TUTORIAL

EASY(2 – 4 marks)

1. Discuss how pesticides can affect human health.

2. Explain how the industrial contribute to the degradation of groundwater.

3. Describe human activities that can contribute to the contamination of water resources.

4. Write equations to show the buffering system in seawater.

5. List the four most concentrated metal ions present in seawater.

6. What is the dominant cation in (i) seawater, (ii) hard water?

7. In which of the following steps of the hydrologic cycle is water purified?

(i) Condensation
(ii) Precipitation
(iii) Evaporation
(iv) Transpiration

8. At what temperature does water reach its maximum density? What are the
implications of this property for life in a pond?

MEDIUM(3 – 5 marks)

1. A sample of water contains SO2 (g) at 0.30 ppm. The equilibrium equations are given
below.

SO2 (g) + H2O (l) ⇄ H2SO3 (aq) KH = 1.0 M atm-1

H2SO3 (aq) ⇄ H+ (aq) + HSO3- (aq) Ka = 1.7 x 10-2

Calculate the pH of water.

2. Water of river X contains 0.02 mol/LMgCl2, 0.003 mol/LNa2CO3 and 0.01 mol/LalCl3.
Calculate the ionic strength and activity coefficient of the solution.

3. Calculate the pH of rainwater that contains 2 ppm of SO2.

[ans: 3.73]

4. The concentration of greenhouse gas (CO2) continues to increase in our atmosphere

until it reaches 500 ppm. What effect would this increase have on the pH of rainwater?
[ans: 5.62]
5. Calculate the ionic strength of (a) 0.1M solution of KNO3 and (b) 0.1M solution of
Na2SO4.
[ans: 0.1 M, 0.3 M]
6. Find the ionic strength of:

(i) 0.10 M NaNO3

(ii) 0.010 m Na2SO4
[ans: 0.1 M, 0.03 M]

7. The analysis of dissolve minerals in River Z has found to be contain 0.01 M CaCO3
and 0.12 M NaCl.

(i) Calculate the ionic strength of the river.

(ii) Determine the single ion-acivity of Ca2+.
(iii) Determine the single ion-activity of Ca2+ if the ion size is given as 3.

OTHERS

Based on the article of Huang, Y. F., Ang, S. Y., Lee, K. M., & Lee, T. S. (2015).
Quality of Water Resources in Malaysia – see attachment in i-learn:

1. List out the metals, metalloids, nutrients, sediments and organic chemical that
can reduce the quality of water resources in Malaysia.
2. Proposed any activities or action to maintain the quality of water resources in
Malaysia.