TRABAJO GRUPAL N°4

DOCENTE: DE LA CRUZ DAMIÁN, ALEX GEOVANI

INTEGRANTES:

 Baique Camacho, Luis Antonio(141AD50768)

 Chancafe Ángeles, Nilson(161TD62980)
 Flores Herrera, Cristian(161BE58677)
 Montalvo Chanamé, Fernando(161PD64804)

CURSO: ANÁLISIS MATEMÁTICO III

CICLO ACADÉMICO : 2017-1

Chiclayo, junio de 2017

1. Determinar si las siguientes funciones son homogéneas. Si lo son, indique su gado de
homogeneidad.

y3
1) . f ( x; y ) = x 2 + 2 xy -
x

donde :

( yt )
3

F ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) + 2 ( xt ) ( yt ) -
2

( xt )

y 3t 3
F ( xt , yt ) = x 2t 2 + 2t 2 xy -
xt

�2 y3 �
F ( xt , yt ) = t �x + 2 xy - �
2

� x �

\ es hom ogenea de segundo grado

2 ) . f ( x; y ) = ln ( x 2 ) - 2 ln ( y )

F ( x, y ) = ln ( x 2 ) - ln ( y )
2

F ( tx, ty ) = ln ( tx ) - ln ( ty )
2 2

�t 2 x 2 �
F ( tx, ty ) = ln �2 2 �
�t y �

2
�x �
F ( tx, ty ) = ln � �
�y �

\ es hom ogenea de grado cero

3) . f ( x; y ) = ( x -1 + y -1 )
2

2
�1 1 �
F ( x, y ) = � + �
�x y �

2
�y + x �
F ( x, y ) = � �
� yx �

2
�( yt ) + ( xt ) �
F ( xt , yt ) = �
�( yt ) ( xt ) �
�
� �

�t ( y + x ) �
2

F ( xt , yt ) = �2 �
�t yx �

2 2
1 �y + x �
��
F ( xt , yt ) = ��� �
t � yx �
��

\ es hom ogenea de grado ( -2 )

 �x �
4 ) f ( x; y ) = sen � �
�x + y �

� xt �
F ( tx, ty ) = sen �
�( tx ) + ( ty ) �
�
� �

� tx �
F ( tx, ty ) = sen �
�t ( x + y ) �
�
� �

�x �
F ( tx, ty ) = sen � �
�x + y �

\ es hom ogenea de grado cero

xy - y
5 ) . f ( x; y ) =
x

( tx ) ( ty ) - ( ty )
F ( tx, ty ) =
( xt )

t 2 ( xy ) - ( ty )
F ( tx, ty ) =
( xt )

t xy - ty
F ( tx, ty ) =
xt

t � xy - y �
F ( tx, ty ) = � �
t�� x
�
�

xy - y
F ( tx, ty ) =
x

\ es hom ogenea de grado cero

2. Verifica si las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales son o no homogéneas; en caso afirmativo

determina el grado. No es necesario resolverlas.
1) . xy 2 dx - 4 x 2 ydy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) ( yt )
2

t 3 ( xy 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = 4 ( xt 2 ) ( yt )

t 3 ( 4 xy )

\ es hom ogénea de grado tres

y
2 ) . x x + y dx - y e dy = 0
2 2 2 x

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) ( xt ) + ( yt )
2 2

( xt ) t 2 ( x2 + y 2 )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 3 x x 2 + y 2

( ty )
N ( xt , yt ) = - ( yt ) e ( tx )
2

y
3
N ( xt , yt ) = -t ( y)
2 2
3) . x 3 + y 3 dx - x dy = 0
2 e x

= t 2 N ( x, y )
M ( xt , yt ) = ( tx ) + ( ty )
3 3

\ es hom ogénea de grado 2

M ( xt , yt ) = t 3 x 3 + y 3

3
M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 x 3 + y 3

3
N ( xt , yt ) = ( tx ) 2

� 32 �
�32 �
x
� � �t �
� � � �
 �32 �
�t �( N ( x, y ) )
� �

3
\ es hom ogénea de grado
2

4 ) . ( x + y 2 ) dx + ( x 2 + y ) dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = xt + ( yt )
2

M ( xt , yt ) = t ( x + y 2t )

N ( xt , yt ) = ( ( xt ) 2
+ ( yt ) )
= t ( xt + y )

\ no es hom ogénea
5 ) . x ydx + y xdy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) ( yt )

t ( x) t ( y)
3
t2x y

N ( xt , yt ) = ( yt ) xt

(t t ) ( y x)
3
t 2
( y x)
3
t2N y x ( )
3
\ es hom ogénea de grado
2

6 ) . x 2 y 2 dx + ( 2 x 2 + xy ) dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) ( yt )
2 2

= t 4 ( xy )

N ( xt , yt ) = 2 ( xt ) + ( xt ) ( yt )
2

= t 2 ( 2 x 2 + xy )

\ no es hom ogénea
7 ) . y 2 xdx + x 2 ydy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )
2
xt

5
t2 y x

N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )
2
yt

5
t 2 x2 y

5
\ es hom ogénea de grado
2

8 ) . ( x + 3 y ) dx + ( 4 x - 12 y ) dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( tx ) + 3 ( yt )

t ( x + 3y)

N ( xt , yt ) = 4tx - 12 ( ty )

t ( 4 x - 12 y )

tN ( 4 x - 12 y )

\ es hom ogénea de grado 1

9) . �
x cos ( x ) + y �
� �dx - ( 4 y + x ) dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( tx ) cos ( tx ) + ty

t ( x cos ( tx ) + y )

N ( xt , yt ) = 4 ( ty ) + xt

t ( 4y + x)

\ no es hom ogénea

10 ) . ( x 2 + y 2 ) dx - xydy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( tx ) + ( yt )
2 2

t 2 ( x2 + y 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) + ( yt )

t 2 ( xy )

\ es hom ogénea de grado 2

3. Verifica que cada una de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales son homogéneas y luego
determina su solución.

1) . ( x 2 + 2 y 2 ) dx + ( xy ) dy = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = x 2 + 2 y 2 F ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) ( yt )

= ( xt ) + 2 ( yt )
2 2
= xyt 2
 = x 2t 2 + 2 y 2t 2 = t 2 ( xy )

= t 2 ( x2 + 2 y 2 ) = F ( x, y )

= F ( x, y )

y
u= � y = ux
x

dy = udx + xdu

x 2 + 2 ( ux ) �dx + x ( ux ) [ udx + xdu ] = 0

� 2
� �

(x 2
+ 2u 2 x 2 ) dx + x 2u ( udx + xdu ) = 0

( x/ ) ( 1 + 2u ) dx + x/ u ( udx + xdu ) = 0
2 2 2

( 1 + 2u ) dx + u dx + uxdu = 0
2 2

( 1 + 2u 2
+ u 2 ) dx + uxdu = 0

( 1 + 3u ) dx = -uxdu
2

dx udu
�x = - �
( 1 + 3u ) 2

1
ln ( x ) + c1 = - ln ( 1 + 3u 2 ) + c2
6

1 � y2 �
ln ( x ) + ln �
1 + 3 �= c
6 � x2 �

� y2 �
6 ln ( x ) + ln �
1 + 3 2 �= c
� x �

� y2 �
1+3 2 �
ln �
� �
ln ( x )
6
� x �
e +e = ec

y2
x6 + 1 + 3 =k
x2
2 ) . x 2 y�
- 3 xy - 2 y 2 = 0

dy
x2 - 3 xy - 2 y 2 = 0
dx

x 2 dy - ( 3 xy + 2 y 2 ) dx = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) F ( xt , yt ) = - �
3 ( xt ) ( yt ) + 2 ( yt ) �
2 2
� �

= t 2 ( x2 ) = -3 xyt 2 - 2 y 2t 2

= F ( x, y ) = -t 2 ( 3 xy + 2 y 2 )

