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BD 21/01
INDEX
CLAUSE No
SUBJECT
5.18
5.20
6.17
6.29
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Bridge Design Workshop BD21 Page 2 of 6
Clause 5.18
Problem:
What is the loaded length when the carriageway is skew to the deck beams?
Solution:
It's the distance travelled by a point on a vehicle as it crosses the deck along one notional lane; the
start and end of the loaded length are the points at which the beam (or part of the deck) you are
considering starts and stops feeling the positive effects of the vehicle (ignoring the length of the
vehicle).
This is only true if there is load transfer between the longitudinal deck members. If there is poor
transverse distribution or if deck beams are particularly skewed to the carriageway then the deck
should be loaded with vehicles from Appendices D & E instead of HA loading (see clause 5.2)
The diagram above illustrates the loaded length for a single span deck, but the magnitude of the
skew angle would warrant checking the HA analysis using Annex D & E vehicles. If in doubt then
the Annex D & E vehicles should be used.
Problem:
Example:
Carriageway = 6m wide
Deck span = 12m (centre to centre of bearings for a simply supported single span)
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Bridge Design Workshop BD21 Page 3 of 6
BD 21/01
Cl. 5.6
Table 5.1
Cl. 5.18.
Cl. 5.23.
Cl. 5.26.
Cl. 3.7.
Table 3.1
Cl. 3.10.
γf3 = 1.1
Maximum mid span Bending Moment with KEL at mid span = Mult
Mult = 1.1 [ (26.13 × 122)/8 + (49.32 × 12)/4 ]
Live Load Mult = 1.1 (470 + 148) = 680 kNm
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Bridge Design Workshop BD21 Page 4 of 6
Cl. 4.1.
Table 4.1.
Cl. 3.7.
Table 3.1
Cl. 3.10.
γf3 = 1.1
Maximum Dead Load mid span Bending Moment = Mult
Mult = 1.1 (29.51 × 122)/8)
Dead Load Mult = 1.1 (531) = 584 kNm
BD 44/15
Cl. 5.4.2.
(Cl. 5.3.2)
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Bridge Design Workshop BD21 Page 5 of 6
Mu = (fy / γms) × As × z
Mu = (230 / 1.15) × 6434 × 0.856 × 749 × 10-6 = 825 kNm/m
BD 21/01
Cl. 5.20.
Cl. 5.22.
Fig 5/2
Note : The shear effects have to be checked in a similar manner to determine whether shear is
more critical than bending.
Clause 6.17
Problem:
Can MEXE be used when the depth of the fill at the crown is greater than the thickness of the arch
barrel?
Solution:
Many Authorities accept the MEXE analysis if the depth of fill(h) is made equal to the arch barrel
thickness(d), i.e. h+d=2d
Clause 6.29
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Bridge Design Workshop BD21 Page 6 of 6
Problem:
Solution:
A number of Authorities have adopted a height to width ratio of 2:1 for the upper limit of a stocky
pier; the height of the pier being measured between the top of foundations and the arch springing
level.
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http://bridgedesign.org.uk/work/bd21.html 10/16/2017