Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,

Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com

UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, NOV-DEC 2017, VOL- 4/37

Am_À`m Am`wî`mVrb H$mhr AmR>dUr : EH$ AmH$bZ

àm. XrnH$ Jm`H$dmS>, M.A., Ph.D.

lr emhÿ _§{Xa _hm{dÚmb`, nd©Vr, nwUo

AmO AmË_M[aÌ hm dmS²>_` àH$ma g_¥Õ Pmbm Amho. ór Am{U nwéfm§Zr Amnbo AZw^d dmñVdnUo
_m§S>bo AmhoV. nU Amnë`m ^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrMm B{Vhmg nm{hbm Va ór`m§Zm àË`oH$ {R>H$mUr Xþæ`_ ñWmZ {Xbo Amho. _amR>rV ór{b{IV
AmË_M[aÌm§Mm órdmXr àdmg 1975 nmgyZ gwé Pmbobm {XgVmo. EHy$UM ór`m§À`m AmË_H$WZmVyZ órÀ`m OrdZmMr Pmbobr hoigm§S> {XgVo.
a_m~mBªMrhr Am`wî`^a hoigm§S> Pmbobr {XgVo, nU `mda _mV H$éZ Ë`m nwT>o OmV am{hë`m. _wimV ór Am{U nwéfm§gmR>r g_mZ _wë`o AmhoV H$s
Zmhr Agm àíZ C^m amhVmo. a_m~mB© amZS>o `m§Zr 1910 gmbr {b{hbobo ‘Am_À`m Am`wî`mVrb H$mhr AmR>dUr’ ho _amR>rVrb n{hbo ór{b{IV
AmË_M[aÌ hmo`. qhXr bo{IH$m OmZH$sXodr ~OmO `m§Zr a_m~mB©Mo AmË_M[aÌ dmMë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm AmË_M[aÌ boIZmMr àoaUm {_imbr. åhUyZ `m
a_m~mB©À`m AmË_M[aÌmbm _amR>r AmË_M[aÌ na§naoV _mobmMo ñWmZ Amho. Ë`mMm AmT>mdm `m emoY{Z~§YmV KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. `mgmR>r
M[aÌmË_H$ g§emoYZ nÕVr dmnabr Amho.

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

àmñVm{dH$ :
_amR>r_Ü`o {ó`m§Zr {b{hboë`m AmË_M[aÌm§Mo XmbZ g_¥Õ Amho. S>m°. ^mbM§Ð \$S>Ho$ `m§Zr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo “_amR>rV Or
AmË_M[aÌo {b{hbr Jobr Ë`mVrb Mm§Jbr AmË_M[aÌo {ó`m§ZrM A{YH$ {b{hbr AmhoV.” ho Ë`m§Mo åhUUo ~amo~a dmQ>Vo. AbrH$S>À`m
H$mbI§S>m_Ü`o {d{dY joÌm§Vrb {ó`m§Zr AmË_na boIZ Ho$bo Amho. nU J«m_rU ^mJmVrb {ó`m§Mr AmË_M[aÌo AOyZhr _amR>r_Ü`o
{b{hbr Jobr ZmhrV ho Z_yX H$amdogo dmQ>Vo. {ó`m§Mr AmË_M[aÌna boIZmMr na§nam hr Amnë`mbm ghmì`m d gmVì`m eVH$mVrb
Amodr, åhUr, JmUr, CImUo `m§gma»`m ór-dmS²>_`mVrb AmË_{dîH$mamdéZ OmUdVo. Ë`mZ§Va _Ü``wJrZ _amR>r gm{hË`m_Ü`o H$mhr
g§V H$d{`ÌtÀ`m A^§Jm§_Ü`o AmË_M[aÌmË_H$ boIZ Pmbobo Amho. `m_Ü`o n{hbo ñWmZ g§V Zm_Xodm§Mr Xmgr ZmJar Am{U OZm~mB©.