= F ( x, y )
\ E.D hom ogénea de grado 2

y
u= � y = ux
x

dy
= udx + xdu
dx

x 2 ( udx + xdu ) - �
3 x ( ux ) + 2 ( ux ) �
2
dx = 0
� �

x/ 2 ( udx + xdu ) = x/ 2 ( 3u + 2u 2 ) dx

udx + xdu = ( 3u + 2u 2 ) dx

xdu = ( 2u 2 + 3u - u ) dx

xdu = ( 2u 2 + 2u ) dx
 du dx
�
( 2u 2
+ 2u )
= -�
x

du
�
2u ( u + 1)
= ln x + c 2

I1

1 du 1 A B A ( u + 1) + B ( u )
I1 = �
2 u ( u + 1)
� = +
u ( u/ + 1/ ) u u + 1
=
u ( u/ + 1/ )

1 = A ( u + 1) + B ( u )

si ; u = 0 � 1 = A v si ; u = -1 � 1 = - B

B = -1

1 du 1 du 1 du
� = �+ �
2 u ( u + 1) 2 u 2
-
u +1

1 1
= ln ( u ) - ln ( u + 1)
2 2

\Re emplazando :

1 1
ln ( u ) - ln ( u + 1) + c1 = ln ( x ) + c2
2 2

1 �y � 1 �y �
ln � �- ln � + 1�+ c1 = ln ( x ) + c2
2 �x � 2 �x �

y
1
ln x = ln ( x ) + c
2 y
+1
x
 1 �y �
ln � �- ln ( x ) = c
2 �y + x �

�y �
ln � �- 2 ln ( x ) = c
�y + x �
�y �
ln � �
= eln ( x )
2
�y + x � +c
e

�y �
ln � �
= eln ( x ) .e c
2
�y + x �
e

y
= kx 2 � y = kx 2 ( y + x )
y+x

y = k ( yx 2 + x3 )

�y �
= 3 ( x 2 + y 2 ) Arctan � �+ xy
3) . x 2 y�
�x �

dy �y �
x2 = 3 ( x 2 + y 2 ) Arctan � �+ xy
dx �x �

� 2 �y � �
3 ( x + y 2 ) Arctan � �+ xy �dx
x 2 dy = �
� �x � �

� 2 �y � �
3 ( x + y 2 ) Arctan � �+ xy �dx = 0
x 2 dy - �
� �x � �

�yt/ �
F ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) F ( xt , yt ) = -3 ( x 2t 2 + y 2t 2 ) Arctan � �- ( xt ) ( yt )
2

�xt/ �

� 22 �y � �
= x 2t 2 3 ( x t ) Arctan � �+ xy �
= -t 2 �
� �x � �
 = t 2 ( x2 ) = F ( x, y )

= F ( x, y )

\ Ecuación hom ogénea de grado 2

y
u= � y = ux
x

x [ udx + xdu ] - �
ux + 2 xe - u �
� �dx = 0

x/ ( udx + xdu ) = x/ ( u + 2e - u ) dx

udx + xdu = ( u + 2e - u ) dx

xdu = ( u/ - u/ + 2e - u ) dx

xdu = 2e -u dx

du dx
�
2e -u
=�
x

1 u dx
2 �
e du = �
x

1 u
e = ln ( x ) + c
2

1 xy
e = ln ( x ) + c
2

I = ln Arctan ( u ) + c

Re emplazando :

ln Arctan ( u ) + c1 = ln ( x ) + c2
 �y �
ln Arctan � �= ln ( x ) + c
�x �

�y �
ln Arctan � �- ln ( x ) = c
�x �

�y �
Arctan � �
ln �x �
x

e = ec

�y �
Arctan � �
�x �= k
x

� �y ��dy � �y ��
4) . x �
sen � �
� = y� �+ x
sen � �
� �x ��dx � �x ��

� �y �� � �y � �
x�
sen � �
�dy = �
y.sen � �+ x �dx
� �x �� � �x � �

� �y �� � �y � �
x�
sen � �
�dy - �
y.sen � �+ x �dx = 0
� �x �� � �x � �

� �yt /�� � �yt/ � �

sen �/ �
F ( xt , yt ) = xt � � 4tsen �/ �+ xt �
F ( xt , yt ) = - �
� �xt// �
� � // � �
�xt

� �y �� � �y � �
= xt �
sen � �
� = -t �ysen � �+ x �
� �x �� � �x � �

�y �
= txsen � � = F ( x, y )
�x �

= F ( x, y )

\ es hom ogénea de grado 1

 y
u= � y = ux
x

dy = udx + xdu

x�
� [ udx + xdu ] - �
sen ( u ) �
� uxsen ( u ) + x �
� �dx = 0

x/ �
� [ udx + xdu ] = x/ �
sen ( u ) �
� uxsen ( u ) + x �
� �dx

usen ( u ) dx + xsen ( u ) du = �
usen ( u ) + 1�
� �dx

xsen ( u ) dx = �
usen/ ( u ) - usen/ ( u ) + 1�
� �dx

xsen ( u ) du = dx

dx
xsen ( u ) du = �
� x

- cos ( u ) = ln ( x ) + c

�y �
- cos � �= ln ( x ) + c
�x �
 y
-
5 ) . xy �
= y + 2 xe x

y
dy -
x = y + 2 xe x
dx

� - �
y
xdy = �y + 2 xe �
x
dx
� �

� - �
y
xdy - �y + 2 xe x �dx = 0
� �

yt/
-
F ( xt , yt ) = xt F ( xt , yt ) = yt 2 xte xt/

� - �
y
= t ( x) = t �y + 2 xe x �
� �

= F ( x, y ) = F ( x, y )

\ E.D hom ogénea de grado 1

u = ux � dy = udx + xdu

x [ udx + xdu ] - �
ux + 2 xe - u �
� �dx = 0

x/ ( udx + xdu ) = x/ ( u + 2e - u ) dx

udx + xdu = ( u + 2e - u ) dx

xdu = ( u/ - u/ + 2e - u ) dx

xdu = 2e -u dx

du dx
�
2e -u
=�
x
 1 u dx
2 �
e du = �
x

1 u
e = ln ( x ) + c
2

1 xy
e = ln ( x ) + c
2

6 ) . ( x - y ) dx - ( x + y ) dy = 0

y
u= � y = ux
x

dy = xdu + udx

( x - ux ) dx - ( x + ux ) ( xdu + udx ) = 0

x/ ( 1 - u ) dx = x/ ( 1 + u ) ( xdu + udx )

( 1 - u ) dx = ( 1 + u ) xdu + ( 1 + u ) udx

( 1 - u ) dx - ( u + u 2 ) dx = ( 1 + u ) xdu

( 1 - 2u - u ) dx = ( 1 + u ) xdu
2

dx ( 1 + u ) du
�x �=
1 - 2u - u 2
u/ + 1/
ln ( x ) + c1 = - �
( u/ + 1/ )
2

1
ln ( x ) + c1 = - � du
u +1

ln ( x ) + c1 = - ln ( u + 1) + c2
 �y �
ln ( x ) + c1 = - ln � + 1�+ c2
�x �

�y �
ln ( x ) + ln � + 1�= c
�x �

7 ) . xy �
= 2x - 6 y

dy
x = 2x - 6 y
dx

xdy = ( 2 x - 6 y ) dx

xdy - ( 2 x - 6 y ) dx = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = xt F ( xt , yt ) = - ( 2 x - 6 y )

= t ( x) = - ( 2 xt - 6 yt )

= F ( x, y ) = -t ( 2 x - 6 y )

