Library of Petroleum Products and Other Organic Compounds

LIBRARY OF
PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
AND OTHER ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
Content
Introduction 4 Aviation Fuels & Oils 35

Characterization of Some Petroleum Products 5 Fig.27 Aviation Fuel 35
Fig.28 Turbine ( Jet) Fuel 36
Chromatographic Method GC/FID 8 Fig.29 JP-4 ( Jet Fuel) 37
Fig.1 Chromatogram of Standard Alkanes Mix 12 9 Fig.30 JP-5 Fuel 38
Fig.2 Chromatogram of Calibration Standard BAM-K010 10 Fig.31 JP-7 Gasoline 39
Petroleum 11 Fig.32 JP-8 Gasoline 40
Fig.3 Crude Oil 11 Fig.33 JP-TS Aviation Fuel 41
Fig.34 Hydraulic Fluid 42
Motor Fuels & Lubricating Oils 12
Fig.35 JP-10 Aviation Fuel 43
Fig.4 Natural 91 12
Fig.5 Natural 95 13 Household & Industrial Solvents 44
Fig.6 Natural 98 14 Fig.36 Lacquer Thinner 44
Fig.7 Special 91 15 Fig.37 Mineral Spirits 45
Fig.8 RFA Gasoline 16 Fig.38 Naphta 46
Fig.9 Diesel Fuel #2 17 Fig.39 Turpentine 47
Fig.10 Diesel Fuel #1(Low Sulfur) 18 Fig.40 Stoddard Solvent 48
Fig.11 Diesel Fuel #2 (Extra Low Sulfur) 19 Fig.41 Parrafin Wax 49
Fig.12 Artic Diesel Fuel 20 Fig.42 Sheron Konkor 101 - Lubrication Oil 50
Fig.13 Biodiesel 100 (Consumer Grade) 21 Fig.43 Sonax Lax Reiniger - Car Polish 51
Fig.14 Biodiesel 20 22 Heating Fuel Oils 52
Fig.15 FAME Rapeseed Oil 23 Fig.44 Fuel Oil #1 52
Fig.16 SAE 30W Motor Oil 24 Fig.45 Fuel Oil #2 53
Fig.19 Mogul Trans SAE 80W 27 Fig.48 Kerosene I 56
Fig.20 Mogul Racing 5W-40 28 Fig.49 Kerosene II 57
Fig.21 Mogul 15W-40 29 Fig.50 Fuel Oil #6 58
Fig.22 Mogul SAE 30 M6A 30
Fig.23 Mogul Oil Alfa Profi 31 Other Natural Matter 59
Fig.24 Madit Emol SAE 10W-30 32 Fig.51 Compost 59
Fig.25 Prosint Oleo Mac - Oil for Two-Stroke Engines 33 Fig.52 Acacia Wood Sawdust 60
Fig.26 Oil for Two-Stroke Engines 34 Fig.53 Peat 61
Summary 62
3
Introduction
The GC/FID method is used for analysis of extractable hydrocarbons which are usually products from distillation of
crude oil. Refined fractions obtained during petroleum processing are mentioned in the following table:
Fraction Boiling point (°C) n-Alkanes

