Confusing terms IODINE PREPARATIONS

✔️Atomic no. - no. of protons ✔️Iodine tincture

(protons=electrons)
2% I in 50% alcohol with NaI
✔️Atomic mass - no. of proton and neutrons

✔️Iodine solution
✔️Isotones - same no. of neutrons 2% I in H2O with NaI
✔️Isobars - same mass no.

✔️Isotopes - same atomic no. diff. mass no. ✔️Lugol's solution

- diff. no. of neutrons 5% I in H2O with KI

✔️Rem - unit of radiation damage

✔️Sievert(Sv) - SI unit for effective dosage TATRATES

1Sv = 100rem ✔️Rochelle's Salt/Seignette's salt
✔️RBE - relative biological effectiveness of the Sodium potassium tartrate
radiation
KNaC4H4O6
✔️Gray - SI unit for absorbed dose (1J of energy
per kg tissue)
✔️Cream of Tartar
✔️rad - radiation absorbed dose (1x10^-2 energy
per kg tissue) -commonly used KHC4H4O6
1G = 100rad

✔️Tartar emetic
Keesom forces (orientation effect) - dipole K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2
dipole

Debye forces (induction effect) - dipole-induced

dipole

London forced (dispersion forces) - induced MERCURY

dipole - induced dipole Calomel - Hg2Cl2

Corrosive sublimate - HgCl2

Cinnabar - HgS
SULFATES

✔️White vitriol ✔️Skimmed milk - milk after the separation of

the cream
ZnSO4 • 7H2O
✔️Butter milk - liquid formed when fat globules
✔️Blue vitriol
of churned milk unite to form butter
CuSO4 • 5H2O
✔️Coagulum - formed when skimmed milk is
✔️Green vitriol treated with rennin

FeSO4 ✔️Whey - the liquid that separates from the

coagulum
✔️Oil of Vitriol
✔️Cheese - formed after the treatment of the
H2SO4
coagulum
✔️Epsom salt
✔️Condensed milk - prepared by partial
MgSO4 • 7H2O evaporation of milk in a vacuum and
consequent sterilization in hermetcally scales
✔️Glauber's salt container by autoclaving
Na2SO4 • 10H2O ✔️Butter - when milk contains 2.5-5% fat
✔️Gypsum ✔️Kumyss - Fermented milk
CaSO4 • 2H2O

✔️Plaster of Paris ✔️Lipids - esters of glycerol and long chain fatty

CaSO4 • 1/2H2O acids

✔️Waxes - esters of long chain fatty acids and

high molecular weight alcohol
✔️Feldspar - potassium aluminum silicate
✔️Fixed oils - esters of high molecular weight
✔️Zeolite - calcium aluminum silicate fatty acids
✔️Floridin/Fuller's earth - Aluminum magnesium
silicate

✔️Soft coal - bituminous

✔️Hard coal - anthracite

✔️Fergon - ferrous gluconate

✔️Toleron - ferrous fumarate

Yellow fever vaccine - living embryo of domestic
fowl
Rabies vaccine - brain tissue of rabbits or duck's
embryo
Poliomyelitis vaccine - Rhesus monkey kidney
tissues bathed by a complex nutrient fluid
containing more than 60 ingredients
Measles vaccine - avian embryo tissue or
human diploid cell tissue
Mumps vaccine - allantoic fluid of developing
chicken embryo
Deficiencies and diseases
🔹Maple syrup disease - Alpha keto acid
dehydrogenase
🔹Phenylketonuria - Phenylalanine hydroxylase
🔹Alkaptonuria/Black urine disease -
homogentisic acid oxidase
🔹Tay-Sachs disease - Hexoaminidase
(lysosomal enzyme)
🔹Thalassemia - synth. of globin chain of
hemoglobin
🔹Xeroderma pigmentosum - pyrimidine
dimmers
🔹Kwashiorkor - proteins
🔹Marasmus - proteins and calories
🔹Vit A - night blindness, sperm production
inhibition
🔹Vit B1(thiamine) - beriberi, Wernicke-
Korsakoff syndrome
🔹Vit B2(riboflavin) - cheilosis(singaw), angular
stomatitis, dermatitis
🔹Vit B3(nicotinic acid) - Pellagra
🔹Vit B5(pantothenic acid/chick antidermatitis
factor) - burning foot syndrome(cramps),
hypertension
🔹Vit B6(pyridoxine) - depression, confusion,
convulsions
🔹Vit B9(folic acid) - anemia, neural tube defects
🔹Vit B12(cyanocobalamin) - anemia, pernicious
anemia, methylmalonic acidosis
🔹Vit C(ascorbic acid/cevitamic acid) - Scurvy
🔹Vit D(cholecalciferol) - rickets(children),
osteomalacia(adults)
🔹Vit E - red blood cell fragility
🔹Vit K(menadione) - hemorrhage
🔹Vit H(biotin) - rash about the eyebrows,
muscle pain, fatigue
🔹Vitamin P(bioflavonoids/rutin & hesperidin)
🔹Vitamin F(linoleic acid)
🔹Iodine - Goiter
🔹Iron - Microcytic hypochromic anemia
🔹Zinc - parakeratosis
Vector - Disease Culex, Anopheles - Wuchereria
bancrofti(elephantiasis)

Anopheles - Malaria
Reduviid(kissing bug) - Trypanosoma cruzi

Phlebotomous(sand fly) - Leashmaniasis

Flour beetle(intermediate host) - Hynenolepsis
Tsetse fly - Trypanosoma gambiense,
nana
rhodesiense(african sleeping sickness

