Chapter 1 – Introduction of

the Topic
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT) :

● was a legal agreement between many countries, whose

overall purpose was to promote international trade by
reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or
quotas. According to its preamble, its purpose was the
"substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers
and the elimination of preferences, on a reciprocal and
mutually advantageous basis."

● It was first discussed during the United Nations

Conference on Trade and Employment and was the
outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to
create the International Trade Organization (ITO). GATT
was signed by 23 nations in Geneva on October 30, 1947,
and took effect on January 1, 1948. It remained in effect
until the signature by 123 nations in Marrakesh on April
14, 1994, of the Uruguay Round Agreements, which
established the World Trade Organization (WTO) on
January 1, 1995. The WTO is a successor to GATT, and
the original GATT text (GATT 1947) is still in effect
under the WTO framework, subject to the modifications
of GATT 1994.

● GATT, and its successor WTO, have successfully

reduced tariffs. The average tariff levels for the major
GATT participants were about 22% in 1947, but were 5%
after the Uruguay Round in 1999. Experts attribute part of
these tariff changes to GATT and the WTO.

Functions of GATT :
In fulfillment of its objectives, GATT adopted
certain measures. These may be discussed
under the following headings.
● Most favored nation clause 

● Trade negotiations 

● Tariff and non-tariff measure 

● Complaints and waivers 

● Settlement of disputes 

1. Most Favored Nation clause :
The “Most favored Nation clause is one of
the significant provisions adopted by GATT.
Under the concept of Most Favored Nation,
all contracting parties of the agreement
would be treated as most favored nations.
The principal objective is that the benefits
extended to one should also be extended to
all contracting parties. There should be no
discrimination among nations. Trading
should be carried on the principle of non-
discrimination and reciprocity. This clause
discouraged the member countries from
granting any new trade concessions unless
those were mutually agreed upon. However,
many escape clauses were found. Under
specific circumstances, less developed
countries were allowed to exercise the right
to discriminate. For example, dumping and
export subsidy might be countered by trade
measures only against the offending
country. Moreover, special concessions
were allowed for trade with former colonies
of less developed western countries.

2. Trade negotiations under GATT :

From 1947 to 2001, GATT has organized 12
trade negotiations. The following table
shows various negotiations of GATT and
WTO since 1947.

Year
Round
Conclusion
1947
Geneva Round
Several thousands of tariff concessions
covering nearly 50 per cent of world trade.

1949
Annecy Round (France)
Announcement of modest tariff reductions.

1950-51
Torquay, England Round
Over 1948 level, 25 per cent ' tariff
reductions were made.

1955-56
Geneva Round
Modest tariff reductions

1961-62
Geneva,Dillon Round
Modest tariff reductions

1964-67
Geneva, Kennedy Round

35 percent tariff reduction on industrial

products and modest reduction in
agricultural products. Also antidumping
code was announced.
1973-79
Geneva, Tokyo Round
Negotiation of additional tariff cuts
developed a series of agreements governing
the use of non-tariff measures.

1986-94
Uruguay Round
Tariff non tariff measures, rules, services,
intellectual property, dispute settlement,
creation of WTO etc.
Two separate working parties were setup on
investment and commercial law. Working
group was also formed on Government
procurement, Trade facilitation added to
WTO agenda.
1996 (9 to 13 Dec)
Singapore Ministerial

1998 (18 to 20 May)

Geneva Ministerial
Programme on E-commerce launched.
1999 (30 Nov to 3 Dec)
Seattle Ministerial
Market access, agriculture, services, E-
Commerce

2001 (9 to 13 Dec)
Doha Ministerial
New Round

3. Tariff and Non-tariff measures :

Tariff measures:

Tariffs were the important

obstacle to international trade.
Therefore, GATT encouraged
negotiations for the reduction of
hig4 tariffs, The participating
countries agreed to cut tariff of
thousands of industrial products.
Reduction of tariff was on
reciprocal and mutually
advantageous basis. Article 11 of the
GATT provided that all
concessions granted by
contracting parties must be
entered in a schedule of
concessions. Once a concession
was included in the schedule of
concessions, it could not be
withdrawn except under specified
circumstances.
Non-tariff measures :
Post-World War II witnessed
reduced distorting effects of non-
trade barriers world trade. The
Tokyo Round held during 1973 —
1979 tackled the problems of non-
tariff barriers under more
effective international discipline.
All the agreements provide for
special and more favorable
treatment for developing
countries. The negotiations led to
the following non-tariff measures:

● restriction on use of subsidies, ● 


● technical barriers, ● 

● import licensing procedures, ● 

● government procurement, ● 

● custom valuation, ● 

● permission of anti-dumping code. 