Gas hydrocarbons <5 C1 – C4
Light gasoline 30 – 85 C5 – C6
Heavy gasoline 85 - 180 C7 – C10
Paraffin oil 180 – 270 C11 – C15
Gas oil 270 – 370 C16 – C22
Vacuum spirits 370 – 550 C23 – C45
Vacuum waste over 550 > C46
The GC/FID method is capable of analysing hydrocarbons in boiling point range between 85 and 350°C. Low boiling
fractions like Gas hydrocarbons or Light gasoline cannot be determined using by method GC/FID similar to heavy
hydrocarbons like Vacuum Spirits and Vacuum Waste.
4 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Characterization of Some Petroleum Products
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that
are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth‘s surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large
number of consumer products, from petrol and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals.
Gasoline
Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid flammable mixture consists mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with isooctane or aromatics hydrocarbons toluene and benzene to
increase octane ratings. Gasoline is primarily used as a fuel in combustiwe of the additives that are put into it. The bulk of a typical gasoline consists of hydrocarbons with between 4
and 12 carbon atoms per molecule. Depending on use, it can be classified:
∙∙ Automobile gasoline
∙∙ Aviation gasoline
∙∙ Technical (solvent)
Octane Rating
The octane rating is a measure of the resistance of petrol and other fuels to autoignition in spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
The octane number of a fuel is measured in a test engine, and is defined by comparison with the mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (iso-octane) and heptane which would have the
same anti-knocking capacity as the fuel under test: the percentage, by volume, of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in that mixture is the octane number of the fuel. For example, petrol with
the same knocking characteristics as a mixture of 95 % iso-octane and 5 % heptane would have an octane rating of 95. Lead in the form of tetra-ethyl lead was once a common
antiknock additive, but since the 1970s, its use in most of the industrialised world has been restricted, and its use is currently limited mostly to aviation gasoline. It is complicated
to find out the octane rating by GC/FID method because the chromatographic profiles are very similar.
Mineral spirits
Mineral Spirits, also called Stoddard solvent, is a petroleum distillate commonly used as a paint thinner and mild solvent. In Europe, it is referred to as petroleum spirit or white spirit.
Mineral spirits are especially effective in removing oils, greases, carbon, and other material from metal. Mineral spirits may also be used in conjunction with cutting oil as a thread cutting
and reaming lubricant. A typical composition for mineral spirits is the following: aliphatic solvent hexane having a maximum aromatic hydrocarbon content of 0,1 % by volume, a kauri-
butanol value of 29, an initial boiling point of 65 °C, a dry point of approximately 69 °C, and a specific mass of 0,7 g/cm3.
Turpentine
Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine, gum turpentine) is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from trees, mainly pine trees. It is
composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes alpha-pinene and beta-pinene (C10H16). Turpentine is representative of non petroleum product. The two primary uses of turpentine in
industry are as a solvent and as a source of materials for organic synthesis. As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based paints, for producing varnishes, and as a raw material
for the chemical industry. Its industrial use as a solvent in industrialized nations has largely been replaced by the much cheaper turpentine substitutes distilled from crude oil also known
as mineral turpentine (b.p. 150-180 °C).
5
Kerosene
Kerosene or paraffin oil is a colorless, oily, highly flammable liquid with a strong odour, distilled from petroleum (10–25 % of total volume). It is a mixture of about 10 different types of
fairly simple hydrocarbons, depending on its source. Fraction distillation resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain between 6 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule. It
is less volatile than gasoline, boiling at 150–275 °C. It is burned in lamps, heaters, and furnaces and is used as a fuel or fuel component for diesel and tractor engines, jet engines, and
rockets and as a solvent for greases and insecticides. Kerosene is sometimes used as an additive in diesel fuel to prevent gelling or waxing in cold temperatures.
Jet fuel
Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial
aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification. Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. The range of their sizes
(molecular weights or carbon numbers) is restricted by the requirements for the product, for example, freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1)
has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 carbon numbers; wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B), between about 5 and 15 carbon numbers.
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. Broadly speaking, fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler
for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash point of approximately 40 °C and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners. In this
sense, diesel is a type of fuel oil. Fuel oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer
only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, heavier than gasoline and naphtha.
Fuel oil is classified into six classes, numbered 1 through 6, according to its boiling point, composition and purpose. The boiling point, ranging from 175-600 °C, and carbon chain length, 9
to 70 atoms, of the fuel increases with fuel oil number. Viscosity also increases with number, and the heaviest oil has to be heated in order to get into liquid state. Price usually decreases
as the fuel number increases.
Diesel fuel
Diesel oil is a type of Fuel oil. It is produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil between 200 °C and 350 °C at atmospheric pressure, resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that
typically contain between 8 and 21 carbon atoms per molecule with specific gravity range of 0.76–0.94. Diesel fuel quality is defined by the cetane number, which usually falls into the
range 30–60. A high cetane number indicates the potential for easy starting and smooth operation of the engine. The cetane number is the analog of the automobile engine octane
number, with cetane (n-hexadecane, C16H34) having the arbitrarily assigned number of 100. At the other end of the scale, heptamethylnonane, an isomer of cetane, has the assigned
cetane number of 0.
Biodiesel
Fuel made from natural, renewable sources, such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats, for use in a diesel engine. Biodiesel has physical properties very similar to petroleum-
derived diesel fuel, but its emission properties are superior. Using biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine substantially reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
sulfates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. Diesel blends containing up to 20 % biodiesel can be used in nearly all
diesel-powered equipment, and higher-level blends and pure biodiesel can be used in many engines with little or no modification. Lower-level blends are compatible with most storage
and distribution equipment, but special handling is required for higher-level blends.
Biodiesel is made from oils or fats, which are hydrocarbons. Fresh soybean oil is most commonly used, although biodiesel can be made from mustard seed oil or waste vegetable oil (such

as used oil from restaurant deep fryers). These hydrocarbons are filtered and mixed with an alcohol, such as methanol, and a catalyst (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide),
resulting in a chemical reaction whose major products are the biodiesel fuel and glycerol. Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil or animal fat based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain
alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters. Products of catalyzed reaction between fats or fatty acids and methanol are fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
Motor oil
Motor oils are derived from petroleum-based and non-petroleum-synthesized chemical compounds. Most motor oils are made from a heavier, thicker petroleum hydrocarbon
base stock derived from crude oil, with additives to improve certain properties. The bulk of typical motor oil consists of hydrocarbons with between 18 and 34 carbon atoms
per molecule. Motor oil is oil used for lubrication of various internal combustion engines. The main function is to lubricate moving parts. Motor oil also cleans, inhibits corrosion,
improves sealing, and cools the engine by carrying heat away from moving parts. Motor oils are today mainly blended by using base oils composed of hydrocarbons (mineral,
polyalphaolefins, polyinternal olefins), thus organic compounds consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen. The base oils of some high-performance motor oils contain up to 20
% of esters.
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established a numerical code system for grading motor oils according to their viscosity characteristics. SAE viscosity grade includes
the following, from low to high viscosity: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 or 60. The numbers 0, 5, 10, 15 and 25 are suffixed with the letter W, designating their “winter” (not
“weight”) or cold-start viscosity, at lower temperature. The number 20 comes with or without a W, depending on whether it is being used to denote a cold or hot viscosity grade.
Hydraulic oil (Fluids)

