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Operational Department
Table of Contents
Acronyms
Annex
Acronyms
While most of the Millennium Development Goals face a deadline of 2015, GNB works to
improve and empower children, women and community through education. In particular,
educating children helps reduce poverty and promote gender equality. It helps lower child
mortality rates and promotes concern for the environment. The current GNB progress
towards MDGs has been commendable, is well placed to achieving the MDG Goals.
For MDG 1, the effectiveness of GNB program has created urban and rural development and
reduced community poverty. The household income survey reveals that the average
household income is at least 5000TK ($65) per month. GNB provides livestock and supports
the agricultural and vocational training. It helps the families of the sponsored children. In
terms of MDG 2, especially relating to the goal of achieving universal primary education, the
report brings out significant challenges that the education sector faces in achieving the targets
which include ensuring survival rate to grade 5, improving quality of primary education.
GNB provided the primary education support to 11855 children in 2012 (385 in 1996). GNB
has focused on substantive initiatives such as pre-primary education, secondary education,
teachers’ training and child saving account (CSA). Survival to the last grade of primary
schooling has kept pace with the impressive progress achieved so far, the primary school
grade 5 completion rate was96 percent. For promoting gender equality and empower women
(MDG 3), GNB has already achieved gender parity in primary education (Urban 1.1, Rural
0.95) and secondary education (Urban 1.7, Rural 1.03). This positive development has
occurred due to some specific GNB interventions focusing on the gender empowerment.
GNB household survey estimates the adult literacy rate based on persons who can write and
read finds the literacy rate to be 67.86 percent (Male 65 percent and Female 70.71percent,
National adult literacy rate 58.8 percent). For MDG 4, the successful GNB programs for
special health camps, control of nutrition and vitamin A supplementation are considered to be
the most significant contributions to the decline in child death. The survey shows that GNB
has already achieved the MDG 4 target (Under – five morality rate 0 percent / Children 6-18
year olds morality rate 0.06 percent, only one death out of 15,733 children). For MDG 5,
according to the members in the project area, many women died in pregnancy or childbirth
before starting GNB women health project. However, the GNB household survey reveals that
GNB is well placed to achieving the MDG 5 target (maternal mortality rate 0 percent).
One of the major contributions of GNB is its impetus to coordinating community efforts to
reduce poverty and promote human development. The present MDG progress report which is
the first of the series of such reports in GNB clearly shows that GNB has already met the
important targets like achieving universal primary education, attaining gender parity at
primary and secondary levels education. GNB achieved remarkable process indicating that
GNB is on the track in achieving the MDGs.
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Key Indicator
The proportion of population whose income is less than $1.25 (PPP) per day
Hunger, low agriculture output, expanding population, low private sector development, and a
lack of access to credit account for many of the obstacles facing the world’s poor. The
international poverty line is used identify how many people are below the one dollar a day
threshold. The one dollar a day poverty line is compared to consumption or income per
person and includes consumption form own production and income in kind.
This poverty line has fixed purchasing power called an ‘absolute poverty line’ or measure of
extreme poverty. The World Bank regularly estimates poverty based on the dollar a day
poverty line. Estimates are based on income or consumption levels derived from household
surveys1.
According to the 2013 UN MDGs report, extreme poverty rates have fallen in every
developing region. In Southern Asia, poverty rates fell by an average of one percentage point
annually (from 51 percent in 1990 to 30 percent two decades later).
Bangladesh has made commendable progress in respect of eradication of poverty and hunger.
The sustained growth rate in excess of 6 percent achieved in recent years has played positive
role in eradicating poverty. The proportion of population below $1.25 (PPP) per day is 43.3%
in 2010 based on information from the World Bank.
It is observed that the head count ratio has reduced, on an average, at 2.13 percent per year
during 1992 to 2010 period as against the required rate of 2.17 percent. Thus it can be seen
that poverty has been consistently declining in Bangladesh by almost similar rates when
poverty is measured by national poverty line and $1.25 PPP2.
