Avform

This spreadsheet implements many of the formulae in my Aviation Formulary. (http://williams.best.vwh.net/avform.
htm)
No significant effort has been expended on protecting against invalid inputs.
1.00 Released under the GNU GPL 12/30/00 EAW. No warranties apply!
1.01 Added sunrise/sunset and wind direction in "three GS" calculation. 1/16/01
1.02 Added DME-DME worksheet.
1.03 Added rhumb direct calculations.
1.03.1 Corrected bug in calculation of longitude of apex- which occured if the initial heading was southerly.
1.03.2 Corrected bug in the calculation of the wind direction in the "wind given three groundspeeds".
1.04 Add rhumb inverse calculations.
1.04.1 Corrected typo in cell J27/Intersection - computing distance 4->6 (Thank you Real Jantzen)
1.05 Corrected bug in std atmosphere sound speed using Fahrenheit.
1.06/7 Added spheroid direct and inverse. Convert lat/lon to UTM and MGRS coords.
1.08 Fixed bug in I/O routines when degrees=0 for latitude or longitude.
1.09 Added spheroid/sphere rhumb direct and inverse to the spheroid page.
1.10 Fixed DME-DME sheet - broken by 1.08 fix.
1.11 Copied formulae on spheroid table fixed. Added options for DD.DDD and DD:MM:SS.SS output.
1.12 Corrected bug in ellipsoidal rhumb lines along parallels. (Thank you Christian Dost)
1.13 Refixed the 1.10 fix.
1.14 Extra distance and bearing rows were incorrectly copied on spheroid sheet. Negative distances for due west rhum
1.15 Sign E/W error in the display of longitudes in column N of the spheroid sheet.
1.16 Fixed bug in rhumb ellipsoid direct calcs for 270 azimuths. (Thank you Will Miles)
1.17 Tweaked accuracy of ellipsoid inverse and direct
Usage Notes:
Mandatory inputs are green, optional inputs are yellow, outputs are red. Intermediate results are hidden in uncolored
and can be restored with Format|Columns|Unhide. The calculational work is done in Visual Basic modules which you can
Units for input/output distances are set on each Great Circles sheet.
Lat/lons can be entered in a variety of formats. You must start or end with [NSEW]. Then DD.DD DD:MM.MM DD:MM:SS
The separator can be a colon and or any number of spaces. See the first page for examples.
The sheets are protected to prevent accidental damage- unprotect with Tools|Protection|Unprotect Sheet
Great Circles
Given the location of two points [lat1,lon1] and [lat2,lon2] compute the distance and bearings between them. Show th
and nadir of the great circle.
Optionally:
Compute the locations along the course at intermediate values of latitude, with along track distance (from 1) and the lo
Compute the locations along the course where it crosses specified parallels, with along track distance (from 1) and the
Compute the locations along the course at specified distances, with the local true course.
Additional rows can be added by copying.
Great Circles 2
Given the location [lat1,lon1] and initial bearing, show the locations of the apex and nadir of the great circle thus defin
Optionally:
Compute the locations along the course at specified distances, with the local true course.
Compute the locations along the course at intermediate values of latitude, with along track distance (from 1) and the
Compute the locations along the course where it crosses specified parallels, with along track distance (from 1) and th
Given a point, find the closest point to it on the great circle, with the along and cross-track distance.
Additional rows can be added by copying.
Intersection
Find the points of intersection (5 & 6) of two great circles. Each circle is defined either by two points on it, or by a poin
bearing. In the latter case the point cannot be a pole. Choose the input type by entering 1 or 2 in the appropriate box.
The method used (http://www.best.com/~williams/intersect.htm) associates each great circle with a unit vector perpend
The intersections lie in the direction of the cross-product. Garbage will be produced if the two great circles are the sam
DME-DME
Given two points at (lat1,lon1) and (lat2,lon2), find the points 3a and 3b at distances d13 and d23 from points 1 and 2
Lat-Lon to UTM & MGRS