CÎma noedmB©Vrb à»`mV gmYy {MX§~a Xr{jV, Jb©hmogyH$a `m§Mr ^ŠV {dR>m~mB©. VwH$mam_m§Mr {eî`m ~{hUm~mB© BË`mXr g§V H$d{`ÌtMm
g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m§gma»`m ór dmS²>_`mVrb AmË_{dîH$mamVyZ Vr A§{eH$ AmË_M[aÌ AmhoV Ago åhUVm `oB©b. nU AmË_M[aÌ åhUVm
`oUma Zmhr. AmË_M[aÌ `m dmS²>_` àH$mamMo {ZH$fhr bmdVm `oUma ZmhrV. \$ŠV `m dmS²>_` àH$mamMr H$mhr nmio_wio Amnë`mbm
VoWo emoYVm `oVmV.
n{hbo _amR>r ór AmË_M[aÌ :
_amR>r_Ü`o AmË_M[aÌ `m dmS²>_`mV {ó`m§Zm C{eam H$m hmoB©Zm àdoe {_imbm. åhUOo {dgmì`m eVH$mVrb n{hbr
AmË_M[aÌna boIZmH¥$Vr hr EH$m órMr åhUOo a_m~mB© amZS>o `m§Mr Amho. _amR>rVrb n{hë`m ór AmË_M[aÌH$mamMm _mZ ‘Am_À`m
Am`wî`mVrb H$mhr AmR>dUr’ `m a_m~mB© amZS>o `m§À`m AmË_M[aÌmbm OmVmo.
‘Am_À`m Am`wî`mVrb H$mhr AmR>dUr’ `m a_m~mB© amZS>o `m§Mo 1910 _Ü`o à{gÕ Pmbobo AmË_M[aÌ hmo`. a_m~mB© amZS>o
`m§Zr `m Amnë`m AmË_M[a§Ìm_YyZ Amnë`m nVrMo åhUOo Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Mo M[aÌ aoImQ>bo Amho. Ý`m. _hmXod JmoqdX amZS>o `m§Zm 19 ì`m
eVH$mV AZÝ`gmYmaU _hÎd Amho. Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Mm g_mOH$maUmVrb X~X~m nmhÿZ a_m~mBªZm Ë`m§Mm AmXa dmQ>Uo gmh{OH$M hmoVo.

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 Dr. Deepak Gaikwad 8517
(Pg. 8516-8520)
1901 _Ü`o Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo. ho n{V{d`moJmZo Xþ…I gwgø H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$mbm§VamZo åhUOo ZD$ dfmªZr a_m~mBªZr hm J«§W
{b{hbm.
~mbnU:
a_m~mBªMm OÝ_ 1962 _Ü`o gmVmam {OëømV Xodamï´> Jmdr. Hw$b}H$a gaXma KamÊ`mV Pmbm. Ë`m§Mr AmB© {_aO `oWrb
amKmonV§ ^mD$ H$a_H$a. à{gÕ amOd¡Ú `m§Mr H$Ý`m hmo`. Ë`m§À`m AmB©Mm ñd^md _m`miy, gmoerH$, {^S>ñV Va dS>rb VmnQ> d H$amar
ñd^mdmMo hmoVo. KamVrb g§ñH$maj_ dmVmdaUm_wio Ë`m§À`m AmB©d{S>bm§H$Sy>Z a_m~mBªZm EH$ Mm§Jbm dmagm {_imbobm {XgVmo. `oWo EH$
àg§J gm§Jmdmgm dmQ>Vmo H$s, Ë`m§À`m d{S>bm§Zr a_m~mBªZm àW_ gmgar OmVmZm Omo CnXoe Ho$bm Vmo Agm, “Vwbm {H$Vrhr Ìmg Pmbm
Var gmog, nU ZmoH$am§Zm CbQy>Z ~moby ZH$mo. ho EH$ d Xþgao VwÂ`m _Zmbm Agø Pmbo Var Vy hmoD$Z H$moUmMrM MhmS>r Zdè`mOdi
gm§JV OmD$ ZH$mog. MhmS>rZo Hw$Qw>§~mMm Zìho Va amÁ`mMmhr Zme hmoVmo.” AmO BVŠ`m dfm©Z§Vahr a_m~mBªÀ`m d{S>bm§Mo ho eãX {VVHo$M
_hÎdmMo dmQ>VmV.
