Sunteți pe pagina 1din 12

ESc201A: Introduction to Electronics

Midsem Exam
18 Sept. 2017

Weight: 40 Name :

Time: 120 min Roll No.:

Venue: L16-20 Section: M/T/H/F-1/2/3

1. Enter all requested information on the top of this page.

2. Write your answers in the space provided after the question.

3. All parts of the same question must be attempted at the same place.

4. You may use extra sheets only for rough work. Extra sheets need not be submitted.

Question: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
Points: 14 3 4 6 4 6 3 40
Score:
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 1 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

1. For each of the following questions, only provide the final answer in the solution box. You
need not provide the details, and no marks will be awarded for partially correct answers.
2 (a) Consider two circuits A and B consisting entirely of linear elements (resistors, capacitors,
inductors, sources, etc.). The i-v characteristics of both circuits are provided in Fig 1.
What is the current iB when the two circuits are connected together as shown in Fig. 2.

+
+
Circuit A
- Circuit B
-

Slope = 1/3 Slope = 1

Figure 1: Figure for Q1(a)

+
Circuit A
-

+
Circuit B
-

Figure 2: Figure for Q1(a)

Solution: Inverting v axis of one and superimposing the graphs, it can be seen that
iB = −4.5 A. Alternatively, solve the system of equations: iA = iB , vA = −vB ,
iB = vB − 6, and iA = vA /3 − 4.
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 2 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

2 (b) For the following circuit, what is the value of VO /VS ?

12 Ω
+ −
VO

12 Ω

VS + 18 Ω 12 Ω

Solution: The 18 Ω resistance does not matter, and voltage division yields VO /VS =
6/(12 + 6) = 1/3.

2 (c) What is the Thevenin voltage Vth and Thevenin resistance Rth of the following circuit.

R2

R1 I V +

Solution: First we calculate the open circuit voltage, which can be done either by
node method or superposition. So vth = V R1R+R 1
2
+ I RR11+R
R2
2
. The Thevenin resis-
R1 R2
tance is simply Rth = R1 +R2 .

Page 2
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 3 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

2 (d) Write down the node equations for nodes e1 and e2 in the following circuit.

R1 R3
R5
Vs + e1 e2

R2 R4

Solution: The node equations are


e1 − Vs e1 e1 − e2
+ + =0 (1)
R1 R2 R5
e2 − Vs e2 e2 − e1
+ + =0 (2)
R3 R4 R5
These exact equations must be written.

2 (e) A battery, which can be modeled by a Thevenin equivalent circuit, has an open circuit
voltage of 2 volts. When a R1 = 500 Ω resistor is connected to the battery, the terminal
voltage drops to 1 volt. What resistance R2 should be connected to the battery so that the
power dissipation in R2 is the maximum possible.

Solution: Since voltage gets halved, we must have that Rth = 500 Ω. For maximum
power transfer, we have that R2 = Rth = 500 Ω.

Page 3
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 4 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

2 (f) In the following circuit, what is vO ?

1A

+
1Ω
vO 1Ω
1V + −

+
− 1V

1 1 1 1
Solution: Superposition theorem gives vO = 2 − 2 + 2 = 2 V.

2 (g) What is the minimum and maximum values of the gate-to-source voltage vGS for which
the MOSFET in Fig. 3 will operate in the saturation region? It is given that VT = 1 V.

+
_

Figure 3: Figure for Problem 1(f)

Solution: For the MOSFET to be in saturation, we require that vGS > VT and vDS >
vGS − VT which yields 1 < vGS < 6 V.

Page 4
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 5 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

3 2. Find the Thevenin’s equivalent of the circuit given in Figure 4.

R3 I R7

v
+
R1 _ R4 R6

A’

R2 R5 R8

Figure 4: Figure for Problem 2

Solution:

Solution: Thevenin’s resistance is given by RT H = R6 + R7 + R8 , since the current


source cuts off the subcircuit to its left for the purpose of determining the Thevenin resis-
tance. [1.5]
Open circuit voltage Voc is given by Voc = I · R6 . [1.5]

Page 5
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 6 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

4 3. Consider the RC circuit shown in Fig. 5(a). Suppose you observe that V0 (t) is a triangular
pulse as shown in Figure 5(b). Find and draw the waveform VI (t) as a function of t, that
must be applied to produce this output signal. Label time, magnitude and other significant
parameters of the function.

Vo (V)

1M ohm 5

V I (t)
+ 1uF Vo (t)
-
0 5 10
- t (s)

(a) (b)

Figure 5: Figure for Problem 3

Solution:

Solution: We have VI = RC dV dt + V0 . RC = 1 s. For 0 < t < 5, we have V0 = t =⇒


0

VI = t + 1. For 5 < t < 10, we have V0 = 10 − t =⇒ VI = 9 − t. VI (t) is plotted as


below.
7
vI

−1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t

Page 6
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 7 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

4. For the circuit given in Figure 6, answer the following.

4 Ohm

120 V rms +
j16 Ohm 12 Ohm
_
60 Hz

Figure 6: Figure for Problem 4

2 (a) Find the power factor at which the voltage source in the circuit is operating.