Convert lat/lon points to UTM and MGRS grid references.
Spheroid table
Intersection
Find the points of intersection (5 & 6) of two great circles. Each circle is defined either by two points on it, or by a poin
bearing. In the latter case the point cannot be a pole. Choose the input type by entering 1 or 2 in the appropriate box.
The method used (http://www.best.com/~williams/intersect.htm) associates each great circle with a unit vector perpend
The intersections lie in the direction of the cross-product. Garbage will be produced if the two great circles are the sam
DME-DME
Given two points at (lat1,lon1) and (lat2,lon2), find the points 3a and 3b at distances d13 and d23 from points 1 and 2
Lat-Lon to UTM & MGRS

Convert lat/lon points to UTM and MGRS grid references.
Spheroid table
Lookup table of a and f used by spheroid
Spheroid
Computes the location of points of known distance and azimuth from an initial lat/lon along the spheroid geodesic ("g
Compares the results to the standard great circle model on a sphere. xtd-err and atd-err are the distances across an
circle that the spheroid end-point lies.
Computes the distance and bearing between two locations using both spheroid and spherical earth models.
Makes corresponding calculations using rhumb lines instead of geodesics.
Rhumb
Given initial point (lat1,lon1) and a bearing, find the lat/lons of points on the rhumb line at given distances. These dis
the distance to the corresponding pole, where the rhumb line ends.
Given two points (lat1,lon1) and (lat2,lon2) find the rhumb line distance and bearing between them.
Wind
Unknown Wind
Find wind speed and direction, given true airspeed (TAS), ground speed, course and heading. Courses and headin
Speeds are in any (but the same) units.
Unknown heading and ground speed.
Solve for heading and ground speed, given TAS, course and wind- the standard pre-flight planning problem.
TAS and wind speed from three ground speeds.
This is a way to get your TAS when the wind is unknown but you can determine your groundspeed (eg by GPS). Fl
120 degrees apart- eg 10,130 and 250 degrees. Note the three groundspeeds. From these one can obtain the TAS
without knowing which is which! Hopefully the TAS is the larger of the two!) With exact data, the results are exact, in
wind. The method works best in light winds (say less than 20% of the TAS). As the windspeed increases, the metho
sensitive to errors in the input. These are minimized if one of the three directions is chosen to be approximately down
StdAtm
Find temperature, pressure, density and sound speed as a function of altitude for the 1976 US Standard Atmosphere
for the first two layers (up to 20km ~ 65617 feet). There are two tables, on the left for heights in feet, on the right for
Different units can be chosen by setting the switches at the top of the corresponding columns. Heights can be change
rows.
Altitude
Pressure Altitude - what an altimeter indicates when set to 29.92"
Indicated Altitude- what an altimeter indicates when set to the local altimeter setting, equals true altitude at field ele
Field Elevation- the height above MSL of the altimeter setting reporting point.
True Altitude- height above MSL.
Density Altitude- height in the ISA (International standard atmosphere- see above) with the same air density.
Provides means of computing these quantities.
Sun
Calculate the time of local sunset given latitude, longitude and date. Depending on how far the sun is required to dip
the horizon, we have "official sunset", and the end of civil, nautical and astronomical twilight.
Enter the time difference to UTC (eg PST = -8 ) to get local time.
est.vwh.net/avform.htm)
as southerly.
eeds".
zen)
S output.
stances for due west rhumblines fixed.
s are hidden in uncolored columns,

ic modules which you can access with Alt-F11.
D DD:MM.MM DD:MM:SS.SS formats are supported.
rotect Sheet
s between them. Show the locations of the apex
stance (from 1) and the local true course.

distance (from 1) and the local true course.
the great circle thus defined.
distance (from 1) and the local true course.

k distance (from 1) and the local true course.
istance.
o points on it, or by a point and initial

2 in the appropriate box.
with a unit vector perpendicular to it.
great circles are the same.
d d23 from points 1 and 2- if they exist.

o points on it, or by a point and initial
2 in the appropriate box.
with a unit vector perpendicular to it.
great circles are the same.
d d23 from points 1 and 2- if they exist.
the spheroid geodesic ("great circle").

