Signals and Systems

Properties of Convolution

x(n) *  (n)   x(n) (n  k )
k  
 x(n)


x(n) *  (n  n0 )   x(n) (n  n
k  
0  k)
 x(n  n0 )
x(n) *  (n  n0 )  x(n  n0 )

x(n) * h(n)  h(n) * x(n)

Properties of Convolution-Example
Time domain convolution Frequency domain Multiplication
Time domain multiplication Frequency domain Convolution

Modulation
X
Output Signal z(t)=x(t)y(t)
Input --x(t)
Sinusoidal Signal
Freq. Domain
y(t) Y(ω)
X(ω)

-F1 0 F1 -F0 0 F0

Z(ω)

-F0 0 F0
Properties of Convolution-Example
Time domain convolution Frequency domain Multiplication
Time domain multiplication Frequency domain Convolution

Input --x(t) Sampling

X
Freq. Domain Output Signal z(t)=x(t)y(t)
X(ω) y(t)

Y(ω)
-F1 0 F1

-2F0 -F0 0 F0 2F0

Z(ω)

-2F0 -F0-F1 -F0 -F0+F1 -F1 0 F1 F0-F1 F0 F0+F1 2F0

Properties of Convolution

x(n) *[h1 (n)  h2 (n)]  x(n) * h1 (n)  x(n) * h2 (n)

x(n) h(n)=h1(n)+h2(n) y(n)

h1(n)

x(n) + y(n)

h2(n)
Properties of Convolution

[ x(n) * h1 (n)] * h2 (n)]  x(n) *[h1 (n) * h2 (n)]

x(n) h1(n) h2(n) y(n)

x(n) h(n)=h1(n)*h2(n) y(n)

Properties of Convolution-Example
h2(n)

x(n) h1(n) + y(n)

h3(n)

h1 (n)  u(n  2), h2 (n)  nu(n), h3 (n)   (n  2)

h(n)  h1 (n) *[h2 (n)  h3 (n)]
h(n)  u(n  2) *[nu(n)   (n  2)]
h(n)  u(n  2) * nu(n)  u(n  4)


 ku(k )u(n  2  k )   ku(n  2  k )


u (n  2) * nu (n) 
k 0
k   n2
 k
1
 (n  2)(n  1), n  2
k 0 2
Properties of Convolution-Example
h1(n)

+ y(n)
h3(n)

x(n) h2(n) +

h4(n)

1
h1 ( n)   ( n)   ( n  1),
2
1 1
h2 ( n)   ( n)   ( n  1),
2 4
h3 ( n)  2 ( n)
n
1
h4 ( n)  2  u ( n)
2
 System Stability

We can express mathematically stability as,

|x(n)| ≤ Mx<∞------- bounded input, - ∞< n< ∞

|y(n)| ≤ My<∞------- bounded output, - ∞< n< ∞

Where, Mx and My have some finite values.