FUNCTIONAL SKILL

1.Offering Help
There are a number of formulas used when offering help in English. Here are
some of the most common:

 May I help you?  How can I be of help to you?

 Can I help you?
 Are you looking for something?
 Would you like some help?
 Do you need some help?
 What can I do for you today?
 Could I help you?
 How can I be of assistance to
you?
 What can I help you
 What can I do for you?
 How can I assist you?
 How can I help you?
 Let me help you?
 Do you want me to help you?
 Shall I …?

Respond offering help

Receiving Refusing
 Yes please, Sure,  No, thanks,
 Why not,  Please don’t bother,
 Ofcourse,  I’d love to but…,
 Certainly,  That’s great but…
 I’d love to,
 It’s a good idea,
 That’s great.

Some ways to offering help for meals and drinks:

 Would you like…?,
 Would you care for …?,
 Why don’t you have…?,
 How about having …?
 May I offer you …?

Example:
Offering Responses
- Would you like some bread? Yes, please.
- Would you care for some coffee? No, thanks. I don’t drink
coffee.
- Why don’t you have some biscuit, Thanks, I’d love to.
please?
EXAMPLE :
Mouse : What happened to you, Lion?
Lion : I was trapped by hunter. He tied me onto this tree. Could you help
me until this rope, Mouse?
Mouse : Sure, I’ll help you.
Lion : Thanks. But...how will you help me?
Mouse : I will gnaw the rope and let you free.
Lion : Thank you very much.
Mouse : You’re welcome.

2. Introducing your self and other people

Introducing your self
 I’d like to introduce
myself.
 My I introduce myself?
 Let me introduce myself!
 I want to introduce myself
Introducing people
 I’d like you to meet … (name)
 This is my
friend/boss/etc…(name)
 Have you met…(name)?
 May I introduce you to
…(name/occupation)
 Let me introduce you to ….
 I want to introduce you to ….

1. This is my friend, Jack. Hi Jack. I'm Linda

my brother, Bob.
my sister, Cindy.
my father, Mr. Harris.
my mother, Mrs. Harris.
my teacher, Ms. Watson.
my student, Carrie.
my friend, Mary Jones.
my boss, Mr. Ritter.
my co-worker, Penny Pitcher.

2. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too.

Pleased to meet you. Likewise.
Very nice to meet you. And you.
It's a pleasure to meet you.
 How to introduce people (in formal situations)

Introducing yourself

I just wanted to introduce myself,

I don't believe we've met before, my name is...
I don't think we've actually met formally I'm...
yet,

Introducing someone else

I'd like to introduce you to…

There's someone I'd like you to meet, this is…
Have you met…?

Example :

Peter : Hello. My name's Peter. What's your name?

Janet : I’m Janet.
Peter :Where are you from Janet?
Jenet :I'm from Seattle. Where are you from?
Peter :I'm from Madrid.
Janet :Are you American?
Peter :Yes, I am. Are you Spanish?
Janet :Yes I am.
Peter :oke, see you next time
Janet :see you.

3. Greeting

Greetings Language in the programme

morning How are you?

sir It's lovely to see you again!
Good madam It's been a long time, hasn't it?
afternoon Mr Jones
How are things with you?
Mrs Smith
evening
 Examples of situations where you might use formal
greetings

Working in the service industry, e.g. a restaurant, hotel, travel

agent
Greeting someone older than you
At work, when speaking to your superiors
Meeting a VIP e.g. a politician
Being polite to someone you don't know very well

Expressions Functions
 Good morning/afternoon/evening.  Greeting someone
(formal)
 Hi!/Hello! (informal)
 How are you, Den?  Asking how someone is
 How are you doing
 I’m fi ne, thanks.  Saying how you are
 Very well, thanks.
 Not so bad, thanks.
 See you.  Saying good bye
 Good bye.
 Bye.
 See you soon /later /tomorrow.

