage" (http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/un-declares-tango-p
art-of-world-cultural-heritage-20090930-gckv.html). Sydney Morning Herald. Sep 30, 2009. Retrieved Sep 30, 2009.
11. "Tangos de estreno: clásicos de las orquestas del futuro" (http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1940017-tangos-de-estreno-cla
sicos-de-las-orquestas-del-futuro). Retrieved 2016-10-09.
12. Cas, Andrés. "Levantar al tango de su siesta" (http://www.clarin.com/extrashow/musica/Levantar-tango-siesta_0_743
325784.html). Clarin.com. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
13. PJS Richardson, History of English Ballroom Dancing, Herbert Jenkins 1946, pp. 101–102
14. Jorge Palacio, Carlos Acuña (http://www.todotango.com/english/artists/biography/869/Carlos-Acuna/),
todotango.com. URL accessed 12 July 2006
15. Roberto Selles. Julio Sosa (http://www.todotango.com/english/artists/info/174/Julio-Sosa). todotango.com. URL
accessed 12 July 2006
16. "Tango 1978" (http://www.soccerballworld.com/TangoRiver.htm). www.soccerballworld.com.
17. "Tango 1982" (http://www.soccerballworld.com/TangoEspana.htm). www.soccerballworld.com.
18. "Mind Your Body: Dance Yourself Happy" (http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201008/mind-your-body-dance-yo
urself-happy). Psychology Today. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
19. "The benefits of Argentine tango dancing" (http://www.todotango.com/english/history/chronicle/450/The-benefits-of-Ar
gentine-tango-dancing/). Retrieved 9 August 2016.

Further reading
Davis, Kathy (2015). Dancing Tango: passionate encounters in a globalising world'. NYUP.
Kassabova, Kapka (2011). Twelve Minutes of Love, a tango story (English), Portobello.ISBN 1846272858,
9781846272851
Leymarie, Isabelle (1996). Du tango au reggae: musiques noires d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes. Paris:
Flammarion. ISBN 2082108139.
Leymarie, Isabelle (1997). La música latinoaméricana: Ritmos y danzas de un continente. Barcelona: BSA.
ISBN 8440677057.
Nau, Nicole (1999). Tango Dimensionen (German), Kastell Verlag GmbH, ISBN 978-3-924592-65-3.
Nau, Nicole (2000). Tango, un baile bien porteño (Spanish), Editorial Corregidor, ISBN 950-05-1311-0
Park, Chan (2005). Tango Zen: Walking Dance Meditation (English), Tango Zen House, ISBN 0-9759630-0-7
Park, Chan (2008). TangoZen: Caminar y Meditar Bailando (Spanish-English), Editorial Kier, ISBN 978-950-17-1032-
8
Turner, David (2006). A Passion for Tango (English), Dingley Press 2004 Revised and augmented, ISBN 978-0-954-
70831-3

External links
Argentine Tango Radio (http://argentinetangoradio.com)
Festivals Worldwide (https://tango.info/festivals)
Tango in the Movies (http://soundsandcolours.com/articles/argentina/tango-in-the-movies-12607/)
Tango Events Worldwide Repository (http://itango.it)
Tango Events for select US cities from TangoMango (http://tangomango.org)

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