Hydraulic fluids (liquids) are a large group based on mineral oils or water. It is used in machinery equipment ranging from brakes, hydraulic cylinders, power steering, and
transmissions. Natural oils such as rapeseed (also called canola oil) are used as base stocks for fluids where biodegradability and renewable sources are considered important.
Other base stocks are used for specialty applications, such as for fire resistance and extreme temperature applications. Some examples include: glycol, esters, organophosphate
ester, polyalphaolefin, propylene glycol, and silicone oils. Hydraulic fluids can contain a wide range of chemical compounds including: oils, butanol, esters (e.g. phthalates and
adipates), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), phosphate esters, silicones, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins (PAO), corrosion inhibitors, etc.
7
Chromatographic Method GC/FID
This method was developed by ALS for quantitative analysis of non-volatile hydrocarbons in range of C10-C40 extracted with non polar solvent – hexane. The extract is analyzed by gas
chromatograph (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID).
Conditions of Chromatographic Separation
Injection method COC (cool on column)

Inlet temperature 73 °C
Oven temperature Programmed, final temp. 360 °C
Column type Varian Select Mineral Oil (15m x 0.32 x 0.1μm)
Column mode Constant flow
Detector temperature 350 °C
Detector gases Hydrogen, air, nitrogen
Carrier gas Hydrogen

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ C10-C40 e v e n n-a lk a ne s - FID A
0.8
0.6
voltage
C10
0.4
C14 C16 C18 C20 C22 C24 C26 C28

C30 C32
C12 C34 C36
0.2 C38 C40
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.1 Chromatogram of Standard Alkanes Mix 12 (Mixture of even Hydrocarbons from C10 to C40)
9
[V]
I:\ Organics\ M -0045\ 2010\ RU\ Calib\ A ccuSt andard\ ok 05 100617 - FID A
0.8
0.6
voltage
0.4
Diesel fuel Mineral Oil
0.2
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.2 Chromatogram of Calibration Standard BAM-K010 (Diesel Fuel - Mineral Oil 1:1)

Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that
are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth‘s surface. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes, cycloalkanes and various aromatic hydrocarbons while the other organic
compounds contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and trace amounts of metals such as iron, nickel, copper and vanadium. The exact molecular composition varies widely from formation
to formation.
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ R opa \ ropa 11 r500x __10.9.2010 21_18_15_v ia l67 - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
Fraction Ratio (%) Fraction Ratio (%)
0.8
C10-C12 10 C10-C16 34
C12-C16 24 C16-C22 27
C16-C35 60 C22-C30 23
C35-C40 6 C30-C40 16
0.6
voltage
0.4
0.2
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.3 Crude Oil
11
Motor Fuels & Lubricating Oils
[V]
Na t ura l 91_19.10.2010 14_20_14_v ia l24 - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
8
8 C10-C12 99.5 C10-C16 100
C12-C16 0.5 C16-C22 -
6
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
6 C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
4
voltage
C10
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

2
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.4 Natural 91

[V]
Na t ura l 95 1021_21.10.2010 18_34_02_v
Na t ura l 95 1021_21.10.2010 ia l9ia-l9 FID
18_34_02_v - FID AA
Method 1 Method 2
8
8 C10-C12 86 C10-C16 100
6
C12-C16 14 C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
6 4
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
voltage
4
0
C10
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.5 Natural 95
13
[V]
Method 1 Method 2
8 Fraction Ratio (%) Fraction Ratio (%)
8 C10-C12 92 C10-C16 98.7
6
C12-C16 6.7 C16-C22 1.3
C16-C35 1.3 C22-C30 -
6
4
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
voltage
C10
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.6 Natural 98

[V]
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ MSpe cia
-0045\ l 91_19.10.2010
2010\ 14_43_26_v
R U\ Da t a \ Spe cia l 91_19.10.2010 ia l25
14_43_26_v - FID
ia l25 A
- FID A
Method 1 Method 2
8
C10-C12 89.1 C10-C16 98.7
6
C12-C16 9.6 C16-C22 1.3
C16-C35 1.3 C22-C30 -
voltage
6
4
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
voltage
2
4
0
C10
2
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Time [min.]
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.7 Special 91
15
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ RU\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 04_RFA Ga soline - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
5
5
C10-C12 84 C10-C16 100
4
C12-C16 16 C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
4 3
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
2
3
voltage
2 C10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.8 RFA Gasoline

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 05_#2 Die se l Fue l - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 14 C10-C16 55
0.8
C12-C16 41 C16-C22 39
C16-C35 45 C22-C30 6
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
0.6
voltage
0.4
0.2
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.9 Diesel Fuel #2
17
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 06_#1 Die se l Fue l (Low Sulfur) - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
2.5
C10-C12 36 C10-C16 85
C12-C16 49 C16-C22 14
C16-C35 15 C22-C30 1
2.0
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.5
voltage
1.0
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.10 Diesel Fuel #1(Low Sulfur)

