ESC201A

Introducton to Electronics

G Rajshekhar
Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
 Acknowledgements
• Prof. Baquer Mazhari, EE department
• Prof. A. R. Harish, EE department
• Prof. S.S.K. Iyer, EE Department
• Prof. Yogesh Singh Chauhan, EE Department
• Prof. A. Banerjee, EE department
• Prof. K. V. Srivastava, EE Department
• Prof. Pradeek Kumar, EE Department
• Prof. Shilpi Gupta, EE Department
• Prof. Ketan Rajawat, EE Department

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 Modern world has been and is being rapidly transformed by ELECTRONICS

Essental Ingredient is …

Electricity

Electronics offers capabilities that can be exploited by almost all engineering

branches
Why has Electronics Revolutonized
our lives?
• Every acton requires energy and Electricity is
one of the most useful forms of energy

• It is easy to generate, easy to transport, can be

easily converted into other forms of energy

• It can be precisely Controlled

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 Revoluton?
• Add an electrical sub-system

Mechanical/Chemical System

Electrical System
 Example

wikipedia wikipedia asme.org

Pre-industrial era 1853 Now!

System: Mechanical
Lif/elevator used by us Source of Energy: Electrical
Controlling System: Electronics
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Aircraf Control
Fly-by-wire
Electronics and Health
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Performance Enhancement?
Example: Hair cells

Nature 413, 194-202(13 September 2001)

Hearing aid

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 Course Objectives

Introduce you to the broad area of
electronics

Analyze and design electronic circuits

Gain hands on experience in building and
analyzing electronic circuits in the
laboratory
 Topics to be Covered…
Topics Number of
Lectures
Circuit Analysis Techniques 5
Nodal, Mesh, Superpositon, Thevenin, Norton
Transient Analysis of RL and RC Circuits 2
Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 3
Transfer Functon and Frequency Response 2

Reference Book:

Engineering Circuit Analysis by W. Hayt, J. E. Kemmerly

and S. M. Durbin, TATA McGraw Hill
 Topics to be Covered …
Topics Number of
Lectures
Semiconductors, Diodes and diode Circuits 4
Transistors and Amplifers 4
Operatonal Amplifers and waveform 5
Generaton

Reference Book:

• Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory by R. Boylestad

and L. Nashelsky, Prentice Hall of India
• Microelectronics Circuits, by Sedra/Smith, 5th edition,
Oxford University Press
• Microelectronics by Millman, Grabel, 2nd edition, Tata
McGraw Hill.
 Topics to be Covered …
Topic Number of
Lectures
Numbering system, logic gates, Combinatonal 4
circuits
Flip-fops, Sequental Circuit Design 5
Data Converters 3

Reference Books:

Digital Design by Mano, Ciletti, 4th edition, Pearson

Digital Principles and Applications, by Leach, Malvino, 5th edition,

Tata McGraw Hilll.
 Course Schedule
Venue Days Time
Lectures L20 Mon, Wed, Thu 5 to 6 pm
Tutorial T103-112, T201, T208 Tue
Laboratory CL 102/105 Mon, Tue, Wed, 2 to 5 pm
Core Labs Fri

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CL 102B

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 Tutorials
 Homework Assignment sheets will be given every week.
 For proper learning it is expected that you would atempt to
solve all the problems prior to tutorial.
 You are not required to submit homework solutons.
 During the first i 1i0i i minsuiteis i o f i tnei i tuito rnlt, you would be
asked to solve a problem related to the homework
assignment, which will be graded and used in tutorial
assessment.
 Solutons to homework assignments will be discussed during
tutorials.
 Solutons will also be posted on ESc201 website.
 Website

http://www.iitk.ac.in/esc201/index.html
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 Instructors
Instructor: Dr. G Rajshekhar
Office: ACES-325B
Phone: 6477
Email: gshekhar@iitk.ac.in

Lab Instructor: Dr. K. S. Venkatesh

Office: ACES 207
Phone: 7468
Email: venkats@iitk.ac.in
 Marks Distributon
S.No. Descripton Marks
1. Tutorial mini-quizzes (10-minutes) 20 marks
2. Three major-quizzes (45 minutes 30 marks
each, Best two considered)
3. One Mid-Semester Examinaton 40 marks
4. One End-Semester Examinaton 70 marks
5. One Laboratory Examinaton 20 marks
6. Weekly Laboratory Performance 20 marks
Total 200 marks

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 Laboratory Schedule
S.No. Day of the week Sectons

1. Monday M1, M2, M3

2. Tuesday T1, T2, T3

3. Wednesday W1, W2, W3

4. Friday F1, F2, F3

You will come to know about your sections soon.

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Policy Regarding Missed Examinations/Laboratory Sessions
If you miss an examination due to approved medical leave or you have
your leave approved by the competent authority at IIT Kanpur, following
policy will be applied.

 Missed mini-quizzes (10 minutes): No make-up examination.

 Missed major Quiz-1/Quiz-2/Quiz-3: No make-up examination.
 Missed lab examination: No make-up examination

 Missed End-semester examination: You will be allowed to take the

make-up examination subject to Institute guidelines. It is your
responsibility to contact the instructor (Dr. G Rajshekhar, e-mail:
gshekhar@iitk.ac.in) for the make-up examination. If you fail to appear
in the make-up examination, you will be awarded zero marks.

 Missed Laboratory sessions: You will be allowed to complete the

experiment in the designated make-up laboratory sessions. However,
if you do not appear in the makeup laboratory sessions, you will be
awarded zero marks for that experiment.
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No tutorial and No lab next week (Jan 8-12, 2018)

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Circuit Fundamentals

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 Concepts
• Charge, Current, Voltage, Power, and Energy
• Ohm’s Law
• KCL
• KVL

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Electrical Current

The time rate of flow of electrical charge

– The units are amperes (A), which are equivalent to

coulombs per second (C/s)

André-Marie Ampère
1775-1836
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Flow of electrons through a wire or other electrical conductor
gives rise to current

• Electrons are negatively charged particles

The charge per electron is -1.602×10-19 C

1016 electrons flow per second

How much current flows?

Q  1.6 10 19 1016

I   1.6 10 3 A
t 1 34
Current has a magnitude and a direction
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1016 electrons flow per second

Direction of current flow is opposite to direction of electron

flow

Large number of electrons have to flow for appreciable current

Exercise 1: For q(t) = 2 - 2e-100t, t > 0 and q(t) = 0 for t < 0,

find i(t)
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Direct Current (DC) & Alternating Current (AC)
When current is constant with time, we say that we have
direct current, abbreviated as DC.

On the other hand, a current that varies with time, reversing direction
periodically, is called alternating current, abbreviated as AC
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Voltage
Voltage difference is a Source of current flow

Units of Voltage: Volts (V)

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio

Anastasio Volta 1745-1827

12V
12V

0V
12V
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Voltage Sources

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DC and AC voltages

V  V 12V

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Electrical Systems are made of Voltage sources, wires and a
variety of electrical elements

Resistor Capacitor Inductor

Diode
Transistor
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Transformer
Current flows in a loop

Electrical systems are called electrical circuits

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Electrical Circuit

Connection of several circuit elements in closed paths by

conductors

Before we learn how to analyze and design circuits, we must

become familiar with some basic circuit elements.
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