[Type the document title]

PLANNING, ANALYSING.DI-SIGNING AND ITIMATION

OF RBIDHTI'IAL BUIIDING

MINI PROJF£T REPORT SUBMITI'E) IN THE PARTIAL FUILFILLMHHT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE IN

BACHELOR 0F TECHNOLOGY

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING (HABITAT DEVELOPMENT )

BY

MOHAMED PEER THAVOODJI (13209)“)

NYEAR

RURAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE THE GANDHIGRAM RURAL INSTITUTE-

DEEMED UNIVERSITY (FULLY FUNDED BY MHRD) GANDHIGRAM„M 302
DINDIGUL DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

[Type text] Page 1

 [Type the document title]

DECLARATION CERTIFICATE

I submit this mini pmjecl work tilled “PLANNINGANALYSB DESIGN AND

ESTIMATION OF TWO STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING" to Rural
Technology Came. Gaming-am Rural InstituMDU), Gandhignm, Dindigul. in panhl
fulfilmcmof lequimnems for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil
EngineeringHabim Development) and this is my original and independent work crried
out.

I. MOHAMED PEER Tl-lA V000 (13209016)

[Type text] Page 2

 [Type the document title]

[Type text] Page 3

 [Type the document title]

[Type text] Page 4

 [Type the document title]

CONTENTS

S.NO TITLE PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION

2 METHODOLODGY

3 SPECIFICATION

4 CHAPTER I PLANNING

5 CHAPTERII ANALYSIS

6 CHAPTER III DESIGN

7 CHAPTER IV ESTIMATION

8 CHAPTER V MANAGEMENT

9 CHAPTER VI ELECTRIFICATION AND PLUMBING

[Type text] Page 5

 [Type the document title]

[Type text] Page 6

 [Type the document title]

[Type text] Page 7

 [Type the document title]

Introduction
Shelter is one of the basic needs for Habitation. In this project, I have
completed the Planning. Analysis. Design and Estimation of a Residential Building of
(ZBHKl two flats in Chennai. Kuratur (Near Avadt). The Project is completed with
reference to the Indian Standard codes in planning. 1 has used AutoCAD. Revit.
Sweet Home 3D software for Plan. Elevmion, Interior and [interior design is with
reference to National Building Code 2005 completed. Analysis of the stmctum is done
in manual as well as using STAAD Pro Vi8 software. Designing of structural
components are carried out using Indian Standard Code (Given in reference) in Limit
state Method. Estimation is completed by using rates from Schedule of Rana (20l5-
20l6) by Public Work Department. Management of contraction is very much
Important hence we need shelter with good Quality in appreciative cost and time.
Here I have med Critical Path Method as well u PERT Analysis with Probability for
Time and Cost Management (Timeouts Trade off).

[Type text] Page 8

 [Type the document title]

METHODOLDGY

The Methodology Followed For Completing the Mini Project Was Given Below

[Type text] Page 9

 [Type the document title]

SPECIFICATION

l Slab:

A flat piece of concrete. Typically med as a walking surface. But may also serve as a
load

Heating device as in slit homes. It also acts as a beam but thick is less and width is
mole what compare to beam.

Design Consideration:

Among the design function that needs to be taken in consideration for construction of
ground floor slab is

 The provision of a uniform, level surface

 Sufficient strength and stability
 Exclusion of dampness from inside of building
 Thermal insulation (man .45 W/square meter)
 Resistance to file

KCC slits in divided into two:

1. One way slab

2. Two way slit.

One way slab:

When the slab is supported on all the four edges , and when the ratio of the long span
to short span is huge (>2) bending takes place along one the span , such as slab is
known as a one way slab.

[Type text] Page 10

 [Type the document title]

Two way slab:

When the slab is supported on all the four edges, and when the ratio of the long span
to

Short span is small bending takes place along both the span. Such as ski: is known as:
two way slab.