a_mdmB©Mm {ddmh 11 ì`m dfu åhUOo gZ 1973 gmbÀ`m {S>g|~aV _mJ©erf© ewÕ 11 eHo$ 1795 {Xder JmoaO _whÿVm©da
Pmbm. Ë`mdoir a_m~mBªÀ`m nVrMo d` ho Ë`m§À`mnojm 21 dfmªZr OmñV hmoVo. `m{edm` Ý`m. amZS>o {dYwa AgyZXoIrb a_m~mBªÀ`m
d{S>bm§Zr a_m~mBªZm Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zm XoD$ Ho$bo. `mdéZ Ago bjmV `oVo H$s, Ý`m`_yVuMo Mm§Jbo KamUo, Ý`m`_yVvMr {dÕVm d hþÔm `m
Jmoï>tZm àmYmÝ` XoD$ZM a_m~mBªÀ`m d{S>bm§Zr hm {ddmh R>adbm hmoVm. b¾mÀ`m doir a_m~mBªMo {ejU AjaAmoiI hmoÊ`mn`ªV XoIrb
Pmbo ZìhVo. `m H$maU a_m~mBªÀ`m KamV {ó`m§ À`m {ejUm{df`r {damoY Agbobm {XgVmo. `m{df`r a_m~mB© åhUVmV, “_mPo dS>rb,
AmË`m ñVmoÌo dJ¡ao dmMmd`mg {eH$br hmoVr. {Vbm nwT>o XþX£dmZo d¡Yì` Amë`mnmgyZ Am_À`m dS>rb MwbË`m§Zr R>a{dbo H$s, Am_À`m
KamV ~m`H$m§Zr {b{hUo, dmMUo, {eH$Uo Ym{O©Uo Zmhr Ago EoH$ë`dma ZwgVm {b{hÊ`m-dmMÊ`mMm {dMmahr _ZmV AmUbm Va nmn
bmJob H$s H$m`, Aer ~m`H$m§Mr g_OyV hmoÊ`mg H$m` Cera! Ë`m_wio Amåhm _wbtZm {b{hÊ`mdmMÊ`mMm J§Yhr ZgUo ñdm{^{dH$M
Amho.” nU b¾mZ§Va nVrH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zm {ejU {_imbo. nVrÀ`m àoaUm Am{U nmqR>~m `m_wioM a_m~mB© {ejU KoD$ eH$ë`m. Ý`m. amZS>o
XoIrb a_m~mBªÀ`m {ejUm~m~V Xj Agbobo {XgVmV. a_m~mB©H$Sy>Z Aä`mg H$éZ KoÊ`mgmR>r ‘{\$_ob Q´>oqZJ H$m°boO’ _Yrb EH$
_mñVarU Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zr Zo_br. na§Vw a_m~mB©Mm hþS>nUm nmhÿZ Vr _mñVarU {ZKyZ Jobr. VoìhmnmgyZ Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zr ñdV…
a_m~mB©Mm Aä`mg ¿`m`bm gwédmV Ho$br. ~mbnUmnmgyZ {ejUmMr gd` Zgë`m_wio {dÚoMr JmoS>r {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mg a_m~mBªZm WmoS>mgm
Cera bmJbm. nU nwT>o _mÌ Amnbo Xra B§J«Or {eH$VmhoV ho nmhÿZ AmnUhr B§J«Or {eH$mdo Ago a_m~mBªZm dmQy> bmJbo. Ë`m Amnë`m
AmR>dUrV gm§JVmV, “`m~Ôb EHo$ {Xder _r Odi hiyM Jmoï> H$mT>br. _r hmoD$Z B§J«Or {eH$Ê`m~Ôb Jmoï> H$mT>bobr nmhÿZ, ñdV…g
~aoM Zdb, nU g_mYmZhr dmQ>bo.” AemàH$mao a_m~mBªZr ñdV…hÿZ Amnë`m {ejUmMm nm`m _O~yV H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br.
