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Protection Settings Report Reference: 240115-001
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Project 240115-001 File OSPS Protection Settings Report Rev 0.docx 1 August 2014 Revision 0
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Fault data 1
2.1 Introduction 1
2.2 Model input and assumption 1
2.3 Fault Study Results 1
3 Protection grading 1
3.1 Overcurrent 1
3.2 Earth fault 1
4 Protection settings 1
4.1 Gas engine generator sets 1, 2 and 3 1
4.2 11 kV feeder to Gas Turbine A 8
4.3 11 kV feeder to the 11/22 kV transformer 10
4.4 11 kV Incoming feeders No.1 and No.2 12
4.5 11/0.433 kV Station Transformers No.1 and No.2 13
4.6 11 kV Earthing Transformers No.1 and No.2 15
4.7 11 kV bus tie circuit breaker 17
4.8 11 kV Busbar protection 18
Appendices
Appendix A
Relay logic diagrams
Project 240115-001 File OSPS Protection Settings Report Rev 0.docx 1 August 2014 Revision 0 Page i
1 Introduction
In 2013 Aurecon was engaged by Power and Water Corporation (PWC) to carry out an assessment of
the existing protection system at Owen Springs Power Station (OSPS). At the completion of the
assessment Aurecon produced a report which identified the deficiencies regarding the existing
protection settings, relay logic diagrams, relay configuration files and protection tripping arrangement.
A second commission was received from PWC in 2014 for the production of new relay logic diagrams,
relay settings, relay configuration files and design of circuitry modifications in order to implement the
recommendations included in Aurecon’s report “Owen Springs Power Station – Protection Settings
and Logic Review” dated 30 August 2013.
This new report presents the protection settings recommended for all the relays associated with the
OSPS 11 kV Switchboard and also includes the new logic diagram drawings in Appendix A.
2 Fault data
2.1 Introduction
The system was modelled using Paladin Design Base 5.0 power system analysis software to
determine prospective fault level at different locations under representative fault scenarios. These fault
scenarios identify the prospective short circuit current that each piece of equipment is required to
withstand and determine discrimination with other relays and circuit breakers.
Typical X/R ratio has been used for 11kV/415V transformer as per AS3851
Typical X/R ratio has been used for 11kV/22kV transformer as per AS3851
Typical X/R ratio has been used for 66kV/11kV transformer as per AS3851
Both station 11kV/415V transformers are energised at all times as per AS3851
Xd modified so steady state fault contribution from generators decays to 300% FLC due to AVR
action
Fault scenario 1 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
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Fault scenario 2 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 3 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 4 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 5 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 6 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 7 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV
transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 8 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV
transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 9 – single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, 415V bus tie open, both earthing transformers
connected, with all generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
Fault scenario 10 – single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, one earthing transformer connected, with all
generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
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Fault scenario 1 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1 66/11kV transformer 2
Total current fault G1 contribution G2 contribution G3 contribution GTA contribution
Fault contribution contribution
location 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
11kV
22977 19498 16141 4944 3922 3058 4945 3923 3058 4938 3918 3055 2182 1766 999 2962 2964 2968 3006 3005 3003
Bus A
Fault scenario 2 – 3 phase fault on 11kV Bus A with Gen 1 and Gen OSA in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1
Total current fault G1 contribution GTA contribution
Fault contribution
location 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
11kV
12048 10647 9175 4944 3922 3058 1987 1607 999 5117 5118 5118
Bus A
Fault scenario 3 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1 66/11kV transformer 2
Total current fault G1 contribution G2 contribution G3 contribution GTA contribution 66kV grid contribution
contribution contribution
Fault
(at 66kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 66kV) (at 66kV) (at 66kV)
location
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
66kV
2998 2722 2515 3363 2855 2387 3364 2855 2387 3364 2855 2387 1487 1287 780 1192 1192 1192 900 762 659 906 768 664
Bus
Fault scenario 4 – 3 phase fault on 66kV Bus, with Gen 1 and GT A in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1
Total current fault G1 contribution GTA contribution 66kV grid contribution
contribution
Fault
(at 66kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 66kV) (at 66kV)
