The University of Education, HCMC English Language Teaching Methodology 2

Department of English

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Grammar refers to that indicate relationships among words in

sentences.

2. Teacher‟s responsibility: know

II. STRUCTURES & EXAMPLES

Structure:

Good examples should be:

III. POSSIBLE WAYS OF TEACHING GRAM.

Explicit teaching: stating directly, usually at the beginning of a particular activity, what
the grammar is
Implicit teaching: the learners are „led‟ to discover the grammar for themselves through
a series of guided steps
Deductive approach: teaching grammar from rules
* Present a rule

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 * Give examples for illustration
* Ss practice or do application exercises
Inductive approach: teaching grammar from examples
* T gives examples
* Ss are exposed to language form rules by themselves

IV. HOW TO TEACH A STRUCTURE / TEACHING STEPS

A PPP LESSON

* Presentation (10-15’)

* Practice (15-20’)

• mechanical drills

• application of rules

• meaningful practice (by giving prompts / situations )

* Production (10’-30’) – for high level

• communicative practice (real-life situations, imaginary situations)

• games

PRESENTATION:

1. LEAD-IN

- introducing the structure in contexts (dialogues, readings): T. writes on BB 1 example from the

dialogue/ reading text, Ss find other occurrences of the same pattern.

- using pictures/situations

2. PRESENTING MEANING

 Showing meaning visually (Textbook)

 Showing meaning through a situation
 Showing form and meaning

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3. PRESENTING FORM:

Examples: varied (Sub./ objects, tenses, etc.)

Notes / Exceptions

PROCEDURE: (inductively)

I.1 Lead-in

I. 2 Presenting Meaning & Form or Form & Meaning

1.3 Give other ex.

1.4 Conduct repetition of title, model sent. & ex.

1.5 Ask class to copy down lesson.

PRACTICE:

Purpose: To get students to use the structure accurately and fluently.

Process:

controlled practice (MECHANICAL)  less controlled practice (MEANINGFUL)

Some types of practice exercises

1) Controlled/ mechanical practice (pp 30 -32)

- A drill where there is complete control of response, where there is only one correct way of

responding. Ss produce the correct FORM, not using the structure to express Meaning.

- MD should be drilled at a rapid space with books closed. The purpose is to memorize the
pattern.

• Repetition

• Substitution

• Single word prompt

• Picture prompt

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2) Meaningful practice (pp 32 -34)

There is still control of response although it may be correctly expressed in more than one way
and less suitable for choral drilling. There are several right answers and Ss cannot complete these
drills without fully understanding structurally and semantically what is being said.

How to conduct meaningful practice:

– By getting students to say about themselves

– By giving situations which , but leave the students to decide

exactly what to say

– By letting them of their own

Some other commonly-used activities:

• Information gap exercise

• Interview

• Find someone who (…)

INFORMATION GAP EXERCISE

Ask your partner to find out the missing information, and then report back to your class.
Remember to use the past tense correctly.

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INTERVIEW

• Go around the class and ask 5 classmates about what their family members are doing now.
Then report back to the class:

1- father

2- mother

3- elder / younger brother

4- elder/ younger sister

FIND SOMEONE WHO …

has visited Ha Long Bay.

has had a picnic in Dam Sen Park, …

Then report back to your class.

REVISION QUESTIONS

[1] Identify the structure in each of the following sentences and give 3 other examples for
each one:

1- Increasing your strength is not the only advantage of cycling.

2- After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.

3- If you have any doubts about taking up cycling for health reason, talk to your doctor
and ask him or her for advice.

4- The teacher advised us to review our lesson more often.

5- Heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.

6- Although chicken always appeal to me, I still feel skeptical about monkey.

7- In contrast, the United States was the major supplier of imports, accounting for 21%
of imports last year.

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 8- Argentina has a strong economy based on its rich agricultural and mineral resources
and in thriving service industry.

[2] Describe how you would present the structure in this sentence: “Mrs. Brown, because
she loves us so much, has offered to give her special doll to us.”
[3] Work out a meaningful exercise for this structure.
[4] Describe how you would present the structure in one of these sentences/ Choose a
grammatical structure from the text to present it inductively to your class.

1 - After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.

2- If I had known that you were ill, I would have visited you.