Example :

Mr. Jimmy : “Hi, Tom”

Tommy : “Hello, Mr. Jimmy. How are you today?”
Mr. Jimmy : “I’m fine, thanks. And you?
Tommy : “Pretty God, thank you.
Mr. Jimmy : “Where do you want to go?
Tommy : “I want to buy a kilogram of sugar in the store.
Mr. Jimmy : “Oh really?, See you Tom.
Tommy : “Good bye Mr. Jimmy.”
4. Inviting
Here are some phrases and expressions for inviting in English.
 Do you want to . . .
 Do you wanna . . . (informal)
 Would you like to . . . (more polite)
 How about (V+ing) ?
 How would you like to . . .
 let’s + V1
 Why don’t we …?
 I’d like to invite you to…
 I wonder if you’d like to
Some responds of inviting.

Refusing Receiving
- I’m sorry I can’t - I’d love to
- I’d like to but… - I’d like very much
- I’m afraid I can’t - I’d be happy/glad to
- No, let’s not. accept
- Yes, I’d be delighted to.
- That’s good ide

Polite invitations

Checking someone is not busy

Are you free on Friday?

Are you busy on Friday?
What are you doing on Friday?

Would you like...?

Would you like ...a chocolate bar?

...to come to my house for dinner?

I wondered / was wondering

I wondered ...if you'd like to come to my house for

I was wondering dinner

Other expressions

I would very much like it if you could come along

Shall I bring a bottle?
Example :

Ann : Bob and I are having a little get-together at our place tonight .
Wanna pop over after work?
Jim : Sure, why not? What time do you want me to be there?
Ann : Around 6.
Jim : OK. Want me to bring something?
Ann : No. Just bring yourself.

5. Expressing Surprise
Here are some sample phrases and sentences for expressing surprise.

Expressing Responses
Wow! What a surprise! Yeah!
That’s a surprise! It is.
That’s very surprising! Yup!
Really? Sure.
What? It’s true.
Are you serious? You must be joking! I’m serious.
You’re kidding! No, I’m not.
Fancy that! It is.
I must say it surprise me. Does it?
I find it hard to believe. It is, isn’t it?

Example :

Alex : I went to Soraksan last weekend.

Brian : Really, who did you go with?
Alex : Only my girlfriend and I went.
Brian : You’re kidding… your girlfriend went with you? Did anyone else go?
Alex : No, just the two of us. We had a great time. We climbed Sorak
Mountain, had dinner at the Kensington Hotel and climbed up to
Teetering Rock. It was incredible.
Brian : Let me get this straight. You and your girlfriend went alone to Sorak?
What about her folks and your folks, did they know about this trip.
Alex : Oh yeah…it was no problem.
Brian : Seriously,… I find this hard to believe… I know your parents, they
wouldn’t allow this.
Alex : Honestly, it was no problem
Brian : Wow, I wish my folks were that liberal and open-minded.
6. Congratulations

Ungkapan Respon
Congratulations Thank you
Congratulations on … Thank you and the same to you
I’d like to congratulate you. Thank you. I need it.
I’d like to congratulate you on… Thank you very much.
It was great to hear…
It was to hear about….
Happy birthday to you.
Happy new year.
Good luck!
Have a nice holiday

Expression Function
 You look cute with that hat. Complimenting
 Congratulations! Congratulating
 Thank you for saying so. Responding to compliments and
 Thank you. congratulations

Other expression
Expression Function
 What a …! Complimenting
 That’s a very nice …
 I like your …
 Congratulations on winning … Congratulating
 I’d like to congratulate you on
…
 I must congratulate you on
your …
 Well done.
 Thanks. Responding to compliments and
 Oh, not really. congratulations
 It’s nice of you to say so.
 How kind of you to say so.

Special Days - Social Language

It is common to use a special greeting used just for that occasion on
special days, holidays and other special occasions. Here are some of the
most common:
 Birthdays
 Happy birthday!
 Best wishes / Good luck on your thirtieth (age - use an ordinal number)
birthday!
 Many happy returns!

