.

PV System with Boost Converter using P&O MPPT

Technique
.

Department of Electrical Engineering,

National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 1 / 45

Introduction
Introduction
PV Cell Characteristics
Boost Converter
MPPT Technique
Simulation Results
Conclusions
Reference.

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 2 / 45

Outline
Abundant availability .
Pollution free
The controlling of solar energy using PV modules comes with its own problems.
A lot of research has been done to improve the efficiency of the PV modules.

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 3 / 45

PV Cell Characteristics

Figure 1 : PV cell model

q(V + Rs ∗ I ) (V + Rs ∗ I )
I = Iph − Io (exp − 1) − (1)
nkT Rsh

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 4 / 45

Figure 2 : I-V curves for different solar radiations

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 5 / 45

Figure 3 : P-V curves for different solar radiations

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 6 / 45

Figure 4 : I-V curves for different cell temperatures

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 7 / 45

Figure 5 : P-V curves for different cell temperatures

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 8 / 45

Boost Converter

Figure 6 : Boost Converter

Pin = Vin ∗ Iin (2)

P0 = V0 ∗ I0 (3)
V0 = Vin /(1 − D) (4)
I0 = Iin ∗ (1 − D) (5)
Rin = Vin /Iin = R0 (1 − D)2 (6)
Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 9 / 45
MPPT Technique
Hill climbing involves a perturbation in the duty ratio of the power converter.
In the case of a PV array connected to a power converter, perturbing the duty ratio of power
converter perturbs the PV array current and consequently perturbs the PV array voltage.
The oscillation can be minimized by reducing the perturbation step size.
DSP or DSPACE control is more suitable for hill climbing and P&O

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 10 / 45

Figure 7 : DC-DC converter for the operation of MPPT

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 11 / 45

Flowchart of P&O MPPT Algorithm

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 12 / 45

Simulation
Results

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 13 / 45

 Table 1 : Simulation Parameters

Parameters Symbol Values

Short circuit current isc 6.4 A
Open circuit voltage Voc 21 V
Voltage at MPP Vmpp 17 V
Current at MPP Impp 6A
Power at MPP Pmax 100 W
Irradiation G 1000 W /m2

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 14 / 45

Figure 8 : I-V curve at irradiation (1000 W/m2)

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 15 / 45

Figure 9 : P-V curve at irradiation (1000 W/m2)

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 16 / 45

Figure 10 : Effect of boost converter input impedance on MPP tracking

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 17 / 45

Figure 11 : PV MPP Tracking at different Irradiance

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 18 / 45

Figure 12 : Input and output powers of boost converter at different irradiation

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 19 / 45

Figure 13 : Input and output voltages of boost converter at different irradiances

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 20 / 45

Figure 14 : Input and output currents of boost converter at different irradiances

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 21 / 45

Experimental
Results

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 22 / 45

Figure 15 : Experimental setup of boost converter power circuit for MPPT

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 23 / 45

 Table 2 : Boost Converter Practical Parameters

Parameters Values
Inductance 2 mH
Capacitance 1000 µF
Load resistance 26 Ω
MOSFET IRF 640N
Diode MUR 860
Driver IC 3120

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 24 / 45

Figure 16 : I - V characteristics of solar panel from practical data

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 25 / 45

Figure 17 : P - V characteristics of solar panel from practical data

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 26 / 45

Figure 18 : MPPT Tracking performance.

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 27 / 45

Figure 19 : Steady state waveforms after reaching the MPPT

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 28 / 45

Figure 20 : MPPT Tracking during shading and non-shading conditions

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 29 / 45

Figure 21 : PV panel characteristics under G = 815 W/m2 at T= 430° C

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 30 / 45

 Single Stage Grid
Connected Inverter Using
PV System

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 31 / 45

Schematic Diagram of PV Grid Connected System

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 32 / 45

Single-phase PV Inverter

Lfa Lsa
PV Array

+ Cdc Vsa
Cf
-

LCL filter

Voltage source
inverter

Figure 22 : PV array connected to grid through voltage source inverter and LCL filter

