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A. PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT:
UNIT 9:
A. Grammar: Defining relative clauses and non- defining relative clauses
1. Defining relative clauses: Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định
- Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định được sử dụng với tất cả đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ (who, whom, which, that, whose,
where, when, why)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì tiền ngữ (danh từ đi trước đại từ hay trạng từ quan hệ)
chưa xác định), không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
Ex: - I wanted to talk to the boy who help me on the bus yesterday
- The city where I was born is very famous for sugar.
2. Non-defining relative clauses: Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định
- Bổ sung thông tin phụ cho danh từ đứng trước, có thể bỏ mệnh đề này đi được
Ex: My friend John (,who went to the same school as me,) has just written a best- selling novel
-Thường được cách với mệnh đề chính bằng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy
Ex: My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best- selling novel
- Thường bổ nghĩa cho các danh từ chỉ tên người (Peter), tên thành phố (New York), tên đất nước (Japan); các
danh từ có đại từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those; tính từ sở hữu: my, her, his, our,…, Mai’s, Mary’s,….
Ex: My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best- selling novel
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định có thể bắt đầu bằng: all of/ many of + relative pronoun
Ex: There were a lot of people at the party, many of whom I had known for years
- Không dùng “ that” để thay thể cho “who”, “whom”, “which” trong mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định
Ex: My friend John, that went to the same school as me, has just written a best- selling novel àsai
B. Practice:
Exercise 1: Fill in each gap with a suitable relative pronoun or adverb: which, that, whose, whom, who,
where, when, why.
1. The woman_________ gave him the money was young.
2. The bag __________ contained the money was yellow.
3. The people___________ were in the bank were very frightened.
4. I’m reading the book_________ I bought in London in 1996.
5. A woman __________ daughter was crying tried to calm her.
6. I recently went back to the village____________ I grew up.
7. John was unwilling to explain the reason__________ his absence.
8. We’re going to London, ___________ is famous for Big Ben.
9. Sunday is the day____________ we usually go fishing.
10. The house___________ Shakespeare was born in is now open to the public.
Exercise 2: Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun. Use commas if necessary.
1. I’d like you to meet Mr. Stanley. His son won the championship.
à………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………..
2.This is a photo of my hometown. It lies along the coast.
à……………………………………………………………...………………………………………………….
3. The woman was very angry. She shouted at me.
à………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………….…
4. The boy is interested in art. He lives next to my house.
à………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………….…
5. The Mekong River is a great source of seafood. It flows through the South of the country.
à………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……
6. Our teacher is one of the best teachers in the school. You met her yesterday.
à………………………………………………..……………………………………………………..…………
UNIT 10:
A. Grammar: Relative pronouns with Prepositions:
- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, động từ thường có giới từ theo sau
Lưu hành nội bộ 1
TRƯỜNG THPT PHẠM PHÚ THỨ ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKII- TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11
Ex: -This is the house which/ that I told you about
- The friend whom/ that I was traveling with spoke German
- Giới từ còn có thể đứng trước hai đại từ quan hệ whom và which (không đứng trước bất kỳ đại từ quan hệ nào
khác)
Ex: This is the house about which I told you
The friend with whom I was traveling spoke German
- Khi giới từ đứng trước whom, which; ta không thể dùng that để thay thế cho whom, which
B. Practice:
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the suitable relative pronouns.
1. He works for a company about_________ I know nothing.
2. The girl to _________ you want to send this book has moved to a new house.
3. The picture in_________ Tom has signed is very deeply.
4. That is the person about ________ I told you.
5. I know that old man to __________ people are listening.
6. I don’t know the name of the woman to ______ I spoke on the phone.
7. The project about ______ the students kept talking was done last week.
Exercise 2: Combine the sentences using the relative pronouns with prepositions.
1. The girl is John’s sister. I introduced you to her.
à………………………………………………………………………………..………………….……………
2. The shop is closed. I bought the shoes from it.
à……………………………………………………………………………….…..………………..…………..
3. The man is a good friend of mine. I borrowed the money from him.
à…………………………………………………………………………………....………………...………….