Wedding / Anniversary
 Congratulations!
 Best wishes / good luck on your tenth (number - use an ordinal
number) anniversary!
 Here's to many more happy years together (used when making a toast)

Special Holidays
 Merry Christmas!
 Happy New Year / Easter / Hanukkah / Ramadan etc.
 All the best for a happy New Year / Easter / Hanukkah / Ramadan etc.
 When making special greetings to children on their birthday and at
Christmas, it is also common to ask them what they received:
 Merry Christmas! What did you get from Santa Claus?
 Happy Birthday! What did your Daddy get for you?

Special Occasions
 Congratulations on your promotion!
 All the best for your ...
 I'm so proud of you!

Example :

Me : hi budi! What a coincidence that we meet here! What books are

you searching for?
Budi : oh, hi Rina! Im just looking for some physics books.
Me : oh! So how was school today?
Budi : it was great. Hey, i've got a great news. I got a scholarship in
Bandung. I'll go there next year!
Me : oh, thats such a great news. Congratulations! You really deserve it.
Budi : thanks, rina. Im really excited about it.

7. Sympathy
A. Expressing of sympathy on minor
a. What’s shame
b. What’s pity
c. That’s a nuisance
d. That’s too bad
e. That’s pity
 f. Oh dear
B. Expressing of sympathy on serious accident
a. Goodness!
b. How terrible!
c. How Awful!
d. How dreadful!

C. Expressing of sympathy on personal circumstances

a. I’m sorry to hear that
b. I’m sorry about that
c. I’m really sorry for them
d. Please accept my deepest sympathy
e. Send my deepest condolence!
f. Please accept my condolences!

Example :

Rina : Hi, Doni. What's up? You look so sad.

Doni : Yea, my grandpa died last night.
Rina : Really? I'm sorry to hear that.
Doni : Thanks.
Rina : If I'm not mistaken, he is in Bandung, right?
Doni : Yes. We haven't visited him yet.
Rina : Does your family plan to go to Bandung?
Doni : Yes. Tonight. We are going to leave for Bandung.
Rina : Oh, I hope your family will be fine.
Doni : Thanks a lot, Rina

8. Pleasure, Displeasure

Pleasure/senang Displeasure/tidak senang

 It’s really delightful/Iam delighted  I’m dissatisfied
 I’m satisfied  We are fed up with…
 That’s great  I feel dosappointed
 That’s wonderful  She is extremely
 It’s really a great pleasure displeased

Other expressions

Expression Pleasure Expression Displeasure

a. I’m so happy …. a. I feel …
b. I feel …. b. I’m really sad to …
c. How happy to … c. ….. feel unpleased with
 d. I’m very pleasure with ….
… d. I feel disappointed.
e. It’s a pleasure to …
f. Pleasure
g. Great!
h. Terrific!
i. I’m pleased.
j. I enjoyed it
k. I love it.
l. It was terrifi c.
m. I’m delighted.

Example :

Buyer : Hello. I bought this pair of shoes two days ago. I wore them once
but I didn't know that the left shoe sole was defective. And
unfortunately it was raining when I wore it, so my foot was wet
because the water got into my shoe. Now I can't wear it anymore.
(displeasure)
Shop Staff : Well, I'm sorry to hear that. Sure it wasn't your fault. We should
have checked them before we give them to you. We are glad to
either exchange them to a new ones or give you a refund. Which
way would you like?
Buyer : Well, that's very nice of you. I'd like to exchange them, please.
(pleasure)
Shop staff : It's our pleasure. Have a seat please while we get your new shoes.
Buyer : thank you.

9. Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction
When we would express satisfaction over one's work, we can use the
expression:
 Well done!
 Great! Good work
 I am satisfied with your work
 You did well
 Your job is satisfactory
 I am so happy about this
 I’m glad to what you’ve done
 It’s really satisfying

When we will express dissatisfaction over one's work, we can use:

 I’m not satisfied with work
 You haven’t done well enough
 I am really dissappointed
 Sorry, but your work is not satisfactory
  Oh, no!
 It’s not very nice
 It’s really not good enough

Informal
Satisfaction
… very pleased with …
… content with …
… satisfi ed with …
… very delighted with …
situation
Dissatisfaction
… displeased with …
… discontented with …
… dissatisfi ed with …
… disappointed with …

Formal situation
Satisfaction Dissatisfaction
Super! Horrible!
Great! Very sad!
Terrifi c! Annoying!
Fantastic! Disappointing!
Smashing! Frustrating!

