Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
IN ALTERNATIVE
FUELS
PRESENTS
Content
Preface 5 Fact Sheet:
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR)
List of Abbreviations 21 review “Bamboo”
1 Classification according to European Waste
List of Chemical Formulae 33 Catalogue EWC 69
1.1 AFR description 69
1.2 AFR pictures 70
Fact Sheet:
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR) 2 AFR source and composition 71
2.1 Source 71
review “Agriculture films”
2.2 Quantity and availability 72
1 Classification according to European Waste
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 74
Catalogue EWC 37
2.4 AFR composition 75
1.1 AFR description 37
2.5 AFR analysis 75
1.2 AFR pictures 39
2.6 AFR ash composition 76
2 AFR source and composition 39
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 76
2.1 Source 39
4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 77
2.2 Quantity and availability 41
4.1 Collection and transport 77
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 43
4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 77
2.4 AFR composition 43 4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime plant 79
2.5 AFR analysis 44
5 Recommendations 82
2.6 AFR ash composition 44
6 References 82
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 45
4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 45 Fact Sheet:
4.1 Collection and transport 45 Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR)
4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal of the AFR 46 review “Calcium fluoride sludge”
4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime plant 47 1 Classification according to European Waste
5 Recommendations 50 Catalogue EWC 85
6 References 51 1.1 AFR description 85
1.2 AFR pictures 86
Fact Sheet: 2 AFR source and composition 86
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR) 2.1 Source 86
review “Bagasse” 2.2 Quantity and availability 91
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 92
1 Classification according to European Waste
Catalogue EWC 55 2.4 AFR composition and analysis 93
1.1 AFR description 55 3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 94
1.2 AFR pictures 56 4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 94
2 AFR source and composition 56 4.1 Collection and transport 94
4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 94
2.1 Source 56
4.3 Use as alternative raw material in
2.2 Quantity and availability 57
a cement plant 96
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 58
5 Recommendations 99
2.4 AFR composition 59
6 References 99
2.5 AFR analysis 60
2.6 AFR ash composition 61
Fact Sheet:
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 61
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR)
4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 62 review “Carpets and rugs”
4.1 Collection and transport 62 1 Classification according to European Waste
4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 62 Catalogue EWC 103
4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime plant 63 1.1 AFR description 103
5 Recommendations 65 1.2 AFR pictures 104
6 References 65 2 AFR source and composition 105
Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials Handbook
2.1 Source 105 4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 153
2.2 Quantity and availability 107 4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 108 plant 154
2.4 AFR composition 109 5 Recommendations 155
2.5 AFR analysis 111 6 References 156
2.6 AFR ash composition 112
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 112 Fact Sheet:
4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 113
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR)
4.1 Collection and transport 113
review “Foams”
4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 114
4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime 1 Classification according to European Waste
plant 115 Catalogue EWC 159
5 Recommendations 120 1.1 AFR description 160
6 References 121 1.2 AFR pictures 160
2 AFR source and composition 161
Fact Sheet: 2.1 Source 161
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR) 2.2 Quantity and availability 163
review “Coconut shells” 2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 164
1 Classification according to European Waste 2.4 AFR composition 165
Catalogue EWC 2.5 AFR analysis 165
127
2.6 AFR ash composition 166
1.1 AFR description 127
1.2 AFR pictures 128 3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 166
2 AFR source and composition 129 4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 166
2.1 Source 129 4.1 Collection and transport 166
2.2 Quantity and availability 129 4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 168
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 133 4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime
2.4 AFR composition 133 plant 169
2.5 AFR analysis 134 5 Recommendations 172
2.6 AFR ash composition 135 6 References 172
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 135
4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 136 Fact Sheet:
4.1 Collection and transport 136
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR)
4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 136
review “Glycerine from biodiesel
4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime
plant 137 production”
5 Recommendations 140 1 Classification according to European Waste
6 References 140 Catalogue EWC 175
1.1 AFR description 175
Fact Sheet: 1.2 AFR pictures 176
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR) 2 AFR source and composition 176
review “Coffee bean husks” 2.1 Source 176
1 Classification according to European Waste 2.2 Quantity and availability 177
Catalogue EWC 143 2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 181
1.1 AFR description 143 2.4 AFR composition 181
1.2 AFR pictures 144
2.5 AFR analysis 182
2 AFR source and composition 145
2.6 AFR ash composition 183
2.1 Source 145
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 183
2.2 Quantity and availability 146
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 151 4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 184
2.4 AFR composition 151 4.1 Collection and transport 184
2.5 AFR analysis 152 4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 184
2.6 AFR ash composition 152 4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement or lime
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 153 plant 185
4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 153 5 Recommendations 188
4.1 Collection and transport 153 6 References 188
Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials Handbook
Fact Sheet:
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR)
review “Tobacco waste”
1 Classification according to European Waste
Catalogue EWC 531
1.1 AFR description 531
1.2 AFR pictures 532
2 AFR source and composition 532
2.1 Source 532
2.2 Quantity and availability 534
2.3 Flow chart of AFR production 536
2.4 AFR composition 537
2.5 AFR analysis 538
2.6 AFR ash composition 539
3 Harmful substances and hazardous characteristics 539
4 Collection, recycling and disposal of the AFR 540
4.1 Collection and transport 540
4.2 Recycling, current use and disposal 540
4.3 Use as alternative fuel in a cement plant 540
5 Recommendations 542
6 References 543
Fact Sheet:
Alternative fuel and raw material (AFR)
review “Used wood”
1 Classification according to European Waste
Catalogue EWC 547
1.1 AFR description 548
1.2 AFR pictures 549
2 AFR source and composition 549
2.1 Source 549
2.2 Quantity and availability 555