4. The school has been given 50 computers. Haft of them are brand new.
à…………………………………………………………………………………..….………………………….
5. The children are coming back late. Their parents are anxious about them.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
6. Mr. Robinson is very famous. I am lucky to speak to him twice.
à……………………………………………………………………………………….………..……………….
7. Lan’s party is next Sunday evening. We are all invited to it.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 11:
A. Grammar: Relative Clauses Replaced by Participles and To - infinitives
Mệnh đề QH có thể rút gọn bằng các cách sau đây:
1. Rút gọn bằng cách dùng Participle phrase. Có 2 loại Participle phrase
- Present Participle phrase: bắt đầu bằng V-ing
- Past Participle phrase: bắt đầu bằng PP (V-ed/ V3)
a. Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng Present Participle phrase.
Ví dụ: - “The girl is very kind. She lives next door”
→The girl who lives next door is very kind
Relative clause
→The living next door is very kind
Present Participle phrase
b. Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta dùng Past Participle phrase.
Ví dụ: - The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy
→The students punished by the teacher are lazy
LƯU Ý: - Chỉ có MĐ quan hệ có giới hạn mới áp dụng qui tắc rút gọn này. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
thì không được phép lược giản
- Các MĐ quan hệ có giới hạn nhưng có đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ của động từ thì cũng được phép lược giản
bằng cách dùng hiện tại phân từ hay quá khứ phân từ
Lưu hành nội bộ 2
TRƯỜNG THPT PHẠM PHÚ THỨ ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKII- TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11
2. MĐQH có thể rút gọn bằng cách dùng To- infinitives hoặc Infinitive phrase:
a. Dùng sau “the first/ the second……, the next, last, only” và so sánh nhất
Ví dụ: - Brazil is the first team which have won the world cup there consecutive times.
Brazil is the first team to win the world cup there consecutive times
- The first man that we must see is Tom.
The first man to see is Tom.
b. Khi diễn đạt mục đích hoặc sự cho phép.
Ví dụ: - English is an important language which we have to master.
English is an important language to master
B. Practice:
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate participle phrases.
1. The couple who live in the house next door are both architects.
à………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
à………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
3. Students who prepare for their exams usually stay up late at night.
à…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………….
4. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
à…………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………….
5. The projector who teaches Vietnamese Literature is very good.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using to- infinitive.
1. Who was the first person who left the office yesterday?
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Lan was the first person in my class who finished the math problem.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Alice was the second applicant who was interviewed.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Brad was the only person who discovered her secret.
à………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………...
5. Laura was the quickest candidate who found the correct answer.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 12:
A. Grammar: Omission of relative pronouns:
- Khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ, ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ đó đi. Như vậy mệnh đề quan hệ sẽ không có đại từ
quan hệ
Ex: The friend whom/ that I was traveling with spoke German
àThe friend I was traveling with spoke German.
- Nếu đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ, ta không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ đi được
Ex: I want to talk to a boy who helped me on the bus yesterday
àI want to talk to a boy helped me on the bus yesterday (Sai)
B. Practice:
Exercise 1: Combine the two sentences into one, using omission of relative pronouns.
1. The woman was my aunt Laura. You met her yesterday.
à…………………….……..…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The mistake was fortunately not very serious. I made it.
à…………………….…..……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The film was very interesting. I watched it on TV last night.
à……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. The train was full of passengers and goods. We traveled on it.
à………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………
9. The church is 200 years old. Our class visited it.
à……………………………….………………………………………………………………………………
10. Have you found the keys? You lost them.
à……………………………….………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 13:
A. Grammar: Cleft sentences:
Ta có thể dùng cấu trúc It is/ was………who (m)/ that……… để nhấn mạnh phần ta muốn nói bằng cách
đưa phần muốn nhấn mạnh vào giữa It is/ was và who(m)/ that
1. Subject focus: (Nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ)
Form: Subject + V(chính) + Object +….
à It is/ was + Subject + who/ that + V (chính) + Object+….: Chính ai đó làm gì
Ex: The boy visited his uncle last month
àIt was the boy who visited his uncle last month.