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 33 / 45

Control diagram of the PV energy conversion system

PV array Inverter LCL filter Grid

PWM

Current
controller
idc vdc e is
-
+
i*s vs
+
MPPT - k sin
PLL
v*dc im

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 34 / 45

Flow-chart of Increment Conductance Algorithm

START

Sense Vt, It

dV=Vt-Vp
dI=It-Ip

No Yes
dV=0

Yes dI/dV= Yes

dI=0
-It/Vt
No No

Yes dI/dV> No
Increase Vref dI>0 decrease Vref
-It/Vt

No Yes

decrease Vref Increase Vref

Update
Ip=It, Vp=Vt

Return

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 35 / 45

General structure of a single phase PLL including grid
voltage monitoring

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 36 / 45

 Table 3 : Simulation Parameters

Parameters Values
Grid voltage 220 V
Filter inductance (L1 ) 1 mH
Filter inductance (L2 ) 28 mH
Filter capacitance (Cf ) 2.2 µF
Damping resistance 26 Ω
DC capacitance (Cdc ) 7200 µF
Load resistance 30 Ω
Temperature 25°C

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 37 / 45

MPPT tracking for irradiance variation

PV VOLTAGE AT MPP
800

1400W / m 2
600
1000W / m 2
400

200

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

PV CURRENT AT MPP
12
1400W / m 2
10

1000W / m 2
8

2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

7000
PV POWER AT MPP

6000
1400W / m 2
5000

4000 1000W / m 2
3000

2000

1000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 38 / 45

Inverter AC side currents during MPPT for 1-phase

INVERTER OUTPUT
10

-5

-10

19.9 19.92 19.94 19.96 19.98 20 20.02 20.04 20.06 20.08 20.1

GRID CURRENT
4

-2

-4
19.9 19.92 19.94 19.96 19.98 20 20.02 20.04 20.06 20.08 20.1

LOAD CURRENT
10

-5

-10
19.9 19.92 19.94 19.96 19.98 20 20.02 20.04 20.06 20.08 20.1

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 39 / 45

Three-phase PV Inverter

I PV

Ia Ea
U dc Ib
+ Eb
- Ic
Ec

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 40 / 45

Control circuit of three=phase PV system

ia

+1

-h +h

I a
0


I d
-1

ib
I x I x +1

-h 0 +h
 
U dc* I q
I q I b -1

MPPT ic
I y I y
U dc I PV Ea +1

-h 0 +h

Eb PLL * I c
U dc I PV Ec
-1

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 41 / 45

Waveforms at MPPT point

PV CUURENT AT MPP
4
1000W/m2,25 0c
3.5

2.5

1.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

PV VOLTAGE AT MPP
1000

800 1000W/m2,25 0c

600

400

200

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

PV POWER AT MPP
3000
2500 1000W/m2,25 0c
2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 42 / 45

Inverter AC side currents during MPPT for 3-phase

INVERTER OUTPUT CURRENT

10

-5

-10

2.9 2.92 2.94 2.96 2.98 3 3.02 3.04 3.06 3.08 3.1

LOAD CURRENT
8

-2

-4

-6

-8
2.9 2.92 2.94 2.96 2.98 3 3.02 3.04 3.06 3.08 3.1

GRID CURRENT

-5
2.9 2.92 2.94 2.96 2.98 3 3.02 3.04 3.06 3.08 3.1

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 43 / 45

Bibliography

[1] M. Ciobotaru, R. Teodorescu and F. Blaabjerg, ”Control of single-stage single-phase PV inverter,” 2005 European Conference
on Power Electronics and Applications, Dresden, 2005.
[2] J. Alonso-Martinez, J. Eloy-Garcia and S. Arnaltes, ”Control of a three-phase grid-connected inverter for photovoltaic ap-
plications with a fuzzy MPPT under unbalanced conditions,” 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and
Applications, Barcelona, 2009, pp. 1-7.
[3] Wu H, Tao X. Three phase photovoltaic grid-connected generation technology with MPPT function and voltage control.
InPower Electronics and Drive Systems, 2009. PEDS 2009. International Conference on 2009 Nov 2 (pp. 1295-1300). IEEE.
[4] W. Xiao, A. Elnosh, V. Khadkikar and H. Zeineldin, ”Overview of maximum power point tracking technologies for photovoltaic
power systems,” IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Melbourne, VIC, 2011, pp.
3900-3905.
[5] S. Shivam, I. Hussain and B. Singh, ”Real-time implementation of SPV system with DSTATCOM capabilities in three-phase
four-wire distribution system,” in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 495-503, 1 26 2017.
[6] F. Liu, S. Duan, B. Liu and Y. Kang, ”A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for PV Systems,” in IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2622-2628, July 2008.

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 44 / 45

Thank You

Electrical Department, NIT Warangal November 24, 2017 45 / 45