1
UN 2003
2
Bangladesh 2013
1
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
GNB has improved the community environment by promoting the sustainable management
of community to reduce population of people living on less than two dollars a day. GNB has
provided training and other necessaries to ensure community members’ participation in GNB
project activities and to develop their skills. GNB has started Small Medium Enterprise
(SMEs) and tried to improve the living status for the sponsored children’s family.
The effectiveness of GNB program has created urban and rural development and reduced
community poverty. The 2012 household income survey reveals that the average household
income is at least 5000 TK3 per month. GNB provides livestock and supports the agricultural
and vocational training. It supports the families of the sponsored children. There is a large
discrepancy between income in the rural and urban area, and that agriculture, the main
income source for the rural households, remains strongly subsistence based.
There is no family which is living on less than 5000TK per month in Gulshan, urban area.
Despite this impressive achievement, there are problems in comparing poverty measures
within countries, especially for urban-rural differences. The cost of living is typically higher
in urban areas than in rural areas therefore, the urban monetary poverty line should be higher
than the rural monetary poverty line.
3
$ 65
2
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
In rural areas, the manual labor including agricultural labor, non-agricultural labor and
pulling 4rickshaw or rickshaw-van, was the most important source of income. The demand
for labor is highly seasonal and wage rates drop precipitously in the off-season. Therefore,
many rural people involved in casual labor migrate to nearby cities in search of work for
several months of the year.
The GNB survey found that household mostly own land and livestock and are extremely
dependent on agriculture for household income and can depend on livestock for the little cash
they have access to. However, in the case of urban, most households do not own livestock
and land as expected are generating most of their income from non-agriculture sources.
Key Indicators
Net enrolment in primary education
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5, %
Adult Literacy Rate
Net primary enrolment ratio (NER) is the ratio of the number of children of official school
age who are enrolled in primary school to the total population of children or official school
age.The proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5, known as the survival rate of
grade 5, is the percentage of a cohort of pupils enrolled in grade 1 of the primary level of
education in given school year who are expected to reach grades 55.
This indicator is used to monitor progress towards the goal of achieving universal primary
education, identified in both the Millennium Development Goals and the Education for all
initiative. The indicator measures an education systems success in retaining students from
one grade to the next as well as its internal efficiency.
According to the 2013 UN MDGs report, developing regions have made impressive strides in
expanding access to primary education, with the adjusted net enrolment rate growing from 83
percent in 2000 to 90 percent in 2011. Over the same period, the number of children out of
school worldwide declined by almost half (from 102 million to 57 million). Considerable
4
A small two-wheeled carriage pulled by a man
5
UN 2003
3
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
progress has also has been made in Southern Asia (increased from 78 percent to 93 percent
between 2000 and 2011) one third of students enrolled in the first grade will leave school
before reaching the last grade (UN 2013).
Bangladesh has made good process in increasing equitable access to education, reducing
dropouts, improving completion of the cycle, and implementing a number of quality
enhancement measures in primary education (Net enrolment ratio in 2012 is 90 percent).
Survival to the last grade of primary schooling (grade 5) has, however, not kept pace with the
impressive progress achieved so far in the case of net and gross enrolment rates. The primary
school grade 5 survival rate in 2011 was 79.5 percent which indicates a modest increase from
43 percent recorded in 1991. Since 2000, there has been a declining tendency of the primary
school completion rate of in the growth of primary school grade 5 survival rates6.
Figure 2.1 Primary School Enrolment and Dropout rate in Bangladesh (2012)
21%
enrolment Dropout Rate
90% Enrolment Rate
BANBEIS
GNB has enhanced the quality of education for all. It also conducted literacy education and
vocational training for adults and especially women. GNB organized the parents groups and
children’s committees to raise awareness about education. As non-government level, GNB
has provided the primary education supports to children to ensure conventional primary
education based on the NCTB (National Curriculum and Textbook Board) and run the
supplementary primary education program for children.