Example :

Paul : Have you read today’s newspaper?

James : Not yet. Is it interesting?

Paul : Yes, the apology from the company. Take a look. The paper is over there.

James : Picking up the newspaper and starting to read it. Is that all?

Paul : Yes.

James : This is not enough. I’m not satisfied yet. The size of the ads should have

been half of the page. Besides, the company only apologized but they

didn’t mention what they would do.

Paul : Oh, come on. The point is not the matter of the size, but the company

sincere to apologize.

James : Still it’s not satisfying.

Paul : I think they have already shown their good will. It’s more than enough.
10. Asking & Giving Opinion
Asking Opinion Giving opinion
How was the trip? I think (that)….
How do you like your new house? In my opinion….
How do you think of Rina’s idea? As I see, …
How do you feel about this dicition? If you ask me, I feel…
What is your opinions of the movie?
What are your feelings about it?

Other examples
Those expressions are used to ask for opinions.
What do you think of this refrigerator?
So, do you think I should buy those florescent light bulbs?

Those expressions are used to give opinions.

I think the other one’s better.
In my opinion, you should buy the florescent light bulbs.

Here are other expressions that you can also use:

Asking Opinion Giving opinion
 What is your opinion? I think …
 What do you think of...? I believe …
 How do you feel about…? I feel …
 How do you see …? It seems to me …

Example :

Mr. Subroto : "Next month is long vacation, isn't it? Where do you
think we should spend our holiday, Doni."
Doni : "I think Bali is a nice place to visit. There are a lot of
beautiful scenery over there."
Siska : "I do agree with Doni. But, we had been there last
year."
Mr. Subroto : "So, what is your opinion, Siska?"
Siska : "I think Jogjakarta is good to visit. There are a lot of
historical places there. We can travel and study also."
Mom : "Yea, I think so. Jogja is nice place. We've never been
there, right?"
Mr. Subroto : "Mm, What do you think, Doni? Your mom and your
sister are eager for visiting Jogjakarta."
Doni : "That's OK, Dad. I come with you."
Mr. Subroto : "Good. Next month we are going to travel to
Jogjakarta."
11. Agreement/approval,
Disagreement/disapproval
When we find it agrees with the opinions of others, we can say:

 So do I  I’m of exactly the same

 Yes, I agree with you opinion
 It is certainly  I think so
 Exactly  I go along that line
 That’s what I want to say  I agree completely
 I am with you  That's true.
 I am on your side  Absolutely.
 Yes, I agree  Definitely.
 That’s quite true  I couldn't agree more.
 You’re absolutely right!  I know what you mean.
 I suppose you’re righ

When we feel do not agree with the opinions of others, we can say:
 Well, I don’t think so
 I don’t think that is true
 I disagree with …
 I wouldn’t say that
 Exactly not
 I can’t say so
 On contrary
 I don’t buy that idea
 I’m afraid I entirely disagree
 I can’t agree
 I don’t think it’s very good
 Surely not
 I am sorry, but I have to disagree
 I couldn’t agree less
 I’m not sure I can agree.

Other expression of disagreeing

Useful vocabulary for disagreeing

no Note: 'no' is usually followed by a statement (see

I don't agree below)
that's not true
I don't accept (quite direct)
that (quite formal)
Example :

A: I was thinking of holding the company retreat in the mountains.

B: I agree, I think that that would be perfect!
A: I was thinking it could take place sometime in January.
B: That might be a little too cold for some people.
A: Yes, you are right.
B: What about April? April has good weather that isn't too cold or too hot.
A: Yes, that would work out better.
B: You know, maybe we could take a survey to see how that works for
everyone.
A: Good idea! We'll have to get right on it.
B: Fine! Well, I'll get right on it now!