= F ( x, y )

y
u= � y = ux
x

dy du
= .x + u
dx dx

dy xdu + udx
=
dx/ dx/

dy = xdu + udx

Re emplazando :

x ( udx + xdu ) = 2 ( x ) - 6ux

x
( udx + xdu ) = 2 x - 6ux
dx

x ( udx + xdu ) = ( 2 x - 6ux ) dx

x/ ( udx + xdu ) = x/ ( 2 - 6u ) dx

xdu = ( 2 - 6u - u ) dx

xdu = ( 2 - 7u ) dx

du dx
�
2 - 7u �
=
x

ln ( 2 - 7u ) = ln ( x ) + c

y
ln 2 - 7 - ln ( x ) = c
x

y
2-7
ln x =c
x

2x - 7 y
ln =c
x2

2 x -7 y
ln
e x2
=c

2x - 7 y
=c
x2

2 x - 7 y = cx 2
8 ) . xy�
= x2 + y 2

dy
x = x2 + y 2
dx

xdy = ( )
x 2 + y 2 dx � xdy - ( )
x 2 + y 2 dx = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = xt F ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) + ( yt )
2 2

= t ( x) =t ( x2 + y 2 )
F ( x, y ) = F ( x, y )

hom ogénea de grado 1

y
u= � y = ux
x

dy = xdu + udx

x ( xdu + udx ) - x 2 + u 2 x 2 dx = 0

x/ ( xdu + udx ) = x/ 1 + u 2 dx

xdu + udx = 1 + u 2 dx

xdu = ( 1 + u 2 - u dx )
du dx
�1 + c 2
-u
=�
x
I

du
I =� u = tgq
1+ u2 - u
 du = sec 2 q dq

sec2 q dq sec 2 q dq
I =� =�
1 + tg 2J - tgq sec q - tgq

1
sec q dq
2 2 cos 2 q dq
I =� = � cos dq = � 2
sec q - tgq �1 senq � cos ( cos q - senq .cos q )
� - �
�cos q cos q �

sec q ( 1 + senq ) ( 1 + senq ) dq

=� dq = � 3
cos q2
cos q

1 senq
=� 3 dq + � 3
cos ( q ) cos ( q )
I1 I2

1� 1 �
tgq + ln tgq +
I1 = �
2� cos q �
�

senq senq tgq

I2 = � 3 dq = � =� 2
cos ( q ) ( 1 - sen q ) cosq cos q
2

�senq �
�cos q �
I2 = �
� 1 dq = �
� sec3 q
� 2 �
�sec q �

1 1
I1 = sec q .tgq + ln sec q + tgq + c
2 2

1� 1 1 �
tgq + ln tgq + sec q + sec q .tgq + ln sec q + tgq + c �
= �
2� 2 2 �
9 ) . x 2 y�
= y 2 + 2 xy

dy
x2 = y 2 + 2 xy
dx

x 2 dy = ( y 2 + 2 xy ) dx

x 2 dy - ( y 2 + 2 xy ) dx = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = x 2t 2

t 2 ( x2 )

F ( x, y )

hom ogénea de grado 2

y
u= � y = ux
x

dy = udx + xdu

x 2 ( udx + xdu ) - ( u 2 x 2 + 2 x ( ux ) ) dx

x/ 2 ( udx + xdu ) = x/ 2 ( u 2 + 2u ) dx

xdu = ( u 2 + 2u - u ) dx

xdu = ( u 2 + u ) dx
 du dx
�
u( u 2
+ u)
=�
x
I1

du 1 A B A ( u + 1) + B ( u )
I1 = � � = + =
u ( u + 1) u ( u/ + 1/ ) u u + 1 u ( u/ + 1/ )

1 = A ( u + 1) + B ( u )

si ; u = o � 1 = A

si ; u = -1 � 1 = B

B = -1

1 - du
� du + � � ln ( u ) - ln ( u + 1) + c = ln ( x ) + c
4 u +1

�y � �y �
ln � �- ln � + 1�= ln ( x ) + c
�x � �x �

y
ln - ln ( x ) = c
y+x

y
ln =c
y+x
x

y
ln =c
x ( y + x)

y
ln
x( y + x )
e = ec

y
=k
x ( y + x)

y = kx ( y + x )
10 ) . ( x 3 + y 3 ) dx - ( xy 2 ) dy = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) + ( yt ) F ( xt , yt ) = - ( xt ) ( y 2t 2 )
3 3

= t 3 ( x3 + y 3 ) - t 3 ( xy 2 )

F ( x, y )

hom ogénea de grado 3

x 3 + ( ux ) �dx - �
�
�
3
� �
x ( ux ) �
2
[ udx + xdu ]
�

(x 3
+ u 3 x 3 ) dx = x 3u 2 ( udx + xdu )

x/ 3 ( 1 + u 3 ) dx = x/ 3u 2 ( udx + xdu )

( 1 + u ) dx = u dx + u xdu
3 3 2

( 1 + u/ 3
- u/ 3 ) dx = u 2 xdu

dx = u 2 xdu

dx
�x = �
2
u du

u3 1 y3
ln ( x ) = + c � ln ( x ) = +c
3 3 x3
11) . ( x 2 + y 2 ) dx + ( x 2 - xy ) dy = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = t 2 x 2 + t 2 y 2

= t 2 ( x2 + y 2 )

hom ogénea de grado 2

y
u= � y = ux
x

dy dy
= .x + u
dx dx

dy xdu + udx
=
dx/ dx/

dy = xdu + udx

x 2 + ( ux ) �dx - �
� [ udx + xdu ] = 0
x 2 - x ( ux ) �
2
� � � �

x/ 2 ( 1 + u 2 ) dx + x/ 2 ( 1 - u ) ( udx + xdu ) = 0

( 1 + u ) dx + ( 1 - u ) udx + ( 1 - u ) xdu = 0
2

( 1 + u/ 2
- u/ 2 + u ) dx + ( 1 - u ) xdu = 0

( 1 + u ) dx = - ( 1 - u ) xdu

dx ( 1 - u ) du �I
-� =� �1
x 1+ u �

- ln ( x ) + c1

( 1 + u ) du = ( 1 - u + 2u - 2u ) du
I1 = �
1+ u � 1+ u
 1+ u -2u
I1 = � du - �
1+ u 1+ u

�u + 1 du �
I1 = � �
du + 2 � du + � �
�1 + u 1+ u �

I1 = u + 2u + ln ( 1 + u ) + c

y 2y � y�
- ln ( x ) = + + ln �
1 + �+ c
x x � x�

12) (2 xy - y ) dx - xdy = 0

(2 xy - y ) dx - xdy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 2 ( xt )( yt ) - yt

M ( xt , yt ) = t (2 xy - y )

N ( xt , yt ) = - xt

N ( xt , yt ) = -t ( x)

Es homogénea de grado 1

Donde : u = ux � dy = xdu + udx

(2 x(ux) - ux)dx - x( xdu + udx ) = 0

(2 (ux 2 ) - ux)dx = x( xdu + udx )

x(2 (u ) - u )dx - udx = xdu

(2 (u ) - 2u )dx = xdu

dx du
�x = �
2 u - 2u

dx 1 du
�x = 2 �u - u

1 du.(1 + u )
ln( x) =
2 �u (1 - u )(1 + u )

1 (1 + u )du
2 �u (1 - u )
ln( x) =

(1 + u )du A B
= +
u (1 - u ) u (1 - u )

Donde :

(1 + u )du A(1 - u ) + B ( u )
=
u (1 - u ) u (1 - u )

A(1 - u ) + B u = (1 + u )

Donde : u = 0

A(1 - 0) + b 0 = 1 + 0

A =1

Donde : u = 1

A(1 - u ) + B u = (1 + u )

A(1 - 1) + B 1 = (1 + 1)