a_m~mBªMo {ejU:
ór {ejUmÀ`m _`m©Xm Amobm§Sy>Z a_m~mBªZr {ejU KoUo ho KamVrb BVa {ó`m§Zm _mÌ AmdS>bo Zmhr. {ó`m§Zr {eH$mdo \$ŠV
dmMÊ`mnwaVo d {heo~mnwaVo hr Ë`m§Mr g_OyV nU a_m~mBªZr H«${_H$ nwñVH$m§Mm Aä`mg H$aUo. B§J«Or {eH$Uo hr Jmoï> KamVrb {ó`m§Zm
AmdS>br Zmhr. Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Zhr a_m~mBªÀ`m {ejU KoÊ`mbm Iyn {damoY Pmbm. `mMo àË`§Va åhUOo a_m~mBªer A~mobm YaUo, Q>mo_Uo
_maUo, Q>mHy$Z ~mobUo `m§gmaIo àH$ma gwé Pmbo. `m§gma»`m àH$mam§_i
w o a_m~mBªZm Iyn _mZ{gH$ Ìmg ghZ H$amdm bmJbm. Ý`m. amZS>o
{Xdgm a_m~mBªZm Aä`mg H$aUo eŠ` Zgë`m_wio amÌr Amnë`m ImobrV da _mS>rda {eH$dV AgV. amÌrgwÕm a_m~mB© Imbr ~m`H$m§Zm
Amnb§ dmMU§ EoHy$ OmD$ Z`o åhUyZ hiy AmdmOmVM dmMV AgV. na§Vw Ý`m. amZS>çm§Zm ho AmdS>V Zgo. Ë`m_wio a_m~mBªZm _moR>çmZo
dmMmdo bmJo. gH$mir amZS>o H$m_mda Jobo H$s, KamVrb BVa ~m`H$m _wÔm_ a_m~mB©XI
o V a_m~mBªZr amÌr dmMbobr H${dVm hob H$mTy>Z

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 Dr. Deepak Gaikwad 8518
(Pg. 8516-8520)
doS>çm dmH$S>çm AmdmOmV EH$_oH$s¨Zm åhUyZ XmIdyZ a_m~mBªZm {MS>dV AgV. a_m~mBªMo ho {ejU Ë`m§Zm AmdS>V Zgo. Ë`m `oVm OmVm
KmbyZ nmSy>Z ~mobyZ a_m~mBªZm Q>mo_Uo _maV, åhUV, “Vy _mS>rda H$m` hdo Va H$a, nU Am_Mr A_`m©Xm Ho$bobr Amåhmbm AJXr
Inm`Mr Zmhr.” {ejUmdéZ Ë`m§Zm `m àH$maMr Iyn ~mobUr Imdr bmJbr. `mMg§X^m©V a_m~mB© EH$ àg§Jr Amnë`m AmR>dUrV
gm§JVmV, “XþnmaMo OodU Pmë`dma gJù`m ~m`H$m _mJë`m gmoß`mV ~gë`m hmoË`m. _r _mOKamVrb Ho$a H$mT>rV hmoVo. Ho$amV B§J«Or
dV©_mZnÌmMm EH$ H$nQ>m gmnS>bm. AmYrM _mPm nmoanUm, CVmdrinUo _r KamVrb Ho$agwUr Imbr R>odyZ Vmo H$nQ>m dmMrV C^r
am{hbo. n§Yam {XdgmV H$m` `oUma hmoVo? _r ZwgVr Ajao nmhV C^r hmoVr. Ë`mdoir AmOogmgy~mBªZr ZOa _mÂ`mH$S>o Jobr. Ë`m§Zr
OdiÀ`m ~m`H$m§Zm IyU Ho$br. Vo nmhÿZ dÝg§Zm \$maM amJ Ambm. Ë`m _moR>çmZo AmoaSy>Z åhUmë`m, “Vw_Mo hmnrg _mS>rda Amho. VoWo
dmMm H$s ZmMm! Am_Mm An_mZ Ho$bm Va I~aXma!” KamVrb ~m`H$m§Zr a_m~mBªÀ`m {ejUmbm EdT>m {damoY H$m Ho$bm Agmdm? EH$
Va {ejUmZo øm Zì`m _wbr CÕQ> hmoVrb, Aer Ë`m§Mr g_OyV Agmdr. Zmhr Va Amnë`mbm {ejU KoUo O_bo Zmhr, {_imbo Zmhr, Vo
{hbm {_iV Amho Aer Ý`yZJ§S>mMr ^mdZm Ë`m§À`m _ZmV Agmdr Ago dmQ>Vo. nU a_m~mB© _moR>çm YramÀ`m, {OÔrÀ`m, X¥T> {ZíM`mÀ`m.
