CE 502

RCD

Reinforced Concrete by
Ultimate Strength Design

ILOs:
- To understand USD and apply in the
following topics
• Flexure Equations
• Analysis of Rectangular Beams
• Design of Rectangular Beams
• Analysis of Non-rectangular Beams
Derivation of Beam Expression
-compression stresses vary approximately straight line until about 0.5f’c but
this is not the case after stresses go higher

actual
stress block
ACI equivalent
stress block
1
1 is a factor to account for the non-
linear shape of the compression
stress block.

a  1c
f ' c 28Mpa, 1  0.85
-area of the rectangular block should f ' c 28Mpa,
be equal that of the curve block 1  0.85  0.05 / 7( f ' c  28)
-their centroid should coincide
but shall not be less than 0.65
Allowable Stress – WSD Examples:

f actual  ( F .S.) Ffailure WSD

• Actual loads used to determine stress

f b  0.45 f c'
• Allowable stress reduced by factor of safety
f v  0.1 f c'

Ultimate Strength
Ultimate Strength
• Loads increased depending on type load
g Factors: DL=1.4 LL=1.7 WL=1.3
M u  0.9M n
U=1.4DL+1.7LL
Vu  0.85Vn
• Strength reduced depending on type force
f Factors: flexure=0.9 shear=0.85 column=0.7
Pu  0.70Pn
M u  fM n
Failure Modes

As

bd

• No Reinforcing 1.4 200

– Brittle failure  min  (metric )  (english )
fy fy
• Reinforcing < balance Source: RC by McCormac 8th Ed

– Steel yields before concrete fails

– ductile failure
max  0.75bal

• Reinforcing = balance  0.851 f c'  600 

– Concrete fails just as steel yields bal   
 600  f 

 f y  y 
• Reinforcing > balance
– Concrete fails before steel yields
– Sudden failure
   max SuddenDeat h!!
Flexure Equations actual ACI equivalent
stress block stress block

As
Percentage of tensile steel  
bd
Balance Condition
From similar triangles at balance condition:

Equate expressions for c:

Balanced ratio,

Letting Rn= Mu/φbd2

Balanced ratio

Source: Wikipedia
Steps in Designing a Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam for
Flexure

jVI. Compute for Rn

VII. Solve for bd2
bd2= Mu/Rn

111
Steps in Computing the Required Tension Steel Area ‘As’
of Beam with known Moment and other Properties

compute Mumax
if Mu < Mumax design as simply reinforced step II
if Mu > Mumax design as doubly reinforced
Steps in Computing ‘Mu’ of Beam with known Tension Steel
Area ‘As’ and other Properties

Solve Mu
Design Problems
Investigation Problems (steel yields fs=fy)

Investigation Problems (steel does not yields fs≠fy)

Investigation Problems (non-rectangular beam, fs=fy)

Investigation Problems (non-rectangular beam) cont.
Investigation Problems (non-rectangular beam, fs≠fy)
Investigation Problems (non-rectangular beam, fs≠fy) cont.
 Seatwork
Prob. 1

Prob. 2
Prob. 3