e the distances across and along the great
al earth models.
iven distances. These distances cannot exceed
en them.
ding. Courses and headings are in degrees.
planning problem.
undspeed (eg by GPS). Fly three headings

e one can obtain the TAS and windspeed (but
a, the results are exact, independent of the
eed increases, the method becomes increasingly
to be approximately downwind.
US Standard Atmosphere. Implemented

hts in feet, on the right for heights in meters.
ns. Heights can be changed in the first two
ls true altitude at field elevation.
e same air density.
the sun is required to dip below

t.
Distance and bearing between points lat/lon format 1
deg:min:sec nm
latitude1 N33:57.00 distance #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude1 W118 24 00.00 deg
latitude2 40 38N bearing 1->2 #VALUE!
longitude2 73:47:00W bearing2->1 #VALUE!
UNITS maximum latitude #VALUE!

nm=1 km=2 sm=3 at longitude #VALUE!
1 minimum latitude #VALUE!
at longitude
along GC
Latitudes of point on GC bearing
intermediate longitude W111 intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate longitude W110.00 intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate longitude 100W intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate longitude E00 01 00 intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crossing parallels
intermediate latitude N36:23.65967428 intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate longitude 2 #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate latitude N34:00:00 intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!

intermediate latitude S34 intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Points given distance from 1 towards 2

nm
distance 100 point latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
point longitude #VALUE!
distance -100 point latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
0=DD.DDDD, 1=DD:MM.MMMM,2=DD:MM:SS.SS
sm
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
along GC
nm
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Lat/lon given radial and distance
maximum latitude #VALUE!
latitude1 N42:36 at longitude #VALUE!
longitude1 W0:01:00 minimum latitude #VALUE!
bearing from 1 135.0000 at longitude #VALUE!
UNITS nm=1 km=2 sm=3 lat/lon format (0/1/2) 0=dd.dd 1=dd:mm.mm 2=dd:mm:ss.ss
1 1
Points given distance from point 1 along-GC
nm bearing
distance 1.5 lat #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE!
distance 1000 lat #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE!
lon #VALUE!
distance -100 lat #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE!
Latitude of point on GC
intermediate longitude W111:00:00.00 intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate longitude W110:00:00.00 intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate longitude E80 intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate longitude W120.0 intermediate latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
Crossing parallels
intermediate latitude N36:23.6597428 intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate latitude 34N intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
intermediate latitude 34S intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Along- and cross- track distance distance

along
latitude N44:30 closest latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude W110:30 closest longitude #VALUE!
latitude N43:15.35 closest latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude W115:13.1568863 closest longitude #VALUE!
latitude N34:39 closest latitude #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude W116:33.0 closest longitude #VALUE!
m.mm 2=dd:mm:ss.ss
along-GC
nm
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
distance
cross
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Great circle #1
1 =1 defined by two points, =2 defined by one point and (true) bearing
lat/lon format 0=dd.dd 1=dd:mm.mm 2=dd:mm:ss.ss

latitude1 N0:00:00 2
longitude1 W0:00:00
latitude2 N2:00:00
longitude2 E10:00:00
bearing 90.00
Great Circle #2
2 =1 defined by two points, =2 defined by one point and (true) bearing
latitude3 N0:00:00
longitude3 E10:00:00
latitude4 N40
longitude4 W110
bearing 360.00
Intersections
nm km sm nm km
latitude5 #VALUE! dist 1-5 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! dist 1-6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude5 #VALUE! dist 2-5 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! dist 2-6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
latitude6 #VALUE! dist 3-5 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! dist 3-6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude6 #VALUE! dist 4-5 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! dist 4-6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
crs 1-5 #VALUE! crs 1-6 #VALUE!

crs1-3 #VALUE!
sm
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
nm=1 km=2 sm=3 DME- DME Worksheet
UNITS 1 1 lat/lon format 0=dd.dd 1=dd:mm.mm 2=dd:mm:ss.ss
dist (nm)
latitude1 N43:36.00 dist 1->3 120.0000
longitude1 W117:51.96
latitude2 N43:28.00 dist 2->3 135.4500
brg 1->2 #VALUE! dist 1->2 #VALUE!

brg 2->1 #VALUE!
latitude3a #VALUE!
longitude3a #VALUE!
latitude3b #VALUE!
longitude3b #VALUE!
brg 1->3a #VALUE!