Ë`m§Zr Aem ~mobÊ`m_wio H$Yrhr hma _mZbr Zmhr. CÎm_ B§J«Or {eH$ë`m. Am`wî`^a {ó`m§À`m gwYmaUm§gmR>r YS>nS> Ho$br. AmOÀ`m
_wbtZm ho àg§J AZw^d H$mën{ZH$ dmQ>Vrb; nU Vo Iao AmhoV. H$mimÀ`m _`m©Xm Amobm§§Sy>Z AmOhr _wbtZm Am{U {ó`m§Zm AmXe©
R>amdoV. Ë`mVyZ H$mhrVar ~moY hmoB©b Ago AmhoV.
n§{S>Vm a_m~mB© Á`mdoiog nwÊ`mV Amë`m. Ë`mdoiog {ó`m§À`m hŠH$m§À`m {dMmam§Mm àgma Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m g^m§_YyZ Ho$bm.
a_m~mBªZr `m g^m§Zm OmD$ Z`o. n§{S>Vm a_m~mB© Kar Amë`mda Ë`m§Zm {edy Z`o. nwéfm§Zm `m Jmoï>r hì`m Agë`m Var AmnU Xþb©j
H$amdo, Zmhr åhUy Z`o Ago dÝg§Zr d a_m~mB©§À`m gmgw~mBªZr Ë`m§Zm {eH$dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. na§Vw Xþgè`mbm H$moUmbmhr dmB©Q> Z
~mobVm ñdV…bm hdr Agob VrM Jmoï> H$aÊ`mg a_m~mB© H$Yrhr MwH$V ZgV. hm Ë`m§Mm ñd^dmY_© hmoVm. KamVrb Aem {ó`m§À`m
dmJÊ`m_wio d ñdV…À`m dV©Zm_wio Ë`m åhUVmV, “AmR> _{hÝ`m§Mm CÝhmim d EH$ {XdgmMm nmdgmim” Aer KamVrb BVa AmßVm§Mr
d ñdV…Mr dmJUyH$ Ago. KaÀ`m ~m`H$m§À`m ~mobÊ`mH$S>o Xþb©j H$éZ a_m~mB© n§. a_m~mB©À`m g^m§Zm OmVM am{hë`m. a_m~mB© g^m
g§në`mZ§Va KaVm naV Amë`mda VmB©gmgy~mB© d dÝg a_m~mB©§Zm amJdV AgV. Ë`m~m~V a_m~mB© AmR>dU gm§JVmV, “Kar naV
Amë`mda g^oVrb AmZ§X d Vmo YrQ>nUm _mdiyZ OmD$Z _r ^oXaë`mgmaIo _mOKamV C^o ahmd`mMo. _bm H$S>H$ VmH$sX ìh`mMr,
Vwåhr g^obm OmD$Z AmbmV AmhmV Vw_Mo bwJS>o> ~mQ>bo Amho. bwJS>o ~Xbbo VargwÕm Am_À`m KamV OodZ dmT>m`bm ¿`m`Mo Zmhr.”
KamVrb ~m`H$m§À`m Aem dmJÊ`m_wio a_m~mB© H$Yrhr Ë`m§Zm CbQy>Z ~mobë`m ZmhrV. \$ma Pmbo Va aSy>Z _Zmbm Pmbobm Agø ^ma
hbH$m H$aV AgV. `oWo a_m~mB©§Zm hmoUmam _mZ{gH$ Ìmg {XgyZ `oVmo. a_m~mB©§Mm hm g§Kf© ~mø ZgyZ Am§V[aH$ Amho ho g_OVo.