2 BEAMS:

Balm is the horizontal member of a structure. Carrying transverse loads. Bum is

rectangular in cuss-section. Beam any the Floor slit or the roof slab. Beam transfer all
the loads including its self-weight to the column or walls R.C.C. Barn is subjected to
bending moments and sheer. Due to the vertical external load. Bending compresses
the top fibers of the beam and leangle the bottom fibers the strength of R.C.C. beam
depends on the composite action of concrete and steels

4.2.1.2 TYPES OF BEAMS:

 Simply Supported am.

 Fixed Beam. .
 Cantilever Beam.
 Continuous Beam.
 Over hanging Beam.

Simply supported beam:

Simply supported beam supported freely at the two cocks on walls or column. In
actual practice. No bum mu freely on the supports (walk or columns).

[Type text] Page 11

 [Type the document title]

Fixed beam:

Fixed beam both ends of the beam re rigidly fixed into the supports. Also, Main
reinforcement ham and stirrups are provided.

Cantilever beam:

Cantilever beam is fixed in a wall (1' column a one end and the other end is free, it is
called Cantilever beam. It has tension zone in the top side and commission zone in the
beam side.

Continuous beam :

Continuous beam ‟u supported on more than two supports. This beam is more
economical for any span length.

R.C.C. Beams:

 Singly Reinforced Beam

 Doubly Reinforced Beam

4.2.1.3 Type of loading on Bums:

 Concentrated Load.
 Uniformly Distributed boat.
 Uniformly Varying Loads.
 Arbitrary Loading.

3 LINTELS:

Lintel is a horizontal structural member which is placed news: my opening (window,

door, almirah. wardrobes ac.) to support load of masonry coming over it.

[Type text] Page 12

 [Type the document title]

4.3.2.2 FUNCTIONS OF LINTEL:

Lintel is a bean supporting the load of masonry above it which is transmitted to the
adjacent wall portion ova which it is laid. The bearing of lintel the baring of lintel
ham should be the minimum of the following:

(1) l00 mm

(2) Height of lime!

(3)1/10 th to 1/12 th of the span of the lintel

(4)

CLASSIFICATION OF LINTELS:

Lintel is classified into the following types according to the materials used in their
construction:

(1) Timber lintel

(2)Stone lintels

(3)Brick lintels

(4) Reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) lintels

(5)Steel lintels

(1) Timber lintel

These are the oldest types of lintel. At present, they are not used expect in hilly
regions where timber is chiefly available.

(2)Stone lintel

These are commonly used in none masonry. The least thickness of the stone lintel is a
about 75 mm and as thumb rule. Thickness is taken as at least 1 mm per 10 mm length
of the span of opening.

(3)Brick lintels

These lintels are not structurally strong, and they are used only when the opening is
small (less than 1m) and loads are light

The depth of brick lintels varies from l00 mm to 200 mm. depending upon the span.

[Type text] Page 13

 [Type the document title]

(4) Reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) lintels:

These lintels are commonly med time this. They have high rigidity. fire resistance and
are simple in construction.

R„C.C lintels are available as precast units. Precast R.C.C lintels are preferred for
small spam up to 2 meters Generally 1:2:4 concrete is used in the construction of
these lintels. The depth of lintel and the amount of the reinforcing is governed by the
intensity of load. The type of support and the span.

For the cast-in-situ lintels which are quite common, form work is required for
construction.

(5)Steel lintels

There lintels are provided when the opening is large and where the super-imposed
loads are heavy. Rolled see] joints are med either singly or in combination of two or
three units. S

COLUMN:

Column is a vertical structural member. it transmits the load from ceiling/roof slab
and beam. Including itself-weight to the foundation. Columns may he subjected to a
pure compressive load. R.C.C. columns are the most widely used now-a-days.

4.4.2 Type of Column

 Long Column or Slender

 Short Column
 Intermediate Column
 Column of square, rectangular and circular sections

4.4.3 Definition of Columns:

 A column is defined: 5 a compression member the effective length of which

exceed three time its lateral dimensions. Compression members whose lengths
do not exceed three times their least lateral dimensions are classified as
pedestals.