To read more about the non-tariff
measures of GATT, refer this
article: Non-tariff measures of GATT
4. Complaints and waivers :
Article XXII of the GATT entertains
complaints from contacting party
relating to the operation of the
agreement. The contracting party
who is likely to be deprived of the
benefits under GATT agreement
can request the other party for
consultation. The basic principle of
GATT is that member countries
should consult one another on
trade matters and problems. Article
XXV of the GATT provides the
procedure for granting waiver to
some contracting party from the
application of the provisions of
the GATT. Waivers are granted on
the approval by two thirds of
voting contracting parties.
5. Settlement of disputes :
GATT aimed at the smooth
settlement of disputes among the
contracting parties. GATT allows
the member countries to settle
problems among them by
consulting one another on
matters of trade. Initially, the
contracting parties should resolve
the disputes by holding talks on
bilateral basis. In case of failure,
the dispute may be referred to
panels of independent experts
formed under GATT council. The
panel members are drawn from
countries which have no direct
interest in the disputes. If the
offending parties does not act
upon the panel’s

decision, the aggrieved party is

authorized to withdraw all
concessions offered to the
offending party. Since the panel
procedure ensures mutually
satisfactory settlement, members
make increased use of the panel.
GATT ROLE IN INDIA :
The main purpose of the GATT
was substantial
reduction of tariffs and other
trade barriers and
the elimination of preferences, on
a reciprocal
and mutually advantageous
basis.
GATT reduced the tariff on the
basis of mutual benefit, accelerate
the trade liberalization after the
World War II. GATT’s major
contribution was to reduce of
tariffs by sponsoring “rounds" of
multilateral negotiations. By
sponsoring the multilateral
negotiations, there was a
significant reduce of the tariff.
There were about 35% average
tariff reductions in both Kennedy
Round and
Tokyo Round. Future more, in the
Uruguay Round which was the
most productive in the history of
GATT multilateral negotiation,
the
contracting parties practiced the
rules that kept
cutting the tariff rate, there was
an average tariff cut
of 39% in this round of
negotiation. By cutting the
tariff rate, there is less trade
barriers in doing
international business which will
mutual benefit the
parties which participated, and
promote trade
liberalization.
●
●
●●

● GATT protected the

benefits of the developing
countries to a certain extent to
international trade. One of the
basic objectives of GATT was
that “raising of standards of
living and the progressive

development of the economies

of all contracting 
parties, and

considering that the
attainment of these 
objectives
is particularly urgent for less-
developed 
contracting parties.

● 


●GATT acted as the “court of

international trade", by

providing a platform for

contracting parties to
negotiation and talk to settle
disputes in international trade.
One of the objectives of GATT
was 
to settle the disputes
 between two or more parties.
When two or more parties are
involved in the international
trade, it is inevitable that
without disputes. Some of the
disputes may be solved by the
two parties themselves,
however, some disputes could
not be solved by themselves,
without the help of the third
party, and the disputes may be
remaining 
unresolved for
years. So it needed GATT to
solve those disputes which
could not solve by parties
themselves. 

GATT Pros and Cons :
Pros:
●For 47 years, GATT reduced
tariffs. This boosted world trade 8
percent a year during the 1950s
and 1960s. That was faster than
world economic growth. Trade
grew from $332 billion in 1970 to
$3.7 trillion in 1993.
●●
●●
●●

●●

It was seen as such a success that

many more countries wanted to
join. By 1995, there 128
members, generating at least 80
percent of world trade.
By increasing trade, GATT
promoted world
peace. in the 100 years before
GATT, the number of
wars was ten times greater than
the 50 years after
GATT. Before World War II, the
chance of a lasting
trade alliance was only slightly
better than 50/50.
By showing how free trade works,
GATT
inspired other trade agreements.
It set the stage
for the European Union. Despite
the EU's
problems, it has prevented wars
between its
members.
GATT also improved
communication by providing
incentives for smaller countries to
learn English, the language of the
world's largest
consumer market. This adoption
of a common language reduced
misunderstanding. It also gave
less developed countries a
competitive
advantage. English gave them
insight into the developed
country's culture, marketing and
product needs.

