Industrial Training Report

BWEL
BHARAT WAGON & ENGINEERING COMPANY LTD.
(A Govt. of India Undertaking, Ministry of Railways)

MUZAFFARPUR UNIT,

MUZAFFARPUR-842001
BIHAR

Submitted to

Department of Mechanical Engineering

HCTM TECHNICAL CAMPUS,KAITHAL

In Partial fulfillment of
The requirements for the degree of
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF SUBMITTED BY

MR. V.K. SHRIVASTAVA ALOK RANJAN

MANAGER (WORKS) Roll No. 12ET405007

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 K.N.G.D. MODI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
GAZIABAD

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. ALOK RANJAN of

(B. TECH.) Mechanical Roll No. 12ET405007 has
completed his Industrial Training during the
academic year 2014-2015 as partial fulfillment of
the (Diploma) Mechanical course.

Head of the Department

S.N. GARG
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am highly grateful to the Bharat Wagon & Engg. Co. Ltd.,

Muzaffarpur for their kind co-operation and the favour they imparted
to grant me a vocational training seal and there after helping
throughout the same.

I would like to express my gratefulness to Mr. K.K. Choudhary (unit

head) whose kind co-operation helped me in completing my
training.

I am deeply indebted to Mr. A.K. VERMA Manager (Works).

My sincere thanks go to Mr. A.K. Verma (Press & Smithy Shop), Mr.
T. Ahmad (Cutting & Welding Shop), Mr. H. Kr. Shrivastava
(Template Shop), Mr. O.P. Singh (Drilling Shop), Mr. O.P. Singh
(Machine Shop), Mr. A.K. Varun (Structural Shop), Mr. A.K. Tiwari
(Maintenance Shop), Mr. S.N. Singh (Wagon Assembly Shop), & Mr.
Ranjeet Kumar Singh (Finishing Shop).

I am also acknowledging my deep sense of gratitude to the

management and employees of BWEL, Muzaffarpur Unit for their
kind co-operation.

ALOK RANJAN
 CONTENTS

PARTICULARS

 Company Profile

 Introduction

 Press & Smithy Shop

 Cutting & Welding Shop

 Template Shop

 Drilling Shop

 Machine Shop

 Structural Shop

 Wagon Assembly Shop

 Finishing Shop
 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE PLANT

The Bharat Wagon & Engg. Co. Ltd Muzaffarpur unit is engaged in manufacture of
goods wagon for INDIAN RAILWAYS. It also manufacture and supplies sugar
machineries. Agriculture implements and other mechanical and structural jobs
The company was started an English man Mr. Arthur Butler around 1870, when
industrial revolution was taking place. In the starting period the company did not have
more than 120 workers. During this the business expanded greatly and the number of
employees increased tremendously. The company has 600 employees during the period
Upto the april 1996 the company was managed by M/S jubilee agents limited on 1 st
may 1946. After that british management sold the same to Indians and since 1948 the
management was in the hands of Indian businessman. The production of company was
renamed as BHARAT WAGON & ENGG. CO. Ltd. Muzaffarpur
Presently more than 400 employees are contributing their services to this unit of
BWEL.

 Total area of factory is 196200ft

 Covered Area of factory is 164691ft

THERE ARE NINE SHOPS NAMELY:

 Press and smithy shop

 Cutting and welding shop
 Template shop
 Drilling shop
 Structural shop
 Machine shop
 Foundry shop
 Wagon assembly shop
 Finalizing shop
 PRSS & SMITHY SHOP

INTRODUCTION:-

In this shop there are seven small open hearth furnaces where coal burns
on the bed.
On these furnaces various types of parts are heated. The heated parts is
kept is kept on the anvil & with the help of hammer the required shape is
formed. In this shop mere than 50 components are pre pared as like.

 Head stock pressing

 Anchor plate pressing
 Foot step
 Pull rod
 Head stock
 Hand wheel
 Bolster
List and Numbering of M/C:-
NAME OF MACHINE CAPACITY NO. OF
MACHINES
Hydraulic Press 400T 01
Hydraulic Press 250T 02
Press Machine 600T 01
Power Hammer 400kg 01
Power Hammer 250kg 01
Power Hammer 100kg 01
Power Hammer 80kg 01
Coal Fired Forged - 01
Oil Fired Furnace - 01
Blower - 02

PRESS AND PRESS WORK

The press is a metal forming machine tool designed to shape or cut metal
by applying mechanical formed into desired shape without removing chips.
The presses are exclusively intended in mass production work and they
present the fastest & most efficient way to form a sheet metal into finished
product.

