Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
and Explanations
Act. 1
ABSOLUTE COORDINATES:
AutoCAD Command List
Absolute Coordinates uses the Cartesian System to specify a position in the X, Y,
and (if needed) Z axes to locate a point from the 0X, 0Y, and 0Z (0,0,0) point. To
locate a point using the Absolute Coordinate system, type the Xvalue, Yvalue, and,
if needed, the Zvalue separated by commas (with no spaces).
Example:
If you type 12,8 for a position, AutoCAD will locate an entity or part of an entity 12
along the Xaxis and 8 along the Yaxis.
BLOCK Command:
AutoCAD Command List
The BLOCK command allows you to group items and then store them in a file so
that they can be recalled as needed. The BLOCK command is frequently used in
situations where a particular part or element is used multiple times in a drawing.
This saves time by reducing the need to create the same item over and over.
To create a Block you can:
type block at a Command: prompt,
OR
select Block under the Draw Menu.
Creating a Block
Activate the BLOCK command.
The Block dialogue box will appear.
In the Name: window, type a name for the block.
Under the Objects heading, click on the Select objects button. AutoCAD will
return you to the drawing screen so you can select the items you wish to include in the
block. Press Enter to return to the Block dialogue box.
Under the Basepoint heading either: click on the Pick point button
OR
type a coordinate number in the windows labeled X, Y, and Z.
NOTE: This allows you to select the point in the block that will be used as an
insertion point when you bring the block back into a drawing or Layout window.
Pick point allows you to select a specfic point of the block to use as an insertion point
using an Osnap (Object Snap),
an Absolute Coordinate, a Relative Rectangular Coordinate, or Relative Polar
Coordinate. Press Enter to return to the Block dialogue box.
Typing in the X, Y, and Z windows selects an Absolute Coordinate point for the
Basepoint.
Look at the window next to the Insert units: heading. If not already showing
Millimeters, use the Arrow, on the Right side of this window, to display the drop
down menu and select Millimeters.
DTEXT Command:
select Text, and then Single Line Text..., under the Draw Menu,
OR
--Prompt: Specify height <3>: Enter a new value for the text height or press Enter to
move to the next prompt.
--Prompt: Specify rotation angle of text <0>: Enter a new value for the angle of the
text or press Enter to move to the next prompt.
--Prompt: Enter text: Type in additional text or press Enter to exit the command
ERASE Command:
AutoCAD Command List
Allows you to remove whole entities in a drawing.
To select the Erase command you can:
click on the Erase button,
OR
select Erase under the Modify Menu,
OR
type e for (erase) at a Command: prompt and then press Enter.
Prompt: Select objects: Use the LEFT mouse button to click on the object/s you
wish to erase and press Enter.
NOTE: If you want to erase everything in the file, type all at the Select objects:
prompt and press Enter.
INSERT Command:
AutoCAD Command List
The INSERT command allows you to insert the contents of a file into another
file.
To select the Insert command you can select Block... under the Insert Menu.
In the Insert dialogue box: Click on the File... button, which brings up the
Select Drawing File dialogue box.
Locate the file you wish to insert through this dialogue box and click on Open to
return to the Insert dialogue box.
Prompt: Specify insertion point or
[Scales/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/Protate]: Either place the cursor and click
with the LEFT mouse button, use an Osnap, an Absolute Coordinate, a Relative
Rectangular Coordinate, or a Relative Polar Coordinate to locate the inserted
object's position.
Prompt: Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>:
Type a value to scale the inserted object in the X direction or press Enter to keep the
block its original size in the X direction.
Prompt: Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:): Type a value to scale the
inserted object in the Y direction or press Enter to accept same scale factor used for
X.
Prompt: Specify rotation angle <0>: Type a desired angle or press Enter to accept
original angle of the inserted item.