B=2
 1 � du 2du �
ln( x) = �
�
2� u
+�
(1 - u ) �
�

�u �
1 � �
ln( x) = �1 - 2 ln(1 - u ) �+ c1
2 �2 �
�
� �
�

ln( x) = u - ln(1 - u ) + C1

y y
ln( x) = - ln(1 - ) + C1
x x

y x- y
ln( x) = - ln( ) + C1
x x

y
+ C1
e x
eln ( x ) = x- y
ln( )
e x

x- y y
ln( ) + C1
e ln ( x )
.e x
=e x

y
�x - y � + C1
x� �= e
x

�x �

y
+ C1
x- y =e x
+y

y
+ C1
x = ke x
+y

13) (2 x 3 y )dx + ( x 4 + y 4 )dy = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = 2 x 3t 3 ( yt )

F ( xt , yt ) = t 4 (2 x 3 y )
Es homogénea de grado 4

Donde : y = ux � dy = xdu + udx

� �dx + �
2 x 3 (ux) �
� � [ udx + xdu ] = 0
x 4 + (ux ) 4 �
�

x 4 (2u )dx + x 4 (1 + u 4 )(udx + xdu ) = 0

(2udx) + (1 + u 4 )udx + (1 + u 4 ) xdu = 0

(u 3 + 3u )dx + (1 + u 4 ) xdy = 0

dx u2 +1
- � = �3 du
x u + 3u

u 2 + 1 a bu + c a (u 4 + 3) + u (bu + c )
I= 3 = + =
u + 3u u u 4 + 3 u (u 4 + 3)

u 2 + 1 = au 4 + 3a + u 2 b + uc

u 2 + 1 = u 4( a ) + u 2 (b) + u (c) + 3a

b =1

3a = 1

1
a=
3

c=0

1 udu
I = ln(u ) + �4
3 u +3

Re eplazando :

1 udu
- ln( x) = ln(u ) + �4
3 u +3
 u2
donde : = tgq � u = 3tgq
3

2udu = 3 Sec 2 q dq

3
udu = sec 2 q dq
2

1 udu
- ln( x ) = ln(u ) + �4
3 u +3

�3� 2
� � sec q dq
1 � 2 �
- ln( x ) = ln(u ) + �
( )
4
3
3tgq + 3

�3� 2
� � sec q dq
1 � 2 �
- ln( x ) = ln(u ) + �
3 ( 3tgq 2 ) + 3
1
3 sec 2 q dq
6 �
ln( x) -1 = ln(u ) 3 +
tgq 2 + 1

1
3
dq
6 �
ln( x) -1 = ln(u ) 3 +

1
-1 3 �u 2 �
ln( x) = ln(u ) + 3
Arctg � �+ c1
6 �3�

1
3 �u 2 �
ln( u ) 3 + Arctg � � +c
-1 6 �3� 1
e ln( x ) = e � �

3 � y2 �
1
1 6
Arctg � 2 �
� 3x �
= ku 3 e � �
x

3 � y2 �
1 �y � 2 Arctg � 2 �
� 3x �
3
=k� �e � �
x �x �
 3 � y2 �
Arctg � 2 �
x = k ( yx 3 ) e
2 � 3x �
� �

3 � y2 �
Arctg � 2 �
2 � 3x �
G = ( yx 2 )e � �

y
�dy �
14) x � �= y + xe x

�dx �
y
xdy = ( y + xe ) dx x

y
x - 8 y + xe x )dx = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = xt

M ( xt , yt ) = t ( x)

yt
N ( xt , yt ) = yt + xt + e xt

y
N ( xt , yt ) = t ( y + xe )x

Es homogénea de grado 1

Donde : y = ux � dy = xdu + udx

� y
�
x( xdu + udx) = �
(ux) + xe x �dx
� �

x( xdu + udx) = x �
u + eu �
� �dx

xdu = eu dx

du dx
�
e
=�u
x
 dx
�
e du = �
-u

-e - u = ln( x) + c

y
- ( ) = ln( x ) + c
-e 2

y
-( )
c = ln( x) + e x

dy y x
15) = +
dx x y

dy y 2 + x 2
=
dx xy

xydy = ( y 2 + x 2 )dx

xydy - ( y 2 + x 2 )dx = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )( yt )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( xy )

N ( xt , yt ) = -( y 2t 2 + x 2t 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = -t 2 ( y 2 + x 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = ux � dy = xdu + udx

x(ux )( xdu + udx) = �

( xu ) 2 + x 2 �
� �dx

x 2u ( xdu + udx ) = x 2 (u 2 + 1) dx
 xdu = (u 2 + 1)dx - udx

xdu = (u 2 - u + 1)dx

du dx
�
u - u +1 �
2
=
x

du
�
(u - 1) 2
= ln( x) - c2

�
-2
(u - 1) du = ln( x ) + c2

-(u - 1) -1 + c1 = ln( x) + c2

1
- + c1 = ln( x) + c2
u -1

1
- + c1 = ln( x) + c2
y
-1
x

x
- = ln( x ) + c
y-x

16) 4 x 2 - xy + y 2 + y´( x 2 - xy + 4 y 2 ) = 0

dy 2
4 x 2 - xy + y 2 + ( x - xy + 4 y 2 ) = 0
dx

(4 x 2 - xy + y 2 ) dx - ( x 2 - xy + 4 y 2 )dy = 0

F ( xt , yt ) = 4 x 2t 2 - ( xt )( yt ) + y 2t 2

F ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (4 x 2 - xy + y 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 2
Donde : y = ux � dy = xdu + udx

(4 x 2 - x(ux) + x 2u 2 )dx - ( x 2 - x(ux ) + 4u 2 x 2 )(udx - xdu )

x 2 (4 - u + u 2 )dx = x 2 (1 - u + 4u 2 )(udx - xdu )

-2(u 3 - u 2 + u - 2)dx = x(1 - u + 4u 2 )du

-2(2u 3 - u 2 + u - 2)dx = x(1 - u + 4u 2 )du

dx (1 - u + 4u 2 )
-2 � = � 3
x (2(u - 1) - u (u - 1))

dx (1 - u + 4u 2 ) du
-2 � = �
x (2(u - 1)(u 2 + u + 1) - u

(1 - u + 4u 2 ) du
-2 ln x = �
(u - 1)(2u 2 + u + 2) - u

Entonces :

(1 - u + 4u 2 ) a bu + c
= + 2
(u - 1)(2u + u + 2) (u - 1) 2u + u + 2
2

1 - u + 4u 2 = a(2u 2 + u + 2) + (bu + c )(u - 1)

sea : u = 0

1 = a(2) + c(0 - 1)

1= a-c

sea : a = -1
1 - (-1) + 4(-1) 2 = a(2(-1) 2 - 1 + 2) + (-b + c)(-1 - 1)

1 + 1 + 4(1) = a(2(1) + 1 + 2) + (b + c)(1 - 1)

4
4 = 5a � a =
5

4 4
reemplazo :1 = - c � c = -1
5 5

1
c=-
5

hallar : b

�4 � 2
6 = 3 � �+ 2b +
�5 � 5

12 2
6- - = 2b
5 5

16
30 - 14 = 5(2b) � =b
10

�16 1�
� u- �
4du �10 5�
-2 ln( x ) = � +� du
5(u - 1) 2u + u + 2
2

�16 1�
� u- �
4 �10 5�
-2 ln( x ) = ln(u - 1) + � du + c1
5 2u + u + 2
2

4 1 (8u + 2)du 3 du
-2 ln( x ) = ln(u - 1) + � 2 - �2 + c1
5 5 (2u + u + 2) 5 2u + u + 2

4 2 3 du
ln( x) -2 = ln(u - 1) + ln(2u 2 + u + 2) - � 2 + c1
5 5 5 2u + u + 2

Donde : z = 2u 2 + u + 2 � dz = (4u + 1)du

 4 2 3 dz
ln( x) -2 =
5
ln(u - 1) + ln(2u 2 + u + 2) -
5 �
5(4u + 1) z
+ c1

� y2 y � 2
4
�2 2 + +2�
�y - x � �2 y + yx + 2 x
5 � x x
2 2 5
ln( x) -2 = ln � � + ln � 2 �+ ln � 4 y �+ c1
�x � � x � � �
� x +1 �
� �

3
-
�2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 �5
� �
4 2
ln � x2 �
�y - x �
5 �2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 �
5 � 4+ x �
ln � �+ ln � � � �
-2
�x � � 2 � x
e ln( x ) = e � x �
+e � �
+ c1

4 2 3
- x
1 �y - x �
5 �2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 �
5 �2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 �5 4 y + x + c1
- � .
�� .
�� � .e
x2 � x � � x2 �� x2 �

x 4 1
1 -
= ke 4 y+ x
( y - x ) 5
(2 y 2
+ yx + 2 x 2 5
)
x2

2 x 4
x 5
ke .( y - x ) 5
4 y+ x
= 1
x2
(2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 ) 5

x 4
1 ke xy + x
( y - x) 5

10 - 2
= 1
x 5
(2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 ) 5

8 x 4
1 x e ( y - x)
5 4 y+x 5
= 1
k
((2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 ) 5

5
� 8 4 yx+ x 4 �
�1 � � x e
5
( y - x) 5
�
� �= � 1 �
�k � � 2 �
�((2 y + yx + 2 x 2 5
) �

5x

x8e 2 y + x ( y - x) 4
Q=
(2 y 2 + yx + 2 x 2 )
 dy y �x �
21) . = + csc � �
dx x �y �

�x �
y + x csc � �
dy
= �y �
dx x

� �
�x �
xdy = �y + csc � ��dx
� �y �
�

� �
�x �
�y + csc � ��dx - xdy = 0
� �y �
�

�x �
M ( xt , yt ) = ( yt ) + ( xt ) csc � � dx
�y �

� �
�x �
t �y + csc � ��
� �y �
�

�x �
N ( xt , yt ) = xt � TN � �
�y �

es hom ogenea de grado 1

y
donde : =z
x

y = zx � dy = zdx + xdz

� �
�x �
��y + x csc � ��dx - xdy = 0
� �z �
�

� �
�x/ �
��zx + x csc � � �dx - x ( zdx + xdz ) = 0
� �xz
/ ��
 � �
�1 �
��zx + x csc � ��dx - xzdx - x 2 dz = 0
� �z �
�

�1 �
�zxdx + x csc � � dx - zxdx - x 2 dz = 0
�z �

�1 �
x csc x 2 � � dx = x 2 dz
�z �

dx dz
=
x �1 �
csc � �
�z �

dx �1 �
�x = �
sen � �
�z �
dz

�-1 �
�1 �
ln ( x ) = - cos � �� 2 �+ c
�z �
�z �

1 �1 �
ln ( x ) = 2
cos � �+ c
z �z �

1 �1 �
y 2 �y 2 �
ln ( x ) = 2 cos � 2 �+ c
x �x �
� �
� �

x2 �x 2 �
ln ( x ) = cos � 2 �+ c1
y2 �y �

x2 �x 2 �
cos � 2 �+c
�y � 1
e ln ( x ) = e
2
y � �

x2 �x 2 �
cos � 2 �
y2 �y �
x = ce � �
 dy xy + x 2 + y 2
22 ) . =
dx x2

x 2 dy = ( xy + x 2 + y 2 ) dx - x 2 dy

( xy + x 2
+ y 2 ) dx - x 2 dy

�M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) ( yt ) + ( xt ) + ( yt )
2 2

t 2 ( xt + x 2 + y 2 )

�N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )
2

t 2 ( N ( x, y ) )

es hom ogénea de grado 2

donde : y = xz � dy = zdx + xdz

entonces :

( x ( xz ) + x 2
+ ( zx )
2
) dx - x ( zdx + xdz ) = 0
2

(x z+x
2 2
+ z 2 x 2 ) dx - x 2 zdx - x 3dz = 0

x 2 zdx + ( x 2 + z 2 x 2 ) dx - x 2 zdx - x 3 dz = 0

x 2 ( 1 + z 2 ) dx = x3 dz

dx dz
=
x ( 1+ z2 )
 dx dz
�x = �
( 1+ z ) 2

ln x = Arctan ( z ) + c1

eln x = e Arctan ( z ) + c1

�y �
Arctan � �
x = ke �x �

23) . ( x 2 + 3 y 2 ) dx - 2 xydy = 0

�M ( tx, ty ) = ( xt ) + 3 ( yt )
2 2

t 2 ( x2 + 3 y 2 )

�N ( tx, ty ) = 2 ( tx ) ( ty )

2t 2 ( xy )

es hom ogénea de grado 2

y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

(x 2
+ 3 ( xz )
2
) dx - 2 x ( xz ) ( xdz + zdx ) = 0
x 2 ( 1 + 3 z 2 ) dx - 2 x 2 z ( xdz + zdx ) = 0

dx ( 1 + 3z 2 ) - 2 zxdz - 2 z 2 dx = 0

( 1 + 3z 2
- 2 z 2 ) dx = 2 zxdz

( 1 + z ) dz = 2 zxdz
2
 dx 2 zdz
�x = �
( 1+ z ) 2

ln ( x ) = ln ( 1 + z 2 ) + c1

( )
ln 1+ z 2 + c1
e ln( x ) = e

x = ( 1+ z2 ) k

� y2 �
x=�
1+ 2 �
k
� x �

�x 2 + y 2 �
x=� 2 � k � x3 = ( x 2 + y 2 ) k
� x �

x= 3
(x 2
+ y2 ) k

� �x � �
24 ) . x �
ln � �- 1�dy - ydx = 0
� �y � �

� �x � �
ydx - x �
ln � �- 1�dy = 0
� �y � �

�M ( xt , yt ) = ( yt ) � t ( y )

� �xt � �
�N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) �
ln � �- 1�
� �yt � �

dz
u = ln z � du =
z

dv = dz � v = z

�dz �
z ln ( z ) - �
� � ( z) = 0
�z �
 �y � �y � �y �
�� ln � �= � �- c
�x � �x � �x �

ln ( y ) = ln ( x ) + k

eln ( y ) = eln ( x ) + k

y = Qx

25 ) .4 ( x 3 + y 3 ) dx + 3xy 2 dy = 0

(
�M ( xt , yt ) = 4 ( xt ) + ( yt )
3 3
)
(
t 3 4 ( x3 + y 3 ) )
�N ( xt , yt ) = 3 ( xt ) ( yt )
2

t 3 ( 3xy 2 )

t 3 ( N ( x, y ) )

es hom ogénea de grado 3

donde : y = xz

dy = xdz + zdx

4 ( x 3 + x 3 z 3 ) dx + 3x ( xz ) ( xdz + zdx ) = 0
2

x 3 ( 4 + 4 z 3 ) dx + x3 ( 3 z 2 ) ( xdz + zdx ) = 0

4 ( 1 + z 3 ) dx + 3 z 2 xdz + 3z 3dx = 0

4 ( 1 + z 3 + 3 z 3 ) dx = -3 z 2 xdz

4 ( 1 + 4 z 3 ) dx = -3z 2 xdz
 dx 3z 2 dz
�x = -�
4 ( 1 + 4z3 )

donde :1 + 4 z 3 = a

12 z 2 dz = da

4 3z 2 dz
ln ( x ) = -
4�4 ( 1 + 4z3 )

1 da 1
ln ( x ) = - � � ln ( x ) = - ln a + c1
16 a 16

1
- + c1
eln ( x ) = e ln ( a ) 16

1
-
x = ka 16

1
� 1 � 16
x =k� 3 �
1 + 4t �
�

1
� �
16
� 1 �
x =k� �
� y3 �
1
� + 4 �
� x3 �

1
� �
16
� 1 �
x =k�3 �
�x + 4 y
3
�
� 3 �
� x �

1
� x3 � 16
x = k �3 �
�x + 4 y �
3
 dx 4 x 2 y - 2 xy 2 + 4 y 3
31) =
xy 2 x 2 y + 3xy 2