_hmamï´>mV Ë`mdoir {ó`m§À`m {ejUm~m~V OmJ¥Vr Pmbr ZìhVr. _wbtZr {eH$U§ åhUOo nmn H$aU§ AerM Ë`mH$miMr g_OyV hmoVr.
Aem dmVmdaUmV Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zr Amnë`m nËZrbm {eH$dbo. `mnojmhr KamVrb Imï> {ó`m§Mm gmgy-ZU§X `m§Mm OmM ghZ H$éZ
a_m~mB© H$em {eH$ë`m AgVrb ho Ia§M Ë`m§À`m AmR>dUt_YyZ ór {ejUm{df`r ~moY KoÊ`mgmaIo Amho.
Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Mr ghdmg:
Ý`m. amZS>o `m§À`m ì`{º$_ÎdmMm \$ma _moR>m à^md a_m~mB©da nS>bobm {XgVmo. n§. a_m~mB© `m§Mm ghdmg d Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Mo
{dMma `mVyZ a_m~mB©§Mr OS>UKS>U Pmbobr {XgVo. Ý`m. amZS>|{df`r a_m~mB©§À`m _ZmV EH$ AmXamMo ñWmZ hmoVo. Ý`m. amZS>o
`m§À`m~amo~a doJdoJù`m H$maUm§_i
w o a_m~mB©§Zr ^maV^a ^«_V§ r Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`mMr g{dñVa _m{hVr Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m AmR>dUt_Ü`o
Zm|Xdbr Amho. àdmgmVë`m J_VrO_Vr, doJdoJio AZw^d gm§JV AgVmZm EH$ ‘ghMar’ åhUyZ Ý`m. amZS>o `m§À`mer AYyZ _YyZ MMm©
H$aVmZm a_m~mB© {XgV Agë`m, Var AmnU EH$ J¥{hUrnXmMr ñdrH$mabobr ^y{_H$m d _`m©Xm H$YrM gmoS>VmZm {XgV ZmhrV. `mM

Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 Dr. Deepak Gaikwad 8519
(Pg. 8516-8520)
^«_V§ r_Ü`o Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zm XmoZ doiog ^`§H$a AmOmamZo {nS>bo. 1891 _Ü`o gmobmnya {OëømVrb H$a_mim d 1893 _Ü`o gmobmnya
`oWoM {\$aVrda AgVmZm Vo AmOmar nS>bo. nU XmoÝhr doiog a_m~mB©§Zr A{Ve` YramZo d àg§JmdYmZmZo Ë`m§Mr godm Ho$bobr {XgVo.
`mVyZ a_m~mB©§Mo n{Vào_hr àH$Q>Vo.
Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zmhr Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§~m~Ôb d nËZr~Ôb Agbobo ào_ `oWo {XgyZ `oVo. nmM hm¡X {_eZ_Yrb Mhm àH$aUmÀ`m
doir Amnë`m Hw$Qw>§{~`m§Zm Ìmg hmoD$ Z`o `mMr H$miOr Ë`m§Zr KoVbr hmoVr. Ë`mM~amo~a KamVrb ì`º$s¨Zm Ë`m§Zr H$Yrhr Ag§Vwï> Ho$bo
Zmhr. Amnbr {à` nËZr a_m~mB© `m§À`mer Va XaamoO OodU Pmë`dma n§Yam {_{ZQ>o ~mobV AgV. a_m~mB© Xþ…Ir AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm
AmZ§Xr R>odÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV. Am°naoeZÀ`m doir Va Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zr a_m~mB©§Mr EdT>r H$miOr KoVbr H$s VmgZ²Vmg Vo a_m~mB©§À`m
eoOmar em§VnUo ~gV. Ë`mdoir Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Mr Pmbobr Kmb_ob gm§JVmZm a_m~mB© Amnë`m AmR>dUrV {b{hVmV. “àË`oH$ dmŠ`
~mobVmZm ñdV…À`m _ZmMr pñWVr H$er Pmbr hmoVr Vr hþ~o~w~ _mÂ`m S>moù`m§g_moa Agë`mZo _mÂ`m A§V…H$aUmV H$gogM hmoD$Z S>moio
nmÊ`mZo ^éZ Ambo.” Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Zm Am°naoeZ_YyZ a_m~mB© ~è`m hmoVrb H$s Zmhr `mMr ^rVr dmQ>V Agmdr Ago dmQ>Vo. nU
a_m~mB©§Zr ñdV…hÿZ Am°naoeZ H$aÊ`mMr ^y{_H$m ñdrH$mabobr {XgVo. eodQ>r a_m~mB©§Mo Am°naoeZ gwIénnUo nma nS>Vo. nU WmoS>çmM
{Xdgm§V Ý`m. amZS>o `m§Mr Vã`oV ImbmdVo Am{U 1901 _Ü`o Ý`m`_yVvMo XohmdgZ hmoVo.