*NOTE: If you slide your mouse around during several Insert command prompts,
the size, shape, and angle of the inserted object may change. AutoCAD's default
selection is a "mouse pick" (a click of the LEFT mouse button in the drawing
area), and it is preparing to use that option, which accounts for the changes in the
inserted object's look during the command prompts.
LAYER: Command
AutoCAD Command List
The LAYER command allows you to create multiple layers to draw on. It also
allows you to control the color, line type, activity, and visibility of individual
layers.
To Change to an Existing Layer:
(Note: The figure above has been shortened.)
To add a new layer or change layer properties through the Layer Properties
Manager dialogue box you can:
click on the Layer button
OR
select Layer..., under the Format Menu.
The Layer Properties Manager dialogue box will appear.
To Create a New Layer:
Open the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box. , click on the New button. A
layer named Layer 1 will appear in the list of layers.
While the Layer 1 name is highlighted, type a new name for the layer.
Click on OK to exit the dialogue box.
To Load a Linetype:
Open the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box.
Click on the Linetype name displayed in the row that indicates the properties for a
layer. The Select Linetype dialogue box will appear.
Click on the Load button at the bottom of this dialogue box. The Load or Reload
Linetypes dialogue box will appear.
To Change the Linetype of a Layer:
Open the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box.
Click on the linetype listed in the configurations beside that layer name in the Layer
Properties Manager window.
The Select Linetypes dialogue box will appear listing the loaded linetypes. Locate
the linetype, click on it, and then on OK to exit the dialogue box.
To Change the Color of the Layer:
Open the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box.
Click on the square in the list of configurations next to the layer name in the Layer
Properties Manager window.
The Select Color dialogue box appears with a display of the colors you can choose.
Click on an appropriate color. (NOTE: The color assignment is related to the printing
line thickness.)
Click on OK to return to the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box. Click
on OK to exit this dialogue box.
To Change the Line thickness of a Layer:
Click on the Lineweight (looks like a line) under the heading Lineweight in the line
of the properties for that layer.
The Lineweight dialogue box will appear.
Scroll down to the line thickness you wish to use, and click on thickness you wish to
use. Click on OK to return to the Layer Properties Manager. Click on OK to exit
this dialogue box.
To Delete a Layer:
Open the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box.
Click on the layer name, and then the Delete button. Click on OK to exit the dialogue
box.
To Change the Name of a Layer:
Open the Layer Properties Manager dialogue box.
Click on the layer name with the LEFT mouse button to highlight the name.
Type in a new name.
Click on OK.
To Make a Layer Invisible:
On the Layer Status Window dropdown menu, locate the name of the layer.
Click on the lightbulb in the list beside the layer name. The lightbulb will turn
gray to indicate that the layer is invisible.
NOTE: The lightbulb is a toggle between invisible and visible.
LINE Command:
OR
OR
--Prompt: Specify next point or [Undo]: Give the location for the second end of the
line.
--Prompt: Specify next point or [Undo]: Either give a location for the end of the next
line, which will be attached to the last endpoint you added, or press Enter to end the
line and exit the Line command.
*NOTE: You can continue to add lines to the last endpoint of the previous line until
you press the Enter key twice to exit the command.
OFFSET Command:
The OFFSET command allows you to copy selected entities (lines, arcs, circles,
plines or others) and place the copy at a specific distance from the original or
through an existing position on another element (such as the endpoint of a line,
center of a circle, etc.). An OFFSET item will be parallel or concentric to its
original.
OR
OR
--Prompt: Specify offset distance or through <through>: Press Enter to select the
default of through (for through a position on another entity) or type a value for the
distance you want the offset to be from the original.
--Prompt: Select object to offset or <exit>: Place the cursor on the element you wish
to copy and click the LEFT mouse button. The selected object will change to a dashed
line. Only one feature can be selected.
If Through was selected:
NOTE: The last prompt will continue until you press Enter TWICE to get back to a
Command: prompt and exit the Offset command.
Offset copies of lines are always parallel to the original.
Offset copied of an arc or circle are always CONCENTRIC with the original.