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 07_#2 Die se l Fue l (Ex t ra Low Sulfur) - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
2.5 C10-C12 9 C10-C16 77
C12-C16 68 C16-C22 20
C16-C35 23 C22-C30 3
2.0
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.5
voltage
1.0
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
[min.]
Time
Fig.11 Diesel Fuel #2 (Extra Low Sulfur)
19
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 11_A rct ic Die se l Fue l - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 36 C10-C16 87
3 C12-C16 51 C16-C22 13
C16-C35 13 C22-C30 -
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
2
voltage
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig. 12 Artic Diesel Fuel

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 12_Biodie se l 100 (consum e r gra de ) - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 5 C10-C16 24
C12-C16 19 C16-C22 64
3
C16-C35 75 C22-C30 10
C35-C40 1 C30-C40 2
2
voltage
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig. 13 Biodiesel 100 (Consumer Grade)
21
[V]
I:\ OrgaMethod 1 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\
nics\ M -0045\ Method 2 se l 20 - FID B
13_Biodie

C10-C12 11 C10-C16 46
0.8
C12-C16 35 C16-C22 43
C16-C35 54 C22-C30 10
C35-C40 - C30-C40 1
0.6
voltage
0.4
0.2
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.14 Biodiesel 20

[V]
FA M E 100x _7.10.2010 0_34_23_v ia l70 - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
4
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
C12-C16 - C16-C22 -
C16-C35 100 C22-C30 83
3
C35-C40 - C30-C40 17
voltage
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.15 FAME Rapeseed Oil
23
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 08_SA E 30W M ot or Oil - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
0.8
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
C12-C16 - C16-C22 1
C16-C35 80 C22-C30 27
C35-C40 20 C30-C40 72
0.6
voltage
0.4
0.2
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.16 SAE 30W Motor Oil

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 09_SA E 40W M ot or Oil - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 1
0.8
C12-C16 1 C16-C22 4
C16-C35 50 C22-C30 20
C35-C40 49 C30-C40 75
0.6
voltage
0.4
0.2
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
25
[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ RU\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 10_SA E 50W M ot or Oil - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
400
C12-C16 - C16-C22 4
C16-C35 76 C22-C30 39
C35-C40 24 C30-C40 57
300
voltage
200
100
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]

[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Ole je \ ole j M ogul Tra ns SA E 80W - pře v odov ý ole j_11.9.2010 - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
600 C12-C16 - C16-C22 1
C16-C35 75 C22-C30 35
C35-C40 25 C30-C40 64
400
voltage
200
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.19 Mogul Trans SAE 80W
27
[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Ole je \Method
ole j M ogul1R a cing 5W-40 ce loroční plně syMethod
nt e t ick ý _11.9.2010
2 - FID B

C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
600 C12-C16 - C16-C22 2
C16-C35 96 C22-C30 76
C35-C40 4 C30-C40 22
400
voltage
200
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.20 Mogul Racing 5W-40

[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Ole je \ ole j M ogul Fe licia 15w-40__11.9.2010 - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
600 C12-C16 - C16-C22 2
C16-C35 81 C22-C30 43
C35-C40 19 C30-C40 55
400
voltage
200
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.21 Mogul 15W-40
29
[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Ole je \ ole j M ogul SA E30 M 6A - je dnost upňov ý ropný ole j_11.9.2010 - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
600 C12-C16 - C16-C22 1
C16-C35 63 C22-C30 14
C35-C40 37 C30-C40 85
400
voltage
200
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.22 Mogul SAE 30 M6A

[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ OleMethod 1 A lfa profi - ole j pro zt rá t ov éMethod
je \ ole j M ogul 2
m a zá ní_10.9.2010 - FID B

C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
400
C12-C16 - C16-C22 -
C16-C35 56 C22-C30 13
C35-C40 44 C30-C40 87
300
voltage
200
100
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.23 Mogul Oil Alfa Profi
31
[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca1lib\ Ole je \ ole j M a dit Em ol SA E Method
Method 10W-30_11.9.2010
2 - FID B

C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
600 C12-C16 - C16-C22 9
C16-C35 96 C22-C30 74
C35-C40 4 C30-C40 17
400
voltage
200
CC1010 C40 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.24 Madit Emol SAE 10W-30

[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Ole je \ ole j Ole o M a c Prosint - pro dv oubobé m ot ory _10.9.2010 - FID B
Method 1 Method 2
400
C10-C12 7 C10-C16 34
C12-C16 27 C16-C22 3
C16-C35 51 C22-C30 27
C35-C40 15 C30-C40 36
300
voltage
200
100
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.25 Prosint Oleo Mac - Oil for Two-Stroke Engines
33
Two-stroke oil (also referred to as two-cycle oil, 2-cycle oil, 2T oil or 2-stroke oil) is an engine oil intended for use in two-stroke engines. Since these lightweight engines do not have
a closed crankcase like 4 cycle engines, as they use the crankcase as part of the induction tract, oil must be mixed with the petrol fuel, for distribution throughout the engine for the
purpose of lubrication. The two-stroke oil is ultimately burned along with the fuel resulting in exhaust emissions with blue smoke and/or a distinctive odor. The oil base stock is either
petroleum, vegetable, semi-synthetic or synthetic oil and is mixed with petrol/gasoline at a fuel:oil ratio ranging from 16:1 to as low as 100:1.
[mV]
Method
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Ole je \1
ole j Husqv a rna - pro dv oubobéMethod 2
m ot ory _10.9.2010 - FID B

