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Functions
Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucus membranes, and
skin. It is also known as retinol because it produces the pigments in the retina of the eye.
Vitamin A promotes good vision, especially in low light. It may also be needed for reproduction and
breastfeeding.
Retinol is an active form of vitamin A. It is found in animal liver, whole milk, and some fortified foods.
Recommended dose
The recommended daily amount of vitamin A is 900 micrograms (mcg) for adult men and 700
mcg for adult women.
Toxicity
The acute toxic dose of vitaminA is 25,000 IU/kg, and the chronic toxic dose is 4000 IU/kg
every day for 6-15 months.
2. There are 14 known side effects for amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox). These are:
allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or
tongue
breathing problems
dark urine
redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the
mouth
diarrhea
stomach upset
headache
dizziness
trouble sleeping
seizures
unusually weak or tired
unusual bleeding or bruising
yellowing of the eyes or skin
trouble passing urine, or a decrease in the quantity of urine
The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.
3. Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotic) that inhibits one or more enzymes (often
referred to as penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs) in the biosynthetic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan, which is
an integral structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis leads to
weakening of the cell wall, which is usually followed by cell lysis and death.
Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam structurally related to penicillins. It inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes
thereby preventing inactivation of amoxicillin. Clavulanic acid alone does not exert a clinically useful
antibacterial effect.