Vitamin A

Functions

Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucus membranes, and
skin. It is also known as retinol because it produces the pigments in the retina of the eye.
Vitamin A promotes good vision, especially in low light. It may also be needed for reproduction and
breastfeeding.

Retinol is an active form of vitamin A. It is found in animal liver, whole milk, and some fortified foods.

Recommended dose

The recommended daily amount of vitamin A is 900 micrograms (mcg) for adult men and 700
mcg for adult women.

Toxicity

The acute toxic dose of vitaminA is 25,000 IU/kg, and the chronic toxic dose is 4000 IU/kg
every day for 6-15 months.

2. There are 14 known side effects for amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox). These are:

 allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or
tongue
 breathing problems
 dark urine
 redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the
mouth
 diarrhea
 stomach upset
 headache
 dizziness
 trouble sleeping
 seizures
 unusually weak or tired
 unusual bleeding or bruising
 yellowing of the eyes or skin
 trouble passing urine, or a decrease in the quantity of urine

The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.

3. Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotic) that inhibits one or more enzymes (often
referred to as penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs) in the biosynthetic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan, which is
an integral structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis leads to
weakening of the cell wall, which is usually followed by cell lysis and death.
Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam structurally related to penicillins. It inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes
thereby preventing inactivation of amoxicillin. Clavulanic acid alone does not exert a clinically useful
antibacterial effect.