12. Fear, Anciety

Fear Respon
I am afraid Don’t be afraid
I am feared There is nothing to be afraid of
I am scared It is nothing
I am terrified
The sound is horrifying
Anciety Respon
I am worried about… Take is easy
I am anxious to know about… Calm down
I wondered if… I know you are worried but…
That made me worried It is not a big deal
I have been thinking about …. Don’t worry
I am afraid if… Stay cool

Example :

A: we have been walk for 2 hours, where are we now?

B: yeah, i know that. And i think we get more lost
A: yeeeeah, you're a bad tracker.
B: shut up!!
A: hey!! Look at that!!
B: what is that?
A: that is a dead body, we are lucky
B: WHAAT!! Are you crazy!!?? We will die soon!! Oh my gosh
A: relax, if we will die here soon, so. . . it's better if you die here first.
Beside, im hungry. . . And i want to eat meat, fresh meat from your body,
AHAHAHAJAAAHAHAAAA
B: what? What!! Arrrgh
13. Pain, Relief

Pain Relief
Ouch! I’m very relieved to hear…
That was hurt Finally, it was over
It is painful I feel relieved
It hurts me I feel much better
I’ve got a I’m glad it’s over
backache/toothache/stomachache That’s a great relief
I feel sore all over I’m extremely glad to hear…
My eyes hurt Thank goodness for that
Marvellous
What a relief!

Other expressions
1. Expressions of Pain
• I am suffering from a relapse.
• I feel sick./I feel ill.
• I’m sick.
• Ugh, it’s very painful!
• Oh, it’s killing me!
2. Expressions of Relief
• It’s a relief to know that ....
• Thank God for ....
• I’m glad it was done.
• Thank goodness!
• Thank heavens!
• I’m glad about …!
• It’s a great relief!
• Whew

Example :

obama : Hi, i heard you got an accident

bus : Yeah.. i feel broke my left leg on that skate boarding event a
week ago
obama : sorry to heart the accident, how are you feelling now??
bus : i am glad its done, after a doctor freated my broken leg, thank
god for that.
obama : your are lucky you leg fast to health
bus : i can't see how happy i am
14. Like/Love & Dislike/Hate

Like Dislike
I love it I don’t really like it
I like it I dislike it
I am keen on it I am not really interested in…
I am crazy about it I can’t enjoy…
We all enjoy (benda/noun/gerund)…is not my cup of
(benda/noun/gerund)…is my tea
cup of tea I can’t stand
I hate it

Language for expressing likes

Subject Adverb Verb Noun

I (really) don't like it

can't them
stand ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV

About the adverb 'really'.

This adverb as we have seen is very useful in making what you say
stronger. When talking about things you don't like though it can have a
different meaning depending on where you put it in the sentence.
For example:
"I really don't like it!"
This means you have a strong dislike of something.

BUT
"I don't really like it."
This is not very strong. It means that you do not like something, but it is
not a very strong dislike.
 Language for expressing likes
Subject Adverb Verb Noun Extra

I (really) like it a lot

love them
ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV

Example :

Waitress : Excuse me, what can I do for you?

Mr. Li : Yes, would you like giving me the menu list please.
Waitress : Here you are, sir.
Mr. Li : Two plates of fried rice, please.
Waitress : What do you like to drink, sir.
Mr. Li : Well, a glass of tea for my wife and a cup of coffee.
Mrs. Li : Wait a minute, please.
Waitress : What else, Mum.
Mrs. Li : I don’t like sweet tea, so please don’t put any sugar In it.
Waitress : OK, madam. Wait a minute please.

15. Embarrassment & Annoyance

Embarrassment Annoyance
I am embarrassed I am annoyed
I feel ashamed I had enough with it
Oh my God I can’t bear it any longer
Shame on me You made me annoyed
I don’t feel comfortable You are such a pain in the neck
I feel awkward You made me sick

There are some other expressions you can use to show your annoyance.

Formal Situations Informal Situations

I’m extremely displeased with … really makes me mad.

… is very irritating. I cannot stand …
I’m extremely unhappy about this. Why on earth he didn’t …?
 There are some other expressions to show embarrassment, such as:
In Formal Situations In Informal Situations
Formal Situations Informal Situations
What an embarrassment! What a shame!
I must say that it’s an It’s my embarrassment to ...
embarrassment. I was so ashamed.
That’s a real embarrassment.