brg 2->3a #VALUE!
brg 1->3b #VALUE!
brg 2->3b #VALUE!
Latitude/longitude conversion to UTM a
Help!!
Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Latitude
Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec Deg Min Deg Min Deg
N 34: 15: 18.00 W 88: 36: 0.00 N 34: ### W 88: ### ###
N 34: ### W 88: ### ###
###
<------------------------------------------- Copy Rows 7, 8 or 9 below as desired ---------------------------------------------------------------------
N 72: ### E 9: ### ###

version to UTM and MGRS coordinates.
Ellipsoid a 1/f
WGS84 6378.137 298.257223563
Longitude
Deg MGRS UTM Check MGRS to UTM

-88.600000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
9.600000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Coding MGRS digits
Standard 1 5
Ellipsoid a (km) 1/f
Custom
WGS84 6378.137 298.257223563
NAD27 6378.2064 294.9786982138
NAD83 6378.137 298.257222101
WGS66 6378.145 298.25
GRS67 6378.16 298.2472
IAU68 6378.16 298.2472
WGS72 6378.135 298.26
Clarke66 6378.2064 294.9786982138
GRS80 6378.137 298.257222101
Krasovsky 6378.2064 298.3
Bessel 6377.39716 299.1528128
WGS84 6378.137 298.2572236
NAD27 6378.206 294.9786982
Lat/lon given radial and distance/Distance and bearing between lat/lons-
ellipsoid and sphere
UNITS nm=1 km=2 sm=
nm 1
ELLIPSOID WGS84=1, NAD2
#REF! 1
SPHERE 1nm/1'=1 FAI=2
1nm/1' 1
lat/lon format 0=dd.dd 1=dd:mm.mm 2=dd:mm:ss.ss
0
Points given distance and bearing from point 1
latitude1 N42:36.00
bearing from 1 51.0000
Great Circle Ellipsoid Great Circle Sphere

nm deg:min fwd azimuth deg:min
distance 100 lat #VALUE! #VALUE! lat #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! lon #VALUE!
distance -100 lat #VALUE! #VALUE! lat #VALUE!
Distance and Bearing between points

distance bearing (deg) distance
latitude1 N45:0:0 nm #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude1 W0:0:0 Rhumb Ellipsoid Rhumb Sphere
latitude2 N45:0.0001 distance bearing (deg) distance
longitude2 E100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

latitude1 N45:0 nm #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude1 W0:0 Rhumb Ellipsoid Rhumb Sphere
latitude2 N45:1 distance bearing (deg) distance
longitude2 E100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

latitude1 N42:36.00 nm #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude1 W117:51.96 Rhumb Ellipsoid Rhumb Sphere
longitude2 W118:04.5799 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

latitude1 N42:36.00 nm #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude1 W117:51.96 Rhumb Ellipsoid Rhumb Sphere
longitude2 W116:05.4787 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
ween lat/lons-
Cross and along track

difference between
at Circle Sphere GC ellipsoid and sphere Rhumb Ellipsoid Rhumb Sphere
fwd azimuth nm
#VALUE! xtd-err #VALUE! lat #VALUE! #VALUE!
atd-err #VALUE! lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
at Circle Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
umb Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
at Circle Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
umb Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
at Circle Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
umb Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
at Circle Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
umb Sphere
bearing (deg)
#VALUE!
Lat/lon given radial and distance- rhumb line
Dist to
latitude1 N 25:47.5900 N. pole #VALUE! nm
longitude1 W80:17.4300 S. pole #VALUE! nm
bearing from 1 45.0000
UNITS nm=1 km=2 sm=
1
FORMAT lat/lon format 0=dd.dd 1=dd:mm.mm 2=dd:mm:ss.ss
1
Points given distance from point 1

nm
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
distance 5448.13 lat #VALUE! #VALUE!
lon #VALUE! #VALUE!
Distance and bearing between points- rhumb line

nm
latitude1 N 33:57 Dist #VALUE! #VALUE!
longitude1 W118:24 Bearing #VALUE! #VALUE!
latitude2 N 40:38
longitude2 W 73:47
UNITS
nm=1 km=2 sm=
1
Wind Triangles Units of speeds (knots, mph etc) do not matter as long as they are consistent.
Unknown wind
Course 300 deg Wind Dir #VALUE!