[Type text] Page 14

 [Type the document title]

 R.C Column concrete has a high compressive strength and a low tensile
strength .Hence. Theoretically concrete should need no reinforcement when it
is subjected to compression. Reinforcements are provided in order to reduce
the size of column, though a column is mainly a compression member'. it
liable to some moment due to eccentricity of loads or transfer loads or due to
its slenderness. Such moments may occur in any direction and so it is
necessary to provide reinforcement near all face of the column. These
reinforcements form the longitudinal steel. In order to maintain the position of
the longitudinal reinforcement and a ko to prevent their buckling which may
cause splitting of concrete. it is necessary to provide traverse reinforcement in
the form of lateral ties or spirals at close pitch. The tram verse reinforcement
also assists in confining the concrete.

4.4.4 Classification of Columns:

A column may be classified on the basis of its shape. Its slenderness ratio. The
manner loading and the type of lateral reinforcement provided. A column may leave a
section which may be square, rectangle. Circular or a desire polygon Depending on
the slenderness ratio. Column may be a short or long column.

The slenderest ratio of column is the ratio of the elective length of the column to its
last lateral dimension. A column whose slenderness ratio exceeds l2 is a long column.
A column whose slenderness ratio does not exceed the above limit is a short column.

Based on the manner of loading. Column may be classified into

 Axially loaded columns

 Column subleased to axial load and uniaxial bending.
 Column subjected to axial load and biaxial bending.

l STAIR CASE:

Stair cases are used in almost all buildings A staircase consist of a number of steps
arranged in a series. With landing at appropriate locations. For the purpose of giving
access to different floors of a building. The width of a staircase may depend on the
purpose for which it is provided. And may generally vary between lm for residential
buildings to 2m for public buildings. A flight is the length of the staircase situated
between two landings. The number of steps in a flight may vary between 3 to l2. The
rise of a step and the tread should be proportioned that it gives conformable access.
Generally the sum of the plus twice the rise is kept bout 5(X)mm and the product of
the trend and the rise is kept about 40000 to 42000. In residential buildings. The rise
may vary between 150 mm to l80mm and trend between 200 to 250mm. in public
buildings, rise is kept between 120 to l50mm and tread between 200 to 300mm.

[Type text] Page 15

 [Type the document title]

4.5.2 Unification of stairs:

(1) Straight stair

(2) Quarter turn stair

(3) Half turn stair (open newel type or open well stair)

(4) Dog-legged stair

(5) 0pm newel stair with quarter space landing

(6) Geometrical stairs such as circular stair. spiral stair etc.

Footings:

All structures supported on earth of superstructure and substructure. The foundation

can be defined as the substructure which interfaces the superstructure and the
supporting ground. Its purpose is to transfer all leads from the super structure to
ground safely and to provide stable base to the superstructure.

4.6.2 Types of foundations:

Foundation is classified as shallow and deep foundations.

l. Shallow foundations:

It has smaller' depth limited to the width of footing. It spreads the load from
superstructure on a larger am of soil so that stress intensity is reduced to a value
which can be carried safely by soil. They are classified as isolated and combined
footing and combined footings.

[Type text] Page 16

 [Type the document title]

An isolated footing supports one well or one column. A wall footing is continuous
strip, either flu or stepped which distribute the load of wall on the soil. An isolated
footing supporting a single column is commonly used where the load on Coolum are
small and are not closely spaced. They are squared, rectangular, circular or of other
shapes

A combined footing supports two or more column. They may classify 5 those which
supports two columns and those which support more than two columns. Combined
footing supporting two columns may be used for column on property lines. Such
footings may be rectangular, trapezoidal or T shaped in plan or may consist of
isolated footing connected with a narrow beam.

2. Deep foundations:

When the top layer of the soil is too weak to support the structure on the shallow
foundation. the depth of foundation is increased till more suitable soil is found to
support the structure. Such a foundation '3 turned as deep foundation becomes of its
large depth. Different types of deep foundation are pile and well foundation.

Bearing capacity of the soil:

Baring capacity of soil is the maximum intensity of the load or pressure developed
under the foundation without causing failure of soil and in settlement of
superstructure supported on foundation.