Simulium(black fly) - Onchocerca volvulus(river

blindness) Diagnosis
Deer fly - Francisella tularensis

Weil-Felix test- Rickettsia

Body louse - Borrelia recurrentis (recurring Widal test- Salmonella (typhoid)

fever)
Von-Priquet test/Tuberculin test, acid
Ixodes tick - Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) fast/Ziehl-Nielsen stain- TB

Schick test - Diphtheria

Louse - Rickettsia prowazeki (Bill-Zinser disease) IgM-FTA-Abs test - congenital syphilis

Flea - Rickettsia typhi Modified Bordet-Gengou agar - Bordatella

Mite - Rickettsia tsusugamushi Skirrow's medium - Campylobacter

Bipolar staining - Yersinia pestis

Ticks - Rickettsia rickettsi (rocky mountain Nagler test - Clostridium perfringens

spotted fever)
Elek test/Immunodiffusion test, Loeffler's agar,
- Coxiella burnetti(q fever) Tellurite - Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Mite - Rickettsia akari(rickettsial pox) Elek test/Immunodiffusion test, Mueller-Hinton

Agar - Listeria monocytogenes

Serology - Treponema pallidum

Ticks - Ehrlichia
Non treponemal: venereal disease research
Ticks - Babesia
lab(VDRL), rapid plasma reagin(RPR)

Treponemal: fluorescent treponemal

Aedes aegypti - Dengue, yellow fever(panama
Ab absorption
puzzle)
Microhemagglutinin assay (MHA)
Culex mosquitoes - flavivirus(Japanese
encephalitis)
Buffered charcoal yeast extract - Legionella Typhoid fever - Salmonella typhimurium
pneumophila
Rice watery diarrhea - Vibrio cholera
Beef heart, horse serum, nucleic acid -
Plague - Yersinia pestis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Necrosis with gas gangrene - Clostridium
perfringens
HELMINTHS
Pseudomembranous colitis - Clostridium difficile

Tetanus - Clostridium tetani

Kato-Katz technique - Ascaris lumbricoides
Botulism - Clostridium botulinum
Scotch tape method - Enterobius vermicularis
Fried rice syndrome - Bacillus cereus

Madura foot - Actinomadura madurae

Common name Disease - Pathogen
Bejel - T. pallidum ssp endemicum

Yaws - T. pallidum ssp pertenue

Toxic shock syndrome - Staph. aureus
Pinta - T. carateum
Bacterial endocarditis - Staph. epidermidis

Scarlet fever,rheumatic fever - Strep. pyogenes

Relapsing fever - Borrelia recurrentis
Porcine heart valve endocarditis - Strep.
Lyme disease - Borrelia burgdorferi
viridans

CAP, otitis media - Strep. pneumoniae

Pontiac fever, Legionnaire's Disease - Legionella
Meningitis - Haemophilis influenzae
pneumophila
Soft chancroid - Haemophilis ducreyi

Brazillian purpuric fever - Haemophilus aegypti

Bill-Zinsser disease - Rickettsia prowazeki
Pertussis/Whooping cough - Bordatella
Rocky mountain spotted fever - Rickettsia
pertussis
rickettsi
Undulant fever/Malta fever - Brucella
Rickettsial pox - Rickettsia akari
Tularensis/Rabbit fever/Deer fly fever -
Q fever - Coxiella burnetti
Francisella tularensis

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome - Neisseria

meningitidis

Lymphogranuloma venereum - Chlamydia

trachomatis

Taiwan acute respiratory strain - Chlamydia

pneumoniae
VIRUS Hepa C – Flaivirus

Hepa D - delta agent defective virus

Dengue dot, Polymerase chain reaction - Hepa E - Calicivirus

Dengue

Encephalitis - Bunyavirus
SARS - Corona virus
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Nairovirus
Avian flu - influenza AH5N1
Rift valley fever/sandfly fever - phlebovirus
MERS-CoV - coronavirus

Japanese encephalitis, west nile virus, dengue,

German measles(Rubella)- rubivirus yellow fever - flavivirus

Measles(Rubeola) - morbilivirus

Mumps - paramyxovirus River blindness - Onchocerca volvulus

Erythema infectiosum(5th disease/Slapped Pernicious anemia - Diphyllobotrium latum

cheek syndrome) -parvovirus b19

Antibiotics and sources

Oral ulcer - Herpes simplex virus 1

Genital ulcer - Herpes simplex virus 2

Penicillin - Penicillium notatum
Chicken pox - varicella zoster virus
Erythromycin - Streptomyces erthythreus
Infections mononucleosis - Epstein-Barr
Chloramphenicol - Streptomyces venezuelae
Retinitis - Cytomegalovirus
Streptomycin - Streptomyces griseus
Roseola/6th disease- roseolavirus
Bacitracin - Bacillus subtilis
Kaposi's sarcoma - Kaposi sarcoma assoc.
Polymyxin - Bacillus polymyxa
herpes virus (KSAHV)
Lincomycin - Streptomyces lincolnensis

Vancomycin - Streptomyces orientalis

Viral gastroenteritis - rotavirus
Griseofulvin - Penicillium griseofulvum
Norwalk virus disease(winter vomiting) -
Calicivirus Amphotericin - Streptomyces nodosus

Nystatin - Streptomyces noursei

Hepa A - Picornavirus Chlortetracycline(Aureomycin HCl) -
Streptomyces aureofaciens
Hepa B - Hepadnavirus