500 C10-C12 18 C10-C16 22
C12-C16 4 C16-C22 5
C16-C35 65 C22-C30 43
400
C35-C40 13 C30-C40 30
300
voltage
200
100
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.26 Oil for Two-Stroke Engines

standard: Aviation Fuel
standard: Aviation Fuel
Aviation Fuels & Oils

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 14_A v ia t ion Fue l - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
1.5
C10-C12 100 C10-C16 100
1.5 C12-C16 - C16-C22 -
1.0 C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
0.5
1.0
voltage
C10
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.27 Aviation Fuel
35
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 15_Turbine (J e t ) fue l - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
2.5
C10-C12 38 C10-C16 96
C12-C16 58 C16-C22 4
C16-C35 4 C22-C30 -
2.0
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.5
voltage
1.0
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.28 Turbine ( Jet) Fuel

JP-4 or JP4 (for „Jet Propellant“) was a jet fuel, specified in 1951 by the U.S. government (MIL-DTL-5624). It was a 50-50 kerosene-gasoline blend. It has lower flash point than JP-1, but
was preferred because of its greater availability. It was the primary U.S. Air Force jet fuel between 1951 and 1995. Its NATO code is F-40. It is also known as avtag. JP-4 is a mixture of
aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is a flammable transparent liquid with clear or straw color, and a kerosene-like smell. It evaporates easily and floats on water. Although it has a
low flash point −18 °C, if a lit match is dropped into JP-4, ignition does not occur. JP-4 freezes at −60 °C, and its maximum burning temperature is 3,688 °C. Commercial aviation uses a
similar mixture under the name Jet-B. JP-4 in addition contains corrosion inhibitors and icing inhibitors.
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 16_J P-4 (J e t Fue l) - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
3
C10-C12 78 C10-C16 100
3
C12-C16 22 C16-C22 -
2
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
2 1
voltage
0
C10
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.29 JP-4 ( Jet Fuel)
37
JP-5 or JP5 (for „Jet Propellant“) is a jet fuel that weighs 0,81kg per 1L and has a high flash point (min. 60 °C). It was developed in 1952 for use in aircraft stationed aboard aircraft carriers,
where the risk from fire is particularly great. JP-5 remains the primary jet fuel for most navies. Its NATO code is F-44. It is also called AVCAT fuel for Aviation carrier turbine fuel. The JP-4
and JP-5 fuels, covered by the MIL-DTL-5624 U Specification, are intended for use in aircraft turbine engines. These fuels require military-unique additives that are necessary in military
weapon systems. This requirement is unique to military aircraft, engine designs, and missions. JP-5 is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatic
hydrocarbons.
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 18_J P-5 Fue l - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
2.5 C10-C12 46 C10-C16 100
C12-C16 54 C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
2.0
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.5
voltage
1.0
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.30 JP-5 Fuel

JP-7 is a jet fuel developed by the U.S. Air Force for use in supersonic aircraft because of its high flashpoint and thermal stability. JP-7 is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbons,
including alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkylbenzenes, indanes/tetralins, and naphthalenes, with addition of fluorocarbons to increase its lubricant properties, an oxidizing agent to make it
burn better, and a cesium containing compound known as A-50, which aided in disguising the radar signature of the exhaust plume. JP-7 is unusual in that it is not a distillate fuel but
is created from special blending stocks in order to have very low (<3%) concentration of highly volatile components like benzene or toluene, and almost no sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen
impurities. It has low vapor pressure and high thermal oxidation stability.
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 19_J P-7 Ga soline - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 55 C10-C16 99
3
C12-C16 44 C16-C22 1
C16-C35 1 C22-C30 -
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
2
voltage
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.31 JP-7 Gasoline
39
JP-8 is a jet fuel, specified in 1990 by the U.S. government. It is kerosene-based. It is a replacement for the JP-4 fuel; the U.S. Air Force replaced JP-4 with JP-8 completely by the fall of
1996, to use a less flammable, less hazardous fuel for better safety and combat survivability. The U.S. Navy uses a similar formula, JP-5. It was first introduced at NATO bases in 1978. Its
NATO code is F-34. JP-8 has a flash point of 38 °C, compared to -18 °C for JP-4. JP-5 has an even higher flash point of > 60 °C (140 °F), but also a higher cost. Outside of powering aircraft,
JP-8 (or JP-5) is used as a fuel for heaters, stoves, tanks, by the U.S. military as a replacement for diesel fuel in the engines of nearly all tactical ground vehicles and electrical generators,
and as a coolant in engines and some other aircraft components. The use of a single fuel greatly simplifies logistics.
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 20_J P-8 Ga soline - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
2.5
C10-C12 42 C10-C16 96
C12-C16 54 C16-C22 4
C16-C35 4 C22-C30 -
2.0
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.5
voltage
1.0
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.32 JP-8 Gasoline