Cons:
●Low tariffs destroy some
domestic industries, contributing
to high unemployment in those
sectors. Governments subsidized
many industries to
make them more competitive on a
global scale. U.S. and EU
agriculture were major examples.
In the early 1970s,thetextile
andclothingindustrieswere
exempted from GATT. When the
Nixon
Administration took the U.S.
dollar off the gold
standard in 1973, it lowered the
value of the
dollar compared to other
currencies. That further
lowered the international price of
U.S. exports. ●

By the 1980s, the nature of world

trade had changed. GATT did not
address the trade of services. That
allowed them to grow beyond any
one country's ability to manage
them. For example, financial
services became globalized.
Foreign
direct investment had become
more important.
As a result, when U.S. investment
bank Lehman
Brothers collapsed, it threatened
the entire global
economy. Central banks
scrambled to work together
for the first time to address the
2008 financial
crisis. They were forced to provide
the liquidity for
frozen credit markets.
Like other free trade agreements,
GATT reduced the rights of a
nation to rule its own people. The
agreement required them to
change domestic laws to gain the
trade benefits. For example, India
had allowed companies to create
generic versions of drugs without
paying a license fee. This helped
more people afford medicine.
GATT required India to remove
this law. That raised the price of
drugs out of reach for many
Indians.
●
●

●●

Trade agreements like GATT often

destabilize small, traditional
economies. Countries like the
United States that subsidize
agricultural exports can put local
family farmers out of business.
Unable to compete with low-cost
grains, the farmers migrate to
cities looking for work, often in
factories set up by multi-national
corporations. Often these
factories can move to other
countries with lower-cost labor,
leaving the farmers unemployed.

Samsung Electronics:
Introduction:

It is a South Korean multinational

electronics company
headquartered in Suwon, South
Korea. Through extremely
complicated ownership structure
with some circular ownership, it
is the flagship company of the
Samsung Group, accounting for
70% of the group's revenue in
2012. Samsung Electronics has
assembly plants and sales
networks in 80 countries and
employs around 308,745 people.
It is the world's largest
information technology company
by revenue. As of
October 2017, Samsung
Electronics' market cap stood at
US$372.0 billion.

●●

Samsung has long been a major

manufacturer of electronic
components such as lithium-ion
batteries, semiconductors, chips,
flash memory and hard drive
devices for clients such as Apple,
Sony, HTC and Nokia. It is the
world's largest manufacturer of
mobile phones and smartphones
fueled by the popularity of its
Samsung Galaxy line of devices.
The company is also a major
vendor of tablet computers,
particularly its Android-powered
Samsung Galaxy Tab collection,
and is generally regarded as
pioneering the phablet market
through the Samsung Galaxy Note
family of devices. Samsung has
been the world's largest television
manufacturer since 2006, and the
world's largest manufacturer of
mobile phones since 2011. It is
also the world's largest memory
chips manufacturer. In July 2017,
Samsung Electronics overtook
Intel as the largest semiconductor
chip maker in the world.

History :
In 1938, Lee Byung-

chul (1910–1987) of a large

landowning family in the

Uiryeong county moved to nearby
Daegu city and founded Samsung
Sanghoe (삼성상
회, 三星商會). Samsung started out as a
small trading company with forty employees
located in Su-dong (now