120
Solution: Current through the source Is = j192 = 9.214∠ − 26.25◦ A rms.
4+ 12+j16
Therefore power factor, PF= cos 26.25 = 0.8969.

2 (b) Find the average power being supplied by the source.

Solution: Average power supplied by the source =120 × 9.214 × 0.8969 = 991.7
W.

2 (c) What value of the capacitor should be placed in parallel with the source to cause its power
factor to be unity?

Solution: Impedance as seen by the source (inductive)


j192
ZL = 4 + = 4 + 7.68 + j5.76
12 + j16
= 11.68 + j5.76Ω
11.68−j5.76
∴ We have YL = 11.68 2 +5.762 . To have power factor of unity, we need the capacitive
load to cancel the imaginary part of YL . Thus we have at f=60 Hz, the following
condition
j5.76
j120πC =
11.682 + 5.762
Thus we have C = 90.09 µF

Solution:

Page 7
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 8 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

4 5. For the circuit given in Figure 7, sketch the steady state capacitor voltage as a function of time,
when the input is a symmetrical, zero average, square wave of frequency 500 Hz and peak-to-
peak voltage of 10 V. Find out the positive & negative peak values of the output waveform.
Assume the diodes to be ideal.

R2 D2

1k Ohm
R1 D1

+ 1k Ohm +
-6
Vin 10 F C Vout
_
_

Figure 7: Figure for Problem 5

Solution:

Solution: Under steady state condition, the voltage across the capacitor will be symmet-
ric around the x-axis (as charging and discharging time constant are same).
During positive cycle, diode D1 is on and D2 is off, and the time constant of the circuit is
given by 103 × 10−6 = 1 ms. (1 point)
Frequency of the square wave is 500 Hz, or the time period is given by 2 ms.
During negative cycle, diode D1 is off and D2 is on, the time constant of the circuit is
given by 103 × 10−6 = 1 ms. (1 point)
Let the positive peak (under steady state conditions) is given by V ′ , then we have negative
peak given by −V ′ . Let the voltage across the capacitor at some time t0 be given by
vC (t+ ′
0 ) = V , and vC (∞) = −5 V , then we have at time t = t0 + 1 ms

 −(t−t0 )
vC (t) = vC (∞) + vC (t+

0 ) − vC (∞) e
τ

= −5 + (V ′ + 5)e−1
−V ′ = −5 + (V ′ + 5)e−1
5 − 5e−1
or V ′ = = 2.31 V
1 + e−1

The plot of capacitor’s voltage is shown in the following Figure.

Page 8
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 9 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

5
4
3
2.31
2
1
Vc(t)

0
−1
−2
−2.31
−3
−4

Page 9
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 10 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

6. For the circuit shown in Figure 8, calculate V0 for the following inputs
2 (a) VI = −8 V
2 (b) VI = 0 V
2 (c) VI = 8 V
All diodes exhibit a 0.7 V drop when conducting, but have negligible resistance.

+1 V

1k Ohm

D1
3k Ohm
VI VO

D2

D3 1k Ohm

-2 V -2 V

Figure 8: Figure for Problem 6

Solution:
(a) When VI = −8 V , D1 is off and D2 and D3 are conducting. The drop across the
diode D3 will be 0.7 V, so the current flowing through the 1 kΩ resistor parallel
V
to D3 will be 0.7
1 kΩ = 0.7 mA. The drop across the diode D2 = 0.7 V . So,
V0 = −2 − 0.7 − 0.7V = −3.4 V . The current through the 3 kΩ resistor and D2
V
diode is given by −3.4+8
3 kΩ = 1.533 mA. Therefore the current through the diode
D3 is given by 1.533 − 0.7 mA = 0.833 mA.

(b) When VI = 0 V , all the three diodes D1 , D2 and D3 are off. So, V0 = 0 V , and no
current flows through the diode D3 .

(c) When VI = 8 V , D1 is on and D2 and D3 are off. So, no current flows through
the diode D3 . Drop across the diode D1 = 0.7 V. The current through diode D1
V
and the resistors 3 kΩ and 1 kΩ is given by 8−0.7−1
4 kΩ = 1.575 mA. Therefore
V0 = 1 + 1.575 + 0.7 = 3.275 V .

Solution:

Page 10
ESc201A Midsem Exam (40), Page 11 of 11 18 Sept. 2017

3 7. Determine the voltage gain vo /vs and current gain io /is of the amplifier shown below on the
left for the transistor model shown below on the right.

1 kΩ
vo
+ +

vs 2 kΩ vi 1 kΩ 0.1vi 20 kΩ vo

is io − −

Solution: The equivalent circuit becomes

So we have that vi = vs /2.


2×20
Likewise, it can be seen that vo = −0.1vi × 2+20 × 103 = −181.8vi .
Therefore the voltage gain vo /vs = −90.9.
The current is = −vs /2k while io = vo /2k so that the current gain is io /is = −vo /vs =
90.9.

Page 11

S-ar putea să vă placă și