location
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
66kV
2000 1882 1745 3363 2855 2500 1487 1287 817 1192 1192 1192 808 690 553
Bus
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Fault scenario 5 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1 66/11kV transformer 2
Total current fault G1 contribution G2 contribution G3 contribution GTA contribution
contribution contribution
Fault
location (at 22kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
22kV
3518 3233 2856 1495 1326 1167 1495 1326 1167 1493 1324 1166 660 597 318 940 940 940 953 953 953
Bus
Fault scenario 6 – 3 phase fault on 22kV Bus, with Gen 1 and GT A in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1
Total current fault G1 contribution GTA contribution
contribution
Fault
location (at 22kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 66kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
22kV
2262 2146 1927 1495 1326 1167 660 597 318 2369 2369 2369
Bus
Fault scenario 7 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with all generators in service, two 66/11kV transformers connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1 66/11kV transformer 2
Total current fault G1 contribution G2 contribution G3 contribution GTA contribution
contribution contribution
Fault
location (at 415V) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
415V
28043 26533 25154 222 205 197 222 205 197 222 205 197 98 92 64 146 146 146 148 148 148
Bus A
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Fault scenario 8 – 3 phase fault on 415V Bus A, with Gen 1 and GT A in service, 66/11kV transformer 1 connected and 11kV bus tie closed
66/11kV transformer 1
Total current fault G1 contribution GTA contribution
contribution
Fault
location (at 415V) (at 11kV) (at 11kV) (at 11kV)
1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30 1/2 3 30
cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles cycle cycles cycles
415V
26828 26633 26322 393 348 330 174 157 108 449 500 555
Bus A
Fault scenario 9 – single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, 415V bus tie open, both earthing transformers connected, with all generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
Earthing Earthing
Fault Total current GTA
Transformer 1 Transformer 2
location fault contribution
contribution contribution
11kV
1758 722 734 302
Bus A
Fault scenario 10 – Single phase fault on 11kV Bus A, one earthing transformer connected, with all generators in service, and 11kV bus tie closed
Earthing
Fault Total current GTA
Transformer 1
location fault contribution
contribution
11kV
1048 739 309
Bus A
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3 Protection grading
Settings for the overcurrent and earth fault protection were selected in order to achieve correct
discrimination for 11 kV faults. This will ensure that when a fault occurs, only the relay nearest to the
fault will operate.
3.1 Overcurrent
For an 11 kV phase-phase fault, the currents will be supplied by the gas turbine and gas engine
generator sets and also by the 66/11 kV transformers. For example, if the fault is located on the 11 kV
cable connecting Station transformer no.1 to the 11 kV station switchboard, the proposed settings will
achieve the following operating times.
It should be noted that the earthing transformer earth fault protection will trip all the circuit breakers
connected to the 11 kV busbar section associated with the respective earthing transformer.
4 Protection settings
4.1 Gas engine generator sets 1, 2 and 3
Each gas engine generator is protected by a GE G60 relay. The protection functions provided by the
GE G60 relay and the proposed settings are listed below.
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A pickup setting of 10% was selected (that is 80 A CT primary current) which provides adequate
protection sensitivity considering that the earth fault current is limited to 756 A when only one earthing
transformer is connected to the Station 11 kV Switchboard. The differential characteristic slope 1 was
set to 10% in order to allow for CT and relay errors when the generator operates at its maximum
current level. The differential characteristic slope 2 was set to 80% as recommended by the relay
instruction manual in order to ensure stability under heavy external fault conditions that could lead to
high differential currents as a result of CT saturation.
The following settings are proposed for the differential protection:
Slope 1 10%
Slope 2 80%
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4.1.3 Reverse power
Motoring of generators occurs when the energy supply to the prime mover is cut off while the
generator is still on line. The motoring power of a gas engine is estimated to have a minimum value of
10% of the rated power. The first reverse power element trips the generator circuit breaker and is set
to 50% of the motoring power. A time delay of 10 seconds is applied to prevent operation during
power swings caused by system disturbances or synchronising. The second reverse power element
has a more sensitive setting and is used for alarming only.
The following settings are proposed for reverse power protection.
T=
In the absence of generator manufacturer’s data, a typical value of 20 was used for the K constant.