Heading 305 deg Wind Speed #VALUE!
TAS 130
Ground Speed 125
Unknown Heading and Ground Speed
Course 300 deg Heading #VALUE!

TAS 130 Ground Speed #VALUE!
Wind Dir 8.3 deg
Wind Speed 15
Headwind and Crosswind Components
Wind Dir 60 deg Headwind #VALUE!

Wind Speed 20 Crosswind #VALUE!
Rwy Dir 30 deg
TAS and Windspeed from three (GPS) ground speeds

The three headings must differ from each other by 120 degrees (eg 40, 160 and 280)
GS1 130 TAS #VALUE! The results assume that the TAS is in fact greater than
GS2 140 Wind Speed #VALUE! case, swap TAS and Wind Speed. This method becom
GS3 140 errors in the groundspeeds as the wind speed increas
be known. However, if it (approximately) known, choo
downwind minimizes the effects of measurement error
HDG1 40 Wind Dir(from) #VALUE!
HDG2 160
HDG3 280
assume that the TAS is in fact greater than the wind speed. If the opposite is the
TAS and Wind Speed. This method becomes more sensitive to measurement
e groundspeeds as the wind speed increases. The wind direction is not required to
However, if it (approximately) known, choosing one of the three headings to be
minimizes the effects of measurement errors.
1976 Standard Atmosphere up to 20km (65617 ft)
0 C 1 psi 1 slugs/ft
slugs/ft33
1 ft/sec
1 F 2 in Hg 2 kg/m 3
kg/m3 2 knots
3 rho0
UNITS 3 Hpa, mB
4 lbs/ft2
3 m/sec UNITS
5 atm
0 0 4 1 2 1
ft C lbs/ft2 slugs/ft3 knots meter
Height Temp Pressure Density Sound Speed Height
1575.42 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 15064
11111 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 333
-500 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! -400
0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! -200
51000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0 C 1 psi 1 slugs/ft3 1 ft/sec
1 F 2 in Hg 2 kg/m3 2 knots
3 rho0
UNITS 3 Hpa, mB
4 lbs/ft2
3 m/sec
5 atm
0 3 2 3
C hPa mB kg/m3 m/sec
Temp Pressure Density Sound Speed
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Alt Setting Unit 1
(1=in Hg 2=hPa)
Pressure altitude from Indicated Altitude etc.

Indicated altitude 1000 feet Pressure Alt 1000
Altimeter Setting 30.15 in Hg Altimeter Setting 30.15 in Hg
Pressure Alt ### feet Indicated altitude ###
Density altitude from pressure altitude and temperature

Pressure altitude 8000 feet
Temperature (C) 18 C
Density altitude ### feet
Density altitude from indicated altitude, altimeter setting and temperature

Indicated altitude 7906 feet
Altimeter Setting 29.82 in Hg
Temperature (C) 18 C
Density altitude ### feet
True Altitude
Indicated Altitude 8000 feet Indicated Altitude 8000 feet Indicated Altitude 8000 feet
Field elevation 5000 feet Field elevation 5000 feet Field elevation 5000 feet
OAT 5 C OAT 5 C OAT 9 C
ISA deviation 4 C True Altitude ### feet Temp at field 15 C
True Altitude ### feet True Altitude ### feet
It is not easy to get an accurate true altitude (actual altitude above MSL) from an altimeter. You need
to know not only the pressure at some point of known elevation below you (satisfied by having the local
altimeter setting), but also the vertical profile of the air temperature between that point and your aircraft.
Setting the altimeter to the local altimeter setting compensates for non-standard surface pressures.
The altimeter then reads "indicated" altitude, which would be true altitude only if the temperature profile was that
of the "standard" atmosphere. Deviations of the actual air temperature from standard causes the pressure to
change with altitude at non-standard rates. In the end, what matters is the vertically
averaged deviation from standard temperature, "isadev". This could be obtained from a radiosonde balloon
sounding, if one were available- one would then use the first of the three calculation methods
to obtain true altitude.
In the second column, the only available temperature is the OAT at altitude, and the assumption is made that
below you, the lapse rate is standard (ie 2C/1000' as in the standard atmosphere).
In the third column, one also has the temperature at the field (the altimeter setting location) available,
and the lapse rate between the field and the altitude is assumed constant.
In the fourth column, the temp at the field is available, but not the temperature at altitude (useful for
precomputation).
Below the inverse of the computation in (4) is made, finding indicated altitude, given true altitude.
To the extent these latter assumptions are correct, the result will accurate...
In the second column, the only available temperature is the OAT at altitude, and the assumption is made that
below you, the lapse rate is standard (ie 2C/1000' as in the standard atmosphere).
In the third column, one also has the temperature at the field (the altimeter setting location) available,
and the lapse rate between the field and the altitude is assumed constant.
In the fourth column, the temp at the field is available, but not the temperature at altitude (useful for
precomputation).
Below the inverse of the computation in (4) is made, finding indicated altitude, given true altitude.
To the extent these latter assumptions are correct, the result will accurate...
True Altitude 8000 feet