6
Bangladesh 2013
4
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
In terms of bringing primary school age children to schools, GNB is well on track of the
MDG target. A total of 10,474 children have been identified through CDP and FDP for
providing primary educational support. It was 385 in 1996 and 11,855 in 2012. Generally,
Rural and urban differences are important in the analysis of enrolment data owing to
significant differences in school facilities, available resources, demand on children’s time for
work and dropout patterns, however there is no difference between rural and urban in primary
enrolment of GNB project areas.
Figure 2.2 Primary School Enrolment and Dropout rate in GNB (2012)
6%
5
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
GNB household survey estimates the adult literacy rate based on persons who can write and
read. For the sponsored children’s parents, the survey finds the literacy rate to be 67.86
percent.
6
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
68%
Key Indicators
Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary
Ratio of literate women to men
Gender Parity Index defined as girls’ school enrolment ration in relation to boys’ enrolment
ratio. Achieving parity in education is an important step toward equal opportunity for men
and women in the social, political and economic domains. Driven by national and
international efforts and the MDG campaign, many of the world’s girls have enrolled in
school at the primary level, especially since 2000.
Ration of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the ratio of the number of
female students enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools to the
number of male students.
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GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
According to the 2013 UN MDGs report, in developing regions overall, the gender parity
index at each level of education is close to or in the range of 0.97 and 1.03, the measure or
parity. Gender disparities become more marked in secondary education (Southern Asia, from
0.59 to 0.92 between 1990 and 2011)7.
Bangladesh has already achieved gender parity in primary and secondary education at the
national level. This positive development has occurred due to some specific public
interventions focusing on girls students, such as stipends exemption of tuition fees for girls in
rural area, and the stipend scheme for girls at the secondary level.
This has contributed to promoting the objectives of ensuring gender equality and
empowerment of women. Bangladesh has already achieved the target for gender parity in
primary school enrolment. Since 1990, the primary school enrolment has increased from
12.00 million in 1990 (with 6.6 million boys and 5.4 million girls) to 18.40 million in 2011,
half of whom are girls.
Gender Parity Index 2011 in primary schools is shown in figure 3.1. The enrolment of female
students in secondary education has increased with girls’ enrolment surpassing boys’ in 2000
(52 percent for girls and 48 percent for boys). Bangladesh has also been maintaining gender
parity at secondary education level since 2000 8.
Secondary
1.02
Level
Primary
1.13
Level
BANBEIS
7
UN 2003
8
Bangladesh 2013
8
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
GNB has women empowerment program and ensure their equal rights through equal
involvement in various activities. Most members in CDP and FDP are female and it inspires
women to come forward and work in equal with male. The vocational training, parents
meeting and female volunteers promote the idea of gender equity and aware of human rights.
There has been steady improvement in the social empowerment scenario of woman and girls
in the rural community of GNB. GNB has been maintaining gender parity at primary and
secondary education from the beginning. For promoting gender equality and empower
women (MDG 3), GNB has already achieved gender parity in primary education (Urban 1.1,
Rural 0.95) and secondary education (Urban 1.7, Rural 1.03).
1.03
Rural
0.95
1.7
Urban
1.1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
9
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
The GNB household survey finds the literacy rate to be 67.86 percent (Male 65 percent and
Female 70.71 percent).
Female 71%
Male
Female
Male 65%
Key Indicator
Under – five Morality Rate
Under –five mortality rate is the number of deaths among children under five years of age per
1,000 live births in a given year. The infant mortality rate is typically defined as the number
of infants dying before reaching the age of one year per 1,000 live births in a given year9.
Under –five mortality rate measures child survival, it also reflects the social, economic and
environmental conditions in which children live, including their health care since data on the
9
UN 2003
10
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
incidence and prevalence of diseases mortality data frequently are unavailable, mortality rate
are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Although the target relates specifically to
under-five mortality, infant mortality is relevant to the monitoring of the target since it
represents an important component of under-five mortality.