Similarly, the maximum continuous negative sequence current ( I rating was assumed to be 8% of
the generator nominal current.
The following settings are proposed for the generator unbalance protection:
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4.1.5 Volts per Hertz
Overexcitation (Volts per Hertz) is used to protect generators and transformers from excessive
magnetic flux density levels which can result from overvoltage, underfrequency or a combination of
both. ANSI/IEEE Standard C50.13-1989 states that the Volts/Hertz limit for generators is 1.05 pu while
IEEE Tutorial (95 TP 102) on the Protection of Synchronous Generators provides guidelines for setting
the V/Hz protection. In line with the IEEE tutorial a dual level V/HZ protection is proposed using both
an inverse time stage and a definite time stage. The following settings are proposed for the V/Hz
protection.
4.1.7 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the voltages on the two sides of the generator CB
are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
proposed for the synchrocheck element.
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4.1.8 Circuit breaker fail
The circuit breaker fail (CBF) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE G60 relay elements
or by the Bus Zone relay. The CBF element monitors the currents in each phase and compares the
current values with the CBF overcurrent setting. If the measured currents exceed the pickup setting
when the CBF timer has expired a CBF trip is issued. The following settings are proposed for the CBF
protection element.
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4.1.12 Voltage protection
Voltage protection settings were selected based on the requirements detailed in PWC Network
Connection Technical Code. According to this document, a generating unit shall be capable of
continuous uninterrupted operation at voltages between 90% and 110% of nominal voltage. In addition
to this, the generator shall withstand the voltage dip produced by a network fault which causes the
voltage to drop to zero for 1 second followed by a period of ten seconds where voltage may vary in the
range 80% - 100% of the nominal voltage. It should be noted that the settings selected for the voltage
protection cannot completely satisfy the requirements of the PWC Network Connection Technical
Code since the GE G60 relay only has one stage overvoltage element and dual stage undervoltage
element. The following settings are proposed for the voltage protection.
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4.1.13 Frequency protection
Frequency protection settings were selected based on the requirements detailed in PWC Network
Connection Technical Code. According to this document, the generator minimum duration of operation
at frequencies in the ranges 47 to 49.5 Hz and 50.5 to 51.5 Hz shall comply with ANSI/IEEE Std
C37.106-1987 and the minimum duration of operation at frequencies in the range 51.5 to 52 Hz should
be 1 minute. In the case of operation below 47 Hz but above 45 Hz the generator shall remain
connected for at least 2 seconds. It should be noted that the maximum time delay available for the GE
G60 frequency elements is 65 seconds. Therefore, for frequencies between 47.8 – 49.4 Hz and
50.6 - 51.4 Hz which require much longer operating times than the maximum time delay available for
the GE G60 relay, the relay was programmed to provide an alarm rather than a trip. The following
settings are proposed for the frequency protection:
Overfreq 1 Trip
Overfreq 2 Trip
Overfreq 3 Alarm
Underfreq 1 Trip
Underfreq 2 Trip
Underfreq 3 Trip
Underfreq 4 Trip
Underfreq 5 Alarm
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4.2 11 kV feeder to Gas Turbine A
The 11 kV feeder which connects the 3.9 MW Gas Turbine A (GT A) to the 11 kV Station Switchboard
is protected by a GE G60 relay. GT A generator is separately protected by a dedicated protection
relay and generator circuit breaker. The function of the GE G60 relay is to provide primary protection
for faults on the 11 kV cable which connects GT A circuit breaker to the Station Switchboard, and
back-up protection during GT A fault current contribution to 11 kV system faults. The protection
functions provided by the GE G60 relay and the proposed settings are listed below.
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4.2.3 Neutral time overcurrent
The neutral point of the GT A generator is earthed via an earthing resistor which limits the generator
fault contribution to 300 A for an 11 kV phase to earth fault. The neutral time overcurrent element, also
known as time delayed earth fault, will detect earth faults anywhere on the 11 kV system and therefore
should ensure grading with the high set earth fault relays which are closer to the fault location. The
IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for the time delayed earth fault and the
pickup was set to 10% of the CT rated primary current, that is 80 A primary.