Ingyo-dong).[17] It dealt in dried-

fish,[17] locally-grown groceries
and noodles. The company
prospered and Lee moved its head
office to Seoul in 1947. When the
Korean War

broke out, he was forced to leave

Seoul. He started a sugar
refinery in Busan named Cheil
Jedang. In 1954, Lee
founded Cheil Mojik and built the
plant in Chimsan-dong,
Daegu. It was the largest woollen
mill ever in the country. [citation needed]
Samsung diversified into many
different areas. Lee sought to
establish Samsung as leader in a
wide range of industries.
Samsung moved into lines of
business such as insurance,
securities and retail.
In 1947, Cho Hong-jai, the
Hyosung group's founder, jointly
invested in a new company called
Samsung Mulsan Gongsa, or the
Samsung Trading Corporation,
with the Samsung's founder Lee
Byung-chull. The trading firm
grew to become the present-day
Samsung C&T Corporation. After
a few years, Cho and Lee
separated due to differences in
management style. Cho wanted a
30 equity share. Samsung Group
was separated into Samsung
Group and Hyosung Group,
Hankook Tire and other
businesses.[18][19]
 In the late 1960s,
Samsung Group entered the
electronics industry. It formed
several electronics-related
divisions, such as Samsung
Electronics Devices, Samsung
Electro- Mechanics, Samsung
Corning and Samsung
Semiconductor &
Telecommunications, and made
the facility in Suwon. Its first
product was a black-and-white
television set.
In 1980, Samsung acquired the
Gumi-based Hanguk Jeonja
Tongsin and entered
telecommunications hardware.
Its early products were
switchboards. The facility was
developed into the telephone and
fax

manufacturing systems and

became the center of Samsung's
mobile phone manufacturing.
They have produced over 800
million mobile phones to date.[21]
The company grouped them
together under Samsung
Electronics in the 1980s.
After Lee, the founder's death in
1987, Samsung Group was
separated into four business
groups—Samsung Group,
Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and
the Hansol Group.[22] Shinsegae
(discount store, department store)
was originally part of Samsung
Group, separated in the 1990s
from the Samsung Group along
with CJ Group
(Food/Chemicals/Entertainment/l
ogistics), and the Hansol Group
(Paper/Telecom). Today these
separated groups are independent
and they are not part of or
connected to the Samsung
Group.[23] One Hansol Group
representative said, "Only people
ignorant of the laws governing
the business world could believe
something so absurd", adding,
"When Hansol separated from the
Samsung Group in 1991, it severed
all payment guarantees and
share-holding ties with Samsung
affiliates." One Hansol Group
source asserted, "Hansol,
Shinsegae, and CJ have been
under independent management
since their respective separations
from the Samsung Group". One
Shinsegae department store
executive director said,
"Shinsegae has no payment
guarantees associated with the
Samsung Group".[23]
In 1980s,
Samsung Electronics began to
invest heavily in research and
development, investments that
were pivotal in pushing the
company to the forefront of the
global electronics industry. In
1982, it built a television assembly
plant in Portugal; in 1984, a plant
in New York; in 1985, a

plant in Tokyo; in 1987, a facility

in England; and another facility
in Austin, Texas, in 1996. As of
2012, Samsung has invested more
than US$13,000,000,000 in the
Austin facility, which operates
under the name Samsung Austin
Semiconductor. This makes the
Austin location the largest foreign
investment in Texas and one of the
largest single foreign investments
in the United States.
Samsung started to rise as an
international corporation in the
1990s. Samsung's construction
branch was awarded contracts to
build one of the two Petronas
Towers in Malaysia, Taipei 101 in
Taiwan and the Burj Khalifa in
United Arab Emirates.[26] In 1993,
Lee Kun-hee sold off ten of
Samsung Group's subsidiaries,
downsized the company, and
merged other operations to
concentrate on three industries:
electronics, engineering and
chemicals. In 1996, the Samsung
Group reacquired the
Sungkyunkwan University
foundation.
Samsung became the world's
largest producer of memory chips
in 1992 and is the world's second-
largest chipmaker after Intel (see
Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor
Market Share Ranking Year by
Year).[27] In 1995, it created its first
liquid-crystal display screen. Ten
years later, Samsung grew to be
the world's largest manufacturer
of liquid- crystal display panels.
Sony, which had not invested in
large-size TFT-LCDs, contacted
Samsung to cooperate, and, in
2006, S-LCD was established as a
joint venture between Samsung
and Sony in order to provide a
stable supply of LCD panels for
both manufacturers. S-LCD was
owned by Samsung (50% plus one
share) and Sony (50% minus one
share) and operates its factories
and facilities in