[Type text] Page 17

 [Type the document title]

CHAPTER [II (DESIGNING)

3. DESIGNING 0F STRUCI'UT AL COMPONENTS

DESIGN OF SLAB

DATA

DIMENSION: 5.9mX 4.35m

LIVE LOAD: 3 KN/m2

FLOOR FINISH:

1 KN/m2

TYPE OF SLAB

Lv/Lx= 5.9/4.35=1.35 <2

TWO WAY SLAB

DEPTH

SPAN/DEPTH=25

DEPTH = 174 mm

ASSUME CLEAR COVER = 20mm

D= 200mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Spam + eff. Depth= 4.1+0.2=4.3m

Centre to center = 4.1+0.25=4.35m

Effective Span = 4.3m

[Type text] Page 18

 [Type the document title]

LOAD CALCULATION

LIVE LOAD =3 KN/m2

FLOOR FINISH = 1 KN/m2

DEAD LOAD = 0.2 x 25 = 5 KN/m2

TOTAL LOAD = 9 KN/m2

FACTORED LOAD = 1.5 x 913.5 KN/m2

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

Mx= ax X Wu X Lx2 = 0.096X 13.5 X4.352 = 24.523 KN-m

My= ay X Wu X Lx2 = 0.053X 13.5 X4.352 = 13.553 KN-m

Vu=0.5X Wu X Lx = 0.5 X 13.5 X 4.35 = 29362

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim = 0.138 X Fck X b X d2 = > Mu lim = 110.4 KN-m

Hence section is under-reinforced

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 X Fy X ast X d (1- Fy Xast /Fck X b X d )

24.523x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast X 200 (1-415 x Ast /20 x 1000 x 200)

Ast = 814.90mm2

Provide 12 mm Dia bars @ 150 mm c/c

[Type text] Page 19

 [Type the document title]

DISTRIBU‟HON

Ast=-0.12% BD=0.0012 X 1000 X 200 = 240mm2

Provide 8mm Dia Bars @ 250 mm c/c

CHECK SHEAR STRESS

Tv = Vu/bd= 29.36 x 103 / 1000x200 = 0.1468

Pt = (100XAst)/bd=0.4523

KTc= l.2 x 0.456 = 0.547 N/mm2

KTc > Tv

SHEAR STRESS IS WITH IN SAFE PERMISSIBLE LIMIT

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

(L/d) BASIC =20

Pt=0.2015= > Kt= 1.2

(L/d) max = 20X1.2=24

(L/d)ACT = 4350/200 = 21.75 < 24

HENCE, DEFLECTDN S UNDER CONTROL

TORSION REINFORGMENT AT CORNER

[Type text] Page 20

 [Type the document title]

DESIGN OF BEAM (1):

DATA

DIMENSION: 5.9m

LIVE LOAD: 15.963KN/m

DEPTH

SPAN/ DEPTH = 12

ASSUME CLEAR COVER = 50mm

d = 600 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Span + effective Depth = 5.7 +0.5 = 6.2 m

Center to Center = 5.7 + 0.2 = 5.9m

Effective Span = 5.9 m

LOAD CALCULATION

LIVE LOAD =15.963 KN/rn

DEAD LOAD = 0.3 X 0.6x 25 = 4.5KN/m

TOTAL LOAD =19.963 KN/m

Wu = 1.5 X 19.963 =29.9445 KN/m

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

[Type text] Page 21

 [Type the document title]

Mu= 0.l25X Wu X L2 = 0.125X 29.94 X 5.92 =130.27 KN-m

Vu = 0. 5 X Wu X L = 0.5 X 29.94 X 5.9 = 88.32 KN

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim = 0.138X Fck X bd2 = 298.08KN-m

Mu < Mu lim

Hence section is under reinforced

REINFORCEMENT

Mu= 0.87 X Fy X Ast X d (1-Fy X Ast / Fck X bXd )