Several surveys show that mother’s level of education is inversely related with under-five
mortality rate. The under-five mortality rate is the highest among mothers with the lowest
education as compared with those with secondary or higher education.
According to the 2013 UN MDGs report, worldwide, the mortality rate for children under-
five dropped by 41 percent (from 87 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 51 in 2011).
Despite this enormous accomplishment, more rapid progress is needed to meet the 2015
target of a two thirds reduction in child deaths. Southern Asia has achieved reductions of 39.
Urban 39%
Rural
Urban
Rural 47%
BDHS (2011)
Bangladesh has made considerable progress in child survival rate as the mortality has
declined rapidly over the last 10-12 years. According to the Bangladesh Progress Report 2012
for Millennium Development Goals, the existence of geographical disparities (Urban-rural)
infant mortality indicates the strong influence of under factors that affect mortality among
which mother's level of education and nutritional status are key determinants.
Bangladesh is on the track to achieve the MDG 4 target for under–five mortality (48 per
1,000 live-births) by year 2015. Substantial reduction has been documented in the infant
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GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
mortality rate (IMR) in the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 report (from
87 per 1,000 live births in 1993-94 to 43 in 2011)10.
10
Bangladesh 2013
12
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
The GNB programs for special health camps, control of nutrition and vitamin A
supplementation are considered to be the most significant contributions to the decline in child
death. The survey shows that GNB has already achieved the MDG 4 target (Under – five
morality rate 0 percent / Children 6-18 year olds morality rate 0.06 percent, only one death
out of 15,733 children).
Figure 4.2 Under-Five and Children (6-18year-olds) Mortality Rate in GNB (2012-2013)
0.06%
0%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
13
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Key Indicator
Maternal mortality rate
The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is a very important mortality index of mothers who are
exposed to the risk of death during child birth. It is general expressed as the ratio of maternal
death in a period to live birth during the same period expressed per 100,000 live births 11.
Underlying socio-cultural factors contribute the lack of knowledge about maternal health
complications among women and families, social marginalization, low socio-economic status
of women and lack of control over their personal lives make it difficult for many women to
seek reproductive health care.
Other contributing factors include child marriage and child bearing, poor male involvement
in reproductive health issues and poor community participation in issues relating to maternal
health. Early childbearing heightens risks for both mothers and their newborns. To reduce
number of maternal deaths, women need access to good-quality reproductive health care and
effective interventions.
According to the 2013 UN MDGs report, globally, the maternal mortality ration declined by
47 percent over the past two decades, from 400 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in
1990 to 210 in 2010 (Southern Asia 64 percent).
230
178 Rural
216
SVRS, BBS
11
UN 2003
14
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Women usually receive the general health care from the GNB centers. GNB has planned to
development a fund to provide supports to the mothers for reproductive health care under the
banner of ‘Women Health Insurance (WHI)’. This savings are being spent only for the
reproductive health for women. Currently, 10,696 mothers of sponsored children have
received medical treatment. GNB door to door service may also be encouraged for greater
participation.