Example :

A :
Today is my bad day
B :
Why? What's wrong?
A :
I feel down from motorcycle in front of Campus
B :
Really? Are you Ok?
A :
I am fine, but I feel so embarrassed because my shoes were flying
over me and my skirt was torn.
B : You must be very ashamed.
A : You bet. I felt so ashamed to know that. I don't feel convenient
because there were some boys hanging out.

16. Request

Request Acceptance Refusal

Would it be possible for I should be delighted to I regret to say that we
you to come find ourselves unable
Would you be so kind as By all means to go
to I have no objection I’m afraid it’s not
Would you…,please? I’d be happy to possible
Would you mind …? Sure I’m afraid not
Any chance of… Yeah Sorry
Can you…? OK No, I won’t
No problem Not likely
Mmm You must be joking

Granting Request
In the dialogue between Ayu and Palupi you fi nd the following
expressions:
Ayu : Will you tell me about it?
Palupi : Sure, I will.
Ayu : Let’s try to make lepat sometimes.
Palupi : OK.
Sure, I will and OK are expressions to grant a request.
17. Complaint, Blame

Complaint Blame
I’m not at all satisfied with the You’re the one to blame
service It’s your fault!
I really do/must objec to the service It’s your mistake!
I take great exception to… You’re wrong
I want to complain about… I think you're the only person who
This is crazy! could have done it.
It's your fault for (doing
something).

There are a number of formulas used when complaining in English. It's

important to remember that a direct complaint or criticism in English can
sound rude or aggressive. It's best to mention a problem in an indirect
manner. Here are some of the most common:

 I'm sorry to have to say this but...

 I'm sorry to bother you, but...
 Maybe you forgot to...
 I think you might have forgotten to...
 Excuse me if I'm out of line, but...
 There may have been a misunderstanding about...
 Don't get me wrong, but I think we should...

Expressing shocked disagreement

But that's ridiculous!

unfair!

unreasonable!

A negative structure

It's just not fair to charge us for the

starters!
simply
Example :
Guest : This tea is sweetened, and I specifically wanted unsweetened tea.
Staff : I’m sorry ma’am. I’ll bring an unsweetened tea immediately.
Please excuse the mistake.
Guest : No problem, things happen.
Staff : Here’s your tea ma’am. Let me know if I can be of further
assistance. Enjoy therest of your meal.
Guest : Thank you.

18. Regret, Apology

Regret Apology
Much to my regret Please accept my apologies for what
Sadly, I …. I did
Unfortunately Please forgive me for what I did
I’m terribly sorry I am extremely sorry
I honestly regret that I … I really must apologies
Sorry, I … May I offer you my sincerest
apologies?

Language for saying sorry

To emphasise how Examples

you feel

I'm really sorry... I'm really sorry, Pete, I didn't mean to

lose your book.

I'm so sorry... I'm so sorry I forgot your birthday,

Oliver!

To say why you're Examples

sorry

Sorry about... Sorry about the mess. I'll clear up later.

Sorry for... Sorry for taking your DVD.

To say sorry without using the words 'I'm sorry'!

I'd like to apologise I'd like to apologise for the way I spoke
for... to you earlier.

Vocabulary around saying sorry

to apologise
to say sorry, to ask for forgiveness, to express regret
 an exclamation
a word, phrase or sentence that is shouted out suddenly, often
through surprise or anger

to hurt someone's feelings

to make someone feel upset or unhappy

a misunderstanding
this can mean 'a small disagreement'

trouble
unhappiness, distress, worry or danger

a hard time
a difficult time

to be out of order (informal)

to be impolite or rude

Example :

Andi : How was the book fair?

Shinta : Mm…it was really good. There are many good books in the fair. If

only I hadn’t spent too much on shopping, I would have been

able to buy more books.