130.27 X106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 600 (1- 415 X Ast / 20 X 600 X 300 )

Ast = 650 mm2

Provide #2 of 16mm Diameter of Barr with #2 of 10 mm Dia hanger bars

CHECK SHEAR STRESS

Tv= Vu/bd = 88.32 X 103 / 600x300 =0.4906 N/mm2

Pt = (100 X Ast) / bd = 0.446

KTc = l.2 X0.3212 = 0.38544 N/mm2

KTc < Tv

Share reinforced required

Vu s= Vu -(Tc X bd)

= 88.32 X 103 - ( 0.454 X 300X600 ) = 6.6 KN

Since share is very less

[Type text] Page 22

 [Type the document title]

DESGN 0F BEAM (2)

DATA DIMENSION: 4.35m

LIVE LOAD: l5.963KN/m

DEPTH

SPAN/DEPTH= 15

DEPTH = 350Mm:

ASSUME CLEAR COVER = 50m

d= 400 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Span + Effective Depth = 4.l+0.35= 4.45m

Centre to Centre 4.35 m

Effective Span = 4.35 m

LOAD CALCULATION

LIVE LOAD = l5.963 KN/m

DEAD LOAD = 0.3 X 0.4X 25 = 3 KN/m

TOTAL LOAD= 18.963 KN/m

Wu = 1.5 X 19.963= 28.445 KN/m

[Type text] Page 23

 [Type the document title]

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

Mu=0.125X Wu X L2= 0.125X 29.94 X5.92 = 67.26 KN m

Vu =0.5 X Wu X L= 0.5 X 29.94 X 5.9 = 61857 KN

LIMITIM MOMENT

Mu lim= 0.138 X Fck X b X d2= l32.48 KN-m

Mu< Mu lim

Hence section is under reinforced

REINFORCEMENT

Mu= 0.87 X FyX Ast X d (1Fy X Ast / Fck X b X d)

67.26 X 106 = 0.87 X 415XAst X 400 (1-415X Ast / 20X400X300)

Ast = 572.73mm2

Provide #3 of 16 mm Dia of Bars with #2 of 10 mm Dia Hanger bars

CHECK FOR SHARE STRESS

Tv = vu / bd + 61.851 X103 / 400X300=0.515 N/mm2

Pt= (100XAst) bd = 0.502

Tc = 0.4806N/ mm2

[Type text] Page 24

 [Type the document title]

DESIGN OF COLUMN

DATA

DIMENSION: 0.3mX 0.3m

FACTORED LOAD: 926.508 KN

Fck=20 N/mm2

Fy= 415 N/mm2

SLENDERNESS RATIO:

L/D=3.2/0.3 = l0.66

Column is design as slender column

MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY

Emin =(L/500+ D/30) = 6.4 +10=16.4 mm< 20 mm

Also 0.05d =0.05 X300 = 15mm < 20mm

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

Mu=0.125 X Wu XL2 = 0.125x 13.5 x 4.l 2 = 28.36 KN-m

Vu = 0.5 X Wu X L=0.5X I35X4.1=27.67 KN

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim=0.l38 X Fck X bX d2 = 110.4KN-m

Mu<Mu lim

Hence section is under-reinforced

[Type text] Page 25

 [Type the document title]

REINFORCEMENT

Pu= [0.4 x Fck x Ag + (0.61 Fy -0.4 Fck) Asc]

911.508X 103 = [0.4X20X300X300+(0.67X415-0.4X20) Asc]

Asc = 720mm2

Provided #4 of 16mm dia bars with two bars face

LATERAL TIES:

l) DIA= Φ < /{ 0.25 x DlA min = 4mm} = >Provide 8 mm dia bars

2)Spacing

Least Dimension = 300mm

l6 X Dia max = 256mm

Generally =300mm

Provided 8mm dia lateral ties @ 250 mm c/c

[Type text] Page 26

 [Type the document title]

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

DATA

LIVE LOAD = 911.508 KN

DEAD LOAD =25X0.3X0.3X3.2 = 7.2 KN

TOTAL LOAD = 9l8.708 KN

PERMISSIBLE STRESS =500 KN/m

2
ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY =200 KN/m

BACE AREA

A =LOAD/qa = 918.708/200 = 4.6m2

Design as Square footing (since column is a square)

Length= 2.2m
2
Af= 2.2 X2.2 =4.84m

BENDING MOMENT
2
BM= [ qa X B X (B-d) ] /8=188.43 KN-m

MU =1.5 X 188.43 = 282.645 KN-m

D = [MU/0.138 X Fck X b] 1/2

D=0.21m= 2l0 mm= 300mm (say)

REINFORCEMENT

Mu=0.87 X Fy X Ast X d (1-Fy X Ast / Fck Xb Xd)

[Type text] Page 27

 [Type the document title]

282.645X106= 0.87X415XAst X300(1-415X Ast / 200X2200X300)

Ast 2868.05 mm2

Provide #15 of 16mm dia bars 190 mm c/c in both direction.

[Type text] Page 28

 [Type the document title]

DESIGN OF LINTEL BEAM

DEPTH

SPAN/DEPTH = 20

DEPTH = 70mm

ASSUME DEPI'H = l50mm

BREATH OF LINTEL= THICKNESS 0F WALL= 250nm

DIMENSION = 0.25m X 0.15m

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Span + eff Depth= 1.2 +0.2 = 1.4m

Centre to Centre:= 1.2 + 0.l5= 1.35tu

Effective Spun= 135 m

LOAD CALCULATION

WEIGHT OF WALL OVER LINTEL =0.9 X 0.25 X 19.5 = 4.3875 KN/m

DEAD LOAD = 0.15 X 0.2.5 X 25 = 0.9375 KN/m

TOTAL LOAD = 5.325KN/m

FACTOR LOAD (Wu) = 1.5 X 5.325 =7.9875 KN/m

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE\

Mu= 0.125 X Wu X L2=0.125 x 7.987 X 5.92 = 67.26 KN-m

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim=0.l38 X Fck X b X d2=15.525 KN-m

[Type text] Page 29

 [Type the document title]

Mu < Mu lim

Hence section is Under-reinforced

REINFORCEMENT

Mu=0.87 X Fy XAst X d (1-Fy X Ast / Fck X b X d)

Ast = 36.86mm2

But Ast minimum = 0.87XbXd/ Fy = 78.61mm2

Provide #2 of 10 mm dia bars with #2 of 8 mm dia Hanger bars

Provide stirrups of 8mm dia @200 c/c

[Type text] Page 30

 [Type the document title]

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

DATA

Staircase space = 2.2m X 3.2m

Live load = 4KN/m2 (As per IS (part-2) 1981)

DIMEVSION

Riser = 160mm, Tread = 300 mm

Width of stair =2200/2 -100 = 1000mm

Φ = (300.2 + 160.2/250) 1/2 =1.36

No of Riser = 3200/160=20

No of Riser per Flight=10

No of tread = 10-1=9

Going = 300X9=2.7m

Width of Landing = 3.2 – 2.7 = 0.5 = < 0.5 X 2 = 1m

DESIGN OF FLIGHT

Type = One way slab

Span = 3.57 m

Depth

(L/d) = 20 (Simply supported slab) = > d = 140mm

Pt = 0.4%
2
al=1.32 For Fs = 240N/mm

D= l40+20= 160mm

[Type text] Page 31

 [Type the document title]

LOAD CAICUIATION

Live Load = 4KN/m2

Self-weight =25 X D Φ=25 X 0.16 X 1.187=4.748KN/m 2

Weight of steps =25 X 0.16/2=2KN/m2

Floor Finish = 1 KN/m2

2
Total Load =11.748 KN/m
2
Factor Load =1.5X11..748= 17.622 KN/m

ULTIMATE MOMENT

Mu max =Wu X L2 /8 = 17.622 X 3.572 /8 = 28.07 KN-m

Limiting Moment
2
Mu lim = 0.138 X Fck X b X d = 54.096 KN-m

Mu < Mu lim

Hence Under -reinforced section

REINFORCEMENT

Mu=0.87 X Fy XAst Xd (1-Fy XAst /Fck X b X d)

2
Ast= 670mm

Provide 10mm dia bars @ l30mm c/c

Distribution Reinforcement

Ast min =0.12% B X D = 0.0012 X 1000 X I60=1800mm2

Provide 8mm Dia bars @ 250 mm c/c

[Type text] Page 32

 [Type the document title]

CHECK FOR DEFLEC'HON

Pl=100xa70noooxn4o-o.47%

F5 :232N/mmzzPI-OA7 %:“l I I31

D= 3170/1.31 X 20 = l30mm< 140mm

Hence safe against Deflection

[Type text] Page 33

 [Type the document title]

CHAPTER V (MANAGEMEN'D

Critical Path Method

The Critical Path Method (CPM) is one of several related techniqtm for doing project
planning. CPM is for projects that are made up of a number of individual “activities”
If some of the activities require other' activities to finish before they can start. Then
the project becomes a complex web of

edivitia.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

PERT is a network mays‟ technique which is used to determine the tin: it will take to
complete a complex pieces.

Formula Expected Duration = (Optimistic + 4 X Likely + Pessimistic)/6

Standard Deviation: (Pessimistic Optimistic)/6

[Type text] Page 34

 [Type the document title]

PROBABILITY 6 iject to be completed after 190 days:

Z =(190-180.11)/13.479 = 0.733

From Log table Probability = l 0.7673 = 0.2327 Project to be completed after 190
days is 23.27% '9 Project to be completed before 160 days: 2 =(160-180.110)/13.479
= -1.491 From Log table Probability = 0.0681 Project to be completed before 160
days is 6.81% 6 Project to be completed between 160 In 190 days Probability =
10232700681 = 0.6992 Project to be between 160 days to 190 days is 69.92% 9
Number of days for completion of project with 90% probability me Log Table 128
4[(009-008) X (0.90-0.8997) / (69015-08997) = 1.281667 Days = 180.ll+1.281667 X
13.429 = 197.32 Number of days for completion with 90% probability is 197.32 =
198 Days

[Type text] Page 35

 [Type the document title]

REFERENCES

Books used: I. 8.0 Punm„n, “Linin state Design of Reinforced cancer”

Lumi Publications (P) Ltd, New Delhi.

2. S Ranumrutham (2010), “Design of Reinforced Comma Strucnnra"

3. Adnok kumar JainAn-un lunmar Jain “Soil Meclunics & Foumhniom”

Laxmi Publication (P) Ltd, New Delhi.

4. Dr.KlU\nmn, “Soil meclmnics & Foundation Engineering” Standard publishers

Distribution-New Delhi.

5. BNDunn, “Btinmion and Casting in Civil Engineering” USB Publishes

Distribution: (p)Lnd New Delhi.

6. KKClnitkm “Construction Project Management-Planning” Tn McGraw-Hill

publishing limited. New Delhi.

[Type text] Page 36

 [Type the document title]

IS CODES USED:

I. IS 456 :2000 “Phin and Reinforced Caterer -code of practice“ Fourth Rev'nion
section 3 (claims I9, 23, 26) section 4(33)

2. IS 875 (Part1, Pan2& Part3),“Codeofplaaicefor Design loads (Omar nun

anhquake) for buildings & 3111mm”

3. SP7Nntional Building Code (NBC) oflnd‟n I983 GmpI-Pmmmw,deX

4. SP 7 Nun'onal Building Code of India (NBC)2000

5. SP 16 -l 980 Daign Aick fat Reinfomed Concrete Section 2. 3 and 5

6. SP 34 1987 Hand book on Concrete Reinforced & Detailing.

7. IS 29“ (Pm IlSecZ) I979 “Cock of Practice for Design And Consmxlion of Pile

Fomchions"

8. [5 I893 (Part I) : 2002 „Critaia for Eathquake Resistant Design ofsmlcmrs"

9. [S I3920 : I993 “Ductile Detailing Of Rdnfomed Concluc Slructum Subjected to

Seismic Force: CodeOf Practice”

[Type text] Page 37