INTRODUCTION

Bridge is a structure which covers a gap and provide passage over a river, chasm, road
or any other physical hurdle. Generally, bridges carry a road or railway across a natural or
artificial obstacle such as a river, canal or another railway or road. Bridge is a structure
corresponding to the heaviest responsibility in carrying a free flow of transport and is the most
significant component of transportation system in case of communication over spacing or gaps
for whatever reason such as valleys or gorges. Bridges are classified on the basis that how the
four forces namely shear, compression, tension and moment are distributed in the bridge
structure.
The prototypical bridge is quite simple, two supports holding up a beam, yet the
engineering problems that must be overcome even in this simple form are inherent in every
bridge: the support must be strong enough to hold the structure up, the span between supports
must be strong enough to carry the loads. Spans are generally made as short as possible. Long
spans are justified where good foundations are limited.

In this project, we decided to build a truss bridge. Truss bridge is a simple skeletal
structure which also can be said as Parker design truss. In theory, the individual parts of a
simple truss are only subjected to tension and compression forces but not bending forces. We
are given a job to be done to design and make a prototype based bridge using satay stick and
which could withstand the weight of 10kg.
PROBLEM STATEMENT

Students are required to complete the assessment by 3 parts:

1. Part A: Layout and Design
The bridge layout and design are demonstrated.
2. Part B: Analysis
The bridge is loaded by 10 kg weight at two points. Analysis of the bridge is to
determine the internal force of the truss and the deflection of the truss. Calculations are
done for analysis of structure.
3. Part C: Model
The truss bridge is modelled and has been tested.

Thus, we need to construct a bridge using only wooden stick and adhesive materials (glue).
The bridge constructed has a limitation of maximum height not more than 300 mm and length
of bridge not more than 1200 mm. It is then tested using a point load. The hypothesis is that
the higher the amount of load carried, the more efficient the bridge. The efficient of the
bridge is based on the lighter the bridge, the higher its efficiency. These are what we aim to
achieve for maximum efficiency. We look the bridge’s connections, arrangement of each
member and how forces are transferred throughout the truss bridge. Sets of testing results and
development of our designated bridge through several trial-and-error experiments and failure
analyses are included. Furthermore, calculations of the truss bridge itself are also included.
OBJECTIVES

This project is done for the following objectives:

1. To identify the engineering principles behind bridge building
2. To perform calculations for simply supported bridge
3. To gain understanding of bridge loading
4. To draw/design and build a bridge according to specifications
5. To be able to apply theoretical of structural analysis into designing of a bridge.
6. To understand the main or similar effect of the real bridge by constructing one with
wooden sticks.
7. To analyze the internal forces of each member when a load applied.
8. To develop understanding of the building structure by understanding the tensile and
compression strength of construction materials and force distribution in a truss.