19. Possibility & Impossibility

Possibility The possibility of asking

I think there is possibility to …
I sassume/believe…
In all probability,…
it is going to be possible for me
to…
that will probably …
it’s quite possible …
Do you think he/it could…?
Would you say we’re capable of…?
Are you capable of…?
Are you able to…?
Do you have any experience of…?
Can you…?
Do you know how to…?
Do you think you can…?
 Expressions for Discussing Possibilities
• Would there be any possibility of …?
• Do you think we are capable of …?
• Would it be possible for (somebody) to …?
• I think that would be possible ....
• Is it possible to …?
• Yes, there is a possibility ....

Example :

Andi : Where is Reza, Bud?

Budi : He went to the zoo an hour ago
Andi : Oh, I was too late to see him.
Budi : There is a good chance of catching)* him if you take a
taxi.
Andi : Do you know his phone number? May be I can contact him
first.
Budi : I think there’s little chance of contacting)** him by
phone.
Andi : OK, I’ll try to catch him by taxi.

20. CERTAINTY & UNCERTAINTY

A Ungkapan kepastian/keyakinan (CERTAINTY):
1 I am sure (saya yakin)……
2 I’m absolutely certain (saya sangat yakin)……
3 I am a hundred percent certain ……
4 I have no doubt (saya tidak ragu)……
5 I’m quite sure ……

Contoh dalam kalimat:

i. I am sure you will pass in the National test, if you study hard
ii. Budi has no doubt in his answer for the English test
iii. The leader is a hundred percent certain about the program, dll.

B Ungkapan ketidakpastian/ketidakyakinan (UNCERTAINTY):

b. I’m not sure ……
c. I’m not really sure ……
d. I can’t say that for certain …..
e. I can’t say that for sure ……
f. I am afraid I can’t be certain …..

Contoh-contoh dalam kalimat:

i. I’m not sure Andi will come here tonight
ii. I can’t say that for certain all students pass in the test
iii. Susi is not really sure that Alan will be love her
Example :

Rini : Rina, are sure Sani will come? We have been waiting for her for more tha
2 hours
Rina : Don’t worry Rini, I’m sure)* he will come soon. Yesterday he promised
to come.
Rini : I can’t say that for sure)** he will come.

21. EXPRESSION OF LOVE

Like Dislike
I love it I don’t really like it
I like it I dislike it
I am keen on it I am not really interested in…
I am crazy about it I can’t enjoy…
We all enjoy (benda/noun/gerund)…is not my cup of tea
(benda/noun/gerund)…is my cup of I can’t stand
tea I hate it

B. Language for expressing likes

Subject Adverb Verb Noun

I (really) don't like it

can't stand them
ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV

C. Language for expressing likes

Subject Adverb Verb Noun Extra
I (really) like it a lot
love them
ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV
Example :

Sinta : Hi, honey. What's up?

Brad : I'm sad. I have to tell you bad news.
Sinta : What is it, honey? Don't make me anxious!
Brad : I have to leave you, honey.
Sinta : Why? Don't leave me. You know I love you.
Brad : Yea, I know it. I love you too. I have to go abroad for 2 years.
Sinta : What? You're going to leave me for so long?
Brad : I get scholarship for studying at Oxford University. Next month,
I'm going to go.
Sinta : Oh, although I feel afraid. But, I'm happy to hear that. We can
still contact using YM and Skype, right?
Brad : Thanks honey. You're my everything.
Sinta : I love you so much.

22. OPINION ABOUT SOMEONE

Italics underlined sentence above is to express an opinion about someone.
1. People see the man as their leader  Masyarakat menganggap laki-laki itu
sebagai pemimpin mereka.
2. I regard him as a wise and honest man.  saya menghormati/menghargai dia
sebagai serang yang bijak dan sopnan.
3. His people consider him a brave man  Orang-orang menganggap dia
sebagai seorang yang berani.
Contoh lain:

1. Many people see SBY as big man and kind  Banyak orang melihat
/beranggapan SBY adalah seorang yang tubuhnya besar dan baik hati.
2. All students consider that SMAN 1 Sagranten is a smart school  semua siswa
beranggapan bahwa SMAN 1 Sagaranten adalah sekolah pintar, hehehe…..

Example :

Ahmad : Mahmud, What is the man in front of the office?