POWER PRESS

The constructional features of power press is almost similar to the hand

press the only difference being the arm instead of driven by power. The
power press may be designed as mechanical or hydraulic according to the
type of working mechanism is used to transmit power on the ram. In a
mechanical press, the rotary motion is obtained from electric motor is
obtained from an electric motor is converted into reciprocating moment of
the arm by using different mechanical device. In a hydraulic press the fluid
under high pressure is pumped on one side of piston and then on the other
in a hydraulic cylinder to drive the reciprocating movement. Power press is
driven by a crank and connecting rod mechanism. The working of power
press is similar to as that of hand press. The punch is fitted on the end of
the ram and die is attached on the bolster plate. The flywheel is mounted at
the end of the crank shaft stores up the energy for maintaining a constant
downward speed of ram when the sheet metal is pressed between punch
and the die.

POWER PRESS PPARTS

The Different parts of power press are described below:
 BASE
 FRAME
 BOLSTER PLATE
 RAM OR SLIDE
 PITMAN
 CRANKSHAFT
 FLYWHEEL
 BRAKE
 CLUTCH
HYDRAULIC PRESS

The hydraulic press is

used to manufacture
anchor plate. For this
the plate is heated in a
oil furnace. The Heated
plate is kept
horizontally on the
machine table and the
arm is allowed to press
the plate due to
downward moment and
the U-shaped anchor
plate is manufactured.

POWER HAMMER

On this machine the part,

which is to be
manufactured, is kept on
the die after heating in the
furnace and the arm is
allowed to strike the
component on the die.
Due to strike of the ram
the component takes the
shape of that of the die.

Force increased with hydraulics

F2=F1 (A2/A1)
A1 & A2 Are piston area.
 TEMPLATE SHOP

Mechanical template is used to cut and shape a product .

 A die manufacturing
 A mold
 A jig (tool)

JIG AND FIXTURES

Jig and fixtures are production tool used to accurately manufacture
duplicate and interchangeable parts. Jig and fixtures used speciality to
ensure interchangeablity of compounds.
Both Jigs and Fixtures position components accurately and hold
component rigid and prevent movement during working in order to import
greater productivity and parts accuracy.
Fixtures are only holding the job during working but jigs are hold the
job as well as guide the tool.

TEMPLATES:-

Template shop forms the layout of the wagon and the structure of
wagon. Template shop give the required dimension of metal to all shop
special metal cutting.
 CUTTING AND WELDING SHOP

This is one of the shop in which the basic work is performed as the name
indicates of this shop. This shop mainly involved in cutting the plates of
different thickness in the desired shapes and size.

Machine which are involves in metal cutting are given below:

S.No. NAME OF THE MACHINE No. OF MACHINE

1. Shearing Machine 01
2. Cropping Machine 02
3. Chipping Machine 01
4. Profile cutting Machine 03
5. Kangaroo Machine 01

SHEARING MACHINE

On the shearing machine the plate to be cut should be flat and the thickness
should not be more then 8mm for cutting the flat plate is kept on the bed of
the machine and is moved
manually. It is done with the
help of crane. It consist of
cutting blade and no. of
pressing bolts. Which holds
the plate

CHIPPING MACHINE

This machine is used to used

to produce an incline shape at
tha end of plate, which is
necessary in the end-to-end
welding. This machine has a gun through which high pressure air comes.
This machine holds a chisel. The high pressure pushes the chisel which
causes to cut the plate.

PROFILE CUTTING MACHINE

This machine has a vertical column and two horizontal arm. One arm
consist of template and consist of the welding torch and the small driving
motor. It can cut the plate upto 35mm to 40mm, through the welding torch
oxygen and acetylene gas supplied. This machine requires extra amount of
oxygen gas so two oxygen pipe are connected to the torch. To cut the plate
in desired shape, the same shaped template is fixed to the upper arm and
the magnetic roller of the second i.e. lower arm is touched to the template.
The torch moves through the profile of the template and the plate cuts in
the desired shape
KANGAROO MACHINE

One another plate-cutting

machine in the shop is kangaroo
machine. This is the biggest
cutting machine in the shop.
This machine consist of two
welding torch. The torch moves
in all the co-ordinate axis, i.e.
X, Y &Z-axis. This is fully
electronic controlled machine.
This consists of an electric
sensor and a horizontal plate.
The drawing of the required
shape is kept on the horizontal
plate and the sensor moves
through the black lines of
drawing. This machine can also
move manually. The amount of
oxygen and acetylene gas can be controlled with the knob.
CHIPS

The form and dimension of a chip metal machining indicates the nature
and quality of a particular machining process. But the type of chip formed
in generally influenced by the properties of the material cut and various
cutting conditions.