( x 3 + 6 xy 2 - 4 y 3 )dx - (4 x 2 y - 3 xy 2 ) dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )3 + 6( xt )( yt ) 2 - 4( yt ) 3

M ( xt , yt ) = t 3 ( x 3 + 6 xy 2 - 4 y 3 )

N ( xt , yt ) = 4( xt )2 (ty ) - ( xt )( yt )2

M ( xt , yt ) = t 3 (4 x 2 y - 3 xy 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 3

( x 3 + 6 x 3 z 2 - 4 x 3 z 3 )dx - (4 x 3 z - 3 x 3 z 2 )dy = 0

x 3 (1 + 6 z 3 - 4 z 3 )dx - x 3 (4 z - 3z 3 )( zdx + zdz ) = 0

(1 + 6 z 3 - 4 z 3 )dx - (4 z 2 - 3 z 3 )dx - x(4 z - 3 z 2 )dz = 0

(1 + 2 z 2 - z 3 )dx = x (4 z - 3 z 2 )dz

dx (4 z - 3z 2 )dz
�x = �
(1 + 2 z 2 - z 3 )

ln( x) = ln(1 + 2 z 2 - z 3 ) + c 1

2 y 2 y3
ln( x) = ln(1 + 2 - 3 ) + c1
x x

�x3 - 2 xy 2 - y 3 �
x =k� �
� x3 �

x = 4 k ( x 3 - 2 xy 2 - y 3 )
32) (4 xy - 3 y 2 )dx + (2 xy - 2 x 2 )dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 4( xt )( yt ) - ( yt ) 2

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (4 xy - 3 y 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = 2( xt )(ty ) - 2( xt ) 2

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( 2 xy - 2 x 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde; y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

(4 x( xz ) - 3( xz ) 2 dx + ( 2 x ( xz ) - 2 x 2 )dy = 0

x 2 (4 z - 3z 3 )dx + x 2 (2 z - 2)( xdz + zdx) = 0

(4 z - 3z 2 )dx + x(2 z - 2)dz + z (2 z - 2)dx = 0

(4 z - 3z 2 + 2 z 2 - 2 z )dx = (2 - 2 z ) xdz

(2 z - z 2 ) dx = (2 - 2 z ) xdz

z (2 - z )dx = 2(1 - z ) xdz

dx 2(1 - z )dz
�x = �z (2 - z)

2(1 - z )dz
ln( x) = �
z (2 - z )

ln( x) = ln(2 z - z 2 ) + c1

2
eln( x ) = eln(2 z - z ) + c1

�2 yx - y 2 �
x =k� 2 �
� x �

x = 3 k (2 yx - y 2 )
33) 6 xydx + (8 y 2 - 7 x 2 )dy = 0

M ( xt. yt ) = 6( xt )( yt )

M ( xt. yt ) = t 2 (6 xy )

N ( xt . yt ) = 8( yt )2 - 7( xt ) 2

N ( xt . yt ) = t 2 (8 y 2 - 7 x 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde; y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

6 x( zx9dx + (8( xz ) 2 - 7 x 2 - 7 x 2 )( xdz + zdx) = 0

6 zdx + (8 z 2 - 7)( xdz + zdx ) = 0

6 zdx + (8 z 2 - 7) zdx + x (8z 2 - 7)dz = 0

(8 z 3 - 7 z + 6 z ) dx = ( z - 8z 2 ) xdz

(8 z 3 - z )dx = ( z - 8 z 2 ) xdz

dx (7 - 8z 2 )dz
=
x (8 z 2 - z )

(8 z 2 - 1)dz dz
ln( x) = - � 2 + 6� 2
z (8 z - 1) z (8 z - 1)

� dz dz �
ln( x) = - ln( z ) + 6 �- � + 8� 2 �
� z (8 z - 1) �

� 8 � tdq sec q dq �
�
ln( x) + ln( z ) = 6 �- ln( z ) - �� 2 �+ c1
�
� 8 � sec q - 1 � �
 48
ln( x) + 7 ln( z ) = - (ctgq csc q ) + c1
8
�1 � � 8z �
� � � 2 �
ln( x9 + 7 ln( z ) = - � 8 z - 1 �+ c
48 � 8 z �
1
8 8z 2 -1
8z
48 � 8 z �
ln( x) + ln( z ) 7 = - � 2 � �+ c1
8��8 z - 1 �
48 yx
-
ln( x ) + ln( z )7 8 y 2 - x2
e = ke

48 yx
�y 7 � - 8 y 2 - x2
x�7 �= ke
�x �

48 yx
y7
-
8 y 2 -x2
k= 6e
x

34) (3 y 2 - 9 x 2 )dx - 4 xydy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 3( yt ) 2 - 9( xt ) 2

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (3 y 2 - 9 x 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = 4( xt )( yt )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (4 xy )

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = zx � dy = zdx + xdz

(3( xz ) 2 - 9 x 2 ) dx - 4 x( xz )( zdx + xdz) = 0

(3z 2 - 9) dx - 4 z 2 dx - 4 zxdz = 0

(3z 2 - 9) dx - 4 z 2 dx - 4 zxdz = 0
 (3z 2 - 4 z 2 - 9)dx = 4 zxdz

- ( z 2 + 9)dx = 4 zxdz

dx 4 zdz
- =
x z2 + 9

- ln( x) = 2 ln( z 2 + 9) + c1

2
+ 9) 2 + c1
e - ln( x ) = e ln( z

2
1 1 �y 2 �
= k ( z 2 + 9) 2 � = k � 2 + 9 �
x x �x �

1 k ( y 2 + 9 x2 )2
=
x x4

x = 3 k ( y 2 + 9x 2 )2

35) (2 x 2 - 2 xy - y 2 )dx + x 2 dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 2( xt ) 2 - 2( xt )( yt ) - ( yt ) 2

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (2 x 2 -2 xy - y 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) 2

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( x) 2

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = xt � dy = xdt + tdx

(2( xt ) 2 - 2( x)( xt ) - ( xt ) 2 )dx + x 2 ( xdt + tdx) = 0

x 2 (2t 2 - 2t - t 2 )dx + x 2 ( xdt + tdx ) = 0

 (t 2 - 2t )dx + xdt + tdx = 0

(t 2 - t )dx = - xdt

dx dt
=
x (t - t 2 )

dt
ln( x) =
t (1 - t )

dt dt
ln( x) = � + �
t (1 - t )

ln( x) = ln(t ) + ln(1 - t ) + c1

e ln( x ) = -eln( t )+ ln(1-t )+ c1

x = t (1 - t )k

y �x - y �
x= � �k
x� x �

x= 3 y ( x - y )k

36) ( x 2 - xy - y 2 )dx + x 2 dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = (( xt ) 2 - ( xt )( yt ) - ( yt ) 2 )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( x 2 - xy - y 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 x 2

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

( x 2 - x( xz ) - ( xz ) 2 )dx + x 2 ( xdz + zdx) = 0

x 2 (1 - z - z 2 )dx + x 2 ( xdz - zdx ) = 0

(1 - z - z 2 ) dx = - xdz

dx dz
=
x ( z - 1)( z + 1)

a b 1
Donde : + -
z + 1 z - 1 ( z - 1)( z + 1)

a ( z - 1) + b ( z + 1) = 1

Si :

1
Z = 1 � a (0) + b(2) = 1 � b =
2

1
Z = -1 � -2a + 0 = 1 � a = -
2

1 dz 1 dz
2�z +1 2 �
ln( x) = - +
z -1

1 1
ln( x) = - ln( z + 1) + ln( z - 1) + c1
2 2

1 1
- ln( z +1) + ln( z -1) + c1
eln( x ) = e 2 2

1 1
� x � �y - x �
2 2
x=� �- � �k
�y + x � � x �

� y-x �
x=�
� y+x �
�k
� �
 dy 13 x 2 y - 7 xy 2 + y 3
37) =
dx x3

(13 x 2 y - 7 xy 2 + y 3 )dx - x 3dx = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 13( xt ) 2 ( yt ) - 7( xt )( yt ) 2 + ( yt )3

