ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MESRA : RANCHI

V Semester EE 5103 AC Rotating Machines Tutorial sheet MO’08

Elucidate: Pole pitch, Active length of coil, Overhang, Coil pitch, Electrical degree, Mechanical
Angle, Full pitch coil, Short pitch coil. Fractional Slot Winding and Integral Slot Winding,
Slot Angle and Winding Factor.

1. Derive expression for pitch factor [Kp] and distribution factor [Kd]. Define Kp and Kd.
Establish the relation between an electrical degree and the mechanical degree for a 4pole
elementary machine.

2. A 3-phase, 400 KVA, 50 Hz, Star connected alternator running at 300rpm is designed to
develop 33 kV between its terminals. The armature consists of 180 slots each having one
coil side with eight conductors. Determine the peak value of the fundamental mmf in
AT/pole, when the machine is delivering full-load current.

3. A 3 phase 50kW, 4pole and 50HZ IM has an ac winding designed for delta connection. The
winding has 24 conductors per slot arranged in 60 slots. The rms value of line current is
48A.Find the fundamental of MMF wave of phase –A when the current is passing through
maximum value. What is the Speed and peak value of the resultant MMF/Pole?

4. The stator of a 3-phase, 6 pole induction motor has 54 slots. It has double layer sinusoidally
distributed winding. Draw winding table and winding diagram for phase B and C if phase
sequence is ABC. The coil span is shorted by two slots. Also present its coil group table.

5. The stator of a 3 phase and 4 pole induction motor has 36 slots in which double layer
sinusodally distributed winding has to be done. Draw winding table and winding diagram
for phase B if phase sequence is ACB. Find the winding factor. Give Coil group table.

6. The armature of a 3 phase and 8 pole salient pole synchronous generator has double layer
sinusoidally distributed winding in 90 slots. Give its coil group table and winding table if
phase sequence is ABC. Also find the value of Kd and Kp.
7. Develop coil group table for a 3-phase and 10 pole alternator which has double layer
winding in 72 slots of the stator. Give its winding table for phase A if the phase sequence is
ABC. Find the winding factor.

8. (a) Highlight the advantages of Short pitching winding and fractional slot winding.
(b) A 3phase 50Hz λ -connected alternator with 2 layer winding is running at 600 rpm. It
has 12 turns 1 coil, 4 slots/pole/phase and a coil pitch of 10 slots. If the flux/pole is 35 mWb
sinusoidally distributed, find the phase and line emf’s induced. Make assumptions.

9. A 2 pole, 3phase, 50 Hz and λ -connected synchronous machine has 42 slots in stator.

Each slot has two conductors in a double layer winding. The coil pitch of 17 slots, each has
two parallel paths. Calculate flux per pole needed to generate a line voltage of 2300V.

