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IN VITRO POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION: IN VITRO POLLINATION AND

FERTILIZATION

INTRODUCTION: Pollination and fertilization under in vitro condition offer the opportunity for
producing hybrid embryo that not possible by conventional method . INTRODUCTION

What is mean of in vitro pollination and fertilization?: Def:- ‘‘Under controlled condition
aseptic transfer of pollen grain on stigma to produce hybrid embryos among plants that can’t
cross by conventional method of plant breeding is called as in vitro pollination and
fertilization ’’ What is mean of in vitro pollination and fertilization?

IMPORTANCE: In nature intergenic and intraspecific hybridization occurs less frequently ,

this is due to hindering factor . Factor:- Barrier to growth of pollen tube on the stigma or style
Solution:- In such cases the style or part of it can be excised and pollen grain either placed
on the cut surface of the ovary IMPORTANCE

Continue…: This technique is called as intraovarian pollination . Ex. Papaver somnifera,

Argemone mexicana, etc.. To overcome the barriers to pollen tube growth is direct
pollination of culture ovules Continue…

DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES: 1.Stigmatic pollination :- application of pollen to the stigma in

vitro condition . 2.Ovarian pollination :- application of pollen to exercised ovary in vitro
condition . 3.Placental pollination :- application of pollen to ovules attached to the placenta in
vitro condition. 4.Ovular pollination :- application of pollen to excised ovules in vitro condition.
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES

MATERIAL REQUIRED : The ovaries which are large and which contain many ovules .
Other essential materials is pollen which should be viable and able to germinate . 1%
calciumchloride solution that favour the growth of pollen tube. MATERIAL REQUIRED

DISINFECTION OF MATERIAL : Flower bud are emasculated before anthesis and bagged
in order to prevent the undesirable pollination the whole pistil or ovaries alone are sterilized
by a quick rinse in 70% alcohol, surface sterilized with suitable agents. To collect the pollen
under aseptic condition anther removed from bud or open flower. then kept in sterile Petri
dish contain presterilised filter paper until their dehiscence.The dehiscence pollen is
asceptically deposited on the cultred ovules, placenta or stigma depend on nature of
experiment. DISINFECTION OF MATERIAL

Culture of ovules and ovary: Ovules:- The growth of pollen tubes attached to bare ovules is
often inhibited by the presence of water on the surface of ovules this water is removed by
filter paper and later dried ovules covered by pollen grain ,raising seed by ovules which
contain globular embryo after in vitro pollination ovules contains a single celled zygote which
requires more complex growth condition . For developing subsequently embryonic stages
ovules which have been self pollinated are kept on placenta until seed form. Ex.Nicotina
tabacum , Alliums cepa,etc.. Ovary:-this technique developed by Nitsch in 1951 who
successfully reared ovaries excised from pollinated flower in vitro to develop into mature
fruits. Ex. Linaria macroccana, Tropaeohim majus ,etc.. Culture of ovules and ovary

PURPOSE: Intergenic hybridization . Intraspecific hybridization . Interspecific hybridization.

Intrafamilar crossing. PURPOSE

Embryo rescue to overcome incompatible interspecific hybridization in Gossypium spp.

Abstract :-: Successfully introgression of desirable character from certain spp. Could not be
achieved because of different incompatibility. Such incompatibility can be overcome by
ovuloembryo culture. From this literature it appear that the technique involve in excision of
10 to 15 days old embryo of Gossypium spp. Which is culture in BT and MS media
supplements with phytohormones. E mbryo rescue to overcome incompatible interspecific
hybridization in Gossypium spp. Abstract :-

Introduction: Cotton is leading fibre crop of the worlds belonging to the genus Gossypium
which consist of 49 identified and described species, of these 44 spp are Diploid and
remaining are allotetraploids. Certain crosses and the many combination are reported to be
incompatible due to the failure of fertilization between the species of Gossypium. Several
worker have been critically reviewed the compatibility relationship between various
Gossypium spp. Introduction

Techniques of Embryo culture: For excision of embryo and their transfer to nutrien medium
asceptic procedure are necessary since the embryo are lodged in sterile environment of
ovule Ovule are generally surface sterlized before soaking Then they are split open and
embryo are transfer to the nutrient media The most important aspect of embryo culture is the
selection of medium necessary to sustain its contiue growth Mature embryo are grown in
inorganic salt medium suppement with sucrose Techniques of Embryo culture

Contd….: Different vitamin, amino acid and hormone are required. Then plantlets are
remove from original medium and nurtured in sterlized soil. Contd….

Invtro fertilization and ovule culture: Its followed by culturing fertilized ovule to maturity is an
important techniques employed to overcome the barrier inhibiting pollentube growth and very
early stage embryo abortion. It is the promising approach and viable altrnative to somatic cell
hybridization. Invtro fertilization and ovule culture

Factor affecting embryo culture: Temperature – At higher temperature abscission of ball

occurs within 4-5 days after pollination. Basal media- Growth of ovules is better in BT media
as compared to White and MS media. Genotype – Embryo culture response depend upon
genotype of parent. Factor affecting embryo culture

Conclusion : Ovule culture is important tools for overcoming incampatibility amongs parents
and the succesful obtaining hybrids from difficult distant cross combnitation Thus, from wild
Gossypium spp to cultigen, interogression of desired genes is made possible. Conclusion
APPICATION OF IN VITRO POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION : Overcoming self
incompatibility. Overcoming the cross incompatibility. Haploid production through
parthenogenesis. APPICATION OF IN VITRO POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION

References:-: Journal Indian biotechnology, January 2004 Google.com Yahoo.com

References:-

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