Tangjung, South Korea. As of 26

December 2011, it was announced
that Samsung had acquired the
stake of Sony in this joint
venture.[28]
Compared to other
major Korean companies,
Samsung survived the 1997 Asian
financial crisis relatively
unharmed. However, Samsung
Motor was sold to Renault at a
significant loss. As of 2010,
Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent
owned by Renault and 19.9
percent owned by Samsung.
Additionally, Samsung
manufactured a range of aircraft
from the 1980s to 1990s. The
company was founded in 1999 as
Korea Aerospace Industries
(KAI), the result of merger
between then three domestic
major aerospace divisions of
Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo
Heavy Industries and Hyundai
Space and Aircraft Company.
However, Samsung still
manufactures aircraft engines
and gas turbines.
In 2000, Samsung opened a
computer programming
laboratory in Warsaw, Poland.
Its work began with set- top-box
technology before moving into
digital TV and smartphones. As of
2011, the Warsaw base is
Samsung's most important R&D
center in Europe, forecast to be
recruiting 400 new-hires per year
by the end of 2013.
In 2010, Samsung announced a
ten-year growth strategy
centered around five
businesses.[31] One of these
businesses was to be focused on
biopharmaceuticals, to which has
committed ₩2,100,000,000,000.
In December 2011, Samsung
Electronics sold its hard disk
drive business to Seagate.
In first quarter of 2012, Samsung
Electronics became the world's
largest mobile phone maker by
unit sales, overtaking Nokia,
which had been the market leader
since 1998.[34][35] In the edition of
the Austin American- Statesman
issued on August 21, 2012,
Samsung confirmed plans to
spend 3 to 4 billion dollars
converting half of its Austin chip
manufacturing plant to a more
profitable chip. [36] The conversion
should start in early 2013 with
production on line by the end of
2013. On March 14, 2013,
Samsung unveiled the Galaxy S4.
On August 24, 2012, nine
American jurors ruled that
Samsung had to pay Apple $1.05
billion in damages for violating
six of its patents on smartphone
technology. The award was still
less than the $2.5 billion
requested by Apple. The decision
also ruled that Apple did not
violate five Samsung patents cited
in the case.[37] Samsung decried the
decision saying that the move
could harm innovation in the
sector.[38] It also followed a South
Korean ruling stating that both
companies were guilty of
infringing on each other's
intellectual property.[39] In first
trading after the ruling, Samsung
shares on the Kospi index fell
7.7%, the largest fall since October
24, 2008, to 1,177,000 Korean
won.[40] Apple then sought to ban
the sales of eight Samsung phones
(Galaxy S 4G, Galaxy S2 AT&T,
Galaxy S2 Skyrocket, Galaxy S2 T-
Mobile, Galaxy S2 Epic 4G,
Galaxy S Showcase, Droid Charge
and Galaxy Prevail) in the United
States[41] which has been denied by
the court.[42] On September 4, 2012,
Samsung announced that it plans
to examine all of its Chinese
suppliers for possible

violations of labor policies. The

company said it will carry out
audits of 250 Chinese companies
that are its exclusive suppliers to
see if children under the age of 16
are being used in their
factories.[43]
In 2013, a New Zealand news
outlet reported a number of
Samsung washing machines
spontaneously catching on fire.[44]
The corporation is expected to
spend $14 billion on advertising
and marketing in 2013, with
publicity appearing in TV and
cinema ads, on billboards and at
sports and arts events. In
November 2013, the corporation
was valued at $227 billion.[45]
In May 2014, Samsung announced
it would be shutting down its
streaming service on July 1, 2014,
also meaning the end of the
Samsung Music Hub app that
typically comes installed on its
Android phones.[46]
On September 3, 2014, Samsung
announced Gear VR, a virtual
reality device in collaboration
with Oculus VR and developed for
the Galaxy Note 4.[47]
In October
2014, Samsung announced a $14.7
billion investment to build a chip
plant in South Korea.
Construction will begin next year
with production beginning in
2017. The company has not yet
decided the type of chips to be
produced.[48]
In October 2014, Samsung also
announced it would invest 633
billion South Korean won ($560
million USD) in the construction
of a new 700,000 square metre
production complex in Vietnam.[49]
Samsung plans to launch a new
set of services beginning early
2015. The goal of this new suite of
business offerings, dubbed
Samsung 360 Services, is to
become a help desk of sorts for
businesses IT departments. The
customizable