Field elevation 5000 feet
Temp at field 15 C
Indicated Altitude ### feet
Indicated Altitude 8000 feet
Field elevation 5000 feet
Temp at field 15 C
True Altitude #VALUE! feet
need
e local
aircraft.
res.
profile was that
pressure to
de balloon
is made that
lable,
or
e.
is made that
lable,
or
e.
Sunrise and sunset
deg min
Latitude N40: 54.0000 Date 06/25/90
Longitude W74: 18.0000 Timezone -4
sunrise sunset
UTC local UTC local
Official #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Civil #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Nautical #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Astronomical #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

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This spreadsheet implements many of the formulae in my Aviation Formulary. (http://williams.best.vwh.net/avform.

Lat-Lon to UTM & MGRS

Lat-Lon to UTM & MGRS

stances for due west rhumblines fixed.

s are hidden in uncolored columns,

D DD:MM.MM DD:MM:SS.SS formats are supported.

s between them. Show the locations of the apex

stance (from 1) and the local true course.

the great circle thus defined.

distance (from 1) and the local true course.

o points on it, or by a point and initial

d d23 from points 1 and 2- if they exist.

d d23 from points 1 and 2- if they exist.

the spheroid geodesic ("great circle").

iven distances. These distances cannot exceed

ding. Courses and headings are in degrees.

undspeed (eg by GPS). Fly three headings

US Standard Atmosphere. Implemented

ls true altitude at field elevation.

e same air density.

the sun is required to dip below

UNITS maximum latitude #VALUE!

intermediate latitude N34:00:00 intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!

intermediate latitude S34 intermediate longitude 1 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Points given distance from 1 towards 2

Along- and cross- track distance distance

lat/lon format 0=dd.dd 1=dd:mm.mm 2=dd:mm:ss.ss

crs 1-5 #VALUE! crs 1-6 #VALUE!

brg 1->2 #VALUE! dist 1->2 #VALUE!

brg 1->3a #VALUE!

Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Latitude

<------------------------------------------- Copy Rows 7, 8 or 9 below as desired ---------------------------------------------------------------------

N 72: ### E 9: ### ###

Deg MGRS UTM Check MGRS to UTM

9.600000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Ellipsoid a (km) 1/f

Great Circle Ellipsoid Great Circle Sphere

Distance and Bearing between points

Great Circle Ellipsoid Great Circle Sphere

Great Circle Ellipsoid Great Circle Sphere

Great Circle Ellipsoid Great Circle Sphere

Cross and along track

Points given distance from point 1

Distance and bearing between points- rhumb line

Course 300 deg Wind Dir #VALUE!

Unknown Heading and Ground Speed

Course 300 deg Heading #VALUE!

Headwind and Crosswind Components

Wind Dir 60 deg Headwind #VALUE!

TAS and Windspeed from three (GPS) ground speeds

Pressure altitude from Indicated Altitude etc.

Density altitude from pressure altitude and temperature

Density altitude from indicated altitude, altimeter setting and temperature

True Altitude 8000 feet

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