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 21_J P-TS A v ia t ion Fue l - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
4 C10-C12 98 C10-C16 100
3
C12-C16 2 C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
2
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
3
1
voltage
2
0
C10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.33 JP-TS Aviation Fuel
41
[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 22_Hy dra ulic Fluid - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 5
600 C12-C16 5 C16-C22 44
C16-C35 92 C22-C30 42
C35-C40 3 C30-C40 9
400
voltage
200
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.34 Hydraulic Fluid

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 23_J P-10 A v ia t ion Fue l - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
6
C10-C12 100 C10-C16 100
C12-C16 - C16-C22 -
5
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
4
voltage
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.35 JP-10 Aviation Fuel
43
Household & Industrial Solvents
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 24_La cque r Thinne r - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
8 C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
6 C12-C16 - C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
4 C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
6
2
voltage
4
0
C10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.36 Lacquer Thinner

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 25_M ine ra l Spirit s - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
4
4 C10-C12 95 C10-C16 100
C12-C16 5 C16-C22 -
3
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
3 2
voltage
0
C10
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.37 Mineral Spirits
45
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 26_Na pht a - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
3
C10-C12 100 C10-C16 100
3 C12-C16 - C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
2
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
2 1
voltage
0
C10
1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.38 Naphta

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 27_Turpe nt ine - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
8 C10-C12 83 C10-C16 100
6
C12-C16 17 C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
6
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
4
voltage
0
C10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.39 Turpentine
47
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 28_St odda rd Solv e nt - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
6
C10-C12 98 C10-C16 100
6 C12-C16 2 C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
4
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
4 2
voltage
0
C10
2 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.40 Stoddard Solvent

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Kom e rční produk t y \ SKIVO sje zdov ý pa ra fin ze le ný - DR UCHEM A - INT7 - 1
Method 1 Method 2
0.8 C10-C12 - C10-C16 21
C12-C16 21 C16-C22 25
C16-C35 77 C22-C30 46
0.6
C35-C40 2 C30-C40 8
Voltage
0.4
0.2
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.41 Parrafin Wax
49
[mV]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Kom e rční produk t y \ She ron k onk or 101 - PA R A M O - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 22
600 C12-C16 22 C16-C22 25
C16-C35 77 C22-C30 46
C35-C40 2 C30-C40 8
400
voltage
200
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.42 Sheron Konkor 101 - Lubrication Oil

[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ Kom e rční produk t y \ SONA X® la ck re inige r - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
5
C10-C12 93 C10-C16 95
C12-C16 2 C16-C22 -
4
C16-C35 3 C22-C30 2
C35-C40 2 C30-C40 3
3
voltage
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.43 Sonax Lax Reiniger - Car Polish
51
Heating Fuel Oils
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 29_#1 Fue l oil - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 39 C10-C16 97
1.5
C12-C16 58 C16-C22 3
C16-C35 3 C22-C30 -
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.0
voltage
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.44 Fuel Oil #1

Heating Fuel Oils
[V]
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 5 C10-C16 51
1.5
C12-C16 46 C16-C22 48
C16-C35 49 C22-C30 1
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.0
voltage
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.45 Fuel Oil #2
53
Heating Fuel Oils
[V]
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 8 C10-C16 57
1.5 C12-C16 49 C16-C22 41
C16-C35 43 C22-C30 2
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.0
voltage
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.46 Fuel Oil #3

Heating Fuel Oils
[V]
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 4 C10-C16 42
1.5 C12-C16 38 C16-C22 42
C16-C35 55 C22-C30 10
C35-C40 3 C30-C40 6
1.0
voltage
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.47 Fuel Oil #4
55
Heating Fuel Oils
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2010\ R U\ Ca lib\ A ccuSt a nda rd\ 33_Ke rose ne - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
2.5 C10-C12 39 C10-C16 95
C12-C16 56 C16-C22 5
C16-C35 5 C22-C30 -
2.0
C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
1.5
voltage
1.0
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.48 Kerosene I

Heating Fuel Oils
[V]
Ke rose ne II - pe t role j_3.1.2011 15_57_45_v ia l3 - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 92 C10-C16 100
5 C12-C16 8 C16-C22 -
C16-C35 - C22-C30 -
4 C35-C40 - C30-C40 -
voltage
0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.49 Kerosene II
57
Heating Fuel Oils
[mV]
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 1 C10-C16 17
400
C12-C16 16 C16-C22 24
C16-C35 72 C22-C30 33
C35-C40 11 C30-C40 26
300
voltage
200
100
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.50 Fuel Oil #6