g_mamon:
_amR>r dmS²>_`m_Ü`o ~è`mM boIH$m§Zr `m AmË_M[aÌmMm CëboI n{VM[aÌ åhUyZ Ho$bm Amho. nU n[apñWVrbm AZwgéZ
a_m~mB©§Mo boIZ Pmbobo {XgVo. nwéfàYmZ g§ñH¥$Vr Agboë`m `m g_mOmV {ó`m§Zm Xþæ`_ ñWmZ Agë`m_wio a_m~mB©§Zr Amnë`m
nVr{df`r OmñV {b{hUo ñdm^m{dH$M Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a `mbm H$maU Ý`m`_yVuMo ì`{º$_Îdhr hmoVo. Ý`m`_yVvH$Sy>ZM a_m~mB©§Zm ZdrZ
{dMmam§Mm dmagm {_imbobm {XgVmo. Ë`m§Mr OS>UKS>Uhr Ë`m§À`m_wioM Pmbobr bjmV `oVo. Ho$di nwñVH$s {ejU Z XoVm, g^o_Ü`o
~mobÊ`mnmgyZ, gm_m{OH$ d ì`mdhm[aH$ {ejU a_m~mB©§Zm Ý`m`_yVvZr {Xbo. a_m~mB©§Zr nVrÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ§Vahr AZoH$ g§ñWm g_W©nUo
gm§^mië`m. gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZmV _hÎdmMo `moJXmZ {Xbo. `mMr nyd©na§nam åhUyZ Ý`m. amZS>o `m§MmM CëboI H$amdm bmJob.
a_m~mB© amZS>o `m§À`m `m AmË_M[aÌmMm Jmonmi H¥$îU JmoIbo `m EH$m Wmoa g_mOgodH$mMr àñVmdZm bm^br Amho. Ë`m§Zr ho
nwñVH$ {b{hÊ`m_mJMm hoVy gm§JyZ ór-nwéf g_mZVoH$S>o H$go nmhmdo `mMm CëboI Ho$bm Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a Vo åhUVmV, “nËZrZo
Amnë`m nVr~Ôb Aem VèhoZo {b{hbobm hm qhXþñWmZmVrb n{hbmM J«§W qhXþñWmZmV Amho Ago dmQ>Vo. ” hoM `m AmË_M[aÌmMo `e
åhUmdo bmJob. `m AmË_M[aÌmMm Jm¡ad _amR>rVrb g_rjH$, dmS²>_` B{VhmgH$ma, {d{dY {Z`VH$m{bHo$ Aem gdmªZrM Ho$bm. {dgmì`m
eVH$mV EH$m órZo {b{hbobr n{hb EH$ AmË_M[aÌna boIZH¥$Vr åhUyZ Amnë`mbm `m AmË_M[aÌmH$S>o nmhVm `oVo. AmO _amR>r_Ü`o
{d{dY joÌm§Vrb {ó`m§Mr AmË_M[aÌo à{gÕ hmoV AmhoV; nU `mMm nm`m KmbÊ`mMo H$m_ a_m~mB©§ZrM Ho$bo ho AmdOw©Z Z_wX H$amdogo
dmQ>Vo.
g§X^© :
Am_À`m Am`wî`mVrb H$mhr AmR>dUr- a_m~mB© amZS>o, 1910

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