Module-2

D:\Tutorials> AC Rotating Machines MO’08 1

 10. For a 3-phase, 60 Hz, 15 HP induction motor at rated speed of 1740 rpm, determine :
a) The speed of the rotor with respect to the stator (rpm)
b) The speed of the rotor field with respect to the rotor.
c) The speed of the rotor field with respect to the stator field.
d) The frequency of the currents in the rotor.
11. Compare cage rotor and wound rotor 3-phase induction motor with reference to
construction, performance and applications. Why induction motors are very popular?
12. When a three phase balanced supply is given to 3 phase balanced distributed system a
rotating magnetic field is set up in the air gap which rotates at synchronous speed and has a
constant magnitude . Prove it.
13. Elucidate the basic principle of operation of a 3-phase induction motor. What is slip? Why
an induction motor is called as asynchronous motor?
14. a. How is an induction motor similar to a transformer? What are their differences?
b. How rotating magnetic fields are produced in the three phase machines? Discuss.
15. Discuss the equivalent electrical representation of mechanical load. What is approximate
and exact equivalent circuit of a 3 phase IM? Draw the exact equivalent circuit of the IM
and correlate its parameters with parts of the machines.
16. If an 8-pole induction motor running from a supply of 50 Hz has an emf in the rotor of
frequency 1.5 Hz, determine the slip and speed of the motor.
(0.03, 727.5 rpm)
17. Calculate the speed in rpm of a 6-pole induction motor which has a slip of 6% at full load
with a supply frequency of 50 Hz. What will be the speed of a 4-pole alternator supplying
the motor?
(940 rpm, 1500 rpm)
18. A 12-pole, 3-phase alternator driven at a speed of 500 rpm supplies power
to an 8-pole, 3-phase induction motor. If the slip of the motor at full load is 0.03 per unit,
calculate the full-load speed of the motor.
(727.5 rpm)
19. A 4-pole, 3-phase induction motor operates from a supply whose frequency is 50 Hz.
Calculate (a) the speed at which the magnetic field of the stator is rotating (b) the speed of
the rotor when the slip is 0.04 (c) the frequency of the rotor current when the slip is 0.03
(d) the frequency of the rotor current at a standstill.
[(a) 1500 rpm (b) 1440 rpm (c) 1.5 Hz (d) 50 Hz]
20. A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.02 Ω per phase and
standstill reactance of 0.5 Ω per phase. Determine the speed at which the maximum torque
is developed.
(1440 rpm)
21. A 3-phase induction motor has a synchronous speed of 250 rpm and and 4% slip at full
load. The rotor has a resistance of 0.02 Ω er phase and a standstill leakage reactance of 0.15
Ω per phase. Calculate:
a) the speed at which maximum torque is developed b) the ratio of maximum to full-
load torque c) the ratio of maximum to starting torque
d) what value should the resistance per phase have so that the starting torque is half the
maximum torque ?
[(a) 217 rpm (b) 1.82 (c) 3.82 (d) 0.04 Ω]
22. A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has rotor resistance and standstill rotor reactance
of 0.04 ohm and 0.16 Ω per phase respectively. Calculate the value of the external rotor
resistance per phase to be inserted to obtain 70% of maximum torque at starting.
(0.02533 Ω)
23. A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has a rotor resistance and standstill rotor
reactance of 0.025 ohm and 0.1 ohm per phase respectively. Calculate: (a) the speed at

D:\Tutorials> AC Rotating Machines MO’08 2

 which maximum torque occurs (b) the value of external rotor resistance per phase to be
inserted to obtain 80% of maximum torque at starting.
[(a) 1125 rpm (b) 0.025 Ω)

24. Staring from first principles develop the equivalent circuit of a 3-phase induction motor.
Draw and explain the phasor diagram.

25. A 4 pole, 3 phase, 400v and 50HZ induction motor has r1=1.2Ω, r2’=0.4Ω, x1=x2’=1.16Ω
and xm=35Ω. The rotational loss is 800W. For a speed of 1440 RPM, calculate the input
current, PF, net mechanical power output, torque and effiency.
[ 21.1A, 0.9lagging, 11.91kW, 78.98Nm, 90.5%]
26. Derive the relationship for torque developed by a 3-phase induction motor. Draw a typical
torque-slip characteristic and deduce the condition for maximum torque
27. Develop the equivalent circuit for a 3-phase induction motor and explain how the
mechanical power developed is taken care in the equivalent circuit. Prove that maximum
torque in 3 phase IM is independent of rotor resistance.
28. Derive expression for maximum torque applying Thevenin equivalent circuit ,taking rotor
impedance as the load. Prove that

Tm 1  s m s 
=  +  , where sm = r/xRotor)
T 2  s sm 
Also prove using Thevenin Theorem:
T 1 + k 2 +1
= X + x`2
Tm 1  sm s  Where k = ;
1+ k + 1  + 
2
R1
2  s sm 

29. Sketch the torque-slip characteristic of a 3-phase induction motor indicating there in the
starting torque max for the operating region. How do starting and maximum torques vary
with the rotor resistance?
30. A 3 phase induction motor show that Pgap: Prc: Pmd=1:s :(1-s) where the symbols have
their usual meanings. Explain Air gap power, Torque developed, Net mechanical power,
Useful torque.

Module-3

31. Derive the expression for current locus in drawing circle diagram. Explain the procedure of
drawing the circle diagram of an induction motor. What information can be drawn from the
circle diagram ?
32. Explain the procedure of no-load and blocked rotor tests on a 3-phase induction motor.
How are the parameters of equivalent circuit determined from test results ?

