Name: ------------------ Quiz 10 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017

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The exam is closed book and closed notes.

Water at 20°C (ρ=998 kg/m3; μ=0.001 kg/m.s.) is to be siphoned through a tube 1 m long
and 2 mm in diameter, as in the Figure below. (a) Assume laminar flow and find the flow
rate Q in m3/h, if H = 50 cm. Neglect minor losses including the tube curvature. (b)
Verify the laminar flow assumption. (c) Find the H for which the flow begins to not be
laminar, i.e. Red=2000.

Energy equation:
𝑝𝑝 𝑉𝑉 2 𝑝𝑝 𝑉𝑉 2 (1)
� + + 𝑧𝑧� = � + + 𝑧𝑧� + ℎ𝑓𝑓
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 2𝑔𝑔 1
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 2𝑔𝑔 2
Laminar pipe flow:
𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉 2 64
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑓𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =
𝑑𝑑 2𝑔𝑔 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑
Name: ------------------ Quiz 10 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017

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Solution:
Format (+3)

(a) The energy equation between (1) at the free surface and (2) at the tube exit:

𝑝𝑝 𝑉𝑉 2 𝑝𝑝 𝑉𝑉 2
� + + 𝑧𝑧� = � + + 𝑧𝑧� + ℎ𝑓𝑓
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 2𝑔𝑔 1
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 2𝑔𝑔 2

𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑉𝑉 2
+ 𝑧𝑧1 = + + 𝑧𝑧2 + ℎ𝑓𝑓
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 2𝑔𝑔

𝑉𝑉 2 𝑉𝑉 2
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑧𝑧1 − 𝑧𝑧2 − = 𝐻𝐻 − (+2)
2𝑔𝑔 2𝑔𝑔

𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉 2 64
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑓𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =
𝑑𝑑 2𝑔𝑔 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑
Replace and simplify:
64 𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉 2 32𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = = 𝑉𝑉 (+1)
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 𝑑𝑑 2𝑔𝑔 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝑑𝑑 2
𝜇𝜇
Replace in energy equation:
32𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 𝑉𝑉2
𝑉𝑉 = 𝐻𝐻 −
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝑑𝑑 2 2𝑔𝑔

(32)(0.001)(1.0) 𝑉𝑉2 (+1)

𝑉𝑉 = (0.5) −
(998)(9.81)(0.002)2 2(9.81)

Solving the quadratic equation in V gives only one positive root:

𝑉𝑉 ≈ 0.59 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
Name: ------------------ Quiz 10 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017

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𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 2
𝑄𝑄 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑉𝑉
4

𝜋𝜋(0.002)2
𝑄𝑄 = (0.59) × 3600 = 0.0067 𝑚𝑚3 /ℎ (+1)
4

(b) Check Re:

𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 (998)(0.59)(0.002) (+1)

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑 = = ≈ 1178 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂, 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝜇𝜇 (0.001)

(c)

𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑 = = 2000
𝜇𝜇

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑 𝜇𝜇 (2000)(0.001)
𝑉𝑉 = = = 1.002 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 (998)(0.002)

32𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 𝑉𝑉 2 (32)(0.001)(1.0) (1.002)2 (+1)

𝐻𝐻 = 𝑉𝑉 + = (1.002) + ≈ 0.87 𝑚𝑚
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝑑𝑑
2 2𝑔𝑔 (998)(9.81)(0.002)2 2(9.81)