2. Object focus: (nhấn mạnh tân ngữ)
Form: Subject + V (chính) + Object +…
à It is/ was + Object + whom/that + Subject + V (chính)+…: Chính ai đó/ một cái gì đó một ai đã làm
Ex: The boy visited his uncle last month
àIt was his uncle that the boy visited last month
3. Adverbial Focus: (Nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ)
Form: Subject + V (chính) + Object + Adverb
à It is/ was + Adverb+ that + Subject + V (chính)+ Object: Chính lúc nào đó/ ở đâu ai đó/ một cái gì đó
làm gì
Ex: The boy visited his uncle last month
àIt was last month that the boy visited his uncle
B. Practice:
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the subject focus of the
sentence:
1. Henry lent me that big sum of money.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Her husband often helps her with the housework.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Chris Columbus made the first Harry Potter film.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The strong wind blew the roof off.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the object focus of the
sentence:
1. The students asked the teacher for his explanation for the problem.
Lưu hành nội bộ 4
TRƯỜNG THPT PHẠM PHÚ THỨ ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKII- TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. We first heard the news from my sister last night.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The young boys and girls admired that film star years ago.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The police arrested the man at the railway station.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I put the letter and some money in the envelope.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the adverbial focus of the
sentence:
1. He bought the book from that corner shop.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The countryside is most spectacular in Spring.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. She had the idea for a Harry Potter book in 1990.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She worked as an English teacher in Portugal.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. They often had parties on weekends.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 15:
A. Grammar: TAG QUESTIONS AND “COULD”, “BE ABLE TO”
1. Tag questions: Câu hỏi đuôi
Câu hỏi đuôi được thành lập như sau:
*Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể khẳng định, ta dung hình thức phủ định: Trợ động từ/ động từ đặc biệt + not + Chủ
ngữ ?
*Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể phủ định, ta dung hình thức khẳng định: trợ động từ/ động từ đặc biêt + Chủ ngữ?
Lưu ý:
+ Chủ ngữ phải là đại từ nhân xưng: I, we, you, they, she, he, it
+ Nếu câu hỏi đuôi ở hình thức phủ định, ta phải dùng hình thức viết tắt: didn’t, isn’t, aren’t, won’t, hasn’t,
haven’t, mustn’t, don’t, doesn’t,…
+ Phần hỏi đuôi của câu phát biểu bắt đầu bằng “Let’s….” là “shall we?”
+ Chúng ta dung đại từ “they” trong câu hỏi đuôi khi chủ từ trong câu nói đi trước là “someone/ somebody,
everyone/ everybody, no one/ nobody”.
+ Chúng ta dung đại từ “it” trong câu hỏi đuôi khi chủ từ trong câu nói trước là “nothing”
+ Ngoài các đại từ nhân xưng, ta có thể dùng “there” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex:
Câu phát biểu Câu hỏi đuôi
He is a good boy, isn’t he?
The girl didn’t come here yesterday, did she?
They will go away, won’t they
She hasn’t left, has she?
Mary likes reading picture books, doesn’t he?
Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
2. “ Could” and “be able to”:
a. Can:
- Được dùng để diễn tả một khả năng một người có được
Ex: I can play the piano very well
- Thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ sự nghe, thấy: hear, see, smell, taste, feel,…
Ex: I can hear someone calling
B. Practice:
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences using “can” or “could” where possible. If “can” or “could” is not
possible, use a form of “be able to”.
1. Nam has been living in England for a year. He____________ speak English very well now.
2. I won’t_____________ complete the report by Friday.
3. When I was younger I_____________ run ten kilometers every morning.
4. You’ll_____________ find a job easily when you finish university.
5. It was very dark but we_____________ see a figure moving in front.
6. How long has Lisa_____________ play the violin?
7. I’m sorry, but I won’t______________ come to the party this weekend.
8. Look! I_____________ lift this chair with one hand.
9. Rachel’s still out of work. She hasn’t_____________ get a job yet.
10. My youngest sister______________ talk when she was 18 months old.
Exercise 2: Add Tags questions to the following statements:
1. You don’t like this program,_____________ ?
2. Let’s have a cup of coffee,___________ ?
3. You’re Richard’s friend,______________ ?
4. I had packed all my belongings before we left,___________?
5. You’ve never come to class late,_______________ ?
6. Everybody can answer this question,____________ ?
7. Nobody was sleeping,___________ ?
8. You didn’t read anything about the space,_____________?
9. You came in a sport car,____________?
10. There aren’t many people here yet,______________?
11. The car does not look nice,______________?
12. It’s quite a big garden,____________ ?
KEYS:
UNIT 9
Exercise 1: Fill in each gap with a suitable relative pronoun or adverb: which, that, whose, whom, who,
where, when, why.