The time multiplier was selected so that for phase to earth faults on the 11 kV system the relay
operating time is 1 second which will ensure coordination with the primary protection of each item of
plant connected to the 11 kV system. The following settings are proposed for the neutral time
overcurrent element.
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4.2.6 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the voltages on the bus and line sides of the
breaker are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
proposed for the synchrocheck element.
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4.3.3 Neutral time overcurrent
The IEC Standard Inverse operating characteristic was selected for the time delayed earth fault and
the pickup was set to 10% of the CT rated primary current, that is 80 A primary. The time multiplier
was set to 0.1 since no discrimination is required with the PMR for 22 kV phase to earth faults. The
following settings are proposed for the time delayed earth fault protection.
4.3.6 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the voltages on the bus and line sides of the
breaker are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
proposed for the synchrocheck element:
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4.4 11 kV Incoming feeders No.1 and No.2
The 11 kV incoming feeders 1 and 2 connect the Station 11 kV Switchboard to the Power Networks
66 kV system via two 45 MVA 66/11 kV transformers. Each transformer is protected by duplicated
differential protection which is not assessed under this protection review.
Each 11 kV incomer is equipped with a GE SR750 relay and the proposed protection functions and
settings for this relay are listed below:
Phase TOC 2 Time multiplier 8 ( for DT curves TM=8 achieves 0.8 sec)
Neutral TOC 1 Time multiplier 1 ( for DT curves TM=1 achieves t=0.1 sec )
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4.4.3 Circuit breaker fail
The circuit breaker fail (CBF) element is initiated when a trip is issued by the GE SR750 relay
elements or by the Bus Zone relay. The CBF element monitors the currents in each phase and
compares the current values with the CBF overcurrent setting. If the measured currents exceed the
pickup setting when the CBF timer has expired a CBF trip is issued. The following settings are
proposed for the CBF protection element.
4.4.4 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the voltages on the bus and line sides of the
breaker are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
proposed for the synchrocheck element.
Dead Source DL x DB
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4.5.2 Phase instantaneous overcurrent
The phase instantaneous overcurrent element should operate only for phase-phase faults in the 11 kV
cable or in the transformer 11 kV winding. Therefore the pick-up for this element was set above the
maximum through fault current which will be seen by the relay for a LV phase-phase fault. The pick-up
was also set above the transformer magnetizing inrush current so that it prevents nuisance tripping
when the transformer is energized. The following settings are proposed for the phase instantaneous
overcurrent protection.
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4.5.6 Bus undervoltage
The GE SR750 relay monitors the 11 kV bus voltage in order to detect loss of power to the Station
Switchboard and start the standby LV generator. The following settings are proposed for the
undervoltage element.
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4.6.3 GE SR750 – Phase instantaneous overcurrent
The high set overcurrent element was set to provide fast protection operation for phase-phase faults
which exceed ten times the pick-up of the time delayed overcurrent element, that is 3200A. The
following settings are proposed for the phase instantaneous overcurrent protection.
Neutral TOC 1 Time multiplier 15 (for DT curves TM=15 achieves t=1.5 sec)
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4.7 11 kV bus tie circuit breaker
The bus tie circuit breaker is fitted with GE SR750 relay. The protection functions provided by the
SR750 relay and the proposed settings are listed below.
Phase TOC 1 Time multiplier 3 (for DT curves TM=3 achieves t=0.3 sec)
Neutral TOC 1 Time multiplier 5 (for DT curves TM=5 achieves t=0.5 sec)
The following settings are proposed for the CBF protection element.
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4.7.4 Synchrocheck
The synchrocheck protection element verifies that the bus voltages on each side of the bus tie breaker
are within set limits of magnitude, angle and frequency differences. The following settings are
proposed for the synchrocheck element.
Dead Source DL x DB
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Appendix A
Relay logic diagrams
Aurecon Australasia Pty Ltd
ABN 54 005 139 873
Aurecon Building
Level 1, 62 Cavenagh Street
Darwin NT 0800
PO Box 919
Darwin NT 0801
Australia
T +61 8 8919 9777
F +61 8 8919 9750
E darwin@aurecongroup.com
W aurecongroup.com