Mahmud : People see the man as their leader.
Ahmad : What do you think about the man?
Mahmud : Frankly speaking, I regard him as a wise and honest man.
Mahmud : Why?
Ahmad : Oh, I see. But it is true that his people consider him a
brave man too.
Mahmud : I think so. He never considers his opposition enemies but
friends.
Ahmad : I hope your village is always safe and peaceful.
Mahmud : I hope so.
23. EXPRESSING OBJECTION/DENIAL
SOME DIFFICULTY WORDS:

Very fond : sangat menyukai Quite = Very : sangat

Become : Menjadi Political Party : partai politik
Enemy : Musuh Leader : pemimpin
I deny that : saya menolak itu I don’t suppose so : Saya tidak
mendukung hal itu
Not at all : Tidak semuanya begitu

Sentences that read bold and italics above stated expression of rejection. Other
expressions that can be used are:
1. I can’t go along with you
2. You can’t mean that
3. I don’t suppose so.
4. Rubbish/Nonsense
5. It’s wrong to

Example :

Jhon : Why don’t you study Economics then become a businessman?

Ali : I think you are very fond of business, so you don’t see the
situation.
Jhon : I deny that. I can see it quite clearly.
Ali : I’d like to study politics. I want to be a political party leader.
Jhon : I don’t suppose so. I want you have no enemy in your life.
Ali : I don’t think that’s right.

24. EXPRESSING WARNING

Sentences that read italics above are examples of memorial expression.
Take care when crossing the road = Hati-hati ketika menyebrang jalan raya
Do it carefully = Kerjakan dengan hati-hati
They should be kept out of the reach of children = Jauhkan obat-obat tsb dari
jangkauan anak2.

Vocabularies:
Bookstore : toko buku Vehicles : kendaraan
Repair : Memperbaiki Expensive : Mahal
Don’t worry : Jangan hawatir Three times : tiga kali
After meal : Setelah makan Reach : menjangkau
Other expressions to express a warning is:
- Look out - Be careful - Watch out
- Take care - Be cautions - Watch out for ……
- Mind you …… - Make sure …… - Be ready for ……
- Make sure you don’t …… - Whatever you do, don’t ……

To respond to the warning can be expressed:

- Thank for the warning
- Thank for telling me
- Yes I will
- I will be careful

Example :

Father : Where are you going?

Son : I want to by an English book at the bookstore.
Father : All right. Take care when crossing the road. There are many vehicles.
Son : Sure

25. EXPRESSING SURPRISE and DISBELIEF

NEUTRAL INFORMAL FORMAL
That’s very surprising. What? I find that very surprising.

Really? No! I don’t believe it! I must say it surprises me.

Here? Are you serious? I find it extraordinary.

Is she? Well, I never! Indeed?

That is a surprise. Oh, no! How very surprising.

I must say it surprises me
What a surprise. Fantastic!

Good heavens. You don’t say.

That’s amazing/extraordinary. Who’d have thought it?

My goodness.
Fancy that.

You’re kidding.

Example :

Alex : I went to Soraksan last weekend.

Brian : Really, who did you go with?

Alex : Only my girlfriend and I went.

Brian : You’re kidding… your girlfriend went with you? Did anyone else go?

Alex : No, just the two of us. We had a great time. We climbed Sorak Mountain, had dinner at the

Kensington Hotel and climbed up to Teetering Rock. It was incredible.

Brian : Let me get this straight. You and your girlfriend went alone to Sorak? What about her folks

and your folks, did they know about this trip.

Alex : Oh yeah…it was no problem.

Brian : Seriously,… I find this hard to believe… I know your parents, they wouldn’t allow this.

Alex : Honestly, it was no problem

Brian : Wow, I wish my folks were that liberal and open-minded.

 SUMMARY ON
DIALOG

Oleh :

DWI MARIA ULFAH (08)

XII IPA C

SMA NEGERI 2 TUBAN

SEKOLAH RINTISAN BERTARAF INTERNASIONAL (RSBI)

Jl. Wahidin Sudirohusodo No.869 TUBAN