1. who/ that 2. which/ that 3. who/ that 4. which/ that 5. whose 6. where 7. why
8. which 9. when 10. which
Exercise 2: Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun. Use commas if necessary.
1. I’d like you to meet Mr. Stanley, whose son won the championship.
2.This is a photo of my hometown, which lies along the coast.
3. The woman whom she shouted at was very angry.
4. The boy who/ that lives next to my house is interested in art.
5. The Mekong River, which flows through the South of the country, is a great source of seafood.
6. Our teacher, whom you met yesterday, is one of the best teachers in the school.
UNIT 10:
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the suitable relative pronouns.
1. whom 2. whom 3. which 4. whom 5. whom 6. whom 7. which
Exercise 2: Combine the sentences using the relative pronouns with prepositions.
1. The girl to whom I introduced you is John’s sister.
Lưu hành nội bộ 12
TRƯỜNG THPT PHẠM PHÚ THỨ ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKII- TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11
2. The shop from which I bought the shoes is closed.
3. The man from whom I borrowed the money is a good friend of mine.
4. The school has been given 50 computers, haft of which are brand new.
5. The children about whom their parents are anxious are coming back late.
6. Mr. Robinson, to whom I am lucky to speak twice, is very famous.
7. Lan’s party, to which we are all invited, is next Sunday evening.
UNIT 11
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate participle phrases.
1. The couple living in the house next door are both architects.
2. I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
3. Students preparing for their exams usually stay up late at night.
4. The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
5. The projector teaching Vietnamese Literature is very good.
6. The man talking to the teacher is my father.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using to- infinitive.
1. Who was the first person to leave the office yesterday?
2. Lan was the first person in my class to finish the math problem.
3. Alice was the second applicant to be interviewed.
4. Brad was the only person to discover her secret.
5. Laura was the quickest candidate to find the correct answer.
UNIT 12:
Exercise 1: Combine the two sentences into one, using omission of relative pronouns.
1. The woman you met her yesterday was my aunt Laura.
2. The mistake I made was fortunately not very serious.
3. The film I watched on TV last night was very interesting.
4. The doctor I spoke to told me not worry.
5. The birthday party we went to was very noisy.
6. Who was that boy you were with this morning?
7. The jacket Bobs always wears was a gift from his uncle.
8. The train we traveled on was full of passengers and goods.
9. The church our class visited is 200 years old.
10. Have you found the keys you lost?
UNIT 13:
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the subject focus of the
sentence:
1. It was Henry who/ that lent me that big sum of money.
2. It is her husband who/ that often helps her with the housework.
3. It was Chris Columbus who/ that made the first Harry Potter film.
4. It was the dog that grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away
5. It was the strong wind that blew the roof off.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the object focus of the
sentence:
1. It was the teacher that the students asked for his explanation for the problem.
2. It was the news that we first heard from my sister last night.
3. It was that film star that the young boys and girls admired years ago.
4. It was the man that the police arrested at the railway station.
5. It was the letter and some money that I put in the envelope.
UNIT 15:
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences using “can” or “could” where possible. If “can” or “could” is not
possible, use a form of “be able to”.
1. can 2. be able to 3. could 4. be able to 5. could 6. been able to
7. be able to 8. could 9. been able to 10. could
Exercise 2: Add Tags questions to the following statements:
1. do you 2. shall we 3. aren’t you 4. hadn’t I 5. have you 6. can’t they
7. were they 8. did you 9. didn’t you 10. are there 11. does it 12. isn’t it