33. Draw the circle diagram of a 10 hp, 200 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase slip ring induction motor with a
star-connected stator and rotor, a winding ratio of unity, a stator resistance of 0.38 Ω/phase
and a rotor resistance of 0.24 ohm per phase. The following are test readings :
No load 20 V 7.7 A pf 0.195
Short Circuit 100V 47.6 A pf .454
Find
a) the starting torque in synchronous watts b) maximum torque in synchronous watts
c) the maximum power factor d) the slip for maximum torque
e) the maximum output

D:\Tutorials> AC Rotating Machines MO’08 3

 [(a) 5,600 synchronous watts (b) 12500 synchronous watts (c) 0.879 (d) 0.195 (e) 10.4 kW]

34. A 3-phase induction motor has full-load output of 18.65 kW at 220 V, 720 rpm. The full-
load power factor is 0.83 and efficiency is 85%. When running light, the motor takes 5A at
0.2 power factor. Draw the circle diagram and use it to determine the maximum torque
which the motor can exert (a) in Nm (b) in terms of full-load torque and (c) in terms of the
starting torque.
[(a) 68.7 Nm (b) 1.08 (c) 7.2 approx.]

35. A 20 hp (14.92 kW), 50 Hz, 440 V, 3-phase star connected induction motor furnished the
following test figures (line values) :
No-load Test 440 V 10 A pf. 0.2
Blocked Rotor Test 200 V 50 A pf. 0.4
The ratio of stator to rotor copper losses on short circuit was unity. Draw the circle diagram
and find from it (a) the full load current and power factor (b) the maximum power
developed (c) the starting torque.
(a) 28.1 A at 0.844 pf (b) 27.75 kW (c) 11.6 synchronous kW per phase

36. A 40 hp (29.84 kW), 440 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor gave the following test
results
No-load 440 V 16 A pf. 0.15
S.C. test 100 V 55 A pf. 0.225
Ratio of rotor to stator losses on short circuit is 0.9. find the full-load current and power
factor, the pull-out torque and the maximum output power developed.
[49 A at 0.88 pf. 78.5 synchronous kW or 2.575 times full load torque; 701.2 kW]

37. Give the distribution of power supplied to the stator of an induction motor at various
stages in a tabular form. How wind age and friction loss are separated from the core loss?
38. A 3 phase induction motor has an efficiency of 90% when delivering an output of 37kW.
At this load, the stator cu-loss and rotor cu-loss each equals the iron loss. The mechanical
loss is one –third of no-load loss. Calculate slip.

39. What are the conventional methods of Speed Control in 3 phase IM? Discuss its pros and
cons.

40. Why starters are necessary for starting induction motors ? Name different starting methods
for 3-phase induction motors. Which is the best method and Why?

41. Describe with construction diagrams the working of the following starters :
a) Direct on-line starter b) Auto-transformer starter c) Star-delta starter
d) Slip-ring motor starter

42. A small 3-phase induction motor has a short circuit current equal to 3.5 times the full-load
current. Determine the starting torque as a fraction of full-load torque if the slip at full load
is 0.03 pu.
(0.3675)
43. An induction motor is to be started directly from the mains. If the starting torque is equal
to the full-load torque, find the starting current in terms of full-load current if the slip of the
motor at full load is 4%. (Starting current = 5 x Full load current)

44. A cage induction motor has a short-circuit current of 5 times the full-load value and has a
full-load slip of 3%. Determine a suitable auto-transformer ratio for starting this motor

D:\Tutorials> AC Rotating Machines MO’08 4

 when the supply current is not to exceed 2.5 times the full-load current. Also find the
starting torque in terms of the full load torque.
(0.707), (Tstart/ Tfull load = 0.375)

45. Determine the suitable auto-transformer ratio for starting a 3-phase induction motor with
line current not exceeding three times the full-load current. The short-circuit current is 5
times the full-load current and the full-load slip is 5%. Determine also the starting torque in
terms of the full load torque.
(0.775, 0.75)
46. The full load slip of a 400 V, 3-phase cage induction motor is 3.5 per cent, and with
locked rotor, full-load current is circulated when 90V is applied between lines. Find the
necessary tapping on an auto-transformer to limit the starting current to twice the full-load
current of the motor. Determine also the starting torque in terms of the full-load torque.
(0.67, 0.311)
47. Describe the effects of rotor circuit resistance on the torque-slip-characteristic of an
induction motor. What is scalar control?

48. Discuss phenomena cogging and crawling in a 3-phase induction motor. What are the
problems caused by harmonics?

49. Draw block diagram for modern method of speed control of a 3-phase induction motor.
Highlight the pros of this method. Give the expression for the output voltage of three
phase rectifier and three phase voltage source inverter after drawing the output voltage
waveform. Also give the justification for selection of the particular power switch.

D:\Tutorials> AC Rotating Machines MO’08 5