services range from technical

support to security solutions for
having a Samsung employee
embedded in a client's business as
an on-site support manager or
technology consultant.[50]
On December 2, 2014, Samsung
announced it will sell Fiber Optics
to U.S. speciality glass
manufacturer Corning
Inc.[51]
Samsung Electronics Inc. is
expanding in Silicon Valley with a
$300 million facility in San Jose,
California. The 10- story complex
will include 1.1 million square feet
of floor space, a clean room for
semiconductors and a "fitness
center in the sky". The facility will
be split between semiconductor
research and development and
other sales and marketing
functions. It will serve as the
North America headquarters for
semiconductor operations.[52]
In
2015, Samsung has been granted
more U.S. patents than any other
company - including IBM, Google,
Sony, Microsoft and Apple. The
company received 7,679 utility
patents through 11 December.
In January 2016, Samsung
announced it will be working with
Microsoft to develop IoT devices
based on Windows 10, where the
companies will work together to
develop products that will run on
the platform, as well as integrate
with other companies developing
hardware and services on
Microsoft's OS.[54]
Samsung released a fitness
smartwatch called the Gear Fit 2
and a brand of wireless earbuds
called Gear Icon X.[55] On 2 August
2016, Samsung unveiled the
Galaxy Note7 smartphone,[56]
which went on sale on 19 August
2016. However, in early
September 2016, Samsung
suspended

sales of the phone and announced

an informal recall. This
occurred after some units of the
phones had batteries with
a defect that caused them to
produce excessive heat,
leading to fires and explosions.
Samsung replaced the
recalled units of the phones with a
new version; however,
it was later discovered that the
new version of the Galaxy
Note 7 also had the battery defect.
Samsung recalled all
Galaxy Note7 smartphones
worldwide on 10 October 2016,
and permanently ended
production of the phone the
following day.[citation needed]
On 31 August 2016, Samsung
announced the Gear S3
smartwatch, which was released
on 18 November 2016.[57] On 29
March 2017, Samsung unveiled its
new Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+
flagship smartphones. On 29
August 2017, Samsung announced
its Samsung Galaxy Note8
flagship smartphone. These
phones were also complemented
by a number of low-end and mid-
range phones, as well as the
Samsung Galaxy S8 Active
smartphone, in 2017.
Milestones :
2016 :
· Announced plan to acquire HARMAN
(Acquisition completed March 2017)
· Announced
comprehensive roadmap to enhance long-term shareholder
value creation
· Acquired Dacor, Joyent and Viv Labs
·
Started industry’s first mass production of system-on-chip
with 10-nanometer FinFET Technology
· Introduced world’s
first Universal Flash Storage (UFS) removable memory card
Line-up, offering up to
  256-Gigabyte (GB)
capacity