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GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
120%
100%
100% 95%
80%
80%
60%
45%
95%
40% 75% 75% 80%
55% 20%
20% 15%
100% 100% 100% 95% 100% 25% 0 0 0 0
0%
Sirajganj Shakhipur Moulvibazar Dohar Ghatail Gulshan Mirpur
Annex - i
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Number of Student
Age
Grade Number of Number of
(About) Area Total
Boys Girls
Gulshan 16 14 30
Mirpur 00 00 00
Ghatail 00 00 00
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 00 00 00
Not Attending 2.5 Sirajganj 00 00 00
Moulvibazar 02 00 02
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 15 10 25
Thakur-Dinaj 00 00 00
Gulshan 00 00 00
Mirpur 38 24 62
Ghatail 25 31 56
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 00 00 00
Pre-Primary 4 Sirajganj 00 00 00
Moulvibazar 01 06 07
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 68 74 142
Kalai 20 14 34
Thakur-Dinaj 75 75 150
Gulshan 24 27 51
Mirpur 15 08 23
Ghatail 00 00 00
Nursery 5
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 00 00 00
Sirajganj 27 25 52
Annex - ii
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Moulvibazar 00 00 00
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 05 05 10
Thakur-Dinaj 21 14 35
Gulshan 47 44 91
Mirpur 60 45 105
Ghatail 76 86 162
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 00 00 00
KG 6 Sirajganj 00 00 00
Moulvibazar 00 00 00
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 00 00 00
Thakur-Dinaj 49 35 84
Gulshan 68 71 139
Mirpur 65 62 127
Ghatail 64 61 125
Dohar 54 53 107
Shakhipur 115 100 215
1 7 Sirajganj 86 83 169
Moulvibazar 31 30 61
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 118 126 244
Kalai 93 88 181
Thakur-Dinaj 177 188 365
Gulshan 72 97 169
Mirpur 61 69 130
Ghatail 60 47 107
Dohar 77 73 150
Shakhipur 65 68 133
2 8
Sirajganj 143 145 288
Moulvibazar 73 71 144
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 150 121 271
Kalai 94 86 180
Annex - iii
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Annex - iv
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Number of Student
Age
Grade Number of Number of
(About) Area Total
Boys Girls
Gulshan 23 46 69
Mirpur 13 24 37
Ghatail 35 31 66
Dohar 72 122 194
Shakhipur 58 52 110
6 12 Sirajganj 182 165 347
Moulvibazar 54 54 108
Meherpur 138 148 286
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 29 43 72
Thakur-Dinaj 218 209 427
Gulshan 24 24 48
Mirpur 12 18 30
Ghatail 28 23 51
Dohar 50 55 105
Shakhipur 17 18 35
7 13 Sirajganj 127 110 237
Moulvibazar 40 27 67
Meherpur 141 124 265
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 04 10 14
Thakur-Dinaj 245 205 450
Gulshan 29 34 63
Mirpur 07 12 19
Ghatail 33 21 54
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 01 02 03
8 14 Sirajganj 18 11 29
Moulvibazar 05 06 11
Meherpur 97 101 198
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 01 02 03
Thakur-Dinaj 46 50 96
9 15 Gulshan 21 30 51
Annex - v
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Mirpur 06 10 16
Ghatail 49 22 71
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 01 00 01
Sirajganj 05 01 06
Moulvibazar 01 00 01
Meherpur 33 27 60
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 00 00 00
Thakur-Dinaj 01 01 02
Gulshan 10 16 26
Mirpur 06 09 15
Ghatail 20 13 33
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 00 00 00
10 16 Sirajganj 03 01 04
Moulvibazar 00 00 00
Meherpur 24 24 48
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 00 00 00
Thakur-Dinaj 00 00 00
Gulshan 13 14 27
Mirpur 05 05 10
Ghatail 20 15 35
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 00 00 00
Higher
18 Sirajganj 01 00 01
Secondary
Moulvibazar 00 00 00
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 00 00 00
Thakur-Dinaj 00 00 00
Gulshan 01 01 02
Mirpur 00 00 00
Graduate 20 Ghatail 00 00 00
Dohar 00 00 00
Shakhipur 00 00 00
Annex - vi
GNB 2012 - 2013 | Millennium Development Goals Progress Report
Sirajganj 00 00 00
Moulvibazar 00 00 00
Meherpur 00 00 00
Nilphamari 00 00 00
Kalai 00 00 00
Thakur-Dinaj 00 00 00
Sub-Total 1967 1936 3903
Primary 6015 5840 11855
Secondary (including Higher
1967 1936 3903
Education)
Total 7982 7776 15758
Annex - vii