M ( xt , yt ) = t 3 (13x 2 y - 7 xy 2 y 3 )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 3 x 3

Es homogénea de grado 3

Donde : y = zx � dy = zdx + xdz

(13 x 2 ( xz ) - 7( xz ( xz ) 2 + ( xz )3 ) dx - x 3 dy = 0

(13 z - 7 z 2 + z 3 )dx - ( zdx + xdz ) = 0

(12 z - 7 z 2 + z 3 )dx = xdz

dx dz
=
x z ( z - 4)( z - 3)

1 a b c
Donde : = + +
z ( z - 4)( z - 3) z ( z - 4) ( z - 3)

1 = a( z - 4)( z - 3) + bz ( z - 3) + cz ( z - 4)

si : z = 0

1
1 = 12 � a =
12

si : z = 3

1
1 = c(3)(3 - 4) � c = -
3
si : z = 4

1
1 = 4b � b =
4

Entonces :

1 dz 1 dz 1 dz
ln( x) = � + � - �
12 z 4 ( z - 4) 3 ( z - 3)

1
1 1 1 -
ln( x) = ln( z ) + ln( z - 4) + ln( z - 3) 3 + c1
12 4 3

1 1 1
-
12 + ln( z - 4) 4 + ln( z - 3) 3 + c
eln( x ) = eln( z ) 1

1 1 1
x( z - 3) = ( z ( z - 4) )k
3 2 4

1
� 12 1
�
�y - 3x �
3
��y ��y - 4 x �
4
�
x� � = � �� � k
� x � � �x �� x ��
� �

� y - 3x � � y y - 4 x �
x�
� x � �= �
� x. �k
3 4

� �� x � �

� x . 4 x � �4 y - 4 x �
x�
�3x � �= � k
�3 y - 3x �
�
� �� �

12 12
�17 � �k . 4 y - 4 x �
�x � = � �
12
� �
� � � 3 y - 3x �

k 12 ( y - 4 x)3
x17 =
( y - 3 x) 4

Q ( y - 4 x )3
x = 17
( y - 3 x) 4
 dy 12 x 2 - 6 xy 2 + y 2
38) =
dx x2

(12 x 2 - 6 xy 2 + y 2 ) dx - x 2 dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 12( xt ) 2 - 6( xt )( yt ) 2 + ( yt ) 2

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (12 x 2 - 6 xyt + y 2 )

No es homogéneo

39) y 3dx + ( y 3 - 2 xy 2 + x 2 y - x 3 )dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( yt )3 � t 3 y 3

N ( xt , yt ) = ( yt )3 - 2( xt )( yt ) 2 + ( xt ) 2 ( yt ) - ( xt ) 3

N ( xt , yt ) = t 3 ( y 3 - 2 xy 2 + x 2 y - x 3 )

Es homogénea de grado 3

Donde : y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

( xz )3 dx + (( xz )3 - 2( x )( xz ) 2 + x 2 ( xz ) - x 3 )dy = 0

z 3dx + ( z 3 - 2 z 2 + z - 1)( xdz + zdx ) = 0

(2 z 3 - 2 z 2 + z - 1) dx + ( z 3 - 2 z 2 + z - 1) xdz = 0

dx ( z 3 - 2 z 2 + z - 1)
=
x (2 z ( z - 1) + ( z - 1))

dx ( z 3 - 2 z 2 + z - 1)dz
=
x ( z - 1)(2 z + 1)
 z 3 - 2 z 2 + z - 1 A(2 z + 1) + B ( z - 1)
Donde : =
( z - 1)(2 z + 1) ( z - 1)(2 z + 1)

Si : z = 1

1
1 - z + 1 - 1 = A(3) � A = -
3

Si : Z = 0

0 - 0 - 0 -1 = A - B

B = A +1

-1 + 3 2
B= �B=
3 3

Entonces :

1 dx 2 dx
ln( x) = - � + �
3 ( z - 1) 3 (2 z + 1)
+ ln( x )

1 2
ln( x) = - ln( z - 1) + ln(2 z + 1) + c1
3 3

1 2
-
ln( z -1) 3 + ln(2 z +1) 3 + c1
e ln( x )
=e

1 2
k
x( z - 1) 3 = (2 z + 1) 3

1 2
�y - x �
3 �2 y + x �
3
x� �= � �k
�x � � x �

2 2
x.x 3 k (2 y + x) 3
1
=
3 y-x
x3
 4
(2 y + x ) 2
x3 = k 3
( y - x)

k (2 y + x) 2
x =
4
4
( y - x)

dx
40) y
3
= 2 xy 2 + x 3
dy

y 3 dx - (2 xy 2 + x 3 )dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = t 3 y 3

N ( xt , yt ) = 2( xt )( yt ) 2 + ( xt )3

N ( xt , yt ) = t 3 (2 xy 2 + x 3 )

Es homogénea de grado 3

Donde : y = zx � dy = zdx + xdz

( zx)3 dx - (2 x( xz ) 2 + x 3 )( zdx + xdz )

zdx - (2 z 2 + 1)( zdx + xdz ) = 0

zdx - 2 z 3dx - zdx = (2 z 2 + 1) xdz

- 2 z 3dx = (2 z 2 + 1) xdz

dx (2 z 2 + 1)
=
x -2 z 3
dz 1 dz
ln( x) = - � - �3
z 2 z

z -2
ln( x) = - ln( z) + + c1
4
 y x -2
- ln( ) + 2 + c1
e ln( x )
=e x 4y

x2
�y � 2
+ c1
x � �= e 4 y
�x �

2
�x �
� �
y = ke �2 y �

dy 8 y3
41) + y= 3
dx x x

dy 4 y y 2 - 4 x 2
- =
dx x x2

dy y 2 - 4 x 2 + 4 yx
=
dx x2

( y 2 - 4 x 2 + 4 yx)dx - x 2 dy

M ( xt , yt ) = ( yt ) 2 - 4( xt ) 2 - 4( xt )( yt )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( y 2 - 4 x 2 - 4 xy )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 x 2

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

(( xz) 2 - 4 x 2 + 4 x 2 z ) dx - x 2 ( xdz + zdx ) = 0

( z 2 - 4 + 4 z )dx - xdz - zdx = 0

( z 2 + 3z - 9)dx = xdz

dx dz
=
x ( z + 4)( z - 1)
 1 dz 1 dz
ln( x) = - � + �
5 ( z + 4) 5 z - 1

1 1
ln( x) = - ln( z + 4) + ln( z + 1) + c1
5 5

1 1
� x � 5
�y - x �
5
x=� �. � �k
�y + 4 x � � x �

y-x
x= 5 k
y + 4x

dy 4 y2
42) - y = 2 -4
dx x x

dy y 2 - 4 x 2 4 y
= +
dx x2 x

dy y 2 - 4 x 2 + 4 xy
=
dx x2

( y 2 - 4 x 2 + 4 xy )dx - x 2 dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( yt ) 2 - 4( xt ) 2 + 4( xt )( yt )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( y 2 - 4 x + 4 xy )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 x 2

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

(( xz ) 2 - 4 x 2 + 4 x( xz ))dx + x 2 ( xdz + zdx ) = 0

( z 2 - 4 + 4 z )dx - xdz - zdx = 0

( z 2 + 3 z - 4) dx = xdz

dx dz
=
x ( z - 4)( z + 1)

1 A( z + 1) + B ( z - 4)
Donde : =
( z - 4)( z + 1) ( z - 4)( z + 1)

Si : z = -1

1
- =B
5

1
Si : z = 4 � A =
5

1 dz 1 dz
ln( x) = � - �
5 ( z - 4) 5 ( z + 1)