· Brought Galaxy S7 and Galaxy S7 edge to the global

market
· Began mass producing world’s fastest DRAM –
based on newest high bandwidth memory (HBM) interface
·
Revealed spectacular 2016 Quantum dot TV lineup to begin a
new decade of global TV leadership
2015 :
· Maintained
No.1 position in the global TV market for 10 consecutive
years
· Began mass production of the industry’s first 12Gb
LPDDR4 mobile DRAM
· Unveiled SleepSense, a personal
sleep monitoring device that helps people improve the quality
of their
  sleep
· Launched the Gear S2, a
stylish smartwatch with a versatile circular design and rotating
bezel
· Began mass production of the industry’s first 256Gb
V-NAND flash memory
· Launched the mobile payment
service, Samsung Pay
· Acquired YESCO, an American-
based manufacturer of LED displays, and launched its LED
signage business
· Unveiled the Galaxy S6 and Galaxy S6
edge with the world’s first curved display on both sides
·
Announced mass production of industry’s first 14nm FinFET
mobile AP
2014 :
· Ranked as the 7th most valuable brand
in the world, in Interbrand’s ‘Best 100 Global Brands 2014’
report<br>
· Unveiled the Galaxy Note Edge, the world’s
first smartphone with a curved edge screen, along with
the<br>
&nbsp; Gear S, the first wearable device featuring
3G connectivity<br>
· Acquired SmartThings, a U.S.-based
IoT (Internet of Things) platform developer<br>
· Renewed
Samsung’s agreement with the IOC, extending its sponsorship
of the Olympic Games through to
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;2020<br>
· Opened a new
semiconductor factory in Xi’an, China<br>
· Released the world’s first 105” curved UHD TV<br>
·
Started DRAM mass production with the industry’s first 20nm
process technology (4Gb DDR3)<br>
· Unveiled the world’s
first 85’’ bendable UHD TV</p>
2013 :
· Launched Galaxy
S4 in the global markets<br>
· Began mass producing the
world's first 20 nanometer 4Gb ultra high-speed mobile
DRAM</p>
2012:
Took 9th place among global top 100
brands with a brand value of USD 32.9 billion<br> · The LCD
business was sent to Samsung Mobile Display</p>
2011
:
Began construction of the 7.5G LCD manufacturing plant
in Suzhou, China<br>
· Signed a patent sharing license
agreement with IBM</p>
3.4 Other Accolades
AdGully DIGIXX awards: 2017
TRA Most Trusted Brand: 2017
Global Mobile Awards: 2017
Brand Equity Most Trusted Brand: 2016
TeleAnalysis Leadership Awards: 2016 Brand Equity
Most Trusted Brand: 2015 Golden Globe Tigers
Award: 2015 Exhibit Tech Awards: 2015
Mobility Excellence Award: 2017
Exhibit Tech Awards: 2015

Research
Methodol
ogy
Indian industry has come a long way from the command, control
style of functioning rooted in an inward looking Import
substitution policy to an export orientation, globally competitive,
quality driven style of functioning. In short term, with improved
investment, scenario coupled with government continual through
and reforms, the industrial performance is expected to do better.
But in large run, the performance depends on how well the reform
are initiated, the investment and growth in Infrastructure, the
continued availability of natural resources avail of low-cost , high
skill workforce and global market scenario. For sure is that it will
gain momentum on the wheel of growth has been set to motion.

Objectives of the study

• To obtain a summary analysis of external and internal factors. • 


• To identify the good and weak points of the firm. 
• 


• To identify the future scope and opportunities of the company. 


•
• To identify the companies' competitors and threats in the

market.
Type of research
In this study of swot analysis of Indian manufacturing companies ,
explanatory research has been done.

Data sources
The information and the data is in the form of secondary data.
Most of data is collected through internet.

Limitations of study
1. Data collected form internet can be out of date. 2.

3. Information gathered can be wrong too in some cases. 4.

5. Some companies might have overcome with the their threats

which are still in their swot analysis on websites.
6.
 7. Not , more companies share their strong and weak points
with public so their swot
analysis is difficult.

Analysis
And
Represent
ation
1. SWOT Analysis of Samsung
Samsung Electronics Co. Limited (OTC: SSNLF) is actually
the consumer electronics subsidiary of the Samsung Group, a
conglomerate based in Suwon, South Korea. Outside of Korea,
Samsung is best known as the world’s largest manufacturer of
mobile phones and smartphones, including the highly popular
and successful Galaxy.
It is also the world’s largest manufacturer of televisions and
LCD panels. Thanks to its manufacturing and marketing
expertise, Samsung is regarded as the world’s second largest
consumer electronics company. Only its American rival, Apple
Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL), reported larger revenues.
Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine exactly what Samsung’s
are because it is based in Korea and not covered by U.S.
corporate reporting laws. Samsung did report an estimated TTM
revenue of $42.35 billion for the second quarter of 2015. That
figure is based on sales of 48 trillion Korean won.

Strengths in The SWOT analysis of Samsung:

Samsung is the world’s most successful electronics manufacturer.
It is the world’s largest manufacturer of television sets, liquid crystal
display (LCD) panels, mobile phones and smartphones.
• Samsungistheworld’snumberonemarketerofmobilephoneswith21.
4%oftheworld’s largest market share in the second quarter of
2015. Apple is number two with 13.9%[2] 


• Samsung has impressive research and design capabilities. It was

able to create and roll out Samsung Pay, a payment app with
similar capabilities to Apple Pay, in less than a year.
Samsung has been able to replicate many of the capabilities
of both Apple Inc.’s phones and Google Inc.’s Android
operating system for mobile devices. 