OOPS Command:
AutoCAD Command List
The OOPS command allows you to restore the LAST thing you erased and is
typed in at a Command: prompt.
To use the Oops command, type oops at the Command: prompt and then press
Enter. The last thing you erased will reappear.
OBJECT SNAPS (OSNAP):
AutoCAD Command List
OSNAPs allows you to select positions on components in a drawing for locating
other features.
You can select Osnaps by:
clicking on the tool button icon (see above)
OR
typing an Osnap alias on the prompt line when needed (SEE EXPLANATION
BELOW).
When an Osnap is used, the CURSOR changes shape when it is near a position that
matches the Osnap selected and "snaps" to that point. The cursor shape differs with
each Osnap.
*NOTE: Although you can set an Osnap(s) to stays active all the time (select
Running Object Snaps under the Tools Menu), this should only be used for
repetitive snap constructions. If you forget to turn the Osnap off and start a new task,
you end up snapping to the wrong features.
OSNAP Commands and typed abbreviations:
Typed
Osnap
Command
type
and Use
cen
Center
Snaps to the center of a circle or arc. Click the left mouse button when the
cursor is on the edge of the circle or arc you wish to use.
end
End
point Snaps to the endpoint of a line, polyline, or arc. Place the cursor over the
specific end of the entity you wish to snap to and click the left mouse
button.
ins
Insert
Locates the insertion point of text or a block. Place the cursor anywhere on
the block or line of text and click the left mouse button.
Inter
int
section
Allows you to select the intersection between two items. Place the locating
square over the intersection and click with the left mouse button.
mid
Midpoint
Snaps to the midpoint of a line or arc. Click near the entity's midpoint.
nea
Nearest
Locates the point or entity nearest the cursor position. Place the cursor near
the item you wish to select and click the left mouse button.
Node nod
Snaps to a point entity. You must position the cursor square so that it
contains the point and click with the left mouse button.
per
Perpen
This option locates a perpendicular point on an adjacent entity. It will only
dicular
function as the second location in a command. Place the cursor on a line or
straight pline segment near the perpendicular location and click with the left
mouse button.
qua
Quadrant
Locates the 0, 90, 180, or 270 degree position (quadrants) of a circle. Place
the cursor near the quadrant point and click the left mouse button when the
cursor changes shape.
tan
Tangent
Places an entity at the tangent point of an arc or circle. Place the cursor on
the arc or circle as near as possible to the expected tangent point and click
the left mouse button.
PLOT Command:
AutoCAD Command List
The PLOT command allows you to print the drawing.
To access the Plot command you can:
type plot at a Command: prompt and press Enter
OR
click on the Printer button.
In the Plot Device/Plot Settings dialogue box make the following changes:
Inside the Plot Device dialogue box, find the Name: window. Use the arrow, on the
Right side of this window, to select the name of the printer at your location. It should
now show in the Name: window.
Now click on the Plot Settings tab to move to that dialogue box. Inside the Plot
Settings dialogue box make sure that these items are selected
-In the radio button under the heading Paper size make sure that mm is selected.
-In the window next to the heading Paper size, use the drop down menu to select A
size paper is showing or make sure that it is displayed.
-Under the heading Drawing orientation, make sure that the radio button next to
Landscape is selected.
-Under the heading Plot area, select Extents by clicking on the radio button next
to that category. This tells AutoCAD to print to the "extent" of the drawing.
-If not already selected, use the drop-down menu next to Scale to change the scale
to 1:1.
-Under the heading Plot offset, click on the check box to the left of the label:
Center the plot.
-Under the Plot Options heading, remove the check by Plot with Plot Styles.
**Help NOTE: If you are in inches and change to mm the scale will change and you
must set it again.
QUIT Command:
AutoCAD Command List
Exits the AutoCAD Program.
To access the Quit command you can:
select Exit under the File Menu
OR
type quit at a Command: prompt.