1 1
ln( x) = ln( z - 4) - ln( z - 1) + c1
5 5

1 1
-
ln( z - 4) 5 - ln( z -1) 5 +c
e ln( x )
=e 1

1
( z - 4) 5
x= 1
k
( z - 1) 5

� y - 4x �
x=�
� y-x �
5 k
�
� �
 dy
43) x
2
+ 5 xy = 8 x 2 + y 2
dx

x 2 dy = (8 x 2 + y 2 - 5 xy )dx

(8 x 2 + y 2 - 5 xy )dx - x 2 dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 8( xt ) 2 + ( yt ) 2 - 5( xt )( yt )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (8 x 2 + y 2 - 5 xy )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 x 2

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

(8 x 2 + x 2 z 2 - 5 x 2 z )dx - x 2 ( xdz + zdx) = 0

(8 + z 2 - 5 z )dx - xdz - zdx = 0

(8 - 6 z + z 2 )dx = xdz

dx dz
=
x (4 - z )(2 - z )

1 A(2 - z ) + B(4 - z )
Donde : =
(4 - z )(2 - z ) (4 - z )(2 - z )

1
z =2�B =
2

1
Si : z = 4 � A = -
2

Entonces :
 1 dz 1 dz
ln( x ) = � + �
2 (2 - z ) 2 ( z - 4)

1 1
ln( x ) = - ln( z - 2) + ln( z - 4) + c1
2 2

1 1
y -2 x - 2 y-4 x 2
ln( ) + ln( ) + c1
e ln( x )
=e x x

y - 4x
x=k
y - 2x

dx
44) y
2
+ 3xy = x 2 5 y 2
dy

y 2 dx = ( x 2 5 y 2 - 3 xy ) dy

y 2 dx - 8 x 2 5 y 2 - xy )dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 y 2

N ( xt , yt ) = 5(6 x) 2 (ty ) 2 - 3(tx)(ty )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 4 5 x 2 y 2 - 3t 2 xy

No es homogénea

dx x 3 + xy 2
45) = 3
dy x + x 2 y + y 3

( x 3 + x 2 y + y 3 )dx - ( x 3 + xy 2 )dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )3 + ( xt ) 2 ( yt ) + ( yt ) 3

M ( xt , yt ) = t 3 ( x 3 + x 2 y + y 3 )

N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )3 + ( xt )( yt ) 2
 N ( xt , yt ) = t 3 ( x 3 + xy 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 3

Donde : y = zx � dy = xdz + zdx

( x 3 + x 2 ( xz ) + ( xz )3 )dx - ( x3 + x3 z 3 )( xdz + zdx) = 0

(1 + z + z 3 ) dx - (1 + z 2 ) dx = (1 + z 2 ) xdz

dx
�x = �
dz + � 2
z dz

z3
ln( x) = z + + c1
3

z3
z+ + c1
e ln( x )
=e 3

y y3
+
x = ke x 3 x3

dy y y
46) = - -1
dx x x - y

dy y ( x - y ) - xy - x( x - y )
=
dx x( x - y )

dy yx - y 2 - xy - x 2 + xy
=
dx x 2 - xy

( yx - y 2 - x 2 )dx - dy ( x 2 - xy ) = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ( yt )( xt ) - ( yt ) 2 - ( xt ) 2

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( xy - y 2 - x 2 )
N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt ) 2 - ( xt )( yt )

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( x 2 - xy)

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = zx � dy = zdt + xdx

( zx 2 - z 2 x 2 - x 2 )dx - ( x 2 - x 2 z )dy = 0

x 2 ( z - z 2 - 1)dx - x 2 (1 - z ) dz = 0

( z - z 2 - 1)dx + ( z 2 - z )dx - x (1 - z )dz = 0

( z - z 2 - 1 + z 2 - z )dx = x (1 - z )dz

- zdx = x(1 - z )dz

dx dz ( z - 1)
=
x z

ln( x) = z - ln( z ) + c1

eln( x ) = e z -ln( z ) + c1

y
�y �
x � �= ke x
�x �

y
y = ke x
 dy y y 1
47) = - +
dx x 4 + 2 y 2

dy 2 y (4 + 2 y) - 2 xy + x(4 + 2 y)
=
dx 2 x(4 + 2 y)

dy 8 y + 4 y 2 - 2 xy + 4 x + 2 xy
=
dx (8 x + 4 xy )

(8 y + 4 x + 4 y 2 )dx - (8 x + 4 xy )dx = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = (8( xt ) + 4( xt ) + 4( yt ) 2 )

N ( xt , yt ) = 8( xt ) + 4( xt )( yt )

No es homogénea

dx
48) (2 y + xy ) = ( x + y)2
2

dy

(2 y 2 + xy ) dx - ( x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 )dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = 2( yt ) 2 + ( xt )( yt )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 (2 y 2 + xy )

N ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )2 + 2( xt )( yt ) + ( yt ) 2

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = xz � dy = zdx + xdz

(2( xz ) 2 + x( xz ))dx - ( x 2 + 2 x ( xz ) + ( xz ) 2 )dy = 0

(2 z 2 + z - z - 2 z 2 - z 3 )dx = x (1 + 2 z + z 2 )dz
 - z 3 dx = x(1 + 2 z + z 2 )dz

dx dz 2dz z 3dz
�x �
- =
z3
+ 2 �z 3 �z 3
+

1 2
- ln x = - 2
- + ln( z) + c1
2z z

1 2
- - + ln( z ) + c1
- ln( x )
e =e 2 z2 z

x2 2x
+
2 y2
e y
= eln( x ) + ln( z ) + c1

x2 2x
+
2 y2
y = ke y

dx y x
49) = +
dy x y

dx y 2 + x 2
=
dy xy

xydx - ( y 2 + x 2 )dy

M ( xt , yt ) = ( xt )( yt )

M ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( xy )

N ( xt , yt ) = ( yt ) 2 + ( xt ) 2

N ( xt , yt ) = t 2 ( y 2 + x 2 )

Es homogénea de grado 2

Donde : y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

x( xz )dx + (( xz ) 2 + x 2 )( xdz + zdx) = 0

 x 2 zdx - x 2 ( z 2 + 1) zdx = x( z 2 + 1)dz

- z 3 dx = x( z 2 + 1) dz

dx ( z 2 + 1)
- = dz
x z3

dz dz
- ln( x ) = � + �3
z z

1
- ln( x ) = ln( z ) - + c1
2z 2

1
ln( z ) - + c1
- ln( x )
e =e 2 z2

1
+ c1
= eln( z )+ ln( x )
2
e 2z

x2
2 y2
e k=y
dx 2 x + y
50) =
dy y

ydx - (2 x + y )dy = 0

M ( xt , yt ) = ty

N ( xt , yt ) = 2(tx) + ( yt )

N ( xt , yt ) = t (2 x + y )

Es homogénea de grado 1

Donde : y = xz � dy = xdz + zdx

xzdx - (2 x + xz )( xdz + zdx) = 0

zdx - (2 + z )( xdz + zdx) = 0

zdx - (2 + z )( xdz + zdx) = 0

zdx - (2 z + z 2 )dx = (2 + z ) xdz

(- z + z 2 )dx = (2 + z ) xdz

dx 2+ z
= dz
x -z + z2

dx 2+ z
= dz
x z ( z - 1)

Donde :

2+ z A( z - 1) + Bz
=
z ( z - 1) z ( z - 1)

Donde : z = 1 � B = 3

Si : z = 0 � A = 2

Entonces :
dx dz dz
�x = 2�z + 3�
( z - 1)

ln( x) = 2 ln( z ) + 3ln( z - 1) + c1

2 3
�y � �y - x �
ln � �+ ln � �+ c1
e ln x
=e �x � � x �

3
�y - x �
�y 2 �
x = �2 � � �k
�x � �x �

x 6 = ( y 2 )( y - x)3 k

x = k ( y 2 )( y - x)3