THERE ARE MAINLY TWO TYPES OF CHIP

 The discontinuous or Segmental form.
 The continuous or Ribbon type.
Discontinuous or Segmental Chip

It consists of elements fractured into fairly small pieces ahead of cutting

tool. This type of chip is obtained in machining most brittle materials such
as cast iron and bronze. These materials rupture during plastic deformation
and form chips as a seprate small piece. As the chip are produced, the
cutting edge smoothes over the irregularities and a fairly good finish is
obtained. Tool life is also reasonably good, and the power consumption is
low discontinuous chip can also formed on some ductile metals only under
certain conditions particularly at very low speed and if the coefficient of
friction is low with the ductile metals, however surface finish is bad and
the tool life is short.
Conditions:- Ending to promote its formation on brittle metal, greater
depth of cut, low cutting speed and and small rake angle.

Continuous or ribbon type chip.

It consists of element bounded firmly together without being fractured.

The best condition of ribbon of metal, under the microscope shows no
signs of tear or discontinuous. The upper side of a continuous chip has
small notches while the lower side which slides over the tool face, is
smooth and shiney. The continuous form is considered most desirable for
low friction al the tool chip material, lower power consumption, long tool
life and good surface finish.
 DRILLING SHOP
INTRODUCTION

In this shop there are different types of drilling machines. The drilling
Machine one of the important machine tool in the workshop. As reguards
its importance is secondary to thethe lathe. Although it was preliminary
designed to originate a hole, it can be perform a number of similar
oprations. In a drilling machine holes can be generated quickly and at a
low cost. The holes is generated by rotating edge of a cutting tool known
as a drill which exerts large force on the work clamped on the table. As the
machine tool exerts vertical pressure to originate the holes it is loosely
called the ”drill press”
The following are the drill size & which are
used for drilling in this shop is 5mm, 6mm, 11mm, 13.5mm, 17.5mm,
21.5mm and 23.5mm. These are the drill size which are used here for
drilling marking takes a lot of time and it requires more skilled person for
marking. So drilling of component by marking is used for a few,
component where it is difficult to set a jig. For mass production of
components jig is used for drilling . The thickness of the jig plate, which is
in practice, is 12mm. To manufacture jig a hole greater dia. is done in the
jig plate and bush of required drill size is fitted in the hole . The material of
the jig bush is class IV and IS:1875

In this drilling shop there are universal drilling machine,

radial drilling machine , two semi universal radial drilling machine and a
few ordinary radial drilling machine . There is one gang drilling machine
and one sensitive drilling machine .
RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE

The radial drilling machine intended for drilling medium to large

and heavy work pieces. The machine consist of a hevy, round vertical
column mounted on a large base. The coulmn support a radial arm, which
can be raised or lowered to accommodate work piece of different heights.
The drill head containing mechanism for rotating and feeding the drill is
mounted on a radial arm and can be moved horizontally on the guide ways
and clamped at any desired position. As it is possible to swing the arm
relative to the machine's base, a radial drilling machine is able to operate
over a large area without having to reposition the work piece. This saves
considerable time because it is much faster to reposition the drill head than
it is to unclamp, move, and then re-clamp the work piece to the table.
When several holes are drilled on a large work piece, the position of the
arm and drill head is altered so that a drill spindle may be moved from one
position to another after drilling the hole without altering the setting of the
work. The work may be mounted on the table or when the work is very
large it may be placed on the floor or in a pit.
The radial drilling machines are used in small and big workshops,
engineering industries, dies, tools, and mould manufacturing, machine tool
builders, automobile and ship building industries, railway, defense,
fabrications shops etc.
RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE PARTTS WITH SPECIFICATION:

