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Syllabus
(1) Moments
(3) Stability
Topic 5 Turning Effect of Forces
Learning Outcomes:
Moment of a force = F x d
Answer
Answer
Learning Outcome
Fig 5.6 A simple diagram showing the forces acting on an equal-arm beam
balance.
5.2 Principle of Moments
Figure 5.9
5.2 Principle of Moments
Worked Example 5.3
5.2 Principle of Moments
Levers
Levers are simple machines that make use of the
principle of moments. When apply a force at one
end of the lever, a load may be lifted at the other
end.
Fig 5.14
Simple
levers.
5.2 Principle of Moments
Key Ideas
5.2: Principle of Moments
Test Yourself 5.2
Answer
The heavier person has to sit nearer to the pivot, while the
lighter person has to sit further away from the pivot. In this
way, the moments of the two persons can be equal and the
see-saw can be balanced.
5.2 Principle of Moments
Test Yourself 5.2
David and his father sat at the ends of a see-saw, 2 m from
the pivot as shown in figure 5.15. Where should David’s
mother sit in order to balance the see-saw?
Fig 5.15
Balancing the
see-saw.
Answer:
Let the d = dist between mother and the pivot.
For equilibrium,
Anticlockwise moments = clockwise moment
400 x 2 + 600 x d = 700 x 2
d = 1m
5.3 Centre of Gravity
Learning Outcome
Fig 5.19 A piece of thin lamina that is suspended at various positions will
come to rest with its weight acting directly downward as indicated by a
plumb line. Where do you think the centre of gravity is?
Unit 5.3: Centre of Gravity
How to find the centre of gravity of an object?
Fig 5.20. Locating the centre of gravity of a lamina by the plumb line
method. Note that two lines are sufficient. The third line serves as a
check.
5.3 Centre of Gravity
Experiment 5.2
Fig 5.22
Fig 5.23
5.4 Stability
Learning Outcome
Definition:
Stability refers to the ability of an object to return to
its original position after it has been tilted slightly.
5.4 Stability
Stable Equilibrium
The anticlockwise
moment of its weight W Fig 5.27(a). Stable
about the point of contact Equilibrium.
C cause the cone to return
to its original position.
5.4 Stability
Unstable Equilibrium
There is no moment
Fig 5.27(c).
provided but its weight W Neutral Equilibrium.
about the point of contact C
to turn the paper cone.
5.4 Stability
Hence, to increase stability of object,
Centre of gravity is as low as possible.
The area of its base is as wide as possible.
Answer
The turning effects of the weight of the pole and the wet
laundry.
Answer: