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Presentation 5.1
Abstract — Maintaining stability of the system in loads from interconnected network are
a large scale electrical power grid is a highly disconnected for fast and quick recovery of an
important thing. Several defence scheme methods overall system to its initial settling state. For good
used for this purpose. Lampung 150 kV sub system management the power generation must be
needs at least 120 - 300 MW transfer from South
Sumatra system on its backbone over head line
greater than the power consumption then system
transmission (OHL). Each time any disturbance remains stable. Problems will occur if generation is
happened on one of its backbone line or any power unable to meet the demands of loads. Then
generation loss happened on Lampung subsystem, substations are not able to provide energy to their
overloading could be occurred on this OHL. consumers and the only solution is load shedding,
Overload shedding (OLS) scheme has been used to to remove power supply from the loads for the
minimize outage and prevent any possibility of system stability [5].
system collapse or large scale blackout. Some load shedding methods were suggested
OLS scheme conventionally use power line for transmission lines control operation [6].
carrier (PLC) based teleprotection signal to spread
its trip signal to some transformers on several 1. Breaker Interlock Load Shedding
substations in Lampung sub system. To increase
the dependability factor of this OLS scheme, GOOSE
This is the simplest method of carrying out
message based trip signal spreading using ethernet load shedding. For this scheme, the circuit
over internet protocol (EoIP) tunnelling has been breaker interdependencies are arranged to
used. PLC based and GOOSE message based multi operate based on hardwired trip signals from an
substation OLS used redundantly each other so it intertie circuit breaker or a generator trip. This
could increase OLS scheme performance and method is often used when the speed of the
dependability. load shedding is critical [6].
Keywords—system stability, defence scheme, 2. Under Frequency Relay (81U) Load Shedding
overload shedding, teleprotection, GOOSE message. Guidelines for setting up a frequency load
shedding are common to both large and small
I. INTRODUCTION systems. The design methodology considers
Quality of electrical power system must be fixed load reduction at fixed system frequency
maintained to fulfil its services continuity standard levels. Upon reaching the frequency set point
[1]. One of the most influencing factors to services and expiration of pre-specified time delay, the
continuity is the stability of the system. Stability is frequency relay trips one or more load
the ability of an electrical power system to reach breakers. This cycle is repeated until the
new stable operating condition after experiencing system frequency is recovered, e.g., 10% load
of disturbance [2]. Large scale blackouts will give reduction for every 0.5% frequency reduction.
very big loss materially or immaterially [3]. Since this method of load shedding can be
The sudden increase in system load or losing totally independent of the system dynamics,
power generation may cause the fluctuation of line total loss of the system is an assumed
frequency and voltage, and at the end the possibility [6].
unwanted overloading which in turn jeopardizes
the power system stability [4]. In this paper, multi 3. Programmable Logic Controller Based Load
substation overload shedding (OLS) scheme with Shedding
GOOSE message using ethernet over internet
With a Programmable Logic Controller
protocol (EoIP) tunnelling has been used to spread
(PLC) scheme, load shedding is initiated based
the load shedding scheme to distribution
on the total load versus the number of
transformers in some substations on the system.
generators online and/or detection of under-
frequency conditions. Each substation PLC is
II. SUPPORTING THEORY
programmed to initiate a trip signal to the
A. Load Shedding Topology appropriate feeder breakers to shed a preset
sequence of loads. This static sequence is
In power system terminology, when some continued until the frequency returns to a
interdisturbances are leading the overall system normal, stable level [6].
towards instability, the final unwanted solution is
load shedding [5]. During load shedding some
B. IEC 61850 Protocol the same gateway. Later on these value can be
The standard series IEC 61850 easily used as control command, metering, or any
“Communication networks and systems in protection scheme purposes on these devices.
substations” is the base standard for modelling of
meaningful power system information, real-time C. Ethernet over Internet Protocol (EoIP)
and near real-time information exchange between Ethernet over internet protocol (EoIP) tunnelling
intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), and the is a MikroTik RouterOS protocol that creates an
configuration of systems (e.g., substations, wind ethernet tunnel between two routers on top of an
power parks), devices, and the communication IP connection [11]. When the bridging function of
networks for the whole electrical energy supply [7]. the router is enabled, all ethernet traffic will be
It is basically the main standard for communication bridged just as if there were a physical ethernet
on substation automation system (SAS). interfaces (hardwired or wireless) between the two
routers.
2000
Figure 3. Backbone OHL OLS current profile on disturbance Set OLS (A)
case 1
Load Each OHL
1500 Case 3 (A)
Ampere
Each 100 MW generation loss occurred on OLS Stage 1 (A)
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
MW power generation on Lampung sub system.
Figure 5. Backbone OHL OLS current profile on disturbance
B. Disturbance Case 2, 1 Backbone OHL Trip case 3
In case any disturbance occurred on one circuit As mentioned before, each 100 MW generation
of the backbone OHL, overloading could be loss occurred on Lampung sub system, it will
happened on the other normal circuit. Each time increase power transfer at least ±480 A from South
one OHL tripped, it will double power transfer on Sumatera system. This third case stand for any
the normal OHL. This second case stand for any possibility of losing one high capacity power plant
possibility of overloading due to this one circuit when only one backbone OHL circuit operated.
losing case.
TABLE II. Current Profile Case 2 on peak time
D. Disturbance Case 4, 1 Backbone OHL Operate
and Generation Loss2nd Stage on Lampung
Time 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Set OCR (A) 1320 1320 1320 1320 1320 1320 1320 Subsystem
Set OLS (A) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 This case similar with condition occurred on
Load each Normal OHL Case 2 (A) 765 1063 1492 1446 1509 1459 1116
case 3, the difference only the higher amount of
OLS Stage 1 (A) 0 355 401 399 371 344 323
OLS Stage 2 (A) 0 355 335 335 327 313 0 power generation loose on this case.
Load each OHL After OLS (A) 765 709 756 713 811 802 793 TABLE IV. Current Profile Case 4 on peak time
1600
Time 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Set OCR (A) 1320 1320 1320 1320 1320 1320 1320
1400 Set OCR (A) Set OLS (A) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Load each Normal OHL Case 4 (A) 1662 1959 2383 2349 2415 2358 2019
1200
Set OLS (A) OLS Stage 1 (A) 296 355 401 399 371 344 323
1000
OLS Stage 2 (A) 237 295 335 335 327 313 284
Load Each OHL OLS Stage 3 (A) 257 336 365 363 346 338 295
Ampere
400 3000
OLS Stage 2 (A)
Set OCR (A)
200
Load Each OHL 2500
After OLS (A) Set OLS (A)
0
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
Load Each OHL
2000 Case 4 (A)
1500
OLS Stage 2 (A)
This fourth case stand for any possibility of subscriber IEDs located on Bukit Kemuning
losing two high capacity power plant when only (BKMNG) and Kotabumi (KTBMI) 150 kV
one backbone OHL circuit operated. substation to spread the OLS trip signal.
Three IEDs on different substation are
The OLS spreading configuration defined from connected using this EoIP tunnel for the
the load priority factor, the least prioritized load will multisubstation OLS purpose. This multisubstation
be the first load that tripped during the first stage of OLS concept use overload pickup signal from the
OLS. publisher IED to be published over the network.
Communication topology which is used for this
purpose can be seen on Figure below.
Internet
EoIP EoIP
Tunnel EoIP Tunnel
Tunnel
REFERENCES
[1]. Eko Prasetyo and Boy Sandra, “Transient Stability
Assessment of Java Bali 500 kV Multi Machine Electrical
Power System Using Committee Neural Network,”
Conference on Information Technology and Electrical
Engineering, Yogyakarta, 2009.
[2]. Imam Robandi, Desain Sistem Tenaga Modern, Andi,
Yogyakarta, 2006.
[3]. Djiteng Marsudi, Pembangkitan Energi Listrik, Erlangga,
Jakarta, 2005.
[4]. J. Kaewmanee, S. Sirisumrannukul, T. Menaneanatra,
“Optimal Load Shedding in Power System using Fuzzy
Decision Algorithm,” AORC-CIGRE Technical Meeting,
CIGRE, Guangzhou, 2013.
[5]. M. Qamar Raza, M. Ali, N. Tareen, W.U. Rehman, A.
Khan, A.U. Asar, “Intelligent Load Shedding Using TCP/IP
Figure 9. Point to point loop test result for Smart Grids,” Energy and Power Engineering 4 (398-
403), SciRes, 2012.
B. PLC Based Teleprotection and Multi Substation [6]. F. Shookh and J. J. Dai, “An ILS System Application in
Large Industrial Facility,” Industry Applications Conference,
GOOSE Message Comparation 2-6 October 2005, pp. 417-425.
Comparation between the two methods done by [7]. Karlheinz Schwarz, “IEC 61850 Beyond Substations - The
measuring the difference between the PLC based Standard for The Whole Energy Supply System,” CEPSI,
Macau, 2008.
teleprotection and Multi substation GOOSE [8]. Communication Networks and Systems in Substation -
message travelling time. This test use IED on Part 1 : Introduction and Overview, IEC 61850-1, 2003.
BTRJA 150 kV substation and BKMNG 150 kV [9]. Communication Networks and Systems in Substation -
substation as publisher and subscriber sequentially. Part 7-2 : Basic Communication Structure for Substation
and Feeder Equipment - Abstract Communication Service
TABLE V. Travelling time comparation Interface, IEC 61850-7-2, 2003.
time delay (ms)
[10]. C. Kriger, S. Behardien, J. Retonda-Modiya, “A Detailed
PLC based TP 21.00
Analysis of the GOOSE Message Structure in an
GOOSE message 15.10
IEC61850 Standard-Based Substation Automation
System,” International Journal of Computers
Communications & Control, October 2013, 8(5):708-721,
ISSN 1841-9836.
[11]. MikroTik (2013, December 22). Manual: Interface/EoIP
[Online]. Available :
Figure 10. Subscriber IED receive pickup signal through GOOSE http://wiki.MikroTik.com/wiki/Manual:Interface/EoIP.
message [12]. S. Hanks, T. Li, D. Farinacci, and P. Traina (1994,
October). Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) [Online].
Available : http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1701.
CONCLUSION
Multi substation OLS trip signal which is ABOUT THE AUTHORS
previously use power line carrier (PLC) based
Eko Prasetyo received B.Eng degree in Electrical Engineering
teleprotection signal only has been implemented from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology in Surabaya,
successfully and functioned redundantly with the Indonesia. From 2009-11 he was Electrical and Instrument
usage of GOOSE message based OLS. The EoIP Production Engineer on ESSO KTT Phase 2 Gas Platform
communication makes virtual tunnel between the Project in Mc. Dermott International. Later on he worked as
Assistant Engineer on Electrical Protection, Meter, and
corresponding substations so any communication Automation O&M at PT. PLN (Persero) P3BS UPT Tanjung
that is routed to use this tunnel will detect that they Karang until today.
are communicate each other inside the same local
area network. The loop test result shows that the Erwin Dian Saputro received Diploma degree in Electrical
Engineering from Semarang State Polytechnique and B.Eng
GOOSE message signal need 15.1 ms to reach degree in Electrical Engineering from Muhammadiyah
the IED on the other substation. The comparation University in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. He began his journey
between the PLC based OLS & GOOSE message on PT. PLN (Persero) P3BS UPT Tanjung Karang since 2009
based OLS shows that PLC based OLS needs as Junior Engineer on Electrical Protection, Meter, and
Automation O&M.
more time to travel the telesignal than GOOSE
message based OLS. These test result generally Inda Puspanugraha received his B.Eng degree in Electrical
shows that GOOSE message feasible and Engineering from Diponegoro University in Semarang,
dependable to be used for between substation Indonesia. He began his career in 2006 as Assistant Engineer
on Electrical Protection and SCADAtel O&M at PT. PLN
communication, especially for multi substation OLS (Persero) P3BS UPT Tanjung Karang. As of today, he is
signal. The common issue for this GOOSE Assistant Manager on Company Planning and Evaluation at
message based OLS is the quality and UPT Tanjung Karang.
performance of ethernet network which is used for
transformers.
Teleprotection (TP) used to spread load shedding
Eko Prasetyo – 87112313Z scheme on many substations.
Erwin Dian Saputro – 8609536Z
Singapore, October 15‐16th 2014
Presently GOOSE message facility available on modern
IEDs.
To have redundant TP system, GOOSE message has
been combined with PLC based TP for OLS scheme.
Presentation 5.6
Power Grid Config OLS Cases
120–300MW+
transfer
Case 1, 2 BKSAM‐BTRJA OHL circuit operate, ±100MW
power generation loss
Case 2, 1 BKSAM‐BTRJA OHL circuit TRIP
Case 3, 1 BKSAM‐BTRJA OHL circuit operate, ±100MW
power generation loss
Case 4, 1 BKSAM‐BTRJA OHL circuit operate, ±200MW
power generation loss
Presentation 5.7
What We Need? IEC 61850
Dependable TP The IEC 61850 standard allows for communication
Easy to adopt between IEDs within a substation (GOOSE & GSSE).
Easy to operate & maintenance
Low cost
Can be used redundantly
GOOSE Message
Based TP
Between Subs GOOSE GOOSE Performance
The GOOSE message re‐routed using ethernet router to Point to point loop test using publisher and subscriber
allow broadcast communication between IEDs between IED between BTRJA and BKMNG 150 kV subs.
substations. EoIP Tunneling
© OMICRON - Asia-Pacific Protection & Testing Conference 2014
for GOOSE
Message Total : 30.2 ms
Halfway : 15.1 ms
Presentation 5.8
GOOSE Performance EoIP Performance
Travelling time EoIP performance
comparation with PLC considered from
based TP between its bandwidth
BTRJA and BKMNG 150 usage
kV subs
1.5 – 1.7 kbps
time delay (ms)
PLC based TP 21.00
GOOSE message 15.10
0.44% of 3G
data rate
IEC 60834‐1
2 ‐ 70 ms
Conclusion
PLC and GOOSE message based TP for OLS can be
operated at the same time redundantly.
The EoIP communication makes virtual tunnel
between the corresponding substations so any
© OMICRON - Asia-Pacific Protection & Testing Conference 2014
Presentation 5.9
IED Config (Publish) IED Config (Publish)
1. Set pickup curent 2. Set output
for OLS contact for PLC &
virtual output for
GOOSE on PSL
IED Config (Publish) IED Config (Publish)
3. Set comms parameter 4. Set dataset
© OMICRON - Asia-Pacific Protection & Testing Conference 2014
Presentation 5.10
IED Config (Publish) IED Config (Subscribe)
5. Set used 1. Set comms parameter
GOOSE
publish
channel
IED Config (Subscribe) IED Config (Subscribe)
2. Set GOOSE 3. Set input contact for PLC & virtual input for GOOSE on PSL
subscribe Virtual Input 1 2000
channel 1
DDB #832 LED 8
Pick-Up Latching DDB #071
0
Input L1
DDB #032
© OMICRON - Asia-Pacific Protection & Testing Conference 2014
0
7.N/A
Straight DDB #006
0
Presentation 5.11
Router Config Router Config
Server side Server side
1. Create PPTP Server 2. Create EoIP Tunnel
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Router Config Router Config
Server side Server side
3. Create IP Address 4. Create Bridge
© OMICRON - Asia-Pacific Protection & Testing Conference 2014
Presentation 5.12
Router Config Router Config
Client side Client side
1. Create PPTP 2. Create EoIP
Client tunnel
Next steps similar
with server side