The arm is made of high class

cast iron, arm slide is under strike
heat treatment and grinding 2HP
motor can be provided diven sped
section under heavy duty cutting.
The main spindle is balanced by
special spring. The overload
protective devices can secure the
operator against injury.
SPECIFICATION

TPR- TPR- TPR- TPR-

720A 820A 920A 100

Distance from column 750mm 850mm 950mm 1100mm

surface to spindle
Centre maximum

Travel of spindle head 530mm 630mm 730mm 855mm

Distance from base 1060mm 1210mm 1210mm 1280mm
surface to spindle end

Evaluating height of 605mm 650mm 650mm 600mm

arm
PARTS:
 BASE

 COULMN

 RADIAL ARM

 DRILL HEAD

 SPINDLE HEAD & FEED MECHANISM

There are also many types of drilling machines such as:

 Universal drilling machine

 Semi universaldrilling machine

 Sensitive drilling machine

 Gang drilling machine, etc

UNIVERSALDRILLING MACHINE

SENSATIVE
DRILLING
MACHINE

DRILLING OF JOB
In this shop drilling is done by two methods:

 By marking

 By jig

The following are the drill size & which are used for drilling in this shop is
5mm, 6mm, 11mm, 13.5mm, 17.5mm, 21.5mm and 23.5mm. These are the
drill size which are used here for drilling marking takes a lot of time and it
requires more skilled person for marking. So drilling of component by
marking is used for a few, cases.
For mass production of components jig is used for drilling . The
thickness of the jig plate, which is in practice, is 12mm. To manufacture jig
a hole greater dia. is done in the jig plate and bush of required drill size is
fitted in the hole . The material of the jig bush is class IV and IS:1875 .
FORGING PROCESSES
 MACHINE SHOP
This is the biggest
shop of this
organization. In this
shop there are
various types of
machines. Such as.

Sr. No. Name of machine Total no. Of machine

1. Lathe 11
2. Drilling machine 02
3. Shaper machine 03
4. Boring machine 02
5. Planner 02
6. Milling machine 02
LATHE

The lathe is a machine tool used principally for shaping articles of metal,
wood, or other material. All lathes, except the vertical
turret type, have one thing in common for all usual machining operations;
the workpiece is held and rotated around a horizontal axis while being

formed to size and shape by a cutting tool. The cutter bit is held either by
hand or by a mechanical holder, then applied to the workpiece. Principal
capabilities of the lathe are

forming straight, tapered, or irregularly outlined cylinders, facing or radial

turning cylindrical sections, cutting screw threads, and boring or enlarging
internal diameters. The typical lathe provides a variety of rotating speeds
and suitable manual and automatic controls for moving the cutting tool.

CENTER LATHE

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF CENTRE LATHE:

The Centre Lathe is used to manufacture cylindrical shapes from a range of materials
including; steels and plastics. Many of the components that go together to make an
engine work have been manufactured using lathes. These may be lathes operated
directly by people (manual lathes) or computer controlled lathes (CNC machines) that
have been programmed to carry out a particular task. A basic manual centre lathe is
shown below. This type of lathe is controlled by a person turning the various handles on
the top slide and cross slide in order to make a product.

CONSTRUCTION:

The design of lathes can vary greatly depending on the intended application;
however, basic features are common to most types. These machines consist of (at the
least) a headstock, bed, carriage, and tailstock. Better machines are solidly constructed
with broad bearing surfaces (slides or ways) for stability, and manufactured with great
precision. This helps ensure the components manufactured on the machines can meet
the required tolerances and repeatability.

LATHE PARTS

 BED
 HEAR STOCK
 TAIL STOCK
 CARRIAGE
 FEED MECHANISM
 SCREW MECHANISM
THE BED

The bed is a robust

base that connects to the
headstock and permits the

carriage and tailstock to be aligned parallel with the axis of the spindle.
This is facilitated by hardened and ground ways which restrain the carriage
and tailstock in a set track. The carriage travels by means of a rack and
pinion system, leadscrew of accurate pitch, or feedscrew.

Types of beds include inverted "V" beds, flat beds, and

combination "V" and flat beds. "V" and combination beds are used for
precision and light duty work, while flat beds are used for heavy duty
work.

THE HEAD STOCK

 The headstock houses the main spindle , speed change
mechanism , and change gears . The headstock is required to be made as
robust as possible due to the cutting forces involved, which can distort a
lightly built housing, and
induce harmonic vibratio
ns that will transfer
through to the workpiece,
reducing the quality of
the finished workpiece.