Other Natural Matter
Compost is plant matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming. At its most essential, the process
of composting requires simply piling up waste outdoors and waiting a year or more. Modern, methodical composting is a multi-step, closely monitored process with measured inputs
of water, air and carbon- and nitrogen-rich materials. The decomposition process is aided by shredding the plant matter, adding water and ensuring proper aeration by regularly turning
the mixture. Worms and fungi further break up the material. Aerobic bacteria manage the chemical process by converting the inputs into heat, carbon dioxide and ammonium. The
ammonium is further refined by bacteria into plant-nourishing nitrites and nitrates.
[mV]
K1X 10x _v ia l20 - INT7 - 1
Method 1 Method 2
400 C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
C12-C16 - C16-C22 3
C16-C35 83 C22-C30 79
300 C35-C40 17 C30-C40 18
Voltage
200
100
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig. 51 Compost
59
Wood consists mainly from cellulose (40-50 %), lignin (20-30 %) and hemi cellulose (20-30 %). Minor compounds in wood are other organic compounds (1-3 %, tropical woods up to
15 %): terpenes, fats, waxes, pectins, tannins (leaf trees only), sterols, resin, and inorganic compounds (0,1-0,5 %, tropical trees up to 5 %) – which being ash when wood burns. Water
is also contained in wood. Water content depends on season or degree of dryness. Terpenes, fats, waxes and resins may produce positive response on FID detector after extraction with
non polar solvent.
[mV]
PA 1X_v ia l18 - INT7 - 1
Method 1 Method 2
500
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
C12-C16 - C16-C22 -
400 C16-C35 69 C22-C30 69
C35-C40 31 C30-C40 31
300
Voltage
200
100
0
C10 C40
0 2 4 6 8
Time [min.]
Fig.52 Acacia Wood Sawdust

Peat, or turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter or histosol. Peat forms in wetland bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests. Peat is
harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world. Peat forms when plant material, usually in marshy areas, is inhibited from decaying fully by acidic and anaerobic
conditions. It is composed mainly of marshland vegetation: trees, grasses, fungi, as well as other types of organic remains, such as insects, and animal remains. Under certain conditions,
the decomposition of the latter (in the absence of oxygen) is inhibited, and archaeologists often take advantage of this. Sometimes natural organic matter (NOM) complicates crude oil
quantification by partitioning into extraction solvents. The compounds in NOM which partition into non-polar solvents are called “soil bitumens”, or natural fats, waxes and resins.
[V]
I:\ Orga nics\ M -0045\ 2011\ RU\ Ca lib\ Pe a t - ra še lina - FID A
Method 1 Method 2
C10-C12 - C10-C16 -
C12-C16 - C16-C22 4
1.0
C16-C35 94 C22-C30 90
C35-C40 6 C30-C40 6
voltage
0.5
0.0
C10 C40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time [min.]
Fig.53 Peat
61
Summary
Name CAS # Producer Name CAS # Producer
Aviation Fuel N/A AccuStandard
Petroleum
Turbine ( Jet) Fuel N/A AccuStandard

Crude oil N/A N/A
JP-4 ( Jet Fuel) 50815-00-4 AccuStandard
Aviation Fuels
JP-5 Fuel N/A AccuStandard
Oils
Natural 91 N/A PAP Oil JP-7 Gasoline 8006-61-9 AccuStandard
&
Natural 95 N/A Benzina JP-8 Gasoline 8006-61-9 AccuStandard
Natural 98 N/A PAP Oil JP-TS Aviation Fuel 64742-47-8 AccuStandard
Special 91 N/A PAP Oil Hydraulic Fluid 64742-54-7 AccuStandard
RFA Gasoline 8006-61-9 AccuStandard
JP-10 Aviation Fuel N/A AccuStandard
Diesel Fuel #2 68334-30-5 AccuStandard
Lacquer Thinner N/A AccuStandard
Diesel Fuel (Low Sulfur) #1 68334-30-5 AccuStandard
Mineral Spirits 8030-30-6 AccuStandard
Industrial Solvents
Diesel Fuel (Extra Low Sulfur) #2 68476-34-6 AccuStandard
Naphta 64742-89-8 AccuStandard
Household
Arctic Diesel Fuel 68334-30-5 AccuStandard
Turpentine 8006-64-2 AccuStandard
&
Biodiesel 100 (consumer grade) 67784-80-9 AccuStandard Stoddard Solvent 8052-41-3 AccuStandard
Lubricating Oils
Motor Fuels
Parrafin Wax N/A Druchema

Biodiesel 20 N/A AccuStandard
Sheron Konkor 101 N/A Paramo
&
FAME Rapeseed Oil N/A Sigma-Aldrich

SAE 30W Motor Oil N/A AccuStandard Sonax Lax Reiniger N/A Sonax
SAE 40W Motor Oil N/A AccuStandard Fuel Oil #1 70892-10-3 AccuStandard
SAE 50W Motor Oil N/A AccuStandard Fuel Oil #2 68476-30-2 AccuStandard
Heating Fuel
Mogul Trans SAE 80W N/A Paramo Fuel Oil #3 N/A AccuStandard
Oils
Mogul Racing 5W-40 N/A Paramo Fuel Oil #4 68476-31-3 AccuStandard
Mogul Felicia 15w-40 N/A Paramo Kerosene I 8008-20-6 AccuStandard
Mogul SAE 30 M6A N/A Paramo Kerosene II N/A Customer STD
Mogul Alfa Profi N/A Paramo Fuel Oil #6 68553-00-4 AccuStandard
Madit Emol SAE 10W-30 N/A Slovnaft
Compost N/A N/A
Natural
Matter
Prosint Oleo Mac - Oil for Two-
Other
N/A Oleo Mac Acacia Wood Sawdust N/A N/A
Stroke Engines
Oil for Two-Stroke Engines N/A Husqvarna Peat N/A N/A

MAINLAND
Poland Portugal Slovakia
ul. Marokańska 4H Rua das Ferrarias del Rei, nº 21F Mokráň Záhon 4
03-977 Warsaw 2730-269 Barcarena 821 04 Bratislava
T: +48 22 855 10 31 T: +351 214 222 017 T: +421 903 218 422
E: info.pl@alsglobal.com E: info.pt@alsglobal.com E: info.sk@alsglobal.com
Spain Turkey
Calle José de Echagaray n.16 Mehmet Akif Mah. Elalmis Cad.
Planta 3 Tarik
Alcobendas 28100 (Madrid) Bugra Sok. No: 15, 34774
T: +34 91 119 37 37 Istanbul
E: info.es@alsglobal.com T: +90 541 281 71 10
E: info.tr@alsglobal.com
SCANDINAVIA
Sweden, Stockholm - Täby Finland Denmark
Maskinvägen 2, Box 511 Ruosilankuja 3 E FIN-00390 Bakkegårdsvej 406 A
SE - 183 25 Stockholm (Täby) Helsinki 3050 Humlebæk
T: +46 852 775 200 T: +358 10 470 1200 T: +45 49 25 07 70
E: info.ta@alsglobal.com E: info.hel@alsglobal.com E: info.hmb@alsglobal.com
Sweden, Luleå Norway

Aurorum 10 Postboks 643 Skøyen
Head office: SE - 977 75 Luleå Drammensvein 173, 0277 Oslo
T: +46 920 289 900 T: +47 22 13 18 00
ALS EUROPE E: info.lu@alsglobal.com E: info.on@alsglobal.com
Na Harfě 336/9 UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND

Coventry Chester Dublin
190 00 Prague Torrington Avenue Coventry Pulford House, Bellmeadow Unit D12
V4 9GU Business North City Enterprise Park,
Czech Republic T: +44 (0)24 7642 1213 Park, Park Lane, Pulford, Chester, North Road
E: info.ukenviro@alsglobal.com CH4 9EP Dublin 11
T: +44 (0)1244 571 738 T: +353 (0)1 864 3854
email: customer.support@alsglobal.com E: info.ukenviro@alsglobal.com E: info.ukenviro@alsglobal.com
tel: +420 226 226 228 Wakefield

Unit 11 Silkwood Park, Janes Hill
Off Albert Drive, Wakefield
WF5 9TP
www.alsglobal.eu T: +44 (0)1924 818 100
E: info.ukenviro@alsglobal.com

Library of Petroleum Products and Other Organic Compounds

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Library of Petroleum Products and Other Organic Compounds

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

LIBRARY OF

Introduction 4 Aviation Fuels & Oils 35

Fraction Boiling point (°C) n-Alkanes

4 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

6 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Hydraulic oil (Fluids)

Conditions of Chromatographic Separation

Injection method COC (cool on column)

8 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

C14 C16 C18 C20 C22 C24 C26 C28

10 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.3 Crude Oil

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

12 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

14 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.8 RFA Gasoline

16 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.9 Diesel Fuel #2

Fig.10 Diesel Fuel #1(Low Sulfur)

18 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.11 Diesel Fuel #2 (Extra Low Sulfur)

Fig. 12 Artic Diesel Fuel

20 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig. 13 Biodiesel 100 (Consumer Grade)

Fraction Ratio (%) Fraction Ratio (%)

22 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.15 FAME Rapeseed Oil

Fig.16 SAE 30W Motor Oil

24 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.17 SAE 40W Motor Oil

Fig.18 SAE 50W Motor Oil

26 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.19 Mogul Trans SAE 80W

Fraction Ratio (%) Fraction Ratio (%)

Fig.20 Mogul Racing 5W-40

28 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.21 Mogul 15W-40

Fig.22 Mogul SAE 30 M6A

30 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fraction Ratio (%) Fraction Ratio (%)

Fig.23 Mogul Oil Alfa Profi

Fraction Ratio (%) Fraction Ratio (%)

CC1010 C40 C40

Fig.24 Madit Emol SAE 10W-30

32 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.25 Prosint Oleo Mac - Oil for Two-Stroke Engines

Fraction Ratio (%) Fraction Ratio (%)

Fig.26 Oil for Two-Stroke Engines

34 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

standard: Aviation Fuel

Aviation Fuels & Oils

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Fig.27 Aviation Fuel

Fig.28 Turbine ( Jet) Fuel

36 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.29 JP-4 ( Jet Fuel)

Fig.30 JP-5 Fuel

38 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.31 JP-7 Gasoline

Fig.32 JP-8 Gasoline

40 Library of petroleum products and other organic compounds

Fig.33 JP-TS Aviation Fuel

Fig.34 Hydraulic Fluid