• Samsunghasstrongmanufacturingandmarketingcapabilities. 


• Samsung has long-standing relationships with retailers in the

United States and Europe that provide a steady sales
channel for its products. 


•
Weaknesses in The SWOT analysis of
Samsung :
Samsung has not been able to match Apple Inc.’s marketing
capabilities for smartphones. Its share of the U.S. smartphone
market fell by 2.3% between 2014 and 2015. In contrast, Apple’s
share price grew by 34.9%.

• Some Chinese competitors are catching up to Samsung in the

smartphone market. Between 2014 and 2015 Huawei’s share
grew by 48.1%, and Xiaomi’s share grew by 29.4%. 


• Samsung is heavily dependent upon consumer electronics sales

in markets with limited potential for growth, such as the
United States and Europe, for much of its revenue. 

• Samsung’s devices use the Google Android open source
operating system. Many consumers seem to view Android as
an inferior product to Apple’s iOS. The public has not been as
accepting of Android as the tech community has. 


• Some consumers view Apple products as more advanced and

dependable than Samsung products. 


• Samsung’smarketingeffortsarenotassophisticatedasApple’s. 


Opportunities in The SWOT analysis of Samsung :

Growing market for smartphones, tablets and
other mobile devices, especially in developing
regions such as Africa and India, where consumers
are unfamiliar with PCs. Sales of tablets finally
overtook sales of traditional personal computers in
2015.[3]

• Increaseddemandfortabletandsmartphone-
basedsolutionssuchasSamsungPay
 •
Newtechnologiessuchaswearabletech
 •
Growingmiddleclassindevelopingworldwillincreasemarketforconsu
merelectronics. •
GrowingonlinemarketfromsaleschannelssuchasAmazon.com

Threats in The SWOT analysis of Samsung :

Apple has emerged as the dominant smartphone
and tablet brand in some markets, such as the
United States. Samsung has not been able to
overcome Apple’s reputation for reliability.
• Apple’sreputationforquality,reliabilityandsophisticationseemstobe
growing. 


• The Google Android operating system, which Galaxy devices

depend upon, is not as 
popular with average people as iOS
is. 


• Declining or stagnating middle-class incomes in North America

and the United States could reduce consumer buying power
in those key markets for Samsung. 


• Chinese manufacturers such as Huawei and Xiaomi could

emerge as serious rivals to Samsung. These companies’
share of the critical mobile device market is growing while
Samsung’s is falling. 


• Apple could enter more consumer products areas such as home

appliances and cameras and directly compete with Samsung
in those markets. 


Samsung maintains impressive research, design and

manufacturing capabilities, but it appears to have lost its edge in
marketing. This company may need to revamp its smartphone
marketing and perhaps design efforts in order to maintain market
share in critical arenas like the U.S.

New capabilities like Samsung Pay will be critical if this company

wants to maintain its position as an industry leader. Samsung will
also need to learn to deal with aggressive Chinese competitors and
Apple’s reputation.

Conclusion
SWOT Analysis is an uncomplicated; however,
helpful structure for analysing business’s 
concentrate on
your strengths, reduce threats, and take the utmost possible
benefit of 
opportunities accessible to you. 

SWOT Analysis can be utilized to “beginning” plan
formulation, or in a more refined 
approach as a sober
policy tool. 

You can as well make use of it to find a perceptive
of your opponents, which can present 
you the insights you
require to come up with a successful and coherent viable
position. 

While doing SWOT Analysis, be rigorous and
realistic. 

Make use it at the correct stage, and complement it
with other alternative production tools 
where fitting. 

Make use of SWOT like a guide and not a
recommendation. 


Recommendation 
 


For increasing the sales and expanding the business

every one’s support is require for that 
several things which
help to improve the business are given below: - 

The company should be able to use an ethical
management strategy that will uplift the 
image of the
company. 

Uses of marketing knowledge, concepts, and
techniques as well as with the social 
consequences of
marketing policies, decisions and actions. 
Every business
organization should understand the importance the culture,
regulatory & ecological issues in different countries.