The main spindle is

generally hollow to allow
long bars to extend
through to the work area.
This reduces preparation and waste of material. The spindle runs in
precision bearings and is fitted with some means of attaching workholding
devices such as chucks or faceplates. This end of the spindle usually also
has an included taper, frequently a Morse taper, to allow the insertion of
tapers and centers. On older machines the spindle was directly driven by
a flat belt pulley with lower speeds available by manipulating the bull gear.
Later machines use a gear box driven by a dedicated electric motor. A fully
geared head allows the operator to select speeds entirely through the
gearbox.

THE TAIL STOCK

The tailstock is a tool holder directly mounted on the spindle

axis, opposite the headstock. The spindle does not rotate but does travel
longitudinally under the
action of a lead screw
and hand wheel. The
spindle includes
a taper to hold drill bits,
centers and
other tooling. The
tailstock can be
positioned along the bed
and clamped in position as required. There is also provision to offset the
tailstock from the spindles axis, this is useful for turning small tapers.
The image shows a reduction gear box between the hand wheel
and spindle, this is a feature found only in the larger center lathes, where
large drills may necessitate the extra leverage. The tool bit is normally
made of HSS, cobalt steel or carbide
CARRIAGE
In its simplest form the carriage holds the tool bit and moves it
longitudinally (turning) or perpendicularly (facing) under the control of the
operator. The operator moves the carriage manually via the hand wheel or
automatically by engaging the feed shaft with the carriage feed
mechanism. This provides some relief for the operator as the movement of
the carriage becomes power assisted. The hand wheels on the carriage and
its related slides are usually calibrated, both for ease of use and to assist in
making reproducible cuts.
It consist of following parts:
a. Saddle
b. Cross slide
c. Compound rest
 d. Tool post
e. Apron

FEED MECHANISM

Various feed mechanisms exist to feed material into a lathe at a

defined rate.
Bar feeder-A bar feeder feeds a single piece of bar stock into the cutting
machine. As each part is machined, the cutting tool creates a final cut to
separate the part from the bar stock, and the feeder continues to feed the
bar for the next part, allowing for continual operation of the machine.
Bar loader-A bar loader is a variation on the bar feeder concept in that
multiple pieces of bar stock may be fed into a hopper, and the loader feeds
each piece as necessary.

HEAVY DUTY LATHE

The heavy duty lathes

have 4 jaw chuck and can hold a
job of 1 m. dia. The chuck can
rotate up to a maxm speed of 315
rpm. The motor, which is required
to rotate the chuck has the
following specification. This is 3
phase induction motor and require 415 volts . The type is delta connection.
The horsepower of the motor is 50 H.P. & the output shaft of this motor
can rotate speed of 1460 rpm. The tail stock of the lathe consists of a
separate electric motor to move it self on the lathe bed.
SHAPER MACHINE
Shapers have been largely superseded by milling nachines or grinding
machines in mordern industrial practice. The basic function of the machine
is still sound and tooling for them in minimal and very cheap to reproduce.
They can invaliable joiing or repair shops where only one or few pieces are
required to be produce and the alternative methods are cost or tooling
intensive. The mechanically operated machines are simple and simple and
robust in construction, making their repair and upkeep easily achievable.

TYPES
Shapers are mainly classified as standard, draw cut, horizontal, universal,
vertical geared, crank, hydraulic, contour and travelling head. The
horizontal arrangement is the most common. Vertical shapers are generally
fitted with a rotary table to enable curved surfaces to be machined. The
vertical shaper is essentially the same thing as a slotter (slotting machine),
although technically a distinction can be made if one defines a true vertical
shaper as a machine whose slide can be moved from the vertical. A slotter
is fixed in the vertical plane.

Small shapers have been successfully made to operate by

hand power. As size increases, the mass of the machine and its power
requirements increase, and it becomes necessary to use a motor or other
supply of mechanical power. This motor drives a mechanical arrangement
(using a pinion gear, bull gear, and crank, or a chain over sprockets) or a
hydraulic motor that supplies the necessary movement via hydraulic
cylinders
OPERATION

The drive arm revolves less for the return stroke than for the cutting stroke,
resulting in a quicker return stroke and more power ful cutting stroke.

A shaper operates by moving a hardened cutting tool backwards and

forwards across the work piece. On the return stroke of the ram the tool is lifted
clear of the workpiece, reducing the cutting action to one direction only.

The work piece mounts on a rigid, box-shaped table in front of the

machine. The height of the table can be adjusted to suit this work piece, and the
table can traverse sideways underneath the reciprocating tool, which is mounted
on the ram. Table motion may be controlled manually, but is usually advanced
by automatic feed mechanism acting on the feed screw. The ram slides back and
forth above the work. At the front end of the ram is a vertical tool slide that may
be adjusted to either side of the vertical plane along the stroke axis. This tool-
slide holds the clapper box and tool post, from which the tool can be positioned
to cut a straight, flat surface on the top of the work piece. The tool-slide permits
feeding the tool downwards to deepen a cut. This adjustability, coupled with the
use of specialized cutters and tool holders, enable the operator to cut internal and
external gear tooth profiles, splines, dovetails, and keyways.

The ram is adjustable for stroke and, due to the geometry of the
linkage, it moves faster on the return (non-cutting) stroke than on the forward,
cutting stroke. This action is via a slotted link or Whitworth link.
Cutting fluid may be employed to improve the finish and prolong the tool’s life.
USES
The most common use is to machine straight, flat surfaces, but with
ingenuity and some accessories a wide range of work can be done. Other
examples of its use are:
 Keyways in the boss of a pulley or gear can be machined without
resorting to a dedicated broaching setup.
 Dovetail slides
 Internal splines
 Keyway cutting in blind holes

HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE

This machine is used for the boring purpose of big components. This
machine is driven by electric motor & with the help of gear mechanism the
main shaft is rotated. The sail, which is to be machined, is kept on the bed.
Before it, a ring is inserted over the sail to rigidly damp it. The main shaft
consists of two heads, which has groove in which cutting tool is fitted &
fightened with the bolts. The cutting head starts cutting from opposite
sides. Both the cutting tools rotate in opposite direction.

WAGON ASSEMBLY SHOP

In this shop the various components which are manufactured in

the different shops are assembled and the wagon is completed and then set
to the finishing shop . First of the assembly of wagon, the centre sill is kept
on the fixture.
CENTRE SILL

This is manufactured in the sub-assembly shop. To

manufacture two Z channels are welded after welding the supporting plate
is welded to require position and then it is sent for marking. After marking,
drilling is done and coupler cashing is fitted at both the ends and riveting is
done by the air gun. Lastly it is checked whether it is true size or not. If not
the length is reduced by gas cutting. The length of the center sill should be
9784mm and the width should be 2960 mm. The centre seal is placed on
the fixture and cross bar and bolster is welded to it . After welding these
two seal bars are attached and is welded . Now this is known "Under frame
". Now riveting is done. The head stock is also welded to the centre sill at
both the ends. The gusset plate and the
cross bar bottom plate is welded to bolster
and cross bar respectively . The strenger is
welded to the under frame throughout the
length. The under frame is placed on the
manipulator for welding at the bottom side .
Now the air brake cylinder and the pipe line
is fitted and clamped . The side body and
end body is attached and riveted and welded
to the under frame . This complete box is
kept on the wheel assembly and then it is sent for finishing.
 FINISHING SHOP

After assembling the wagon is sent to the finishing shop. In this shop the
wagon is brought to the shot blaster chamber. In this chamber small iron
particle is allowed to strike on the wagon to remove the extra welding
deposit and the rust formed on it . The high pressure air helps the iron
particle to come out from the gun and to strike rapidly . In this chamber the
working condition are very hazardous . So The worker wears oxygen mask
before doing work inside the chamber .
In this shop painting of wagon are done. The wagon is painted in
three coating.

1. Each primer:- It is avoid the dust.

2. Zinc phosphate:- it is the second coating at the paint.
3. Firozy blue: it is the finishing coating of the painting.

After this the wagon is painted and the specifications are written
on the wagon and then dispatched to INDIAN RAILWAY .
FLOW CHART OF WAGON (BOXNHL MBS)
WHEEL SET BOGIE FROM
& STROKE
OTHER COMPONENT

AIR BRAKE AND OTHER

COMPONENT
 References:

This report is completed by myself with the refrence of some

medium which is as follows.
 Workshop technology By P.S Pragyan

 Workshop technology By K.C. John.

 Bharat wagon library

 Wikipedia.com

 Google.com

And special help of “Bharat Wagon” family.